| critical tests of suspension, paste, and pellet formulations of cambendazole in the horse. | three formulations of cambendazole were evaluated for anthelmintic activity by critical testing method in 21 horses. cambendazole suspension was administered via stomach tube at the dose rate of 10 mg/kg to 3 horses and at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg to 3 horses. cambendazole paste was given intraorally to 8 horses, and the pellet formulation was fed to 7 horses at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg. anthelmintic activity of cambendazole was similar for all dose rates and formulations. gasterophilus intest ... | 1975 | 123710 |
| critical tests of the antiparasitic activity of thiabendazole and trichlorfon sequentially administered to horses via stomach tube. | thirteen critical tests were conducted in horses naturally infected with helminths and bots. single doses of thiabendazole (44 mg/kg of body weight) and trichlorfon (40 mg/kg of body weight) powder formulations were administered as suspensions sequentially given via stomach tube to evaluate the efficacy of the combination against the large parasites of horses. parasite removal efficacies were 100% against 2nd instar gasterophilus intestinalis and 2nd and 3rd instar gasterophilus nasalis and 82 t ... | 1977 | 879569 |
| critical tests of anthelmintic activity of a paste formulation of thiabendazole in horses. | critical tests of the activity on large strongyles, ascarids, mature pinworms, and bots were carried out in 11 horses intraorally treated with a paste formulation of thiabendazole. the dose level of 44 mg/kg was administered to 3 horses, and the dose level of 88 mg/kg to 8 horses. removals of strongylus vulgaris and mature oxyuris equi were 100% at the 2 dose levels, and efficacy against strongylus edentatus varied from 95 to 99% and 89 to 100% for the 44- and the 88-mg/kg dose levels, respectiv ... | 1976 | 937790 |
| activity of organophosphorus compounds against oral stages of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis. | controlled tests of the efficacy of bot-active compounds, dichlorvos, trichlorfon, trichlorfon butonate, and carbon disulfide on the larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis during their migratory period in the tissue of the mouth of horses and ponies were completed on experimentally induced and naturally acquired infections. against the experimental parasitisms in pony foals, the resin-pellet formulation of dichlorvos given on the feed at the dose level of 37 mg/kg, 2 form ... | 1975 | 1115423 |
| occurrence of second and third instars of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis in stomachs of horses in kentucky. | the occurrence of 2nd and 3rd instars of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis was determined in 476 horses during the 22-year period from 1951 to 1973. overall, g intestinalis infected 98.7% of the horses and averaged 168/horse; whereas g nasalis infected 80.7% of the horses and averaged 52/horse. aggregate average total numbers for g intestinalis ranged from a low of 50 in september to a high of 229 in march, and for g nasalis, from a low of 14 in september to a high of 82 in fe ... | 1975 | 1190600 |
| critical tests and safety studies on trichlorfon as an antiparasitic agent in the horse. | three series of critical tests were completed on a combined total of 46 horses to determine the efficacy of single doses of trichlorfon against bots, ascarids, pinworms, and large strongyles. different formulations of trichlorfon were administered by tubing intragastrically, mixing with the daily grain ration, injecting intramuscularly, or pouring on the back at dose rates between 20 and 100 mg/kg. administration by feeding tended to be more efficacious for removal of bots and less toxic to the ... | 1976 | 1259212 |
| critical and controlled tests of activity of moxidectin (cl 301,423) against natural infections of internal parasites of equids. | the activity of moxidectin was evaluated in 1988 and 1989 against natural infections of internal parasites in 20 critical tests (n = 20 equids) and three controlled tests (n = 20 equids). two formulations, injectable administered intramuscularly (i.m.) or intraorally (i.o.) and gel i.o., were given at dose rates of 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mg kg-1 body weight. for the critical tests (all three dose rates evaluated), removals of second instar gasterophilus intestinalis were 93-100%, except (89%) for the i ... | 1992 | 1502789 |
| epidemiological observations on gasterophilus intestinalis and g. nasalis in donkeys from morocco. | during a 24 month period, 198 donkeys were examined for gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis larvae. gasterophilus intestinalis was found in 97.5% and g. nasalis in 95.5% of donkeys. the third instars (l3) of both species occurred during all months of the year and so did the second instars (l2), except in april (g. nasalis) and may (g. intestinalis). over 75% of the animals had up to 200 larvae and 1.5% had over 600 larvae. the maximum number of both l2 and l3 larvae found in any ... | 1992 | 1502790 |
| critical and controlled tests of activity of a macrocyclic lactone (compound f28249-alpha) against natural infections in internal parasites of equids. | thirteen critical tests (n = 11 horses and 2 ponies) and 4 controlled tests (n = 4 donkeys and 6 horses) were performed to evaluate the activity of the experimental macrocyclic lactone compound f28249-alpha against internal parasites of equids. in the critical tests, activity was determined mainly against the large parasites, but 1 critical test also included benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles. in the controlled tests, evaluation of drug activity included large parasites and stomach worms ... | 1989 | 2527481 |
| classification of the main macroscopic lesions produced by larvae of gasterophilus spp. (diptera:gasterophilidae) in free-ranging horses in umbria. | listed and described herein are the main macroscopic lesions produced along the whole digestive tract of free-ranging horses by larvae of the five gasterophilus spp., occurring in umbria, a region of central italy: gasterophilus intestinalis, gasterophilus nasalis, gasterophilus pecorum, gasterophilus inermis, gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis. lesions are classified on the basis of their sizes and shapes and the host's anatomic sites infested, and they are examined in relation to the developmental ... | 1988 | 3335129 |
| seasonal occurrence and distribution of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis in the stomachs of equids in texas. | stomachs of 271 horses and ponies from 2 sources were evaluated for the presence of gasterophilus intestinalis and g nasalis larvae, through 2 overlapping 12-month periods of bot fly activity in southern texas. equids (n = 140) from one source had nearly 96% of their stomachs infected, whereas equids (n = 131) from another source had 44% of their stomachs infected by gasterophilus spp. seasonal dynamics of the bot infection indicated the highest average number of bot larvae per infected stomach ... | 1987 | 3631711 |
| prevalence of some internal parasites recovered at necropsy of thoroughbreds born in 1982 in kentucky. | a total of 89 thoroughbreds, 14 to 333 days old (born in 1982), were examined at necropsy for certain internal parasites during a 1-year-period, mar 1, 1982, to feb 28, 1983. the eyes of 73 of the horses and the cranial mesenteric arteries of 71 were examined. specific interest was on prevalence of parasites according to month of the year and age of the horses at necropsy. parasites recovered (first month-last month infected horse found) were as follows: thelazia lacrymalis (eyes) immature and m ... | 1985 | 3994134 |
| critical test evaluations of oxfendazole and trichlorfon: effectiveness of a paste formulation in the horse. | critical tests were performed on 6 horses to evaluate the antiparasitic effectiveness of oxfendazole given in combination with trichlorfon in a paste formulation. treatments were given orally as a single dose. the rates of active ingredient administration were 2.5 and 40 mg/kg of body weight for oxfendazole and trichlorfon, respectively. the combined activities of the 2 antiparasitic compounds proved 100% efficacious in the removal of adult strongylus vulgaris, s edentatus, oxyuris equi, and par ... | 1984 | 6742583 |
| [contribution to the parasitic fauna of the gdr (german democratic republic). 7. occurrence of gasterophilus larvae (diptera: gasterophilidae) in horses]. | observations were carried out from may 1977 to may 1980 on occurrence, fauna, and seasonal dynamics of gasterophilus spp. in 2,539 horses for butchering from all districts of the german democratic republic and also in 79 horses after control against gasterophilosis. 99.98% of the 13,742 second and third instar larvae of horses for butchering were gasterophilus intestinalis, only 0.02% gasterophilus nasalis. out of 7,765 larvae passed after control measures gasterophilus intestinalis dominated wi ... | 1983 | 6859622 |
| prevalence of botfly larvae and lice in studs of north caucasus (stawropol county, russia). | from 14 to 17 april 1990 and from 12 to 21 may 1993 a total of 136 caucasian (donish, karabakh, kabardin, local halfbred) and 26 thoroughbred stud-horses were examined for ectoparasites in studs of stawropol county, russia. a total of 4054 botfly larvae were identified from 9700 faecal samples collected during a period of 3-4 days after oral treatment with eqvalan (msd), strongid plus (pfizer) and vermitan plus (sanofi-chinoin). the species distribution was: gasterophilus intestinalis 84.53%, g. ... | 1995 | 7491867 |
| comparative efficacy evaluation of moxidectin gel and ivermectin paste against internal parasites of equines in brazil. | a total of 24 male and female equines of mixed breed, 10-20 months of age and naturally infected with internal parasites was utilized in a controlled test to evaluate the efficacy of a moxidectin 2% gel formulation at the dosage of 0.4 mg moxidectin per kg of live weight and an ivermectin 1.87% commercial paste formulation at the dosage 0.2 mg ivermectin per kg applied orally. animals were allocated into three groups of eight horses each based on pre-treatment eggs per gram (epg) counts and trea ... | 1998 | 9877068 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the second-instar larva of gasterophilus nasalis. | the second-instar larva of the bot fly gasterophilus nasalis (l.) (diptera: gasterophilidae) is described for the first time, based on scanning electron microscope (sem) studies. on the pseudocephalum the larva bears an antenomaxillary sensory complex formed by the antenna (coeloconic sensilla) and the maxillary palp with a set of six coeloconic sensilla and four basiconica sensilla. the oral opening is latero-posteriorly limited by small spines, and exhibits strongly ornamented maxillae and man ... | 1999 | 10514055 |
| scanning electron microscope observations on third-instar gasterophilus nasalis (diptera: oestridae). | scanning electron microscope observations studied the morphology of 3rd-instar gasterophilus nasalis (l.). distinctive features are illustrated in a sequence of 16 micrographs, bearing indications of structures considered of special interest. the morphology of g. nasalis is compared with that of other larval bot flies. | 1999 | 10593060 |
| efficacy of moxidectin equine oral gel against endoscopically-confirmed gasterophilus nasalis and gasterophilus intestinalis (diptera: oestridae) infections in horses. | a 3 m, video gastroscope was used to screen 47 horses suspected of being naturally infected with equine bot larvae. 17 of 47 (36.2%) candidate horses harbored gasterophilus nasalis larvae in the proximal duodenum and 46 of 47 (97.9%) had g. intestinalis larvae in the stomach. all horses infected with g. nasalis had concurrent infections with g. intestinalis. 14 horses with dual infections were allocated randomly to two treatment groups. seven horses in group 1 received 2% moxidectin oral gel onc ... | 2000 | 10714466 |
| gasterophilus nasalis infection: prevalence and pathological changes in equids in south-west england. | | 2000 | 10731072 |
| prevalence of selected species of internal parasites in equids at necropsy in central kentucky (1995-1999). | a survey to determine current prevalence of several species of endoparasites in equids (n=350) at necropsy was conducted at the livestock disease diagnostic center in central kentucky (1995-1999). thelazia lacrymalis were found in 42% of the 1- to 4-year olds (n=132), which was the only age group examined for these parasites. five- to 30-year olds (n=157), examined for onchocerca spp. worms/lesions, had a prevalence of 24%. in > or =1-year olds (n=324), the infection rate for gasterophilus intes ... | 2000 | 10936545 |
| prevalence and macro- and microscopic lesions produced by gasterophilus nasalis (diptera: oestridae) in the botucatu region, sp, brazil. | the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of gasterophilus nasalis larvae in botucatu, the central west region of são paulo state, brazil, and to describe the lesions caused by the parasite. the climate of botucatu is warm and rainy during the months of december through march and cool and dry during the months of may through august. the prevalence of g. nasalis was 16.84%, and the period of peak infestation corresponded to the months of cold and dry weather. the lesion ... | 2001 | 11777606 |
| species composition of gasterophilus spp. (diptera, oestridae) causing equine gastric myiasis in southern italy: parasite biodiversity and risks for extinction. | horse gastrointestinal myiasis caused by larvae of gasterophilus spp. (diptera, oestridae) flies has a worldwide distribution and, where present, it is primarily caused by larvae of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis. other species, i.e., gasterophilus inermis, gasterophilus pecorum and gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis, present in different or in the same regions of the gastrointestinal tract, were only occasionally reported in very limited areas of eastern european countries and ... | 2005 | 15978726 |
| ultrastructure of contact-chemoreceptor sensilla found among the genae of female gasterophilus nasalis. | scanning electron microscopy was used to observe contact-chemoreceptor sensilla in the genae of the anterior vestigial mouthparts of female gasterophilus nasalis. these were of the uniporous trichoid type and were surrounded by mechanosensory aporous trichoid sensilla of variable size. contact-chemoreceptor sensilla could be involved in detecting different chemical substances, including the equine kairomones that stimulate females to lay eggs on the hair of the host and/or the short-range sexual ... | 2005 | 16419772 |
| prevalence of large endoparasites at necropsy in horses infected with population b small strongyles in a herd established in kentucky in 1966. | two closed horse herds (old lot 4 and field 24), infected since 1966 with population b small strongyles resistant to thiabendazole (tbz) and phenothiazine (ptz), were terminated in february, march, and may, 2005. at necropsy, only the large endoparasites were identified and counted. the number of horses on pasture was 14 (239 days of age to 23 years old) for old lot 4 and two (3 to 20 years old) for field 24. the time of the last antiparasitic treatment, relative to the year (2005) of necropsy, ... | 2006 | 16508764 |
| utility of mitochondrial and ribosomal genes for differentiation and phylogenesis of species of gastrointestinal bot flies. | larvae of gasterophilus spp. (diptera: oestridae) cause gastrointestinal myiasis of equids. however, their identification may be problematic due to morphological similarities between species infesting identical regions of the digestive tract. in this study, genes encoding for mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) and for the 16s and 28s ribosomal subunits of the most commonly encountered gasterophilinae subfamily species [i.e., gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis (l.), gasterophilus inermis (brauer ... | 2005 | 16539155 |
| comparative scanning electron microscopy of gasterophilus third instars. | comparison of cuticular features, including spine distribution and shape, structure of the maxillae and mandibles, the cephalic sensillae and the terminal abdominal segments of third instar gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis, gasterophilus inermis, gasterophilus intestinalis, gasterophilus meridionalis, gasterophilus nasalis and gasterophilus pecorum was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. one or more features distinguished among the species, with the exception of g. haemorrhoidalis and g. ... | 2007 | 17897366 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of working donkeys of ethiopia. | the general prevalence and population composition of gastrointestinal and pulmonary helminths of working donkeys were studied. for the purpose 2935 working donkeys were coprologically examined for nematode and cestode, and 215 donkeys for trematode infections. seven donkeys that died due to various health problems or were euthanased on a welfare ground were necropsied and the parasites were recovered and identified to the species level. the study was conducted during the periods 1996-1999.coprol ... | 2010 | 19548106 |
| molecular comparison of gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis from two distinct areas of poland and italy based on cox1 sequence analysis. | in this study, gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis collected from horses in northeastern poland and southern italy were genetically compared. the cox1 sequences of the polish and italian g. nasalis larvae revealed a higher degree of geographic genetic diversity, with an intra-specific variation rate of 1.27%, than the g. nasalis specimens collected in poland (intra-specific variation rate: 0.49%) and those collected in italy (intra-specific variation rate: 0.58%). however, the l ... | 2010 | 20080351 |
| a novel second instar gasterophilus excretory/secretory antigen-based elisa for the diagnosis of gasterophilosis in grazing horses. | we have developed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on excretory/secretory antigens of second instar gasterophilus for the diagnosis of gasterophilosis in grazing horses. between january 2007 and january 2009, two experiments were carried out on free-ranging horses in northwest spain. during the first year, monthly blood samples were collected from a herd of 25 horses. in the second year, a monthly serological survey was conducted for a total of 398 different horses. all th ... | 2010 | 20430529 |
| Gasterophilosis: a major cause of rectal prolapse in working donkeys in Ethiopia. | A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the cause of rectal prolapse in working donkeys in Ethiopia. Analysis of data on rectal prolapse cases obtained from the Donkey Health and Welfare Project clinic at the School of Veterinary Medicine, Addis Ababa University, from 1995 to 2004 revealed that 83.6% (n?=?177) of the cases were associated with Gasterophilus nasalis. The rest 10.7% and 5.7% were associated with work-related (overloading) cause and diarrhoea, respectively. The mean and ... | 2011 | 21870062 |
| endoparasites of horses from the formiga city, located in center-west region of the state of minas gerais, brazil. | with the aim of studying the endoparasite fauna of horses from the formiga city, located in center-west region of the state of minas gerais, 25 animals that were naturally infected with helminths were evaluated. by means of parasitological necropsies, different endoparasites were found. the subfamily cyathostominae presented the highest incidence, followed by trichostrongylus axei, oxyuris equi, triodontophorus serratus, strongyloides westeri, strongylus edentatus, habronema muscae, parascaris e ... | 2017 | 25517536 |
| prevalence, intensity and seasonality of gastrointestinal parasites in abattoir horses in germany. | prevalence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites were studied through a longitudinal survey in 400 horses over a 17-month period in an abattoir in germany. three hundred and ten horses (77.5 %) were demonstrated harbouring endoparasites either by direct recovery of parasites from the digestive tract and/or in terms of faecal egg counts (strongyles). the following parasites were found (percentage prevalence, range of counts): gasterophilus intestinalis larvae (2.25 %, 1-154), gasterophilus ... | 2013 | 23052780 |
| prevalence of non-strongyle gastrointestinal parasites of horses in riyadh region of saudi arabia. | this study aimed to provide recent data on the occurrence of non-strongyle intestinal parasite infestation in horses in the riyadh region of saudi arabia as a basis for developing parasite control strategies. we conducted necropsy for 45 horses from september 2006 to november 2007 in the riyadh region, saudi arabia. 39 out of 45 horses were infected with intestinal parasites with an infestation rate of 86.6%. infestations with seven nematode species and two species of gasterophilus larva were fo ... | 2011 | 23961139 |
| the incidence and species composition of gasterophilus (diptera, gasterophilidae) causing equine myiasis in northern xinjiang, china. | a survey was conducted on the detection of the larval gasterophilus species in 90 equines via necropsy or after administering oral ivermectin in xinjian, china, from 2008 to 2013. all 90 (100%) equines were infested by larval gasterophilus, and 3723second instar larvae (l2) and 63,778 third instar larvae (l3) were collected from faecal samples and the digestive tract, a ratio of l2:l3=1:17. over 84.45% of the animals contained ≤1500 larvae and 7.78% had >2000 larvae. the highest totals of l2 and ... | 2016 | 26827858 |
| prevalence study in horses infected by gasterophilus sp. in an eastern region of poland. | a survey to determine current prevalence of gasterophilus spp. (bot flies) in equids (n=400) at necropsy in slaughtered horses was conducted at the abattoir in rawicz. the evaluation was performed according to sex, age, larval stages, severity of infestation and localization, respectively. only gasterophilus intestinalis and gasterophilus nasalis were detected. the prevalence determined in the eastern part of poland was of 47%. the high prevalence of this parasite infection in the polish horse p ... | 2013 | 22998809 |
| gasterophilosis in horses in sardinia (italy): effect of meteorological variables on adult egg-laying activity and presence of larvae in the digestive tract, and update of species. | gasterophilus larvae are common obligate parasites of the digestive tract of the equids. horses become infected with this parasite by ingesting the larvae hatched from eggs laid by the female flies. in this study carried out monthly, we (i) counted the gasterophilus eggs deposited by female flies on the coat of 30 grazing horses, (ii) counted and identified the gasterophilus larvae retrieved from the digestive tract of 128 slaughtered horses, and (iii) compared these results to meteorological da ... | 2015 | 25663068 |
| gasterophilus spp. infections in horses from northern and central kazakhstan. | a cross-sectional survey was performed to obtain current data on the gastrointestinal myiasis of horses in the provinces of kostanay, akmola and karagandy, northern and central kazakhstan. the stomach, small intestine and rectum of 148 slaughter horses were examined for gasterophilus spp. larvae during a 26-month study period. all horses were infected with 2nd and 3rd stage larvae (mean intensity: 803±350), and 22% of them harboured >1000 gasterophilus spp. larvae each. four species were identif ... | 2015 | 25522954 |