| in vitro transmission and propagation of the bovine leukemia virus in monolayer cell cultures. | this study demonstrates that the bovine leukemia virus (blv) can infect in vitro cells of human, simian, bovine, canine, caprine, ovine, and bat origin. cultures of these cells, cocultivated with blv-infected cells or inoculated with cell-free blv preparations, continuoously showed the presence of cells with the internal blv antigen as well as blv-induced syncytia. virus replication was abundant and increased with passage in bat lung cells and was moderate but constant in fetal canine thymus cel ... | 1976 | 61801 |
| a reverse transcriptase assay for detection of the bovine leukemia virus. | an rna-dependent dna polymerase or reverse transcriptase has been demonstrated in highly purified bovine leukemia virus (blv) particles. the viral enzyme responded very effectively to the exogenous template primer polyneucleotide (poly) (ra)-oligonucleotide (oligo) (dt). unlike the reverse transcriptases of most mammalian c type rna viruses, and of the ubliquitous foamy-like bovine syncytial virus, the blv enzyme prefers magnesium rather than manganese for optimal activity. the identification of ... | 1977 | 73357 |
| detection of antibody to bovine syncytial virus and respiratory syncytial virus in bovine fetal serum. | batches of commercial fetal bovine serum, described by the suppliers as antibody-free, all contained antibody to bovine syncytial virus (bsv) when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was not detected in these sera. twenty-four percent of individual fetal bovine sera contained antibody to bsv, and 14% contained antibody to rsv when tested by indirect immunofluorescence. bsv antibody titers in fetal sera from dams with high bsv antibody level ... | 1978 | 100508 |
| induction of syncytia by the bovine c-type leukemia virus. | bovine buffy coat cells infected with the bovine leukemia virus (blv) induce syncytia formation in human diploid embryonic lung cells as well as in monolayer cell cultures of bovine, simian, ovine, bat, and caprine origin, but not in mouse fibroblast cells, normall rat kidney cells, or rsv-transformed rat cells. syncytia were not observed in diploid embryonic lung cells inoculated with bovine buffy coat cells free of blv. the syncytia-induction effect is associated with the synthesis of complete ... | 1976 | 175949 |
| oncogenicity of the c-type virus hl-23v in marmosets and characterization of virus isolated from an hl-23v-induced marmoset tumor: comparison with simian sarcoma virus type 1. | dog thymus cells chronically infected with hl-23v, a c-type virus isolated from human acute myelogenous leukemia cells, produced both transforming and nontransforming virus indistinguishable from simian sarcoma virus type 1 (ssv-1/ssav-1) and induced fibromas in newborn marmosets. all inoculated marmosets developed anti-hl-23v antibodies. a cell line established from a tumor biopsy produced transforming virus identical to ssv-1 and hl-23v at early passages. however, at later passages the cell li ... | 1978 | 205850 |
| isolation of viruses from cultures of bovine endometrial cells. | endometrial cells from the uteri of pregnant and nonpregnant cattle were cultured. the presence of one or both of two viruses, noncytopathic mucosal disease virus and bovine syncytial virus, was demonstrated in seven of 19 endometria investigated. it was necessary to subculture the cells an average of four times to detect the viral infections. difficulties were encountered in producing endometrial cell cultures from cows at term or near the end of term and also from older animals. the infections ... | 1978 | 213504 |
| a syncytium regression test to detect antibodies to bovine syncytial virus. | a test to detect antibodies to bovine syncytial virus was developed from the observation that syncytia in monolayer cell cultures infected with bovine syncytial virus regress and disappear in the presence of bovine syncytial virus antibodies. the test is useful in monitoring the presence of bovine syncytial virus and bovine syncytial virus antibodies in cattle used in studies on bovine leukosis. | 1979 | 371762 |
| [results obtained using an attenuated bovine syncytial virus vaccine against bronchopneumonia of yearlings (author's transl)]. | bronchopneumonia of yearlings is a respiratory infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brs virus) occurring as a herd disease in young cattle. in severe cases, the clinical picture is identifiable; characteristic features are laboured respiration and a high morbidity rate. following an acute onset, atypical interstitial pneumonia is observed on postmorten examination and bacteriological studies are negative. an attenuated live brs virus vaccine was used against bronchopneumonia of yea ... | 1979 | 494211 |
| antibodies to bovine syncytial virus in dairy cattle. | | 1979 | 552743 |
| virologic studies on cattle with naturally occurring and experimentally induced malignant catarrhal fever. | malignant catarrhal fever is an important disease of cattle and certain wild ruminants. it occurs in sporadic and epizootic forms in colorado cattle. specimens from 15 cattle with naturally occurring malignant catarrhal fever and 5 cattle with induced disease were examined for cell-free and cell-associated viruses. enteroviruses were isolated from leukocytes of 2 cattle with field cases of the disease. a herpesvirus with characteristics of the "movar"-type, isolated from the spleen of another st ... | 1976 | 949113 |
| cytogenetic, cytological, and virological characteristics of a bovine fibrosarcoma. | the features of a bovine tumor with typical histopathological characteristics of a malignant fibrosarcoma are described. direct karyotype preparations from the tumor tissue showed two populations of cells with bizarre karyotypes. an in vitro cell culture, designated bs-2, derived from the tumor had a normal diploid karyotype. this culture formed syncytia and produced a virus morphologically indistinguishable from the ubiquitous bovine syncytial virus. bs-2 cells reacted strongly in immunofluores ... | 1975 | 1192424 |
| bovine immunodeficiency-like virus encodes factors which trans activate the long terminal repeat. | lentiviruses are known to encode factors which trans activate expression from the viral long terminal repeat (ltr); the primary trans activator is the tat gene product. one of the putative accessory genes (tat) of the bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (biv) bears sequence similarity to other lentivirus tat genes. this finding suggests that biv may encode a trans-activating protein capable of stimulating ltr-directed gene expression. to test this hypothesis in vitro, biv ltr-chloramphenicol acet ... | 1992 | 1313891 |
| detection of multiple retroviral infections in cattle and cross-reactivity of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins using bovine and human sera in a western blot assay. | bovine antibovine immunodeficiency-like virus (biv) antibodies were detected by western blot analysis (wba) using a chemiluminescence protocol. bovine sera with anti-biv activity, obtained from cows in two dairy herds, had antibodies directed against a variety of biv-specific antigens indicating chronic infections. these sera were also tested for serological reactivity against bovine leukemia virus (blv) and bovine syncytial virus (bsv). cows most commonly had anti-bsv antibodies (12 of 39). evi ... | 1992 | 1335835 |
| structure and transcriptional status of bovine syncytial virus in cytopathic infections. | the genomic structure of bovine syncytial virus (bsv), a virus commonly infecting cattle, was examined in order to gain insights into the nature of viral dna (vdna) intermediates and the transcriptional status of the virus in cytopathic infections. in dog cf2th cells, the dna intermediate of bsv was found to exist predominantly as linear unintegrated vdna (uvd) molecules. the uvd molecules were cloned directly from total cellular dna by addition of ecori linkers and subsequent ligation into the ... | 1991 | 1657718 |
| serological detection of multiple retroviral infections in cattle: bovine leukemia virus, bovine syncytial virus and bovine visna virus. | individual experimental animals used in our studies on bovine leukemia virus (blv) are routinely screened for the presence of antibodies to the three bovine lymphotropic retroviruses. we utilized these screening methods to examine frozen sera from eight herds for antibodies to blv, bovine visna virus (bvv) and bovine syncytial virus (bsv). serum samples from 235 animals in four dairy and four beef herds were analyzed. detection methods used included indirect fluorescent antibody tests of virus-i ... | 1989 | 2549686 |
| a comparison of the bovine leukemia and bovine syncytial virus status in utero-tubal cells recovered from fluids used to flush the uterus and oviducts of blv-infected, superovulated cattle. | twenty-four cell lines were established from uterine-oviductal flush fluid (uoff) cells from 20 bovine leukosis virus (blv)-infected embryo-donor cows and 4 blv-free control cows harvested by the ficoll-gradient technique. similar epithelial-like and fibroblast-like cells were observed in the primary cultures of uoff from both groups. blv-antigens were not detected with direct immunofluorescence test in any of the cell-lines from the 20 positive blv-cows but a positive reaction was observed with ... | 1988 | 2840845 |
| spread of bovine syncytial virus in a dairy herd over a two year period. | during a two year period the spread of bovine syncytial virus was monitored in a closed herd of 50 to 100 milking cows. out of a nucleus of 49 nonpregnant and pregnant heifers, six were found to be infected with bovine syncytial virus. virus was detected only in the progeny of infected cows and not in the progeny of uninfected animals. nineteen progeny of the bovine syncytial virus infected cows were studied in detail and virus was isolated from only four. horizontal spread of the virus did not ... | 1986 | 3010414 |
| isolation of a retrovirus from the american bison and its relation to bovine retroviruses. | tissue samples were removed at necropsy from five american bison (bison bison) with clinical signs of a disease resembling malignant catarrhal fever (mcf). using cell-associated virus techniques, attempts were made to isolate viruses from these tissues by culturing them directly or by co-culture with bovine fetal cells. among the viruses isolated was one which was syncytiogenic and multiplied in bovine fetal spleen cells and remained highly cell-associated. the presence of reverse transcriptase ... | 1987 | 3029441 |
| [detection of bovine syncytial virus in newborn calves before colostrum intake]. | | 1985 | 4074081 |
| the morphology of bovine syncytial virus. | | 1970 | 4098423 |
| spread of bovine syncytial virus in cell culture. | | 1973 | 4202787 |
| isolations of bovine syncytial virus from maternal and fetal blood. | | 1973 | 4570831 |
| the isolation of a train of bovine syncytial virus in northern ireland. | | 1973 | 4575110 |
| bovine parvovirus 1, bovine syncytial virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus and their infections. | | 1974 | 4608633 |
| susceptibility of calves to bovine syncytial virus given by different inoculation routes. | | 1972 | 4623337 |
| isolation of bovine syncytial virus in britain. | | 1972 | 4627951 |
| bovine syncytial virus isolations. | | 1973 | 4793526 |
| the morphogenesis and classification of bovine syncytial virus. | | 1971 | 5001253 |
| an a particle, probably of bovine origin, detected in bhk21 cells infected with bovine syncytial virus. | | 1971 | 5001255 |
| an a particle, probably of bovine origin, detected in bhk21 cells infected with bovine syncytial virus. | | 1971 | 5001256 |
| further studies of bovine syncytial virus. | | 1970 | 5006223 |
| early syncytium formation by bovine leukemia virus. | bovine leukemia virus (blv) from either persistently infected bat cells or fetal lamb kidney cells induced rapid syncytium formation in f81 indicator cells. distinct syncytia were seen within 2 h after inoculation of cells with highly concentrated (500-fold) cell-free blv preparations and within 4 to 8 h when unconcentrated cell-free blv preparations were used. indicator cell densities of 1 x 10(5) to 2 x 10(5) were optimal for rapid and maximal syncytium formation. pretreatment of blv with refe ... | 1981 | 6264150 |
| [differential electron microscopic diagnosis of bovine leukosis virus and bovine syncytial virus in cell cultures]. | | 1981 | 6282235 |
| attempts to isolate bovine leukemia and bovine syncytial viruses from blood, uterine flush fluid, unfertilized ova and embryos from infected donor cattle. | blood leucocytes, sediments of uterine flush fluid (uff), eggs and embryos from 25 blv-positive donor cows were tested for bovine leukemia (blv) and bovine syncytial (bsv) viruses by cocultivation with fetal lamb spleen cells and by applying syncytium induction and immunofluorescence tests. blv was diagnosed in 11/15 (73.3%) leucocyte and 4/25 (16.0%) uff-sediment specimens as compared to bsv in 14/15 (93.3%) and 21/25 (84.0%) of the similar specimens and neither blv or bsv were found in 26 eggs ... | 1982 | 6291441 |
| [bovine syncytial virus--a review]. | | 1983 | 6316867 |
| isolation of bovine syncytial virus from mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle. | bovine syncytial virus was isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of young dairy calves, beef cattle, and mature dairy cattle. isolations were made in cocultures of lymph node specimens and bovine embryonic lung cells or by subpassage of cocultures in which cytopathic effects were not initially detected. the bovine syncytial viral isolates after storage at -65 c for 3 months in either infected cell cultures of supernate fluids from suspensions or sonically treated infected cell monolayers were usu ... | 1983 | 6349441 |
| isolation of bovine syncytial virus from lymphocytes recovered from fluids used to flush uterus and oviducts of superovulated cattle. | a ficoll-gradient method was applied to isolate lymphocytes from fluids used to flush the uterus and oviducts of superovulated cows. bovine syncytial virus antigens were demonstrated in 15 of 19 cows by cocultivation of lymphocytes with fetal lamb spleen cells and examining them with direct immunofluorescence. viral serum antibodies were found in the same 15 of 19 cows as above by the modified direct complement-fixation test. the virus was also detected in one of four uterotubal cell cultures. | 1984 | 6478302 |
| synovitis and bovine syncytial virus isolation in experimentally induced malignant catarrhal fever. | | 1980 | 7276261 |
| [morphology and morphogenesis of bovine syncytial virus--electron microscopy of ultramicrotomic sections]. | | 1981 | 7337536 |
| [isolation of bovine syncytial virus in east germany]. | | 1981 | 7342910 |
| [cellular spectrum of bovine syncytial virus]. | | 1981 | 7342913 |
| examination of uterine biopsies from infertile cows for the presence of viruses and mycoplasmas. | uterine biopsies from 45 infertile cows were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas, bovine viral diarhoea--mucosal disease virus, bovine syncytial virus and other viruses. no viruses were detected. ureaplasmas were isolated from four cows, two clinically normal and two with nodular vulvovaginitis. | 1980 | 7414068 |
| a study of virus-like particles present in bovine nerve sheath tumours. | the morphology of virus-like particles present in bovine nerve sheath tumours is described, and their origin and significance discussed. virus-like particles were investigated using transmission electron microscopy and tissue culture. the particles were found in a number of tumours and were present either as aggregates in pseudonuclear inclusions or as budding forms associated with the plasma membrane. the latter were found only in cultured tissue. although other cellular structures were conside ... | 1980 | 7425985 |
| isolation of bovine syncytial virus. | | 1980 | 7436911 |
| analysis of the 5' long terminal repeat of bovine syncytial virus. | four molecular clones of the bovine syncytial virus (bsv) were determined to be replication competent by the initiation of cytopathic infections and production of viable virus following transfection of viral dna into permissive cells. the nucleotide (nt) sequence of the 5' long terminal repeat (ltr) of the infectious clone, bsv-11, was determined and analyzed to identify regions common to retroviral ltrs and elements with the potential for involvement in transcriptional regulation. | 1994 | 8163193 |
| transcriptional mapping of the 3' end of the bovine syncytial virus genome. | the bovine syncytial virus, a member of the retroviral subfamily spumavirinae, causes a persistent, asymptomatic infection in cattle. nucleotide sequence analysis of the viral genome revealed two overlapping reading frames in the 3' region, traditionally occupied by accessory-function genes in other complex retroviruses. in order to analyze the transcripts from the accessory-gene region, we designed oligonucleotide primers complementary to sequences within the 5' and 3' long terminal repeats (lt ... | 1994 | 8289332 |
| a serological survey of bovine syncytial virus in ontario: associations with bovine leukemia and immunodeficiency-like viruses, production records, and management practices. | of the 920 cows tested, 56.7% showed antiretroviral serological reactivity. prevalence rates (95% confidence interval) of antiretroviral antibodies among individual dairy cows in ontario were: biv 5.5% (4.0-7.0), blv 25.7% (22.9-28.6), and bsv 39.6% (36.4-42.8). the following percentages of cows showed serological reactivity against the specified retroviruses: biv 2.3%, blv 14.0%, bsv 27.5%, biv and bsv 1.3%, biv and blv 0.9%, blv and bsv 9.9%, biv and blv and bsv 0.9%. these rates of sero-posit ... | 1995 | 8548688 |
| [biology of bovine pestivirus infection responsible for mucosal disease]. | the virus bvd/md belongs to the genus pestivirus from the family flaviviridae, as well as viruses responsible for hog cholera and border disease. bvd/md virus is responsible for two distinct disease entities in cattle: bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd), which is characterized by high morbidity and low mortality, and mucosal disease (md) which is sporadic but highly fatal. bfv/md virus exists under two biotypes among which antigenic pairs: a non cytopathic and a cytopathic biotypes. these biological c ... | 1995 | 8696269 |
| nucleotide sequence of the barmah forest virus genome. | barmah forest virus (bfv) is an atypical alphavirus [dalgarno, l., short, n. j., hardy, c. m., bell, j. r., strauss, j. h., and marshall, i. d. (1984). virology 133, 416-426] and has been classified as the sole known member of a seventh alphavirus serocomplex. the complete nucleotide sequence of bfv genomic rna is 11,488 nucleotides in length excluding the poly(a) tail. two long open reading frames in the rna encode a nonstructural polyprotein of 2411 amino acids and a structural polyprotein of ... | 1997 | 9018152 |
| glomerulonephritis secondary to barmah forest virus infection. | clinical infection with barmah forest virus (bfv) is becoming increasingly recognised with serological testing. we report the first case of glomerulonephritis after bfv infection. the patient required diuretic and antihypertensive therapy, but made an almost complete recovery. bfv infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of glomerulonephritis. | 1997 | 9236755 |
| self-reported morbidity of barmah forest virus infection on the north coast of new south wales. | to describe the clinical features and disability associated with barmah forest virus (bfv) infection. | 1997 | 9397039 |
| the nucleotide sequence and spliced pol mrna levels of the nonprimate spumavirus bovine foamy virus. | we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a replication-competent clone of bovine foamy virus (bfv) and have quantitated the amount of splice pol mrna processed early in infection. the 544-amino-acid gag protein precursor has little sequence similarity with its primate foamy virus homologs, but the putative nucleocapsid (nc) protein, like the primate ncs, contains the three glycine-arginine-rich regions that are postulated to bind genomic rna during virion assembly. the bfv gag and ... | 1998 | 9499074 |
| a comparison of the diseases caused by ross river virus and barmah forest virus. | barmah forest virus (bfv) and ross river virus (rrv) are mosquito-borne viruses with similar vectors and environmental requirements. they cause diseases characterised by arthralgia, arthritis and myalgia, often accompanied by fever and rash. arthritis is more common and more prominent in rrv disease and rash is more common and florid with bfv infection, although the diseases cannot be reliably distinguished by their clinical symptoms. diagnosis is based on serological tests and a definite diagno ... | 1998 | 9734514 |
| development of a western blot assay for detection of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus using capsid and transmembrane envelope proteins expressed from recombinant baculovirus. | a 120-amino-acid polypeptide selected from the transmembrane protein region (ttm) and the major capsid protein p26 of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (biv) were expressed as fusion proteins from recombinant baculoviruses. the antigenic reactivity of both recombinant fusion proteins was confirmed by western blot with bovine and rabbit antisera to biv. biv-negative bovine sera and animal sera positive for bovine syncytial virus and bovine leukemia virus failed to recognize the recombinant fusio ... | 1999 | 10066648 |
| cerebral vasculopathy in hiv infection revealed by transcranial doppler: a pilot study. | there is growing evidence for affection of cerebral vessels during human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. we prospectively evaluated cerebrovascular reserve capacity (crc) in hiv-seropositive patients by transcranial doppler sonography (tcd) after systemic administration of acetazolamide. we hypothesized that a disturbed vasoreactivity would reflect the cerebral arteries' involvement in hiv infection. | 1999 | 10187884 |
| detection of bovine retrospumavirus by the polymerase chain reaction. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed for detection of bovine retrospumavirus (bovine syncytial virus; bsv) provirus dna. two different sets of oligonucleotide primers complementary to sequences located in the gag and the pol/env gene regions were used and compared for their ability to amplify the targeted bsv sequences by pcr. the results obtained from this study have shown that it is possible to amplify the bsv provirus dna sequences not only from total dna of bsv-infected cell ... | 1999 | 10204710 |
| malignant catarrhal fever: polymerase chain reaction survey for ovine herpesvirus 2 and other persistent herpesvirus and retrovirus infections of dairy cattle and bison. | using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) test for sequences of ovine herpesvirus 2 (ohv2), this virus was shown to be significantly associated with sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (sa-mcf) in terminal cases of disease in 34 cattle and 53 bison. ovine herpesvirus 2 was not detected in cattle (38) and bison (10) that succumbed to other diseases. other persistent herpesviruses, retroviruses, and pestivirus, some of which have been previously isolated from cases of sa-mcf, were not associa ... | 2000 | 11021426 |
| non-primate foamy viruses. | foamy viruses (pfvs), also called spumaviruses, are complex retroviruses inducing a characteristic cytopathic effect in cell culture, leading rapidly to cell lysis. these viruses have been isolated mostly in non-human primates, but three non primate pfvs were characterized, namely the bovine foamy virus, the feline foamy virus and more recently the equine foamy virus. in their hosts, pfvs seem to be apathogenic, mirroring an efficient control of virus replication in vivo. comparing the biology o ... | 2003 | 12908774 |
| sensitive and specific detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus and bovine syncytial virus by 5' taq nuclease assays with fluorescent 3' minor groove binder-dna probes. | sensitive assays are required to detect bovine retroviruses in donor cattle used for the in vivo preparation of australian tick fever vaccines. 5' taq nuclease assays using 3' minor groove binder dna probes (taqman)mgb) were developed and compared to conventional pcr assays for the sensitive detection of bovine syncytial virus (bsv) and bovine immunodeficiency virus (biv). seven beef and dairy herds were screened to evaluate these tests. comparative sensitivities of pcr tests were determined by ... | 2004 | 14715301 |
| occurrence of ross river virus and barmah forest virus in mosquitoes at shoalwater bay military training area, queensland, australia. | shoalwater bay military training area (swbta), 2,713 km2 of land located 50-80 km north of rockhampton, queensland, australia, is used by australian and allied forces for training purposes. between march 1998 and february 2000, monthly collections of mosquitoes at 15 sites were conducted using carbon dioxide-baited traps to study the seasonal occurrence of mosquitoes and ross river virus (rrv) and barmah forest virus (bfv) in mosquitoes. a total of 72,616 mosquitoes, comprising 3,897 pools were ... | 2004 | 14989354 |
| the requirements and mechanism for capsid assembly and budding of bovine foamy virus. | little is known about assembly of non-primate foamy virus (fv) such as bovine foamy virus (bfv). to help determine the requirements for assembly of bfv, we constructed bfv-gag expression plasmids containing all or part of the gag gene, with or without modification by addition of myristate (myr). each construct was transfected alone, and with pfenv, into sf-9 insect cells. the results showed that only the entire gag could transit through nucleus, which is required for bfv viral assembly in the cy ... | 2005 | 15834655 |
| spatiotemporal variation of notified barmah forest virus infections in queensland, australia, 1993-2001. | the spatiotemporal variations of barmah forest virus (bfv) infections were assessed in queensland, australia, between 1993 and 2001 utilizing a geographic information system. the notified bfv cases came from 441 localities between 1993 and 1995, 512 between 1996 and 1998, and 546 between 1999 and 2001. a statistically significant increase was observed in the number of localities from which the cases were notified by 16.1% for the period of 1996-1998 and 23.8% for 1999-2001, compared with that fo ... | 2005 | 16026020 |
| analysis of barmah forest virus disease activity in queensland, australia, 1993-2003: identification of a large, isolated outbreak of disease. | barmah forest virus (bfv) disease is the second most common mosquito-borne disease in australia. although the majority of notifications are received from queensland, little is known about the distribution of the disease within the state, or the important mosquito vectors and nonhuman vertebrate hosts. we conducted a retrospective statistical analysis of the notifications received from queensland residents from 1993 to 2003 to establish long-term local incidence rates and to identify disease outb ... | 2005 | 16363173 |
| communicable diseases network australia: national arbovirus and malaria advisory committee annual report 2004-05. | this report describes the epidemiology of mosquito-borne disease in australia for the mosquito-borne disease season 1 july 2004 to 30 june 2005. ross river virus (rrv) infections (45%), barmah forest virus (bfv) infections (30%) and malaria (19%) were the most common mosquito-borne diseases reported in 2004-05. the northern territory had the highest rate of rrv notifications and the peak notification rate (in february 2005) was 54 per cent less than the previous season. the northern territory al ... | 2005 | 16465923 |
| weather variability, tides, and barmah forest virus disease in the gladstone region, australia. | in this study we examined the impact of weather variability and tides on the transmission of barmah forest virus (bfv) disease and developed a weather-based forecasting model for bfv disease in the gladstone region, australia. we used seasonal autoregressive integrated moving-average (sarima) models to determine the contribution of weather variables to bfv transmission after the time-series data of response and explanatory variables were made stationary through seasonal differencing. we obtained ... | 2006 | 16675420 |
| role of verrallina funerea (diptera: culicidae) in transmission of barmah forest virus and ross river virus in coastal areas of eastern australia. | verrallina funerea (theobald) (diptera: culicidae) is a brackish water mosquito species found most commonly in indonesia, papua new guinea, and the northeastern coastal regions of australia. aspects of the vector competence of this species for barmah forest virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, bfv) and ross river virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, rrv), two medically important arboviruses in australia, were investigated. laboratory-reared ve. funerea were moderately susceptible ... | 2006 | 17162959 |
| isolation and partial characterization of bovine foamy virus from polish cattle. | the first isolation and partial characterization of bovine foamy virus (bfv), also known as bovine syncytial virus, in poland is described. this virus was isolated by co-cultivation of peripheral blood leukocytes from infected cattle with permissive cf2th cells. the new isolate, called bfv100 was identified using several techniques: electron microscopy, western blotting, pcr and sequencing of a part of the gag and pol/env genes. based on syncytia induction, antigenic determinants, primer binding ... | 2006 | 17203737 |
| communicable diseases network australia national arbovirus and malaria advisory committee annual report, 2005-06. | this report describes the epidemiology of mosquito-borne disease in australia for the mosquito-borne disease season 1 july 2005 to 30 june 2006, in which the second largest number of notifications since 1995-96 was reported. ross river virus (rrv) infections (66%), barmah forest virus (bfv) infections (23%) and malaria (9%) were the most common mosquito-borne diseases reported in 2005-06. national rrv notifications were the fifth largest on record. the northern territory had the highest rate of ... | 2006 | 17330382 |
| mosquito feeding patterns and natural infection of vertebrates with ross river and barmah forest viruses in brisbane, australia. | host feeding patterns of mosquitoes were assessed through the identification of 865 blood meals collected from brisbane during 2000-2001. under natural conditions, mosquito feeding (including that of culex annulirostris, aedes vigilax, and aedes notoscriptus) was primarily on dogs (37.4%), but also on birds (18.4%), horses (16.8%), brushtail possums (13.3%), humans (11.6%), and cats, flying foxes, and macropods, depending on site. from 1997 to 1999, sera (n=1706) were collected from dogs, cats, ... | 2007 | 17360861 |
| serological detection systems for identification of cows shedding bovine foamy virus via milk. | the biology of foamy viruses, their mode of transmission and disease potential in their natural host and after interspecies transmission are largely unknown. to gain insights into the prevalence of bovine foamy virus (bfv) and its zoonotic potential, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were established to determine antibody responses against gag, env, and the non-structural protein bet in bovine serum and milk. in polish cattle, strong gag reactivity was most frequent (41.5%) and strongl ... | 2007 | 17408715 |
| detection and analysis of bovine foamy virus infection by an indicator cell line. | to determine the infectivity and replication strategy of bovine foamy virus (bfv) in different cultured cells using the bfv indicator cell line (bicl) system. | 2007 | 17588335 |
| guanine tetrad and palindromic sequence play critical roles in the rna dimerization of bovine foamy virus. | retroviruses are unique in having a diploid genome. however, the rna sequences and structures that link the two rna molecules are different. to identify the dimer linkage site of bovine foamy virus (bfv), complementary dnas were used to interfere with rna dimerization of bfv. we found that two sites, designated si and sii, within a 53-base rna fragment, were essential for bfv dimerization in vitro. si consists of a potential guanine tetrad (ggggc), which overlaps the primer binding site, while s ... | 2007 | 17712597 |
| ross river virus and barmah forest virus infections: a review of history, ecology, and predictive models, with implications for tropical northern australia. | the purpose of the present article is to present a review of the ross river virus (rrv) and barmah forest virus (bfv) literature in relation to potential implications for future disease in tropical northern australia. ross river virus infection is the most common and most widespread arboviral disease in australia, with an average of 4,800 national notifications annually. of recent concern is the sudden rise in bfv infections; the 2005-2006 summer marked the largest bfv epidemic on record in aust ... | 2008 | 18279007 |
| ifp35 is involved in the antiviral function of interferon by association with the viral tas transactivator of bovine foamy virus. | interferon-induced proteins (ifps) exert multiple functions corresponding to diverse interferon signals. however, the intracellular functions of many ifps are not fully characterized. here, we report that ifp35, a member of the ifp family with a molecular mass of 35 kda, can interact with the bovine tas (btas) regulatory protein of bovine foamy virus (bfv). the interaction involves nid2 (ifp35/nmi homology domain) of ifp35 and the central domain of btas. the overexpression of ifp35 disturbs the ... | 2008 | 18305040 |
| dimerization of btas is required for the transactivational activity of bovine foamy virus. | the btas protein of bovine foamy virus (bfv) is a 249-amino-acid nuclear regulatory protein which transactivates viral gene expression directed by the long terminal repeat promoter (ltr) and the internal promoter (ip). here, we demonstrate the btas protein forms a dimeric complex in mammalian cells by using mammalian two hybrid systems and cross-linking assay. functional analyses with deletion mutants reveal that the region of 46-62aa is essential for dimer formation. furthermore, our results sh ... | 2008 | 18448144 |
| communicable diseases network australia national arbovirus and malaria advisory committee annual report, 2006-07. | this report describes the epidemiology of mosquito-borne disease in australia for the mosquito-borne disease season 1 july 2006 to 30 june 2007, which was moderately low compared to previous seasons. ross river virus (rrv) infections (55%), barmah forest virus (bfv) infections (29%) and overseas acquired malaria (11%) were the most common mosquito-borne diseases reported in 2006-07. the number, proportion and rate of national bfv notifications were the second highest on record since 1998-99. the ... | 2008 | 18522303 |
| establishment of an indicator cell line to quantify bovine foamy virus infection. | a cell line derived from baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells was transfected with the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene driven by the bovine foamy virus (bfv) long terminal repeat (ltr) to establish a bfv indicator cell line (bicl). among 48 clones, one clone was chosen for its little constitutive enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) expression and high level of egfp expression after activation by bfv infection. by detecting the egfp expression of the bfv indicator cell line, the titer ... | 2008 | 18720504 |
| barmah forest virus serology; implications for diagnosis and public health action. | barmah forest virus (bfv) is a commonly occurring arbovirus in australia. notifications of barmah forest infections diagnosed by a single positive igm serology test have been increasing in coastal new south wales north of newcastle. we report on a 6 month prospective review of all routine notifications of bfv from the lower mid north coast of new south wales. sera from 37 consecutive cases were sent for confirmatory testing by elisa and neutralisation assays and 32 cases were interviewed. on con ... | 2008 | 18767428 |
| socio-environmental predictors of barmah forest virus transmission in coastal areas, queensland, australia. | to assess the socio-environmental predictors of barmah forest virus (bfv) transmission in coastal areas, queensland, australia. | 2009 | 19187524 |
| transcription factor ap1 modulates the internal promoter activity of bovine foamy virus. | foamy virus contains two promoters, which are the canonical long terminal repeat (ltr) promoter and the internal promoter (ip). fv gene expression was considered to initiate at the internal promoter. however, little was known about how basal transcription of ip was triggered by the host cellular factors. previous studies found some cellular proteins could affect hfv viral replication, but it was no known whether the ap1 signal pathway was involved in the activation of viral replication or not. i ... | 2010 | 19853631 |
| analysis of bovine foamy virus btas mrna transcripts during persistent infection. | foamy virus (fv) is an unconventional retrovirus that possesses a complex genome and a special mechanism for gene expression regulation. the genome encodes transcriptional protein tas which is found to regulate both the internal promoter (ip) and the long terminal repeat promoter (ltr). however, the detailed mechanism of tas-mediated gene expression remains unknown. in this study, we provided the first evidence for the temporal production and utilization of four different bovine foamy virus (bfv ... | 2010 | 19911263 |
| bfv activates the nf-kappab pathway through its transactivator (btas) to enhance viral transcription. | multiple families of viruses have evolved sophisticated strategies to regulate nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab) signaling, which plays a pivotal role in diverse cellular events, including virus-host interactions. in this study, we report that bovine foamy virus (bfv) is able to activate the nf-kappab pathway through the action of its transactivator, btas. both cellular ikkbeta and ikappabalpha also participate in this activation. in addition, we demonstrate that btas induces the processing of p ... | 2010 | 20178883 |
| identification and functional characterization of btas transactivator as a dna-binding protein. | the genome of bovine foamy virus (bfv) encodes a transcriptional transactivator, namely btas, that remarkably enhances gene expression by binding to the viral long-terminal repeat promoter (ltr) and internal promoter (ip). in this report, we characterized the functional domains of bfv btas. btas contains two major functional domains: the n-terminal dna-binding domain (residues 1-133) and the c-terminal activation domain (residues 198-249). the complete btas responsive regions were mapped to the ... | 2010 | 20615521 |
| bovine foamy virus transactivator btas interacts with cellular relb to enhance viral transcription. | viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that depend on cellular machinery for their efficient transcription and replication. in a previous study we reported that bovine foamy virus (bfv) is able to activate the nuclear factor κb (nf-κb) pathway through the action of its transactivator btas to enhance viral transcription. however, the mechanism used by nf-κb to enhance bfv transcription remains elusive. to address this question, we employed a yeast two-hybrid assay to screen for btas-interac ... | 2010 | 20844054 |
| preparation of bfv gag antiserum and preliminary study on cellular distribution of bfv. | viruses (e.g. human immunodeficiency virus, human simplex virus and prototype foamy virus) are obligate intracellular parasites and therefore depend on the cellular machinery for cellular trafficking. bovine foamy virus (bfv) is a member of the spumaretrovirinae subfamily of retroviruses, however, details of its cellular trafficking remain unknown. in this study, we cloned the bfv gag gene into prokaryotic expression vector pet28a and purified the denaturalized gag protein. the protein was used ... | 2010 | 20960308 |
| spatial-temporal epidemiological analyses of two sympatric, co-endemic alphaviral diseases in queensland, australia. | the two most reported mosquito-borne diseases in queensland, a northern state of australia, are ross river virus (rrv) disease and barmah forest virus (bfv) disease. both diseases are endemic in queensland and have similar clinical symptoms and comparable transmission cycles involving a complex inter-relationship between human hosts, various mosquito vectors, and a range of nonhuman vertebrate hosts, including marsupial mammals that are unique to the australasian region. although these viruses a ... | 2011 | 21466385 |
| spatial and temporal clusters of barmah forest virus disease in queensland, australia. | objective to identify the spatial and temporal clusters of barmah forest virus (bfv) disease in queensland in australia, using geographical information systems and spatial scan statistic (satscan). methods we obtained bfv disease cases, population and statistical local areas (slas) boundary data from queensland health and australian bureau of statistics, respectively, during 1992-2008 for queensland. a retrospective poisson-based analysis using satscan software and method was conducted to iden ... | 2011 | 21481107 |
| lysine acetylation sites in bovine foamy virus transactivator btas are important for its dna binding activity. | cellular acetylation signaling is important for viral gene regulation, particularly during the transactivation of retroviruses. the regulatory protein of bovine foamy virus (bfv), btas, is a transactivator that augments viral gene transcription from both the long terminal repeat (ltr) promoter and the internal promoter (ip). in this study, we report that the histone acetyltransferase (hat), p300, specifically acetylates btas both in vivo and in vitro. further studies demonstrated that btas acety ... | 2011 | 21813148 |
| the 6a resolution cryo-em barmah forest virus structure shows detailed transmembrane proteins architecture and interactions. | barmah forest virus (bfv) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that infects humans. a 6å resolution cryo-electron microscopy three-dimensional structure of bfv exhibits a typical alphavirus organization with rna-containing nucleocapsid surrounded by a bilipid membrane anchored with the surface proteins e1 and e2. the map allows details of the transmembrane regions of e1 and e2 to be seen. the c-terminal end of the e2 transmembrane helix binds to the capsid protein. following the e2 transmembrane helix ... | 2011 | 21752915 |
| spatio-temporal patterns of barmah forest virus disease in queensland, australia. | barmah forest virus (bfv) disease is a common and wide-spread mosquito-borne disease in australia. this study investigated the spatio-temporal patterns of bfv disease in queensland, australia using geographical information system (gis) tools and geostatistical analysis. | 2011 | 22022430 |
| a new indicator cell line established to monitor bovine foamy virus infection. | in order to improve the accuracy for quantitating the bovine foamy virus (bfv) in vitro, we developed a baby hamster kidney cell (bhk)-21-derived indicator cell line containing a plasmid that encodes the firefly luciferase driven by the bfv long terminal repeat promoter (ltr, from -7 to 1012). the bfv titer could be determined by detecting the luciferase expression since the viral trans-activator btas protein activates the promoter activity of the ltr. one clone, designated bfvl, was selected fr ... | 2011 | 21979571 |
| surveillance should be strengthened to improve epidemiological understandings of mosquito-borne barmah forest virus infection. | barmah forest virus (bfv) is a mosquito-borne virus causing epidemic polyarthritis in australia. this study used case follow-up of cases from the surveillance system to demonstrate that routinely collected bfv notification data were an unreliable indicator of the true location of exposure. | 2012 | 23908926 |
| diagnosis of barmah forest virus infection by a nested real-time sybr green rt-pcr assay. | barmah forest virus (bfv) is a mosquito borne (+) ssrna alphavirus found only in australia. it causes rash, myalgia and arthralgia in humans and is usually diagnosed serologically. we developed a real-time pcr assay to detect bfv in an effort to improve diagnosis early in the course of infection. the limit of detection was 16 genome equivalents with a specificity of 100%. fifty five serum samples from bfv-infected patients were tested by the pcr. 52 of 53 antibody-positive samples were pcr negat ... | 2013 | 23935816 |
| enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in australian mosquitoes. | viral metagenomics characterizes known and identifies unknown viruses based on sequence similarities to any previously sequenced viral genomes. a metagenomics approach was used to identify virus sequences in australian mosquitoes causing cytopathic effects in inoculated mammalian cell cultures. sequence comparisons revealed strains of liao ning virus (reovirus, seadornavirus), previously detected only in china, livestock-infecting stretch lagoon virus (reovirus, orbivirus), two novel dimarhabdov ... | 2013 | 24314645 |
| molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of alphavirus-induced arthritis. | arthritogenic alphaviruses, including ross river virus (rrv), chikungunya virus (chikv), sindbis virus (sinv), mayaro virus (mayv), o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv), and barmah forest virus (bfv), cause incapacitating and long lasting articular disease/myalgia. outbreaks of viral arthritis and the global distribution of these diseases point to the emergence of arthritogenic alphaviruses as an important public health problem. this review discusses the molecular mechanisms involved in alphavirus-induced ... | 2013 | 24069610 |
| forecasting the future risk of barmah forest virus disease under climate change scenarios in queensland, australia. | mosquito-borne diseases are climate sensitive and there has been increasing concern over the impact of climate change on future disease risk. this paper projected the potential future risk of barmah forest virus (bfv) disease under climate change scenarios in queensland, australia. | 2013 | 23690959 |
| a comparative analysis of three vector-borne diseases across australia using seasonal and meteorological models. | ross river virus (rrv), barmah forest virus (bfv), and dengue are three common mosquito-borne diseases in australia that display notable seasonal patterns. although all three diseases have been modeled on localized scales, no previous study has used harmonic models to compare seasonality of mosquito-borne diseases on a continent-wide scale. we fit poisson harmonic regression models to surveillance data on rrv, bfv, and dengue (from 1993, 1995 and 1991, respectively, through 2015) incorporating s ... | 2017 | 28071683 |
| deployable molecular detection of arboviruses in the australian outback. | the most common causes of human infection from the arboviruses that are endemic in australia are the arthritogenic alphaviruses: ross river virus (rrv) and barmah forest virus (bfv). the most serious infections are caused by the neurotropic flaviviruses, murray valley encephalitis virus (mvev) and the kunjin subtype of west nile virus. the greatest individual risk of arbovirus infection occurs in tropical/subtropical northern australia because of the warm, wet summer conditions from december to ... | 2016 | 27402516 |
| alphavirus protease inhibitors from natural sources: a homology modeling and molecular docking investigation. | alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus (chikv), o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv), ross river virus (rrv), eastern equine encephalitis virus (eeev), venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev), and western equine encephalitis virus (weev), are mosquito-transmitted viruses that can cause fevers, rash, and rheumatic diseases (chikv, onnv, rrv) or potentially fatal encephalitis (eeev, veev, weev) in humans. these diseases are considered neglected tropical diseases for which there are no current antiviral ... | 2016 | 27387412 |
| investigation into high barmah forest virus disease case numbers reported in the northern territory, australia in 2012-2013. | between october 2012 and october 2013, unprecedented high numbers of barmah forest virus (bfv) disease cases were reported in the northern territory (nt). an investigation was launched by the nt department of health in cooperation with the department of primary industry and fisheries and the department of land resource management to investigate possible causes for this phenomenon. the investigation included virus isolations from mosquitoes collected in darwin urban areas, bfv antibody testing in ... | 2016 | 26789525 |