| studies on the hypodermosis affecting red deer in central and southern spain. | from november 1992 to february 1993, 455 red deer (cervus elaphus) were surveyed in order to estimate the prevalence of warble fly (hypoderma actaeon) larvae under the skin of this ungulate species. material came from montes de toledo, sierra morena, sierra de alcaraz, and sierras de cazorla, segura y las villas natural park (central and southern spain). we observed a prevalence of 92%, with a mean +/- sd intensity of 35.7 +/- 41.3 grubs per parasitized host; there was a maximum of 317 larvae pe ... | 1995 | 8592379 |
| comparative scanning electron microscopy of third-instar hypoderma spp. (diptera: oestridae). | scanning electron microscope study of third-instar larvae of four species of hypoderma revealed differences among species in the pattern of spination, spine morphology and morphology of the spiracular plates. these observations identify characters that enable the differentiation of hypoderma actaeon and h. diana, parasitizing red deer (cervus elaphus) in europe, and provide additional characters for differentiating h. bovis and h. lineatum parasitizing cattle. | 1998 | 9622372 |
| [treatment of oestriasis and hypodermosis in red deer (cervus elaphus hippelaphus) and roe deer (capreolus c. capreolus) with ivermectin (ivomec)]. | in two test areas in austria (burgenland, lower austria) ivermectin has been used to control oestrinosis and hypodermosis in red- and roe deer since many years (1985 and 1987, respectively). the results until 1992, using the injectable solution ivomec-injection 1% only, have been reported (kutzer, 1994). in continuation of these tests ivomec-praemix 0.6% was examined and it turned out that the treatment was extremely successful. in practice ivomec-praemix 0.6% has to be given preference due to i ... | 2000 | 10816915 |
| seasonal changes in prevalence and intensity of hypoderma actaeon in cervus elaphus from central spain. | hypodermosis in red deer, cervus elaphus linnaeus (artilodactyla: cervidae), caused by the warble fly, hypoderma actaeon latreille (diptera: oestridae), was studied at quintos de mora (toledo, spain) over a one-year period between october 1994 and september 1995. one hundred and twenty-five red deer were examined for the presence of warble fly larvae. the prevalence of warbles was 44.8% and the intensity of infection was 38.29 (sd +/- 61.32) warbles/deer infected. clear seasonal variations were ... | 2001 | 11434555 |
| species identification of hypoderma affecting domestic and wild ruminants by morphological and molecular characterization. | cuticular structures and the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase i gene were compared for hypoderma bovis (linnaeus), hypoderma lineatum (de villers), hypoderma actaeon brauer, hypoderma diana brauer and hypoderma tarandi (linnaeus) (diptera, oestridae). third-stage larvae of each species were examined by scanning electron microscopy revealing differences among species in the pattern and morphology of spines on the cephalic and thoracic segments, by spine patterns on the tenth abdominal segment, ... | 2003 | 12941017 |
| [myiasis caused by oestridae: serological and molecular diagnosis]. | myiasis-causing oestridae (bot flies) infect several animal species world-wide, from palaearctic to subtropical/tropical areas. oestrids affect livestock production causing abortion, reduced milk production, losses in weight and fertility, poor hide quality and an impairment of the host's immune system. in the last few years much research has been carried out on the immunology of these infestations, in order to acquire efficient and reliable diagnostic serological tools; the genome of the differ ... | 2004 | 15305710 |
| bovine hypodermosis--a global aspect. | cattle hypodermosis (warble fly infestation) is a notorious veterinary problem throughout the world. larvae of hypoderma species cause a subcutaneous myiasis of domesticated and wild ruminants. this disease is caused by, hypoderma bovis, hypoderma lineatum in cattle whereas, hypoderma diana, hypoderma actaeon, and hypoderma tarandi, affect roe deer, red deer, and reindeer, respectively. adults of the cattle grub are commonly known as heel flies, warble flies, bomb flies or gad flies. the biology ... | 2010 | 20607401 |
| use of a crude extract or purified antigen from first-instar cattle grubs, hypoderma lineatum, for the detection of anti-hypoderma antibodies in free-ranging cervids from southern spain. | during the 2003-2005 hunting seasons, a total of 120 cervidae, including 39 red deer (cervus elaphus hispanicus) and 81 fallow deer (dama dama), were examined for subcutaneous myiasis. animals were shot from january to june in southern spain. specific antibodies against hypodermatinae (diptera: oestridae) were detected by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) using a crude larval extract (cle) and a purified antigen [hypodermin c (hc)] obtained from first instars of hypoderma linea ... | 2010 | 20629951 |
| analysis of a mitochondrial noncoding region for the identification of the most diffused hypoderma species (diptera, oestridae). | hypoderma spp. larvae cause internal myiasis in domestic and wild animals characterized by subcutaneous warbles. their differentiation is usually performed at species level based on the morphology of third stage larvae. the recent release of the whole mtdna of hypoderma lineatum and the retrieval of a 102 bp noncoding region occurring between trna(ser) and nadh dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nd1) genes represented the foundation for this study. the noncoding region and the two flanking mitochondrial g ... | 2010 | 20638183 |
| detection of hypoderma actaeon infestation in cervus elaphus with elisa and western blotting. | we used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blotting (wb) to evaluate the reactivity of first-stage larval extracts of hypoderma lineatum with antibodies in sera from 76 red deer from an endemic area for hypoderma actaeon. antibodies in sera from deer infested with h. actaeon recognized hypodermin c from h. lineatum in both elisa and wb assays. elisa values were correlated with the epidemiology of the fly infestation in the area where the deer sera were collected. there was no ... | 2010 | 20688700 |
| hypoderma actaeon: an emerging myiasis in roe deer (capreolus capreolus). | subcutaneous larvae of hypoderma spp. (diptera: oestridae) were detected in the dorsal region in 10 roe deer, capreolus capreolus (artiodactyla: cervidae), hunted in central spain between january and march 2016. all larvae were found in the inner side of the hide during the skinning of the animals. the study of the morphological features of eight larvae of different stages collected from two animals allowed the identification of hypoderma actaeon brauer. the small size (4-5 mm) of some of the fi ... | 2017 | 27804140 |
| first molecular characterization of hypoderma actaeon in cattle and red deer (cervus elaphus) in portugal. | hypoderma spp. larvae cause subcutaneous myiasis in several animal species. the objective of the present investigation was to identify and characterize morphologically and molecularly the larvae of hypoderma spp. collected from cattle (bos taurus taurus) and red deer (cervus elaphus) in the district of castelo branco, portugal. for this purpose, a total of 8 larvae were collected from cattle (n=2) and red deer (n=6). after morphological identification of hypoderma spp. larvae, molecular characte ... | 2017 | 29320820 |