| rapid acquisition of an alarm response by a neotropical primate to a newly introduced avian predator. | predation is an important selective pressure in natural ecosystems. among non-human primates, relatively little is known about how predators hunt primate prey and how primates acquire adaptive responses to counteract predation. in this study we took advantage of the recent reintroduction of radio-tagged harpy eagles (harpia harpyja) to barro colorado island (bci), panama to explore how mantled howler monkeys (alouatta palliata), one of their primary prey, acquire anti-predator defences. based on ... | 2003 | 12769460 |
| ancient dna provides new insights into the evolutionary history of new zealand's extinct giant eagle. | prior to human settlement 700 years ago new zealand had no terrestrial mammals--apart from three species of bats--instead, approximately 250 avian species dominated the ecosystem. at the top of the food chain was the extinct haast's eagle, harpagornis moorei. h. moorei (10-15 kg; 2-3 m wingspan) was 30%-40% heavier than the largest extant eagle (the harpy eagle, harpia harpyja), and hunted moa up to 15 times its weight. in a dramatic example of morphological plasticity and rapid size increase, w ... | 2005 | 15660162 |
| chromosome reshuffling in birds of prey: the karyotype of the world's largest eagle (harpy eagle, harpia harpyja) compared to that of the chicken (gallus gallus). | like various other diurnal birds of prey, the world's largest eagle, the harpy (harpia harpyja), presents an atypical bird karyotype with 2n=58 chromosomes. there is little knowledge about the dramatic changes in the genomic reorganization of these species compared to other birds. since recently, the chicken provides a "default map" for various birds including the first genomic dna sequence of a bird species. obviously, the gross division of the chicken genome into relatively gene-poor macrochro ... | 2005 | 16163545 |
| it's not too late for the harpy eagle (harpia harpyja): high levels of genetic diversity and differentiation can fuel conservation programs. | the harpy eagle (harpia harpyja) is the largest neotropical bird of prey and is threatened by human persecution and habitat loss and fragmentation. current conservation strategies include local education, captive rearing and reintroduction, and protection or creation of trans-national habitat blocks and corridors. baseline genetic data prior to reintroduction of captive-bred stock is essential for guiding such efforts but has not been gathered previously. | 2009 | 19802391 |
| predation and predation attempts on red titi monkeys (callicebus discolor) and equatorial sakis (pithecia aequatorialis) in amazonian ecuador. | anecdotal reports of predation as well as observed predation attempts and rates of animal disappearance provide some of the most relevant data for evaluating the influence that predation risk may have on primate behavioural ecology. here, we report rates of disappearance from six groups of red titi monkeys (callicebus discolor) and two groups of equatorial sakis (pithecia aequatorialis) followed over a period of four and a half years at a lowland site in amazonian ecuador. we also describe the f ... | 2010 | 20639644 |
| new tick records in rondônia, western brazilian amazon. | in the present study, we provide new tick records from vilhena municipality, in the southeast of the state of rondônia, northern brazil. ticks collected from a capybara, hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (linnaeus), were identified as amblyomma romitii tonelli-rondelli (1 female), and amblyomma sp. (1 larva). ticks collected from a harpy eagle, harpia harpyja (linnaeus), were identified as amblyomma cajennense (fabricius) (16 nymphs) and haemaphysalis juxtakochi cooley (1 nymph). ticks collected from a ... | 2010 | 20943027 |
| abundance of harpy and crested eagles from a reservoir-impact area in the low- and mid-xingu river. | in the brazilian amazon, two monospecific genera, the harpy eagle and crested eagle have low densities and are classified by iucn as near threatened due to habitat loss, deforestation, habitat degradation and hunting. in this study, we evaluate occurrence of these large raptors using the environmental surveys database from belo monte hydroelectric power plant. integrating the dataset from two methods, we plotted a distribution map along the xingu river, including records over a 276-km stretch of ... | 2015 | 26691093 |
| run, hide, or fight: anti-predation strategies in endangered red-nosed cuxiú (chiropotes albinasus, pitheciidae) in southeastern amazonia. | although primate predation is rarely observed, a series of primate anti-predation strategies have been described. energetic costs of such strategies can vary from high-cost mobbing, via less costly alarm calling, to low-cost furtive concealment. here we report the anti-predation strategies of red-nosed cuxiú, chiropotes albinasus, based on direct observations from four study sites in southeastern brazilian amazonia. over a collective period of 1255 fieldwork hours, we observed nine direct intera ... | 2017 | 28116549 |
| phylogeny of eagles, old world vultures, and other accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial dna. | we assessed phylogenetic relationships for birds of prey in the family accipitridae using molecular sequence from two mitochondrial genes (1047 bases nd2 and 1041 bases cyt-b) and one nuclear intron (1074 bases beta-fibrinogen intron 7). we sampled representatives of all 14 accipitridae subfamilies, focusing on four subfamilies of eagles (booted eagles, sea eagles, harpy eagles, and snake eagles) and two subfamilies of old world vultures (gypaetinae and aegypiinae) with nearly all known species ... | 2005 | 15925523 |
| predatory threat of harpy eagles for yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys in the atlantic forest. | we describe seven encounters between different harpy eagle individuals (harpia harpyja) and a group of yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys (sapajus xanthosternos) in una biological reserve. these interactions lasted 58 min on average. in each of those encounters, the capuchin monkeys used particular behavioral strategies against the harpy eagle that were not employed in reaction to other aerial predators. we did not observe any successful predation events, but after one of those encounters an infan ... | 2017 | 27485747 |
| translocation of harpy eagle (harpia harpyja) (linnaeus, 1758) nest. | | 2015 | 26675923 |
| translocation of harpy eagle (harpia harpyja) (linnaeus, 1758) nest. | | 2015 | 26560667 |
| spizaetus hawk-eagles as predators of arboreal colobines. | the predation pressure put on primates by diurnal birds of prey differs greatly between continents. africa and south america have specialist raptors (e.g. crowned hawk-eagle stephanoaetus coronatus and harpy eagle harpia harpyja) whereas in asia the only such specialist's (philippine eagle pithecophaga jefferyi) distribution is largely allopatric with primates. the almost universal absence of polyspecific groups in asia (common in africa and south america) may indicate reduced predation pressure ... | 2011 | 21340695 |
| fatal attack on a rylands' bald-faced saki monkey (pithecia rylandsi) by a black-and-white hawk-eagle (spizaetus melanoleucus). | predation risk has played an important role in primate behavioral evolution, yet natural primate-predator interactions are rarely observed. we describe the consumption and probable predation of an adult bald-faced saki monkey (pithecia rylandsi) by a black-and-white hawk-eagle (spizaetus melanoleucus) at the los amigos biological station in lowland amazonian peru. to our knowledge, this is the first published case of a black-and-white hawk-eagle consuming any primate species. we contend that whi ... | 2017 | 28180973 |
| eye preferences in capuchin monkeys (sapajus apella). | this study explored whether capuchin monkey eye preferences differ systematically in response to stimuli of positive and negative valence. the 'valence hypothesis' proposes that the right hemisphere is more dominant for negative emotional processing and the left hemisphere is more dominant for positive emotional processing. visual information from each eye is thought to be transferred faster to and primarily processed by the contralateral cerebral hemisphere. therefore, it was predicted capuchin ... | 2016 | 27083927 |
| doppler ultrasonography of the pectinis oculi artery in harpy eagles (harpia harpyja). | twenty harpy eagles (harpia harpyja) without systemic or ocular diseases were examined to measure blood velocity parameters of the pectinis oculi artery using doppler ultrasonography. pectinate artery resistive index (ri) and pulsatility index (pi) were investigated using ocular doppler ultrasonography. the mean ri and pi values across all eyes were 0.44±0.10 and 0.62±0.20 respectively. low ri and pi values found in the harpy eagle´s pectinis oculi artery compared with the american pekin ducks o ... | 2017 | 28540254 |
| reduction of genetic diversity of the harpy eagle in brazilian tropical forests. | habitat loss and fragmentation intensify the effects of genetic drift and endogamy, reducing genetic variability of populations with serious consequences for wildlife conservation. the harpy eagle (harpia harpyja) is a forest dwelling species that is considered near threatened and suffers from habitat loss in the forests of the neotropical region. in this study, 72 historical and current samples were assessed using eight autosomal microsatellite markers to investigate the distribution of genetic ... | 2016 | 26871719 |
| resource availability and diet in harpy eagle breeding territories on the xingu river, brazilian amazon. | in the tapajos-xingu interfluve, one of the largest birds of prey, the harpy eagle, is under intense anthropogenic pressure due to historical and recent reductions in forest cover. we studied prey availability and use by harpy eagle on six breeding territories on the low- and mid-xingu river, between 2013 and 2015. we evaluated food resource availability using the environmental-surveys database from two methods: terrestrial surveys (rapeld method) and fauna rescue/flushing before vegetation supp ... | 2015 | 26691092 |
| on the relationship between lateralized brain function and orienting asymmetries. | hemispheric specializations for language perception constitute one of the classic topic in cognitive neuroscience. evidence has accumulated to suggest that lateralized acoustic processing is not restricted to humans but is also found in numerous animal species. one of the methods used to track such lateralization is the orienting-asymmetry paradigm, a simple, noninvasive means to study lateralization that has been applied to a range of different species ranging from harpy eagles to humans. here ... | 2010 | 20695643 |
| yeasts and filamentous fungi in psittacidae and birds of prey droppings in midwest region of brazil: a potential hazard to human health. | birds of prey and from psittacidae family are host to fungal microbiota and play an important role in the epidemiology of zoonoses. few studies in the literature have characterized mycelial and yeast fungi in the droppings of these birds and correlated the isolates with the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms. droppings from 149 birds were evaluated and divided into two groups: captive: rhea americana araneipes, primolius maracana, ara ararauna, ara chloropterus, anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, ... | 2019 | 30304251 |
| high moon brightness and low ambient temperatures affect sloth predation by harpy eagles. | climate plays a key role in the life histories of tropical vertebrates. however, tropical forests are only weakly seasonal compared with temperate and boreal regions. for species with limited ability to control core body temperature, even mild climatic variation can determine major behavioural outcomes, such as foraging and predator avoidance. in tropical forests, sloths are the arboreal vertebrate attaining the greatest biomass density, but their capacity to regulate body temperature is limited ... | 2020 | 32913676 |
| species distribution modeling reveals strongholds and potential reintroduction areas for the world's largest eagle. | the highly interactive nature of predator-prey relationship is essential for ecosystem conservation; predators have been extirpated, however, from entire ecosystems all over the earth. reintroductions comprise a management technique to reverse this trend. species distribution models (sdm) are preemptive tools for release-site selection, and can define levels of habitat quality over the species distribution. the atlantic forest of south america has lost most of its apex predators, and harpy eagle ... | 2019 | 31083656 |
| diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in a harpy eagle (harpia harpyja) with suspected fenbendazole toxicosis. | case description a 14-year-old 4.1-kg (9.02-lb) male harpy eagle (harpia harpyja) was evaluated because of vomiting, anorexia, lethargy, and weight loss (decrease of 0.35 kg [0.77 lb]) of 4 weeks' duration. the bird had previously been treated orally with fenbendazole after the initial onset of clinical signs. clinical findings an initial cbc revealed marked heteropenia and anemia, but whole-body contrast-enhanced ct images and other diagnostic test findings were unremarkable. clinical signs per ... | 2018 | 29346050 |