| evolutionarily stable infection by a male-killing endosymbiont in drosophila innubila: molecular evidence from the host and parasite genomes. | maternally inherited microbes that spread via male-killing are common pathogens of insects, yet very little is known about the evolutionary duration of these associations. the few examples to date indicate very recent, and thus potentially transient, infections. a male-killing strain of wolbachia has recently been discovered in natural populations of drosophila innubila. the population-level effects of this infection are significant: approximately 35% of females are infected, infected females pr ... | 2004 | 15579697 |
| expression and modulation of embryonic male-killing in drosophila innubila: opportunities for multilevel selection. | organisms and the symbionts they harbor may experience opposing forces of selection. in particular, the contrasting inheritance patterns of maternally transmitted symbionts and their host's nuclear genes can engender conflict among organizational levels over the optimal host offspring sex ratio. this study uses a male-killing wolbachia endosymbiont and its host drosophila innubila to experimentally address the potential for multilevel selection in a host-symbiont system. we show that bacterial d ... | 2005 | 15926693 |
| evolutionary dynamics of a spatially structured host-parasite association: drosophila innubila and male-killing wolbachia. | the mode and tempo of host-parasite evolution depend on population structure and history and the strength of selection that the species exert on each other. here we genetically and epidemiologically characterize populations of the mycophagous fly drosophila innubila and its male-killing wolbachia endosymbiont, with the aim of integrating the local through global nature of this association. drosophila innubila inhabit the forested "sky island" regions of the of the southwestern united states and ... | 2005 | 16153037 |
| no resistance to male-killing wolbachia after thousands of years of infection. | maternally transmitted male-killing endosymbionts can exert strong and relentless selection pressure on their hosts to evolve resistance to these infections. surveys of current infection prevalence and mtdna diversity indicate that drosophila innubila is and has been infected with male-killing wolbachia at moderate frequencies for extended evolutionary periods. here, we use coalescent simulations to infer the minimum age of the wolbachia infection in this species, and estimate that the infection ... | 2008 | 18717746 |
| wolbachia as populations within individual insects: causes and consequences of density variation in natural populations. | the population-level dynamics of maternally transmitted endosymbionts, including reproductive parasites, depends primarily on the fitness effects and transmission fidelity of these infections. although experimental laboratory studies have shown that within-host endosymbiont density can affect both of these factors, the existence of such effects in natural populations has not yet been documented. using quantitative pcr, we survey the density of male-killing wolbachia in natural populations of dro ... | 2009 | 19419989 |
| isolation and characterization of 30 polymorphic microsatellite loci from the mycophagous fly drosophila innubila. | drosophila innubila is a mushroom-feeding member of the quinaria group, found in the woodlands and forests of the 'sky islands' in arizona and new mexico and extending south into central mexico. here, we describe and characterize 30 polymorphic microsatellite loci from d. innubila collected in the chiricahua mountains in arizona. the number of alleles ranged from three to 21, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.0513 to 0.9737. six loci were putatively x-linked, six departed from hardy-wein ... | 2008 | 21585936 |
| a dna virus of drosophila. | little is known about the viruses infecting most species. even in groups as well-studied as drosophila, only a handful of viruses have been well-characterized. a viral metagenomic approach was used to explore viral diversity in 83 wild-caught drosophila innubila, a mushroom feeding member of the quinaria group. a single fly that was injected with, and died from, drosophila c virus (dcv) was added to the sample as a control. two-thirds of reads in the infected sample had dcv as the best blast hit ... | 2011 | 22053195 |
| maintenance of a male-killing wolbachia in drosophila innubila by male-killing dependent and male-killing independent mechanisms. | many maternally inherited endosymbionts manipulate their host's reproduction in various ways to enhance their own fitness. one such mechanism is male killing (mk), in which sons of infected mothers are killed by the endosymbiont during development. several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the advantages of mk, including resource reallocation from sons to daughters of infected females, avoidance of inbreeding by infected females, and, if transmission is not purely maternal, the facilitati ... | 2011 | 22380432 |
| loss of reproductive parasitism following transfer of male-killing wolbachia to drosophila melanogaster and drosophila simulans. | wolbachia manipulate insect host biology through a variety of means that result in increased production of infected females, enhancing its own transmission. a wolbachia strain (winn) naturally infecting drosophila innubila induces male killing, while native strains of d. melanogaster and d. simulans usually induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). in this study, we transferred winn to d. melanogaster and d. simulans by embryonic microinjection, expecting conservation of the male-killing phenotyp ... | 2012 | 22892635 |
| the dynamic evolution of drosophila innubila nudivirus. | viruses coevolve with their hosts to overcome host resistance and gain the upper hand in the evolutionary arms race. drosophila innubila nudivirus (dinv) is a double stranded dna virus, closely related to oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (ornv) and kallithea virus. dinv is the first dna virus found to naturally infect drosophila and therefore has the potential to be developed as a model for dna virus immune defense and host/virus coevolution within its well-studied host system. here we sequence and ... | 2018 | 29155284 |