| occurrence of tetrodotoxin-binding high molecular weight substances in the body fluid of shore crab (hemigrapsus sanguineus). | the shore crab (hemigrapsus sanguineus) is highly resistant to tetrodotoxin (ttx) although it contains no detectable amount of ttx (less than 5 mu/g, where 1 mu is defined as the amount of ttx killing a 20 g mouse in 30 min). its body fluid was examined for neutralizing effects against the lethal activity of ttx. when the mixture of the body fluid and ttx was injected i.p. into mice, the lethal activity of ttx was significantly reduced; 1 ml of the body fluid was evaluated to neutralize 3.6-4.0 ... | 1992 | 1488761 |
| use of a channel biosensor for the assay of paralytic shellfish toxins. | gonyautoxin (gtx), saxitoxin (stx) and tetrodotoxin (ttx), also known as paralytic shellfish poisons (psp), block na+ channels, including those in the frog bladder membrane. a tissue biosensor has been developed, consisting of a na+ electrode covered with a frog bladder membrane integrated within a flow cell. the direction of na+ transfer, investigated in the absence of na+ channel blockers, established that active transport of na+ occurs across the frogs bladder membrane from the internal to th ... | 1998 | 9723836 |
| the annual toxicological profiles of two common puffer fish, takifugu niphobles (jordan and snyder) and takifugu alboplumbeus (richardson), collected along hong kong coastal waters. | the toxicological profiles of two local common puffer fish, takifugu niphobles (jordan and snyder) and takifugu alboplumbeus (richardson), collected in hong kong waters were investigated continuously for 14 months (june 1997-august 1998). their annual spawning seasons (as evident by the enlargement of gonads and presence of eggs in the ovary) were found to be from october to february (four consecutive months) and december to february (two consecutive months), respectively. the toxicities of thei ... | 2002 | 11711129 |
| identification of tetrodotoxin and fish species in a dried dressed fish fillet implicated in food poisoning. | there were five victims of neurotoxic food poisoning from a dried dressed fish fillet in changhua county, taiwan, in february 2000. the toxicity of the dried dressed fish fillets was 243 mouse units per g according to a tetrodotoxin bioassay. the partially purified toxin was identified as tetrodotoxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin. the sequence of the 376-nucleotide region in the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondrial dna exhibited the same genotype as that of the toxic puffer fish lagocephalus lunari ... | 2002 | 11848573 |
| involvement of host recognition by oncomiracidia and post-larval survivability in the host specificity of heterobothrium okamotoi (monogenea: diclidophoridae). | heterobothrium okamotoi, a monogenean gill parasite, shows high host specificity for tiger puffer, takifugu rubripes. in the present study, in vivo and in vitro experimental infections were conducted using various fish species, including t. rubripes, to understand the mechanisms of specificity. in in vivo experiments, t. rubripes, grass puffer, takifugu niphobles, olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus, and red sea bream, pagrus major, were exposed to oncomiracidia of h. okamotoi labelled with a ... | 2007 | 17055510 |
| isolation of halotolerant lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis from intestinal tract of coastal fish. | we isolated lactic acid bacteria from the intestinal tract of the pufferfish takifugu niphobles caught in shimoda, shizuoka, japan by using mrs broth prepared with 50% seawater. additional screening was carried out using phenotypic tests such as gram staining, cell morphology, catalase, oxidase and fermentation of glucose. subsequently 227 isolates screened by the phenotypic tests were subjected to species-specific pcr for lactococcus lactis, resulting in four positive isolates. the 16s rrna gen ... | 2008 | 18068256 |
| differential expression of three types of gonadotropin-releasing hormone genes during the spawning season in grass puffer, takifugu niphobles. | grass puffer, takifugu niphobles, has unique spawning behavior; spawning occurs on beach only for several days around new moon and full moon from spring to early summer. to investigate the role of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (gnrh) in the reproductive function, genes encoding three types of gnrhs, namely seabream gnrh (sbgnrh), chicken gnrh-ii (cgnrh-ii) and salmon gnrh (sgnrh), were cloned and changes in their mrna amounts were examined over the spawning season. in addition, changes in the p ... | 2010 | 20138178 |
| molecular identification of intestinal microflora in takifugu niphobles. | we investigated the intestinal microflora of coastal fish including takifugu niphobles using both culture techniques and library cloning. as a result, the numbers of bacteria appeared on agar media were 1.0x10(4) to 1.4x10(9) cfu/g (colony forming units/gram), whereas those of total bacteria stained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole were 4.7x10(10) to 1.9x10(11) cells/gram, irrespective of different fish species. in addition, the culture technique showed that the intestinal microflora in all sp ... | 2006 | 20483242 |
| isolation and identification of a new tetrodotoxin-producing bacterial species, raoultella terrigena, from hong kong marine puffer fish takifugu niphobles. | puffer fish, takifugu niphobles, collected from the hong kong coastal waters were screened for tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria. a gram-negative, non-acid-fast, non-sporing and rod shaped bacterial strain (designated as gutb01) was isolated from the intestine of the puffer fish and was shown to produce tetrodotoxin (ttx). based on the microbial identification (midi) and 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) phylogenetic analysis, the strain was identified as raoultella terrigena. the ttx ... | 2011 | 22163191 |
| monogeneans (platyhelminthes) from marine fishes of tongyeong, korea. | monogeneans (platyhelminthes) mostly parasitize on fins, skin and gills of fishes. in korea, the study on monogeneans is limited, although, fishes are frequently encountered with severe infection of monogeneans. hence, some of ranched and wild fishes were collected from tongyeong marine living resources research and conservation center, southern part of korea to screen and understand the infection of monogeneans. all three fish hosts were found with the infection of monogeneans including five sp ... | 2014 | 25035585 |
| identification and characterization of pufflectin from the grass pufferfish takifugu niphobles and comparison of its expression with that of takifugu rubripes. | pufflectin found in takifugu rubripes (tr pufflectin) is the first animal lectin reported to show sequence similarity to monocotyledonous plant lectins. in the present study, we identified and characterized an orthologous lectin from takifugu niphobles (tn pufflectin), a species closely related to t. rubripes. tn pufflectin exhibits 86% identity to tr pufflectin with two conserved mannose-binding domains. tn pufflectin was mainly expressed in the skin, gills, brain, and muscles; however, it was ... | 2016 | 26777033 |
| genomic regions of pufferfishes responsible for host specificity of a monogenean parasite, heterobothrium okamotoi. | the genetic mechanisms underlying host specificity of parasitic infections are largely unknown. after hatching, the larvae of the monogenean parasite, heterobothrium okamotoi, attach to the gill filaments of hosts and the post-larval worms develop there by consuming nutrients from the host. the susceptibility to h. okamotoi infection differs markedly among fish species. while this parasite can grow on tiger pufferfish (also called fugu), takifugu rubripes, it appears to be rejected by a close co ... | 2013 | 23872522 |
| variations in bile tolerance among lactococcus lactis strains derived from different sources. | lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis has been isolated from the intestines of marine fish and is a candidate probiotic for aquaculture. in order to use the bacterium as a probiotic, properties such as bile tolerance need to be assessed. here, we compared bile tolerance in l. lactis strains derived from different sources. three l. lactis subsp. lactis strains from marine fish (mfl), freshwater fish (ffl), and cheese starter (csl) were used along with an lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris strain from ... | 2014 | 24395331 |
| variation in the small subunit ribosomal dna confirms that udonella (monogenea: udonellidae) is a species-rich group. | numerous global reports of the species udonella caligorum, currently thought to be a species complex, suggests that the group may be species-rich. herein we describe udonella fugu n. sp., previously described as u. caligorum, found on the parasitic copepod pseudocaligus fugu infecting takifugu spp. from japan. using morphological data u. fugu can be distinguished from the current valid species by at least one of the traditionally used characters in udonellid taxonomy, and phylogenetic analyses o ... | 2010 | 19715695 |
| structure of the corpuscles of stannius in the euryhaline teleost takifugu niphobles (tetraodontiformes, teleostei), with special regard to vascularization and extravascular channel system. | vascularization and the extravascular channel system of the corpuscles of stannius in a euryhaline teleost, takifugu niphobles, were studied by scanning electron microscopy of the vascular corrosion cast, and histochemistry of exogenously injected horseradish peroxidase as a macromolecular tracer. the corpuscles were apposed to the caudal part of the ureter, away from the mesonephric kidney, and were supplied with arterioles from the genital artery running ventrally as a ramus of the dorsal aort ... | 1990 | 2244688 |
| contralateral projections by preganglionic neurons to the sympathetic trunk of the puffer fish, takifugu niphobles. | previous studies have shown that the sympathetic preganglionic neurons of teleosts send axons to the sympathetic trunk on the contralateral side. after severing the spinal nerve roots at a level proximal to the sympathetic ganglia (i.e., nerve roots containing the preganglionic axons) on one side of puffer fish, takifugu niphobles, horseradish peroxidase was applied to the other side of the sympathetic trunk. retrogradely labeled sympathetic preganglionic neurons were found bilaterally in the ce ... | 1997 | 9334998 |
| direct projections from the spinal cord to the trigeminal sympathetic ganglion of the puffer fish, takifugu niphobles. | the sympathetic trunk of teleosts extends into the cranial levels, forming the cranial sympathetic ganglia. when horseradish peroxidase was applied to the trigeminal sympathetic ganglion (a sympathetic ganglion at the level of the trigeminal nerve) of the puffer fish, takifugu niphobles, retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the central autonomic nucleus (a distinct cell column in the rostral part of the spinal cord). the central autonomic nucleus has been known to contain preganglionic neu ... | 1996 | 8858622 |
| the spinal sympathetic preganglionic cell column in the puffer fish, takifugu niphobles. | little is known about the spinal sympathetic organization in teleosts. we examined the location of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons with horseradish peroxidase (hrp) labeling. after hrp application to the sympathetic trunk or celiac ganglion, labeled neurons were found just dorsal - dorsolateral to the central canal. they form a cell column (central autonomic nucleus) at the level of the posterior rootlet of the first spinal nerve to the third spinal nerve. hrp application to the sympatheti ... | 1996 | 8601286 |
| trigeminal, vagal, and spinal projections of supramedullary cells in the puffer fish, takifugu niphobles. | the supramedullary cells (smcs) of teleosts have been studied for nearly 100 years, but their peripheral connections have remained obscure. we examined the supramedullary cells of the puffer fish, takifugu niphobles, using horseradish peroxidase transport. horseradish peroxidase labeling was found bilaterally after application to the trigeminal, the posterior branch of the vagal, and the spinal nerves. no labeled neurons were found after application to the anterior or visceral branches of the va ... | 1995 | 7593749 |
| taxonomic identity of a tetrodotoxin-accumulating ribbon-worm cephalothrix simula (nemertea: palaeonemertea): a species artificially introduced from the pacific to europe. | we compared the anatomy of the holotype of the palaeonemertean cephalothrix simula ( iwata, 1952 ) with that of the holotypes of cephalothrix hongkongiensis sundberg, gibson and olsson, 2003 and cephalothrix fasciculus ( iwata, 1952 ), as well as additional specimens from fukue (type locality of c. simula) and hiroshima, japan. while there was no major morphological discordance between these specimens, we found discrepancies between the actual morphology and some statements in the original descr ... | 2013 | 24199864 |
| stimulation of spermiation by human chorionic gonadotropin and carp pituitary extract in grass puffer, takifugu niphobles. | spermiation was stimulated in the mature grass puffer, takifugu niphobles, with an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg) or carp pituitary extract (cpe). spermatocrit and sperm density were reduced, but milt production was increased in both the hcg and cpe treatment groups relative to those in the control group (p <0.05). these results should be useful for increasing the fertilization efficiency in grass puffer breeding programs. | 2015 | 26973977 |
| detection of tetrodotoxin (ttx) from two copepods infecting the grass puffer takifugu niphobles: ttx attracting the parasites? | in may 2002, two parasitic copepods, pseudocaligus fugu and taeniacanthus sp., were collected from the body surface and gill of the grass puffer takifugu niphobles, respectively, in takehara city, hiroshima prefecture, faced with seto inland sea located in the western part of japan. to them was added 5 ml of 0.1% acetic acid, then the suspension was subjected to ultrasonic disruption with an ultrasonicator for 10 min. the resulting mixture was heated in a boiling water bath for 10 min, and then ... | 2006 | 16934305 |