| final report of the safety assessment of acacia catechu gum, acacia concinna fruit extract, acacia dealbata leaf extract, acacia dealbata leaf wax, acacia decurrens extract, acacia farnesiana extract, acacia farnesiana flower wax, acacia farnesiana gum, acacia senegal extract, acacia senegal gum, and acacia senegal gum extract. | these ingredients are derived from various species of the acacia plant. only material derived from acacia senegal are in current use according to industry data. the concentration at which these ingredients are reported to be used ranges from 9% in mascara to 0.0001% in tonics, dressings, and other hair-grooming aids. gum arabic is a technical name for acacia senegal gum. gum arabic is comprised of various sugars and glucuronic acid residues in a long chain of galactosyl units with branched oligo ... | 2005 | 16422266 |
| analysis of commercial proanthocyanidins. part 4: solid state (13)c nmr as a tool for in situ analysis of proanthocyanidin tannins, in heartwood and bark of quebracho and acacia, and related species. | (13)c nmr is an effective method of characterizing proanthocyanidin (pac) tannins in quebracho (schinopsis lorentzii) heartwood and black wattle (acacia mearnsii) bark, before and after commercial extraction. the b-rings of the constituent flavan-3-ols, catechols (quebracho) or pyrogallols (wattle), are recognized in unprocessed source materials by "marker" signals at ca. 118 or 105ppm, respectively. nmr allows the minimum extraction efficiency to be calculated; ca. 30%, and ca. 80%, for quebrac ... | 2013 | 23838626 |
| treatment of tropical forages with exogenous fibrolytic enzymes: effects on chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation. | the effects of three treatments of fibrolytic enzymes (cellulase from trichoderma longibrachiatum (cel), xylanase from rumen micro-organisms (xyl) and a 1:1 mixture of cel and xyl (mix) on the in vitro fermentation of two samples of pennisetum clandestinum (p1 and p2), two samples of dichanthium aristatum (d1 and d2) and one sample of each acacia decurrens and acacia mangium (a1 and a2) were investigated. the first experiment compared the effects of two methods of applying the enzymes to forages ... | 2015 | 24605885 |
| effects of feeding plant-derived agents on the colonization of campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. | the aim of this work was to test the potential use of plant-derived extracts and compounds to control campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. over a 7-wk feeding period, birds were fed a commercial diet with or without plant extracts (acacia decurrens, eremophila glabra), essential oil [lemon myrtle oil (lmo)], plant secondary compounds [terpinene-4-ol and α-tops (including α-terpineol, cineole, and terpinene-4-ol)], and the antibiotic virginiamycin. traditional culture and real-time quantitat ... | 2014 | 25002548 |
| phytotoxicity and accumulation of lead in australian native vegetation. | lead (pb) is a wide spread contaminant in the terrestrial landscape. it is highly detrimental to plant and animal life and possesses no known biologic function. yet there is a paucity of reliable information available on the response of australian and other plant species to pb exposure at phytotoxic doses. in this study, the response of three australian native grass species and two tree species to pb in nutrient solution culture was investigated. plants were exposed to average pb concentrations ... | 2010 | 20112105 |
| copper phytotoxicity in native and agronomical plant species. | copper (cu) is a widespread soil contaminant that is known to be highly toxic to soil biota. limited information is available on the response of wild endemic species to cu in the literature, which hinders ecological risk assessments and revegetation. in the present study, the phytotoxicity of cu in nutrient solution was studied in five australian endemic plant species (acacia decurrens, austrodanthonia richardsonii (wallaby grass), bothriochloa macra (redgrass), eucalyptus camaldulensis var. cam ... | 2012 | 22995781 |
| eremophila glabra is an australian plant that reduces lactic acid accumulation in an in vitro glucose challenge designed to simulate lactic acidosis in ruminants. | lactic acidosis is a major welfare issue affecting animal health and production systems such as dairy and feedlot beef. we used two bioassays to identify bioactive plants of australia with the potential to prevent acidosis in ruminants. in the first bioassay, a potentially acidotic environment was induced by adding glucose to rumen fluid and ph and gas production were used to estimate the effect on acid production and microbial fermentation after 5-h incubation. australian plants (n = 104) were ... | 2009 | 22444901 |
| interaction between ants and membracid bugs decreases growth and seed set of host plant bearing extrafloral nectaries. | this study describes an experimental analysis of a five-fold plant-insect interaction, with the primary aim of determining the net effect of insect-insect interactions on the host plant. the participlants are the extrafloral nectary-bearing host plant acacia decurrens; the resident sap-sucking membracid treehopper sextius virescens; the ant iridomyrmex sp. which attends both efn and treehoppers; external herbivores including grasshoppers and gall wasps; and predators and parasitoids of the membr ... | 1983 | 28310658 |