| development of leucocytozoon caulleryi in chick embryos infected by biting of culicoides arakawae through shell membrane. | chick embryos were infected with leucocytozoon caulleryi by biting of the midge, culicoides arakawae, through the shell membrane. schizonts of l. caulleryi were detected in the chorioallantoic membrane and most of the internal organs of embryos and of chicks after hatching. the development of schizonts was slower in embryos than in chickens. soluble antigens of l. caulleryi were demonstrated by the precipitation test in the allantoic fluid and blood from the embryos and chicks. no erythrocytic s ... | 1978 | 99671 |
| [new species of biting midges (diptera, ceratopogonidae, culicoides) from kazakhstan]. | | 1976 | 134337 |
| experimental transmission of fowl pox by culicoides arakawae. | | 1979 | 230416 |
| widespread ige-mediated hypersensitivity in northern sudan to the chironomid cladotanytarsus lewisi ('green nimitti'). | hypersensitivity to chironomidae (non-biting midges) has been a problem in northern sudan since about 1927 and is probably due to the working of dams which have produced lake-like conditions on parts of the blue and main niles where breeding has evidently increased. studies were undertaken to determine whether this hypersensitivity is mediated by ige. sixteen sudanese, with bronchial asthma associated with exposure to the chironomid, cladotanytarsus lewisi ('green nimitti'), were investigated. a ... | 1978 | 373930 |
| repellency of selected compounds against two species of biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae: culicoides). | | 1979 | 529269 |
| a method of feeding the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) on mammalian hosts. | | 1979 | 541810 |
| viruses isolated from culicoides midges in south africa during unsuccessful attempts to isolate bovine ephemeral fever virus. | five viruses, unrelated to bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv), were isolated from culicoides biting-midges collected during the summer months of the years 1968-69 and 1969-70 near a cattle herd in which cases of bef occurred and at an open horse stable at onderstepoort. these viruses were investigated by means of serological, electron-microscopical and physicochemical tests. it was established that 2 isolates, cul. 1/69 and cul. 2/69, were related to each other and belonged to the palyam subgro ... | 1979 | 551368 |
| development of dipetalonema gracile and d. caudispina to the infective stage in culicoides hollensis. | the microfilariae of 2 species of dipetalonema (i.e., d. gracile and d. caudispina), common parasites of south american monkeys, develop to the third (infective) stage in the biting midge, culicoides hollensis. development of both species occurs in the abdominal fat body; d. gracile requires 13 days and d. caudispina 9 days. despite similarities in the patterns of development of both species, the third-stage larvae of each is morphologically distinct. | 1979 | 571910 |
| [culicoides (avaritia) sanguisuga, a new species of biting midges for the fauna of the ussr]. | the occurrence in the ussr of c. (a.) sanguisuga coq., a species recorded earlier only from north america has been stated. the species seems to have a wide distribution throughout the ussr. the description and figures of females and males collected in the south of krasnojorsk territory are given. in the author's opinion the male of c. sanguisuga was repeatedly described in the soviet literature but under other names (c. obsoletus, c. seimi). morphological characters of females of four species of ... | 1977 | 593720 |
| new species of culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) from colombia. | | 1978 | 633294 |
| antibodies to akabane virus in australia. | neutralising antibody to akabane virus was shown to develop in cattle in northern australia throughout the year and also on the east coast of new south wales in the summer during 1975/1976. other species found to have antibody to akabane virus were buffaloes, horses, camels and sheep, but no antibody was found in domestic chickens, ducks, wallabies or man. the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis has been detected in all the major areas where antibody was demonstrated in this study. | 1978 | 655964 |
| development of tetrapetalonema marmosetae to the infective stage in culicoides hollensis and c. furens. | development of the microfilaria of tetrapetalonema marmosetae to the infective stage is described in 2 species of biting midges, culicoides furens and c. hollensis. development takes place in the thoracic muscles where the microfilaria requires 8 days to reach the third, or infective, stage. these observations suggest that species of culicoides are the probable natural vectors of t. marmosetae in enzootic areas and that possibly a wide range of midges will serve as suitable vectors for the paras ... | 1978 | 739292 |
| congenital bovine epizootic arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in australia. distribution of antibodies to akabane virus in australian cattle after the 1974 epizootic. | at the end of the 1974 epizootic of bovine congenital arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly in south-eastern new south wales, an australia-wide serological survey (about 4,000 serums) was made to determine the ditribution of cattle possessing serum neutralising antibodies against akabane virus. eighty per cent of the serums from cattle in northern australia (western australia, northern territory, and queensland) were positive. a detailed study in the epizootic area in new south wales (particularly ... | 1976 | 1016149 |
| [attacks of bloodsucking biting midges on birds in the forests of prikam'ia]. | 63 nests of 11 species of birds were examined in the mid-taiga forests of prikamje from 1971 to 1973. 710 specimens of midges were caught within this period. 8 species of midges attacked birds. of them the most abundant was culicoides cubitalis edw. (62.8%). rather numerous were c. sajanicus mirz. (14.9%) and c. reconditus c. et p.-c (11.9%). the other species were few in number or rare. in closed nests c. reconditus c. et p.-c. (42.1%) prevailed. one fourth of caught females were with blood (26 ... | 1975 | 1143930 |
| a mass attack by the biting midge culicoides nubeculosus (mg.) (dipteria, ceratopogonidae) on grazing cattle in denmark. a new aspect of sewage discharge. | a consequence of sewage discharge into a shallow marsh pool was large-scale hatching of the biting midge culicoides nubeculosus from the recipient and mass attacks by this blood-sucking insect on grazing cattle. culicoides nubeculosus is a great nuisance due to the painful bite and in denmark it is a potential vector of pathogenic agents. in the future, these aspects of sewage discharge must be borne in mind. | 1975 | 1161452 |
| specificity of molecular hybridization techniques for the detection of bluetongue virus serotypes in culicoides variipennis. | direct blot hybridization (dbh) and sandwich hybridization (sh) were evaluated for their ability to detect bluetongue virus (btv) rna in the biting midge culicoides variipennis (coquillett). probes were derived from the l3 rna segment of btv, serotype 17. rna of the five btv serotypes occurring in the usa (btv-2, btv-10, btv-11, btv-13, and btv-17) was extracted from pools of varying numbers of infected and uninfected biting midges and assayed by direct blot and sandwich hybridization tests. dir ... | 1992 | 1335548 |
| epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities. | a total of 161 arthropod specimens were collected from 55 sites in a health care facility during july and september 1990. of the 116 bacterial isolates obtained from their body surfaces 6% were from parasites (mosquitoes), 59% from eusynanthropic arthropods (tenebrionid beetles, flies, german cockroaches, wasps), 16% from hemisynanthropic arthropods (ants, spiders) and 19% from occasionally encountered insects (non-biting midges, moths, beetles). most (88%) of the isolated bacteria were gram-neg ... | 1992 | 1350604 |
| afrotropical culicoides: c. (avaritia) loxodontis sp. nov., a new member of the imicola group (diptera: ceratopogonidae) associated with the african elephant in the kruger national park, south africa. | culicoides (avaritia) loxodontis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from both sexes collected in south africa. it is the 5th species of the imicola group of the subgenus avaritia to be described from the afrotropical region, and is presently known only from the kruger national park where it has been collected in light-traps and reared from the dung of the african elephant (loxodonta africana) on various occasions. a number of character states, and statistical analyses of antennal and palpal ... | 1992 | 1513595 |
| morphology of the antennae of two species of biting midge: culicoides impunctatus (goetghebuer) and culicoides nubeculosus (meigen) (diptera, ceratopogonidae). | scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the antennae of culicoides impunctatus and culicoides nubeculosus show that males and females share five sensillum types. sensilla chaetica resemble mechanoreceptors, each innervated by a single neurone whose dendrite terminates distally in a tubular body: the arrangement of sensilla on male antennae suggests that females are located by sound. the antennae have both sharp- and blunt-tipped sensilla trichodea, sharp-tipped sensilla on only the dist ... | 1992 | 1518067 |
| [the significance of the structural characteristics of the agent for the problems of immunization against blue tongue]. | bluetongue virus (btv), an arthropod-borne virus, is transmitted primarily by biting midges of the genus culicoides. some insect species, which might serve as a potential vector, are prevalent in central europe. in sheep, bluetongue is acute and mortality is high, whereas in cattle, goats and most wild ruminants the infection is usually clinically inapparent. viremia is of short duration in sheep, but cattle experience a prolonged viremia and provide a reservoir for the dissemination of btv. at ... | 1991 | 1665600 |
| isolation of tahyna virus from biting midges (diptera, ceratopogonidae) in czecho-slovakia. | a total of 14,250 haematophagous biting midges (genus culicoides, diptera: ceratopogonidae) were collected in june 1986 in the mountains ceskomoravská vysocina (about 600 m above sea level); from these 2 strains of tahyna virus (serogroup california, bunyaviridae) were isolated. to our knowledge this is the first isolation of a california serogroup virus from the species of family ceratopogonidae as well as the first report of arbovirus isolation from biting midges in europe. | 1991 | 1683130 |
| effect of temperature on late immature stages of culicoides brevitarsis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | fourth-instar larvae of the biting midge, culicoides brevitarsis kieffer, were reared to adult in agar medium at temperatures of 20, 26, 30.5, 33, 35.5, 38 and 40 degrees c. optimum (greater than 80%) survival to adult occurred from 26 to 33 degrees c. temperatures outside this range disrupted development. above 35.5 degrees c, all immatures died before completing development. duration of development from fourth instar to adult was shortest at 30.5 degrees c (4.3 d). the estimated duration of de ... | 1991 | 1770526 |
| [blood-sucking biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera, ceratopogonidae) from poland]. | further records of culicoides collected from new localities and regions are presented. c. vidourlensis (baltic coasts), c. abchazicus (ojców national park, babia góra mts) and c. jurensis (pieniny and babia góra mts) are for the first time recorded from the country. at present 48 species of the genus are known to occur in poland. | 1991 | 1823496 |
| bluetongue epidemiology in the caribbean region: serological and entomological evidence from a pilot study in barbados. | variation in the percentage of lambs seroconverting to bluetongue viruses was seen between sites and years in barbados. transmission at some sites was nearly absent whereas all lambs at one site became seropositive. the agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue gave consistent results in series of serum samples from 112 of 121 sentinel lambs. collections of biting midges in association with sheep yielded six species: culicoides insignis lutz, c. pusillus lutz, c. phlebotomus (williston), c. f ... | 1990 | 1966778 |
| field studies on the potential of butanone, carbon dioxide, honey extract, 1-octen-3-ol, l-lactic acid and phenols as attractants for mosquitoes. | various combinations of six candidate attractants--butanone, carbon dioxide (co2), honey, octenol, lactic acid and mixed phenols--were tested against natural populations of mosquitoes in everglades national park, florida, u.s.a., using unlighted cdc-baited traps. with few exceptions, the attractancy of these candidate compounds to mosquitoes, when used alone, was less than that of co2 alone. the exceptions were that octenol and honey extract alone attracted larger numbers of coquillettidia pertu ... | 1990 | 1983456 |
| a rna virus in cells from culicoides variipennis. | a virus was detected in cells (designated cuva) cultured from one laboratory colony of the biting midge, culicoides variipennis. by electron microscopy (30 nm), nonenveloped, icosahedral virions arranged separately and in crystalline matrix arrays were seen in the cytoplasm but not in the nucleus of cuva cells. separation by 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed multiple bands of viral-induced double-stranded rna. inoculation of this virus onto different cell lines and intracranially i ... | 1991 | 2022869 |
| repellency of two deet formulations and avon skin-so-soft against biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in honduras. | two u.s. military issue deet repellent formulations (75% deet liquid and 33% deet lotion) and avon skin-so-soft were tested against ceratopogonid midges under field conditions in honduras. test subjects were u.s. military personnel deployed to honduras for training. culicoides furens accounted for 96.3% of all midges collected. the liquid and lotion formulations of deet and avon skin-so-soft provided 97.9, 95.9 and 71.4% protection, respectively, compared with the untreated control. both deet fo ... | 1991 | 2045813 |
| culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) of kenya. | the 55 known culicoides species of kenya, including the adult females of 52 species and the adult males of 46 species, are described. new taxa described for kenya include c. isechnoensis n. sp. (subgenus meijerehelea), c. karenensis n. sp. (similis group), and c. nairobiensis n. sp. (inornatipennis group). three new species of the c. schultzei group are left unnamed. the kenyan fauna is arranged in five recognized subgenera (10 species), eight species groups (36 species), and nine unplaced speci ... | 1990 | 2093769 |
| fine structure and sporogonic development of a vavraia sp. (microsporida: pleistophoridae) in the biting midge culicoides edeni (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | a microsporidium with ultrastructural characteristics of the genus vavraia was found in the fat body of an adult specimen of culicoides edeni (diptera: ceratopogonidae) collected in northern florida. the sporogonial stages developed within sporophorous vesicles, which contained variable numbers of oval spores at maturity. the wall of the sporophorous vesicle was composed of two electron-dense outer layers and an electron-lucent intermediate layer. sporonts contained haplokaryotic nuclei and divi ... | 1990 | 2105355 |
| equine culicoides hypersensitivity in florida: biting midges aspirated from horses. | nine species of culicoides were aspirated from horses in florida during the second phase of a study of equine culicoides hypersensitivity (chs). approximately 90% of the 2933 midges were culicoides insignis lutz, 4% were c.stellifer (coquillett), 3% were c.niger root and hoffman, 2% were c.alachua jamnback and wirth and the remaining 1% included c.venustus hoffman, c.scanloni wirth and hubert, c.lahillei iches (= c.debilipalpis lutz), c.pusillus lutz, and c.edeni wirth and blanton. culicoides we ... | 1990 | 2133005 |
| genetic variation in laboratory and field populations of the vector of bluetongue virus, culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | laboratory colonies and several natural populations of the biting midge culicoides variipennis (coquillett) were analyzed for genetic variation at 21 electrophoretic loci. the laboratory colonies maintained high levels of genetic variation measured by average expected heterozygosities (he = 0.142 +/- 0.008), although levels were lower than those observed in field collections (he = 0.198 +/- 0.009). a field population from colorado, analyzed five times over a 1-yr period, showed a consistent tren ... | 1990 | 2153832 |
| detection of bluetongue virus serotype 17 in culicoides variipennis by nucleic acid blot and sandwich hybridization techniques. | molecular hybridization techniques were developed for the detection and surveillance of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17 in the insect vector culicoides variipennis, a biting midge. radiolabeled rna and cdna probes were generated from sequences of the l3 segment of btv serotype 17. these probes were used to detect btv rna in pools of infected c. variipennis by hybridizing the probes directly to analyte immobilized on nylon membranes or by using a nucleic acid sandwich hybridization test. hybri ... | 1990 | 2172294 |
| culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae) associated with cattle in st. croix, virgin islands, and their relevance to bluetongue virus. | potential biting midge vectors were collected at two sites on st. croix as part of an ongoing study on the epidemiology of bluetongue viruses in the caribbean region. six species of culicoides were trapped in a new jersey light trap (mean = 173 biting midges/trap night) near cattle on a dairy farm. c. furens (poey) and c. insignis lutz were the predominant phototactic species, and c. pusillus lutz, c. trilineatus fox, c. jamaicensis edwards, and c. phlebotomus (williston) were collected less fre ... | 1990 | 2177791 |
| immunogenicity and allergenicity of culicoides imicola (diptera: ceratopogonidae) extracts. | summer seasonal recurrent dermatitis (ssrd) or "sweet itch" is a seasonally occurring allergic dermatitis of horses provoked by biting midges. the allergic skin reactions have been attributed to allergens present in various culicoides species. c. imicola is the suspected etiological agent of ssrd in israel. whole body extracts of this midge induced hypersensitivity reactions upon injection into susceptible horses and in this study attempts were made to define components of c. imicola which have ... | 1990 | 2346072 |
| [blood-sucking biting midges (ceratopogonidae) in north central siberia]. | 6000 adult punkies were collected from man and animals over a period of 15 years in the taimyr and evenki autonomous okrugs of krasnoyarsk territory. four species culicoides chiopterus, c. pulicaris, c. fascipennis, c. alatavicus are reported from tundra and forest-tundra of taimyr (68 degrees 00'-73 degrees 13' n). punkies of the above species are small in number and do not occur all over the region. in northern and middle taiga of evenkia (60 degrees 20'-65 degrees 45' n) punkies are very abun ... | 1990 | 2349002 |
| evidence for haemoglobins as common allergenic determinants in ige-mediated hypersensitivity to chironomids (non-biting midges). | chironomids (non-biting midges) are known to cause ige-mediated hypersensitivity in man. this study compares the cross-reactivity between the chironomid midge cladotanytarsus lewisi ('green nimitti'), a widespread cause of allergy in the sudan and chironomus riparius (= thummi, ctt) where larvae are used as pet fish food and where haemoglobins were previously shown to be major allergens. as with c. riparius, immature forms of c. lewisi also contain allergenic material since skin test responses t ... | 1985 | 2411447 |
| a common epitope on major allergens from non-biting midges (chironomidae). | a synthetic peptide corresponding to sequence 91-101 of the chironomus thummi thummi haemoglobins (chi t i) components iii and iv was used to investigate binding and cross-reactivity with polyclonal human ige and rabbit igg antibodies and murine igg1 subclass monoclonal antibodies (mabs). the synthetic peptide reacted with antibodies from all three mammals. the specificity of the reaction, especially that with ige antibodies was shown by dose dependent inhibition with native chi t i component ii ... | 1988 | 2464134 |
| cell lines from culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) support replication of bluetongue virus. | cell lines have been developed from 2-day-old embryos of the biting midge, culicoides variipennis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). in north america c. variipennis is the primary insect vector of bluetongue virus (btv), an orbivirus that causes disease of ruminants. the c. variipennis (cuva) cells, grown in schneider's drosophila medium, consist primarily of a fibroblast-like cell type. cuva cells are very hardy. they can grow over a wide range of temperature and ph and adapt to growth in minimal esse ... | 1989 | 2553822 |
| intradermal challenge of icelandic horses with extracts of four species of the genus culicoides. | twenty-three icelandic horses were challenged with extracts of four species of biting midges: culicoides pulicaris, c chiopterus, c obsoletus and c impunctatus. fourteen of the tested horses were affected with summer eczema. the horses were challenged intradermally with 0.1 ml of whole-body extracts of midges at a concentration of 0.01 or 0.005 per cent weight/volume. the skin reactions were measured after 30 minutes, 60 or 180 minutes and four, 24 and 48 hours after injection. antigen titration ... | 1989 | 2595084 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of an orbivirus of the palyam serogroup from biting midge culicoides oxystoma in japan. | an orbivirus of the palyam serogroup was isolated from culicoides oxystoma collected in a cowshed in kagoshima, southern kyushu island, japan. this is the first isolation of an orbivirus of the palyam serogroup in japan. the virus was a spherical non-enveloped rna virus, approximately 60 nm in diameter. the virus was resistant to ethyl ether, sodium deoxycholate and freezing-thawing, but readily inactivated by trypsin. the virus was not stabilized by 1 m mgcl2, was labile at ph 3.0 and was not p ... | 1989 | 2646823 |
| studies on biting midges of the genus culicoides in the suez canal zone. | the importance of the biting midges of the genus culicoides being in their role as vector of non periodic filarial worms of the genus mansonella and dipetalonema to man and pathogenic virus to livestock. besides, their painful bite may disappear within an hour or cause an appreciable systemic reaction. in this paper, the four species recorded in the suez canal zone (c. schultzei, c. puncticollis, c. pallidipennis & c. distinctipennis) were redescribed. also, the hours of activity of the most com ... | 1989 | 2708861 |
| detection of reassortant orbiviruses (wallal serogroup) in a prototype strain isolated from a pool of biting midges (culicoides dycei). | genetic variation between clones selected from early passage pools of wallal virus (reoviridae, orbivirus) was investigated. the virus had been isolated in 1970 from a pool of 100 insects (culicoides dycei), caught in the wild, by laboratory passage in suckling mice. gel electrophoresis and oligonucleotide fingerprint analysis of clones indicated that multiple reassortant genotypes were present in early passages of the original isolate. the virus, previously described as the prototype strain of ... | 1989 | 2732705 |
| seasonal abundance and parity of culicoides biting midges associated with livestock at roma, lesotho (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | a light-trap survey was undertaken of the species composition, seasonal abundance and parity of culicoides at roma, lesotho, to establish whether the likely vectors for bluetongue and african horse sickness occur in this area as well as the chance of transmission. a total of 34 catches was made between 21 september 1985 and 24 september 1986; 32,819 culicoides were caught belonging to 19 species. culicoides numbers rapidly built up from december to a peak in february which implies that this may ... | 1989 | 2812701 |
| susceptibilities of 14 cell lines to bluetongue virus infection. | the effect of bluetongue virus (btv) infection was investigated in 14 cell lines. the cell lines included the following vertebrate cells: baby hamster kidney, african green monkey kidney (vero), rabbit kidney, bovine kidney, canine kidney, bovine turbinate, bovine endothelium (cpae), bighorn sheep tongue, equine dermis, gekko lung, rainbow trout gonad, and mouse fibroblast (l929); they also included the following invertebrate lines: mosquito and biting midge. comparisons between the cell lines w ... | 1988 | 2853175 |
| induction of salivation in biting midges and mosquitoes, and demonstration of virus in the saliva of infected insects. | culicoides biting midges and aedes aegypti (linnaeus) mosquitoes were induced to salivate by the topical application of pilocarpine, neostigmine, malathion and dimethoate; of these, malathion was the most effective. drops of saliva produced by virus-infected midges and mosquitoes were shown to contain virus. the method could be used to demonstrate transmission in insects infected with a variety of pathogens. | 1987 | 2856508 |
| allergens of non-biting midges (diptera: chironomidae): a systematic survey of chironomid haemoglobins. | various genera of non-biting midges (diptera: chironomidae) possess haemoglobins in larvae and adults. for certain species, these haemoglobins have been implicated in human allergic disease in several countries. the present study confirms and extends observations that haemoglobin is present in many species of chironomidae, establishes that it is retained from the larval to the adult stage and shows that haemoglobin persists both in live and in dead dry flies. previous suggestions that chironomid ... | 1988 | 2980167 |
| equine culicoides hypersensitivity in florida: biting midges collected in light traps near horses. | twenty-three species of culicoides were trapped near pruritic horses during a 2-year survey in florida. nearly 99% of the biting midges collected were represented by culicoides insignis lutz, c. edeni wirth and blandon, c. stellifer (coquillett), c. niger root and hoffman, c. haematopotus malloch and c. venustus hoffman. the relative contribution to the total catch by each of these species varied among collection sites. seasonally, different species attain their largest population sizes at diffe ... | 1988 | 2980168 |
| further data on the distribution of biting midges in southern europe and the mediterranean area, with special reference to culicoides imicola. | studies on the culicoides midges of spain and turkey suggest that the range of c. imicola may extend to about 40 degrees n. however, catches of midges from mainland greece, sicily and italy failed to reveal the presence of this species. these findings are discussed in the light of the possibility of the occurrence of bluetongue (bt) disease in these areas, consequent upon windborne spread of infected vectors from countries where the disease is endemic. | 1985 | 2989851 |
| observations on larval habitats of suspected culicoides vectors of bluetongue virus in florida. | potential breeding sites for culicoides variipennis (coquillett) and c. insignis lutz, suspected vectors of bluetongue virus (btv) in florida, were examined at 7 livestock facilities located in different geographic regions of the state. the 2 most productive habitats were mud contaminated by effluent from milking parlors (92.3 larvae/sample) and margins of vegetated ponds (18.8 larvae/sample). four species of biting midges, c. crepuscularis malloch, c. haematopotus malloch, c. insignis, and c. v ... | 1985 | 2989856 |
| experimental infection of culicoides brevitarsis from south-east queensland with three serotypes of bluetongue virus. | laboratory-reared c. brevitarsis (biting midges) were fed on sheep which had been experimentally infected with bluetongue serotype 1 (csiro 156), bluetongue serotype 20 (csiro 19) or bluetongue serotype 21 (csiro 154), or on cattle experimentally infected with bluetongue serotype 20 (csiro 19). approximately 77 000 c. brevitarsis were exposed to sheep and 9000 to cattle. the average percentage feeding on sheep was 54% and on cattle 47%. in attempts to transmit virus by bite 3360 c. brevitarsis w ... | 1985 | 2998313 |
| observations on the taiwanese strain of leucocytozoon caulleryi (haemosporina) in chickens. | the taiwanese strain of leucocytozoon caulleryi was isolated from an infected chicken in taipei, taiwan, and established in chickens and biting midges culicoides arakawae from japan. sporogony of the strain in c. arakawae was completed on day 3 after the infective blood meals at 25 degrees c. sporozoites isolated from the salivary glands of c. arakawae on days 3 or 4 after feeding caused infection in all the chickens inoculated. the strain showed high pathogenicity for chickens. mortality of chi ... | 1986 | 3090239 |
| isolation of akabane virus from the biting midge culicoides oxystoma in japan. | akabane virus was isolated from the biting midge, culicoides oxystoma, collected in a cowshed in kagoshima on kyushu island of japan. this is the first report on the isolation of akabane virus from biting midges of the genus culicoides in japan. two calves kept as bait in the cowshed seroconverted to akabane virus. these results strongly suggest that c. oxystoma may be a vector of akabane virus. | 1987 | 3124329 |
| akabane epizootics in new south wales: evidence for long-distance dispersal of the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis. | in 1983 an outbreak of akabane disease occurred in calves in new south wales between coolah and dunedoo at the foothills of the liverpool range, from molong to oberon in the blue mountains and in the bylong valley. these areas, at the time of infection of the dams, were in a drought and conditions were unsuitable for the multiplication of c. brevitarsis. in late march meteorological phenomena developed producing air movements favourable for transporting infected midges from the hunter valley. a ... | 1987 | 3125823 |
| cryopreservation of leucocytozoon caulleryi sporozoites. | leucocytozoon caulleryi sporozoites that had been stored at -196 degrees c or -80 degrees c for 6 or 12 months in eagle's minimum essential medium or medium 199 supplemented with 5% glycerol and 10% chicken serum showed infectivity to chickens. glycerol at a concentration of 10% and dimethyl sulfoxide at 10% and 5% were found to be ineffective cryoprotective agents for the low temperature preservation of sporozoites. sporozoites isolated from the intact females of culicoides arakawae, which had ... | 1988 | 3183995 |
| hypersensitivity to chironomid chironomus salinarius (non-biting midge living in the lagoon of venice) in a child with serious skin and respiratory symptoms. | we are here describing the case of a ten-year-old child, without any allergyc family antecedent, who presented a growing skin and respiratory symptomatology in contact with swarms of non-biting midges chironomus salinarius in the summers 1984-1985-1986. these diptera have been greatly multiplying since the beginning of the summer 1982. the skin tests and the rast-elisa with common air-borne allergens resulted negative. on the contrary the prick-test with a suspension of the entire body of the ch ... | 1988 | 3223998 |
| evidence of allergic hypersensitivity to chironomid midges in an english village community. | some chironomid (non-biting) midges contain potent human allergens, principally in the form of insect haemoglobins. in view of previously demonstrated immunological cross-reactivity between some different midge species, the possible role of british midges in allergic disease was studied. the chosen site, farmoor near oxford, is a village that has been subject to several annual nuisance midge swarms since the construction of an adjacent water-supply reservoir in 1964, which was extended in 1975. ... | 1988 | 3396197 |
| evaluation of naled applied as a thermal fog against culicoides furens (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | naled/diesel oil (1:99), applied as a thermal fog, was tested against the biting midge culicoides furens. the insects were confined in small cages suspended at 4 heights on poles at progressively greater distances from the fog release point. in terms of population survival 24 hr after treatment, a parabolic equation accurately described the regression of percent survival on distance from the release point. if 10% survival is considered as the maximum acceptable, then the equation predicts adequa ... | 1987 | 3504923 |
| research on parasitic arthropods of the lake zarnowieckie environs, conducted in 1981-1985. i. part: biting midges (diptera, ceratopogonidae). | in the environs of the lake zarnowieckie in 1982-1985 systematic investigations on haematophagic biting midges of genus culicoides were conducted. a total of 2,188 specimens of culicoides were caught, among which the occurrence of 26 species was stated. up to now in this area a total of 28 species was observed. in the cattle spaces 478 specimens (7 species) were caught, with use of the light trap--554 specimens (16 species), with the help of entomological net--79 specimens (5 species) as well as ... | 1987 | 3506437 |
| quantitation of the blood meal ingested by culicoides arakawae (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | | 1987 | 3694635 |
| isolation of arboviruses from mosquitoes, biting midges, sandflies and vertebrates collected in queensland, 1969 and 1970. | | 1973 | 4150461 |
| [a new species of biting midge of the genus culicoides (diptera, ceratopogonidae) from the western pamir]. | | 1973 | 4267363 |
| cattle and culicoides biting midges as possible overwintering hosts of bluetongue virus. | | 1971 | 4353606 |
| attacks on cattle by mosquitoes and biting midges. | | 1968 | 4387913 |
| [new species of biting midge, culicoides gluchovae sp. n. from transbaikalia]. | | 1974 | 4456270 |
| relationship between th course of gametocyte appearance of akiba caulleryi in the chicken and sporozoite production in culicoides arakawae. | | 1968 | 4978003 |
| the identification of blood meals in biting midges, (culicoides: ceratopogonidae). | | 1970 | 5485702 |
| biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) and human health. | | 1983 | 6312046 |
| assessment of culicoides barbosai as a vector of mansonella ozzardi in haiti. | studies in the southern peninsula of haiti showed that the biting midge, culicoides barbosai, was capable of supporting the development of mansonella ozzardi to the infective stage. the known vector, culicoides furens, also was encountered. both species showed distinct biting site preferences, i.e., 98% of the midges that engorged on the arms and head were c. barbosai whereas c. furens was collected mostly from the lower legs. nine days after engorgement, 19 infective larvae were recovered from ... | 1984 | 6391228 |
| fine structure of leucocytozoon caulleryi during microgametogenesis and fertilization. | the fine structure of microgametogenesis and fertilization in leucocytozoon caulleryi was studied. when the peripheral blood of chickens containing mature gametocytes was withdrawn or ingested by culicoides arakawae , differentiation of the microgametocytes began immediately. the cytoplasm of host cell and the outer membrane of the microgametocyte disappeared. axoneme formation began in the cytoplasm and the condensed chromatin masses were observed at the periphery of the nucleus of microgametoc ... | 1984 | 6428080 |
| [species potential fertility of blood-sucking biting midges of the genus culicoides and its regulation]. | | 1980 | 6445486 |
| douglas and tinaroo viruses: two simbu group arboviruses infecting culicoides brevitarsis and livestock in australia. | two australian members of the simbu group, douglas and tinaroo viruses, were found to be distinct, by virus-neutralization tests, from three previously known simbu group viruses isolated in australia, namely akabane, aino and peaton viruses. a low-titre, two-way, cross-reaction was noted between akabane and tinaroo viruses. antibody to tinaroo and douglas viruses was detected in serum from cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats and deer but not in humans, pigs, kangaroos and wallabies. the results for ho ... | 1984 | 6517762 |
| assessment of leptoconops bequaerti as a potential vector of mansonella ozzardi in haiti. | experimental studies in bayeux, haiti showed that the biting midge, leptoconops bequaerti, is capable of supporting the complete development of mansonella ozzardi but only on a very limited scale. this suggests that the species may not be involved in the natural transmission cycle despite its abundance and pestiferous nature in certain areas of haiti. a midge-holding container is described which markedly enhanced the survival of engorged l. bequaerti in the laboratory. | 1983 | 6625054 |
| insect repellent jacket tests against biting midges (diptera: culicoides) in panama. | light-weight net jackets treated with n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) were field-tested in panama against five species of biting midges, principally culicoides furens (poey) and c. barbosai wirth and blanton. the deet-treated jacket provided 87-93% protection. time of day as well as season appeared to influence the proportionate numbers of species collected. the mean coefficient of protection was slightly lower during morning tests when c. barbosai was most abundant and higher during evening test ... | 1983 | 6824123 |
| mansonella ozzardi in haiti ii. arthropod vector studies. | the present vector studies show that the biting midge, culicoides furens, serves as an intermediate host for mansonella ozzardi in haiti. a total of 3,430 c. furens were collected as they engorged on infected individuals. under the maintenance conditions described herein, the microfilaria required 9 days to reach the infective stage. approximately 43% of the midges survived, and from these 1,128 infective stage larvae were collected. this represents an overall infection rate of 0.76 larva per mi ... | 1981 | 7020451 |
| development of tetrapetalonema llewellyni to the infective stage in culicoides hollensis. | the vector requirements and course of larval development for tetrapetalonema llewellyni price, 1962, a common filaria of raccoons in louisiana, are described for the first time. development (from microfilaria to infective stage) took place in the thoracic muscles of the biting midge, culicoides hollensis (melander and brues, 1902) foote and pratt, 1954, and required 9 days under laboratory conditions. the findings of this study suggest that species of culicoides may serve as natural vectors of t ... | 1982 | 7077459 |
| laboratory observations on the biology and life cycle of the australian biting midge culicoides subimmaculatus (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | | 1982 | 7143377 |
| effects of rearing temperature on length of larval period and size of adults in culicoides arakawae and culicoides maculatus (dipteria:ceratopogonidae). | effects of rearing temperature on the duration of larval period and the wing lengths of adults were studied in a laboratory strain of culicoides arakawae and in wild-caught c. maculatus fed cultured nematodes of rhabditis elongata as diets on agar medium. larvae of each species responded differently to rearing temperature. so that the larval development of c. arakawae adapted to high temperature and of c. maculatus to low temperature. low temperature increased the duration of larval period consi ... | 1982 | 7186612 |
| oropouche virus. iii. entomological observations from three epidemics in pará, brazil, 1975. | urban epidemics of oropouche (oro) fever in three municipalities in pará, brazil were studied in 1975. culicoides paraensis (goeldi) were collected during each of the epidemics and there was a positive correlation, by study areas within the city of santarém, between human seropositivity to oro virus and population densities of c. paraensis and culex quinquefasciatus say. the best numerical correlation was with populations of c. paraensis. the relative absence of other species in the areas of hig ... | 1981 | 7212163 |
| new species of biting midges of the genus culicoides from colombia and the first description of the male of c. florenciae (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | | 1980 | 7218268 |
| [biotopic distribution and the dynamics of the activity of blood-sucking biting midges, culicoides pulicaris punctatus, in the southern urals]. | | 1981 | 7231375 |
| chironomid midges as a cause of allergy in the sudan. | hypersensitivity to chironomidae (non-biting midges) has been a problem in the sudan since about 1927 and appears to be due to increased breeding of a single chironomid species, cladotanytarsus lewisi (freeman). mass emergence of the midges in thought to be related to the larval diet of algae and diatoms, the numbers of which are greatly enhanced by the retention of plant nutrients in lacustrine conditions resulting from interruption to the natural flow of the nile by the construction of dams. i ... | 1981 | 7268834 |
| [potential use of the light trap for studying the seasonal course of the population count and age composition of culicoides sinanoensis (diptera, ceratopogonidae) biting midges in southern krasnoyarsk territory]. | | 1981 | 7279437 |
| peaton virus: a new simbu group arbovirus isolated from cattle and culicoides brevitarsis in australia. | a new member of the simbu group of arboviruses, for which the name peaton virus is proposed, has been isolated from midges and cattle in australia. nine isolates were obtained from 101 pools of the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis collected at peachester, qld, (26.51 degrees s., 152.53 degrees e.) between 30 november and 8 december 1976. three isolations of the same virus were made from the blood of sentinel cattle collected at grafton and tamworth, n.s.w., on 20 january and 13 april 1977, re ... | 1980 | 7436869 |
| the virtual absence of culicoides imicola (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in a light-trap survey of the colder, high-lying area of the eastern orange free state, south africa, and implications for the transmission of arboviruses. | altogether 52 078 culicoides biting midges of 35 species were collected during february 1990 and 1993 in 40 light-trap collections made on 17 cattle and/or sheep farms in the bethlehem and fouriesburg districts of the colder, high-lying eastern orange free state. culicoides (avaritia) bolitinos was by far the most abundant species, representing 50.9% of all specimens collected. culicoides (a.) imicola, considered to be the most common stock-associated species in the summer rainfall areas of sout ... | 1994 | 7501364 |
| [the mass development of biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) on the littoral of the white sea]. | the biting midges larvae fauna of the intertidal and supralittoral zones in sel'dianaia small bay (kandalaksha bay of the white sea) is studied. it is represented by stilobezzia sp., dasyhelea sp. and culicoides manchuriensis immature stages. their distribution displays the strict vertical zonation. the abundance of larvae collected differs strongly at the places with different conditions. the mass breeding of culicoides and dasyhelea in the tidal zone of arctic seas is noticed for the first tim ... | 1995 | 7567072 |
| field evaluation of four repellents against leptoconops americanus (diptera: ceratopogonidae) biting midges. | four repellents, deet, ai3-37220, ai3-35765, and cic-4, prepared as 12.5% ethanol solutions, were evaluated against biting midges on stansbury islands, ut. leptoconops americanus carter was the only species that was biting human volunteers during the study. this species bit primarily on the ears at rates up to 840 bites per hour. all four repellents significantly reduced the number of bites on treated volunteers. ai3-37220 consistently provided the longest period of protection, giving 97 and 74% ... | 1995 | 7616521 |
| entomologic evaluation of insect hypersensitivity in horses. | potential methods of incriminating insects as the cause of insect hypersensitivity are presented. a listing of the biting midges known to attack horses in north america is presented also. an example of how species may be determined to be the cause of the hypersensitivity is given using data from a recent study in florida. light trap collections indicated the temporal and geographic distribution of potential contributing species and collections made by vacuuming horses further delineated species ... | 1995 | 7634163 |
| bluetongue and douglas virus activity in new south wales in 1989: further evidence for long-distance dispersal of the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis. | | 1995 | 7661825 |
| akabane virus. | akabane virus, an arthropod-borne bunyavirus, is the major cause of epizootics of congenital malformations in ruminants in australia, japan, korea, and israel, and is suspected to be a cause of sporadic outbreaks elsewhere. blood-sucking insects, such as biting midges, transmit the virus horizontally to vertebrates. climatic factors influence the seasonal activity and geographic range of the vector population and, therefore, occurrence of related disease. inoculated ruminants seroconvert rapidly ... | 1994 | 7728635 |
| the transmission and geographical spread of african horse sickness and bluetongue viruses. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) and bluetongue virus (btv) are dsrna viruses within the genus orbivirus. both are able to cause non-contagious, infectious arthropod-borne diseases in their respective vertebrate hosts. ahsv infects equines and occasionally dogs, whereas btv replicates in ruminants. the disease caused by ahsv is usually at its most severe in horses, whereas certain breeds of sheep are particularly sensitive to btv infection. ahsv is endemic in sub-saharan africa but periodical ... | 1995 | 7741589 |
| bluetongue and douglas virus activity in new south wales in 1989: further evidence for long-distance dispersal of the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis. | infection of cattle with bluetongue and douglas viruses was detected on the central and southern coast of new south wales from january to april 1989. bluetongue virus infection was found well south of areas of expected occurrence. evidence is presented to support wind-borne dispersal of infected vectors, culicoides brevitarsis, southwards from the hunter valley. | 1995 | 7779035 |
| [the influence of economic activities on the fauna of bloodsucking midges in the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in the environs of saint-petersburg]. | the dependence of the species composition and abundance of biting midges upon a degree of the anthropogenic impact in landscape of the vicinity of st. petersburg was investigated. the species of the subgenus monoculicoides could be used as bioindicators of the environmental pollution. | 1994 | 7898944 |
| african horse sickness: transmission and epidemiology. | african horse sickness (ahs) virus causes a non-contagious, infectious, arthropod-borne disease of equines and occasionally of dogs. the virus is widely distributed across sub-saharan african where it is transmitted between susceptible vertebrate hosts by the vectors. these are usually considered to be species of culicoides biting midges but mosquitoes and/or ticks may also be involved to a greater or lesser extent. periodically the virus makes excursions beyond its sub-saharan enzootic zones bu ... | 1993 | 8102076 |
| abundance and prevalence of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) on some philippine chicken farms. | in total, 10,067 biting midges of the genus culicoides comprising 17 species were collected in a light trap survey of 50 chicken farms in the province of batangas, southern luzon, philippines, between 14 september and 5 december 1988. the species of greatest prevalence and abundance were culicoides effusus delfinado, culicoides peregrinus kieffer, and culicoides palpifer sen & das gupta. engorged females of c. effusus, c. peregrinus, c. palpifer, culicoides oxystoma kieffer, culicoides arakawae ... | 1994 | 8158628 |
| culicoides aspirated from cattle in costa rica, honduras, panama and puerto rico, and their role as potential vectors of bluetongue viruses. regional bluetongue team. | in 1991, as part of an epidemiological study of bluetongue viruses (btv) in the central american and caribbean region, eight farms located in costa rica, honduras, panamá and puerto rico were sampled for culicoides spp. attacking cattle. using cattle bait, 3884 biting midges were collected with an electric aspirator during both crepuscular periods. the predominant species captured was culicoides insignis lutz (95%), followed by c.furens (poey) (3.4%), c.filarifer hoffman/c.ocumarensis ortiz (0.9 ... | 1994 | 8161838 |
| identification of bloodmeals of the scottish biting midge, culicoides impunctatus, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) has been developed to identify the bloodmeal sources of culicoides impunctatus goetghebuer. nightly light trapping in scotland, between april and september 1992, caught a total of 344 blood-engorged female c. impunctatus, all in may, june and july. the insects were stored in 70% ethanol and tested 5-7 months later. bloodmeal sources were positively identified for 246 (71.5%). bovine hosts were most common (38.4%), followed by deer (23.0%) and ... | 1994 | 8161839 |
| culicoides responses to 1-octen-3-ol and carbon dioxide in salt marshes near sea island, georgia, u.s.a. | the semiochemicals carbon dioxide (co2) and 1-octen-3-ol (octenol) were evaluated as attractants at several release rates, alone and in combination, for the major coastal species of biting midges in georgia: culicoides furens, c. hollensis and c. melleus (diptera: ceratopogonidae). the data show that co2 is an effective attractant for the females of all three species, but each has a different response pattern. in contrast, octenol was an effective attractant only for c.furens, either alone or in ... | 1994 | 8161840 |
| rapid cold-hardening in culicoides variipennis sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | rapid cold-hardening was studied in the adult stage of the biting midge culicoides variipennis sonorensis wirth & jones from a laboratory colony. no individuals could withstand a direct transfer from 20 degrees c (rearing temperature) to -10 degrees c for 2 h; however, an acclimation period of 1 h at 5 degrees c immediately before exposure to -10 degrees c yielded 96% survival. the cold-hardening response was very rapid; increased cold tolerance peaked after only a 1-h exposure to 5 degrees c. n ... | 1993 | 8254640 |
| nested and multiplex polymerase chain reactions for the identification of bluetongue virus infection in the biting midge, culicoides variipennis. | two polymerase chain reaction tests for the detection of bluetongue viral (blu) rna in the principal north american insect vector, culicoides variipennis, were developed. the blu serogroup specific test used the highly expressed non-structural protein 1 gene as the target gene and two amplification steps. first a 1228 base pair product was amplified using an outer primer pair, then a second amplification using a nested or internal primer pair produced a 930 base pair product. this nested pcr tes ... | 1993 | 8270654 |
| [autogeny in bloodsucking biting midges of the genus culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae)]. | the phenomenon of autogenity has been examined by means of different criteria both in nature and in laboratory in 25 blood-sucking species of the genus culicoides, which were collected in russia, uzbekistan, azerbaijan, armenia, georgia and kazakhstan during 1979-1990 years. an autogenetic maturation of eggs has been observed in 6 species, and the absence of this phenomenon has been observed in 19 species. it is suggested, that autogenity or non-autogenity is a species characteristic of blood-su ... | 1993 | 8414646 |