| prevalence and transmission of honeybee viruses. | transmission mechanisms of six honeybee viruses, including acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), black queen cell virus (bqcv), chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv), deformed wing virus (dwv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and sacbrood bee virus (sbv), in honey bee colonies were investigated by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) methods. the virus status of individual queens was evaluated by examining the presence of viruses in the queens' feces and tissues, including hemolymph, gut, ovaries, spermatheca, ... | 2006 | 16391097 |
| detection of deformed wing virus, a honey bee viral pathogen, in bumble bees (bombus terrestris and bombus pascuorum) with wing deformities. | honey bees (apis mellifera) productively infected with deformed wing virus (dwv) through varroa destructor (v. destructor) during pupal stages develop into adults showing wing and other morphological deformities. here, we report for the first time the occurrence of bumble bees (bombus terrestris, bombus pascuorum) exhibiting wing deformities resembling those seen in clinically dwv-infected honey bees. using specific rt-pcr protocols for the detection of dwv followed by sequencing of the pcr prod ... | 2006 | 16300785 |
| rt-pcr analysis of deformed wing virus in honeybees (apis mellifera) and mites (varroa destructor). | deformed wing virus (dwv) is a honeybee viral pathogen either persisting as an inapparent infection or resulting in wing deformity. the occurrence of deformity is associated with the transmission of dwv through varroa destructor during pupal stages. such infections with dwv add to the pathology of v. destructor and play a major role in colony collapse in the course of varroosis. using a recently developed rt-pcr protocol for the detection of dwv, individual bees and mites originating from hives ... | 2005 | 16298989 |
| the role of varroa mites in infections of kashmir bee virus (kbv) and deformed wing virus (dwv) in honey bees. | to determine the roles of varroa mites in activating or vectoring viral infections, we performed quantitative comparison of viral infections between bees with and without mites by dot blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). under natural and artificial mite infestations, bee pupae contained significantly higher levels of kashmir bee virus (kbv) and deformed wing virus (dwv) rnas and kbv structural proteins than mite-free pupae. moreover, in mite-infested bee pupae, dwv had a ... | 2005 | 16109435 |
| impact of an ectoparasite on the immunity and pathology of an invertebrate: evidence for host immunosuppression and viral amplification. | varroa mites (varroa destructor) are ectoparasites of honey bees (apis mellifera) and cause serious damage to bee colonies. the mechanism of how varroa mites kill honey bees remains unclear. we have addressed the effects of the mites on bee immunity and the replication of a picorna-like virus, the deformed wing virus (dwv). the expression of genes encoding three antimicrobial peptides (abaecin, defensin, and hymenoptaecin) and four immunity-related enzymes (phenol oxidase, glucose dehydrogenase, ... | 2005 | 15897457 |
| development of a rapid and sensitive rt-pcr method for the detection of deformed wing virus, a pathogen of the honeybee (apis mellifera). | | 2005 | 15683775 |
| immunolocalization of deformed wing virus particles within the mite varroa destructor. | deformed wing virus (dwv) induces wing deformation when bees are infected during their pupal development. field observations and laboratory experiments suggest that the mite varroa destructor is a vector of the virus. moreover, it has been stated that dwv replicates within this mite. in order to understand the role of v. destructor in the transmission of dwv, the objective of this work was to locate the sites of retention and/or replication of dwv within the mite by immunohistochemistry. there w ... | 2008 | 18559939 |
| quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr analysis of deformed wing virus infection in the honeybee (apis mellifera l.). | deformed wing virus (dwv) can cause wing deformity and premature death in adult honeybees, although like many other bee viruses, dwv generally persists as a latent infection with no apparent symptoms. using reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and southern hybridization, we detected dwv in all life stages of honeybees, including adults with and without deformed wings. we also found dwv in the parasitic mite varroa destructor, suggesting that this mite may be involved in the transmission of dwv. howeve ... | 2005 | 15640219 |
| complete sequence of a picorna-like virus of the genus iflavirus replicating in the mite varroa destructor. | aggregations of 27 nm virus-like particles were observed in electron microscopy images of sectioned varroa destructor mite tissue. the scattered occurrence of individual particles and accumulation of the virions in lattices in the cytoplasm gave an apparent indication that the virus replicates in the mite. sequence analysis of the rna of the purified virus revealed a genome organization with high similarity to that of members of the genus iflavirus. phylogenetic analysis of the polymerase showed ... | 2004 | 15557248 |
| distribution of deformed wing virus within honey bee (apis mellifera) brood cells infested with the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor. | the distribution of deformed wing virus (dwv) in adult female varroa destructor and in their progeny in relation to the pupal host bee was investigated to evaluate acquisition and transfer of dwv by the mites. the results clearly show that adult female mites regularly act as competent vectors of dwv, however, they do not acquire or transfer virus on all possible occasions. mother mites may contain dwv while the pupal host remains free from overt infection and both mother mites and mite progeny m ... | 2003 | 14635815 |
| the transmission of deformed wing virus between honeybees (apis mellifera l.) by the ectoparasitic mite varroa jacobsoni oud | under field conditions, varroa jacobsoni were shown to be highly effective vectors of deformed wing virus (dwv) between bees. adult female mites obtained from honeybee pupae naturally infected with dwv contained virus titers many times in excess of those found in their hosts and, beyond that, which might be expected from a concentration effect. it is therefore possible that dwv may be capable of replicating within v. jacobsoni. bees which tested positive for dwv exhibited characteristic morpholo ... | 1999 | 9878295 |
| a sensitive one-step real-time rt-pcr method for detection of deformed wing virus and black queen cell virus in honeybee apis mellifera. | a one-step real-time rt-pcr based on sybr green (sg) chemistry was developed for the detection, differentiation and quantification of two of the most common viruses on the honeybee apis mellifera l., deformed wing virus and black queen cell virus. two sets of primers specific for each virus, were designed in conserved regions of the viral genome for their use in the one-step real-time rt-pcr. both reactions were optimized for highest sensitivity and specificity and sg-based real-time was used to ... | 2008 | 17964669 |
| vertical-transmission routes for deformed wing virus of honeybees (apis mellifera). | deformed wing virus (dwv) is a viral pathogen of the european honeybee (apis mellifera), associated with clinical symptoms and colony collapse when transmitted by the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor. in the absence of v. destructor, dwv infection does not result in visible symptoms, suggesting that mite-independent transmission results in covert infections. true covert infections are a known infection strategy for insect viruses, resulting in long-term persistence of the virus in the popula ... | 2007 | 17622639 |
| localization of deformed wing virus (dwv) in the brains of the honeybee, apis mellifera linnaeus. | deformed wing virus (dwv) is a positive-strand rna virus that infects european honeybees (apis mellifera l.) and has been isolated from the brains of aggressive bees in japan. dwv is known to be transmitted both vertically and horizontally between bees in a colony and can lead to both symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in bees. in environmentally stressful conditions, dwv can contribute to the demise of a honeybee colony. the purpose of the current study is to identify regions within the br ... | 2009 | 19878557 |
| phylogenetic analysis of deformed wing virus genotypes from diverse geographic origins indicates recent global distribution of the virus. | honeybees originating from 10 different countries (austria, poland, germany, hungary, slovenia, nepal, sri lanka, the united arab emirates, canada, and new zealand) located on four continents were analyzed for the presence of deformed wing virus (dwv) nucleic acid by reverse transcription-pcr. two target regions within the dwv genome were selected for pcr amplification and subsequent sequencing, i.e., a region within the putative vp2 and vp4 structural-protein genes and a region within the rna h ... | 2007 | 17435003 |
| molecular approaches to the analysis of deformed wing virus replication and pathogenesis in the honey bee, apis mellifera. | for years, the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie honey bee viral diseases has been severely hindered because of the lack of a cell culture system for virus propagation. as a result, it is very imperative to develop new methods that would permit the in vitro pathogenesis study of honey bee viruses. the identification of virus replication is an important step towards the understanding of the pathogenesis process of viruses in their respective hosts. in the present study, w ... | 2009 | 20003360 |
| development of improved molecular methods for the detection of deformed wing virus (dwv) in honeybees (apis mellifera l.) and mites ( varroa destructor oud.). | a simple and rapid method for the extraction of total nucleic acid from honeybee and mite, useful either as template for rt-pcr or in nucleic acids hybridization, was developed. sensitivity of the methods were evaluated up to 10(9) and 10(6) dilution of tnas extracted from a single honeybee, for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and molecular hybridization respectively. the two diagnostic methods developed could be useful for the study of the molecular biology and the pathology of ... | 2006 | 17385533 |
| effects of parasitization by varroa destructor on survivorship and physiological traits of apis mellifera in correlation with viral incidence and microbial challenge. | varroa mites (varroa destructor) are serious ectoparasites of honey bees (apis mellifera). this research addresses the impact of varroa mites on survivorship, viral incidence, and physiological traits of newly-emerged worker bees. rt-pcr confirmed our previous finding that varroa parasitization was linked to high levels of deformed wing virus (dwv). in non-treatment bees, varroa parasitization combined with increased viral levels altered survivorship curves from long-survival to shorter-survival ... | 2007 | 17078903 |
| prevalence and phylogeny of kakugo virus, a novel insect picorna-like virus that infects the honeybee (apis mellifera l.), under various colony conditions. | we previously identified a novel insect picorna-like virus, termed kakugo virus (kv), from the brains of aggressive worker honeybees that had counterattacked a giant hornet. to survey the prevalence of kv in worker populations engaged in various labors, we quantified kv genomic rna. kv was detected specifically from aggressive workers in some colonies, while it was also detected from other worker populations in other colonies where the amount of kv detected in the workers was relatively high, su ... | 2006 | 16971448 |
| deformed wing virus is not related to honey bees' aggressiveness. | guards of cyprian honey bee colonies, apis mellifera cypria, display a great defensive behaviour against hornets' attacks. the deformed wing virus (dwv) and the kakugo virus (kv) genomes are very similar, but unlike kv, the presence of dwv is not related to honey bees' aggressiveness. this discrepancy is further discussed. | 2006 | 16942620 |
| molecular and biological characterization of deformed wing virus of honeybees (apis mellifera l.). | deformed wing virus (dwv) of honeybees (apis mellifera) is closely associated with characteristic wing deformities, abdominal bloating, paralysis, and rapid mortality of emerging adult bees. the virus was purified from diseased insects, and its genome was cloned and sequenced. the genomic rna of dwv is 10,140 nucleotides in length and contains a single large open reading frame encoding a 328-kda polyprotein. the coding sequence is flanked by a 1,144-nucleotide 5' nontranslated leader sequence an ... | 2006 | 16641291 |
| occurrence of six honeybee viruses in diseased austrian apiaries. | the occurrence, prevalence, and distribution patterns of acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), black queen cell virus (bqcv), chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv), deformed wing virus (dwv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and sacbrood virus (sbv) were investigated in 90 austrian honeybee colonies suffering from symptoms of depopulation, sudden collapse, paralysis, or dark coloring by employing reverse transcription-pcr. infestation with parasites was also recorded. the samples originated from all parts of a ... | 2006 | 16597939 |
| localization of deformed wing virus infection in queen and drone apis mellifera l. | the distribution of deformed wing virus infection within the honey bee reproductive castes (queens, drones) was investigated by in situ hybridization and immunohistology from paraffin embedded sections. digoxygenin or cy5.5 fluorochrome end-labelled nucleotide probes hybridizing to the 3' portion of the dwv genome were used to identify dwv rna, while a monospecific antibody to the dwv-vp1 structural protein was used to identify viral proteins and particles. the histological data were confirmed b ... | 2006 | 16569216 |
| venereal and vertical transmission of deformed wing virus in honeybees (apis mellifera l.). | deformed wing virus (dwv) infected semen was used for artificial insemination of dwv-free virgin queens. high titres of dwv could subsequently be detected not only in the spermatheca, but also in the ovaries, demonstrating venereal transmission of dwv in honey bees. subsequent vertical transmission of the virus to the progeny of dwv infected queens was also demonstrated. neither transmission route is 100% effective. whether venereal transmission of dwv occurs during natural mating remains to be ... | 2008 | 18358488 |
| occurrence and genetic analysis of picorna-like viruses infecting worker bees of apis mellifera l. populations in devon, south west england. | viruses of the european honeybee, apis mellifera l. are known to reside at low levels in colonies, typically showing no apparent signs of infection. using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr), 23 apiaries in devon were screened for the presence of 6 honeybee viruses, with positive colonies being analysed for viral genetic diversity. ninety-seven percent of the colonies were positive for deformed wing virus (dwv), 29% were positive for acute bee paralysis virus (abpv) and 1.4% were positive for bot ... | 2008 | 18359042 |
| detection of multiple viruses in queens of the honey bee apis mellifera l. | individual honey bee apis mellifera l. queens were examined for the presence of six honey bee viruses including acute bee paralysis virus, chronic bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, kashmir bee virus, and sacbrood virus. all viruses, except abpv, were detected in the samples. among queens examined for virus infections, 93% had multiple virus infections. the detection of viruses in queens raises the possibility of a vertical transmission pathway wherein infected que ... | 2005 | 16214161 |
| short-term fumigation of honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) colonies with formic and acetic acids for the control of varroa destructor (acari: varroidae). | controlling populations of varroa mites is crucial for the survival of the beekeeping industry. many treatments exist, and all are designed to kill mites on adult bees. because the majority of mites are found under capped brood, most treatments are designed to deliver active ingredients over an extended period to control mites on adult bees, as developing bees and mites emerge. in this study, a 17-h application of 50% formic acid effectively killed mites in capped worker brood and on adult bees ... | 2008 | 18459386 |
| virus infections in brazilian honey bees. | this work describes the first molecular-genetic evidence for viruses in brazilian honey bee samples. three different bee viruses, acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), black queen cell virus (bqcv), and deformed wing virus (dwv) were identified during a screening of rnas from 1920 individual adult bees collected in a region of southeastern brazil that has recently shown unusual bee declines. abpv was detected in 27.1% of colony samples, while bqcv and dwv were found in 37% and 20.3%, respectively. t ... | 2008 | 18471826 |
| deformed wing virus associated with tropilaelaps mercedesae infesting european honey bees (apis mellifera). | mites in the genus tropilaelaps (acari: laelapidae) are ectoparasites of the brood of honey bees (apis spp.). different tropilaelaps subspecies were originally described from apis dorsata, but a host switch occurred to the western honey bee, apis mellifera, for which infestations can rapidly lead to colony death. tropilaelaps is hence considered more dangerous to a. mellifera than the parasitic mite varroa destructor. honey bees are also infected by many different viruses, some of them associate ... | 2009 | 18941909 |
| survey of six bee viruses using rt-pcr in northern thailand. | six honey bee viruses were surveyed using rt-pcr in northern thailand where about 80% of thai apiaries are located. tested samples were found to be positive for deformed wing virus (dwv), acute bee paralysis virus (abpv), sacbrood virus (sbv) and kashmir bee virus (kbv). in the collected samples, neither chronic bee paralysis virus nor black queen cell virus nucleic acids could be detected. it was found that dwv was the most widespread and abpv was the second most prevalent. kashmir bee virus wa ... | 2009 | 19105966 |
| multiple virus infections in the honey bee and genome divergence of honey bee viruses. | using uniplex rt-pcr we screened honey bee colonies for the presence of several bee viruses, including black queen cell virus (bqcv), deformed wing virus (dwv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), and sacbrood virus (sbv), and described the detection of mixed virus infections in bees from these colonies. we report for the first time that individual bees can harbor four viruses simultaneously. we also developed a multiplex rt-pcr assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple bee viruses. the feasibility ... | 2004 | 15579317 |
| prevalence and seasonal variations of six bee viruses in apis mellifera l. and varroa destructor mite populations in france. | a survey of six bee viruses on a large geographic scale was undertaken by using seemingly healthy bee colonies and the pcr technique. samples of adult bees and pupae were collected from 36 apiaries in the spring, summer, and autumn during 2002. varroa destructor samples were collected at the end of summer following acaricide treatment. in adult bees, during the year deformed wing virus (dwv) was found at least once in 97% of the apiaries, sacbrood virus (sbv) was found in 86% of the apiaries, ch ... | 2004 | 15574916 |
| detection of a honeybee iflavirus with intermediate characteristics between kakugo virus and deformed wing virus. | iflavirus rna was detected in honeybee colonies displaying unduly aggressive behavior and with no evidence of morphological alterations. sequence analysis of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) revealed that the iflavirus strain was more similar (> 99% aa) to deformed wing virus (dwv), that has been associated with morphological alterations in bees, rather than to the newly-described kakugo virus (kv) (about 95% aa), that has been associated with increased aggressiveness. therefore, the ifla ... | 2008 | 19123297 |
| changes in transcript abundance relating to colony collapse disorder in honey bees (apis mellifera). | colony collapse disorder (ccd) is a mysterious disappearance of honey bees that has beset beekeepers in the united states since late 2006. pathogens and other environmental stresses, including pesticides, have been linked to ccd, but a causal relationship has not yet been demonstrated. because the gut acts as a primary interface between the honey bee and its environment as a site of entry for pathogens and toxins, we used whole-genome microarrays to compare gene expression between guts of bees f ... | 2009 | 19706391 |
| deformed wing virus implicated in overwintering honeybee colony losses. | the worldwide decline in honeybee colonies during the past 50 years has often been linked to the spread of the parasitic mite varroa destructor and its interaction with certain honeybee viruses. recently in the united states, dramatic honeybee losses (colony collapse disorder) have been reported; however, there remains no clear explanation for these colony losses, with parasitic mites, viruses, bacteria, and fungal diseases all being proposed as possible candidates. common characteristics that m ... | 2009 | 19783750 |
| presence and prevalence of viruses in local and migratory honeybees (apis mellifera) in massachusetts. | migratory and local bees in massachusetts were analyzed for seven viruses. three were detected: black queen cell virus (bqcv), deformed wing virus (dwv), and sacbrood virus (sbv). dwv was most common, followed closely by bqcv and then by sbv. bqcv and sbv were present at significantly higher rates in the migratory bees assayed, bringing into question the impact that these bees have on the health of local bee populations. | 2009 | 19854916 |
| deformed wing virus. | deformed wing virus (dwv; iflaviridae) is one of many viruses infecting honeybees and one of the most heavily investigated due to its close association with honeybee colony collapse induced by varroadestructor. in the absence of v.destructor dwv infection does not result in visible symptoms or any apparent negative impact on host fitness. however, for reasons that are still not fully understood, the transmission of dwv by v.destructor to the developing pupae causes clinical symptoms, including p ... | 2010 | 19909976 |
| medium for development of bee cell cultures (apis mellifera: hymenoptera: apidae). | a media for the production of cell cultures from hymenopteran species such as honey bee, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae) was developed. multiple bee cell cultures were produced when using bee larvae and pupae as starting material and modified hert-hunter 70 media. cell culture systems for bees solves an impasse that has hindered efforts to isolate and screen pathogens which may be influencing or causing colony collapse disorder of bees. multiple life stages of maturing larvae to early pu ... | 2010 | 20033792 |
| first molecular detection of a viral pathogen in ugandan honey bees. | ugandan honey bees (apis mellifera l.) produce honey, and are key pollinators within commercial crops and natural ecosystems. real-time rt-pcr was used to screen immature and adult bees collected from 63 beekeeping sites across uganda for seven viral pathogens. no samples tested positive for chronic bee paralysis virus, sacbrood virus, deformed wing virus, acute bee paralysis virus, apis iridescent virus or israeli acute paralysis virus. however, black queen cell virus (bqcv) was found in 35.6% ... | 2010 | 20219470 |
| the effect of diet on protein concentration, hypopharyngeal gland development and virus load in worker honey bees (apis mellifera l.). | elucidating the mechanisms by which honey bees process pollen vs. protein supplements are important in the generation of artificial diets needed to sustain managed honeybees. we measured the effects of diet on protein concentration, hypopharyngeal gland development and virus titers in worker honey bees fed either pollen, a protein supplement (megabee), or a protein-free diet of sugar syrup. workers consumed more pollen than protein supplement, but protein amounts and size of hypopharyngeal gland ... | 2010 | 20346950 |
| emerging and re-emerging viruses of the honey bee (apis mellifera l.). | until the late 1980s, specific viral infections of the honey bee were generally considered harmless in all countries. then, with the worldwide introduction of the ectoparasite mite varroa destructor, beekeepers encountered increasing difficulties in maintaining their colonies. epidemiological surveys and laboratory experiments have demonstrated that the newly acquired virulence of several viruses belonging to the family dicistroviridae (acute bee paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and israeli ac ... | 2010 | 20423694 |
| multiplex rt-pcr with broad-range primers and an exogenous internal amplification control for the detection of honeybee viruses in bumblebees. | bumblebees are commercially reared and transported worldwide mainly for pollination of greenhouse tomatoes. three honeybee viruses have been reported in bumblebees: acute bee paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and deformed wing virus. we developed a multiplex rt-pcr with primers designed on highly conserved regions of the rna-dependent rna polymerase in order to detect a maximum range of viral variants. rearing facilities and governmental organizations can now thoroughly screen bumblebee colonie ... | 2010 | 20600092 |
| sudden deaths and colony population decline in greek honey bee colonies. | during june and july of 2009, sudden deaths, tremulous movements and population declines of adult honey bees were reported by the beekeepers in the region of peloponnesus (mt. mainalo), greece. a preliminary study was carried out to investigate these unexplained phenomena in this region. in total, 37 bee samples, two brood frames containing honey bee brood of various ages, eight sugar samples and four sugar patties were collected from the affected colonies. the samples were tested for a range of ... | 2010 | 20804765 |
| recombinants between deformed wing virus and varroa destructor virus-1 may prevail in varroa destructor-infested honeybee colonies. | we have used high-throughput illumina sequencing to identify novel recombinants between deformed wing virus (dwv) and varroa destructor virus-1 (vdv-1), which accumulate to higher levels than dwv in both honeybees and varroa destructor mites. the recombinants, vdv-1(vvd) and vdv-1(dvd), exhibit crossovers between the 5'-utr and the regions encoding the structural (capsid) and non-structural viral proteins. this implies that the genomes are modular and that each region may evolve independently, a ... | 2010 | 20926636 |
| horizontal transmission of deformed wing virus: pathological consequences in adult bees (apis mellifera) depend on the transmission route. | recent reports on a steady decline of honeybee colonies in several parts of the world caused great concern. there is a consensus that pathogens are among the key players in this alarming demise of the most important commercial pollinator. one of the pathogens heavily implicated in colony losses is deformed wing virus (dwv). overt dwv infections manifested as deformed-wing syndrome started to become a threat to honeybees only in the wake of the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor, which horizont ... | 2010 | 20965988 |
| rna viruses in hymenopteran pollinators: evidence of inter-taxa virus transmission via pollen and potential impact on non-apis hymenopteran species. | although overall pollinator populations have declined over the last couple of decades, the honey bee (apis mellifera) malady, colony collapse disorder (ccd), has caused major concern in the agricultural community. among honey bee pathogens, rna viruses are emerging as a serious threat and are suspected as major contributors to ccd. recent detection of these viral species in bumble bees suggests a possible wider environmental spread of these viruses with potential broader impact. it is therefore ... | 2010 | 21203504 |
| honeybee viruses in uruguay. | mortality of honeybees is a serious problem that beekeepers have to face periodically in uruguay and worldwide. the presence of rna viruses, in addition to other pathogens may be one of its possible causes. in this work, we detected chronic bee paralysis virus, acute bee paralysis virus, black queen cell virus, sacbrood virus and deformed wing virus in samples of uruguayan honeybees with or without varroa destructor and nosema apis. the detection of viruses in different provinces, simultaneous c ... | 2006 | 16843485 |
| viruses associated with ovarian degeneration in apis mellifera l. queens. | queen fecundity is a critical issue for the health of honeybee (apis mellifera l.) colonies, as she is the only reproductive female in the colony and responsible for the constant renewal of the worker bee population. any factor affecting the queen's fecundity will stagnate colony development, increasing its susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens. we discovered a pathology affecting the ovaries, characterized by a yellow discoloration concentrated in the apex of the ovaries resulting from dege ... | 2011 | 21283547 |
| detection of honey bee (apis mellifera) viruses with an oligonucleotide microarray. | in recent years, declines in honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies have been observed to varying degrees worldwide with the worst losses in the usa being termed colony collapse disorder (ccd). pathogen load and the prevalence of honey bee viruses have been implicated in these losses and many diseased hives have multiple viruses present. we have designed and tested an oligonucleotide microarray which enables the simultaneous detection of nine honey bee viruses: acute bee paralysis virus, black q ... | 2011 | 21419132 |
| sampling and rna quality for diagnosis of honey bee viruses using quantitative pcr. | molecular diagnoses of pathogens via ribonucleic acid (rna) signatures are used widely in honey bee pathology. such diagnoses can be compromised by ubiquitous and endogenous rna-degrading enzymes activated after the death of sampled bees. rna degradation can be minimized by storage at ultra-cold temperatures or by immersion in high-salt buffers. however, these methods are not always available in the field or are costly, driving a search for alternative methods to store and transport bees for rna ... | 2011 | 21473885 |
| molecular and biological characterization of chinese sacbrood virus ln isolate. | chinese sacbrood virus (csbv) was purified from diseased insects, and its genome was cloned and sequenced. the genomic rna of csbv is 8863 nucleotides in length and contains a single large open reading frame encoding a 319.614 kda polyprotein. the coding sequence is flanked by a 178-nucleotide 5' nontranslated leader sequence and a 142-nucleotide 3' nontranslated region, followed a poly(a) tail. four major structural proteins, vp1,vp2, vp3 and vp4, were predicted in the n-teminal of the polyprot ... | 2011 | 21527980 |
| replication of varroa destructor virus 1 (vdv-1) and a varroa destructor virus 1-deformed wing virus recombinant (vdv-1-dwv) in the head of the honey bee. | a country-wide screen for viral pathogens in israeli apiaries revealed significant incidence of deformed wing virus (dwv) and varroa destructor-1 virus (vdv-1). to understand these viruses' possible involvement in deformed wing syndrome of honey bees, we studied their replication in symptomatically and asymptomatically infected bees qualitatively and quantitatively, using rt-pcr, quantitative real-time rt-pcr, and immunodetection of the major viral capsid protein vp1. we found, for the first tim ... | 2011 | 21652054 |
| polar tube protein gene diversity among nosema ceranae strains derived from a greek honey bee health study. | honey bee samples from 54 apiaries originating from 37 geographic locations of greece were screened for nosema apis and nosema ceranae. furthermore 15 samples coming from 12 geographic locations were screened also for paenibacilluslarvae and melissococcus plutonius and seven honey bee virus species, for the first time on a nation-wide level. there was a tendency in finding proportionally higher spore counts in samples from apiaries that suffered important colony losses. p. larvae bacteria were i ... | 2011 | 21802424 |
| lower virus infections in varroa destructor-infested and uninfested brood and adult honey bees (apis mellifera) of a low mite population growth colony compared to a high mite population growth colony. | a comparison was made of the prevalence and relative quantification of deformed wing virus (dwv), israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv), black queen cell virus (bqcv), kashmir bee virus (kbv), acute bee paralysis virus (abpv) and sac brood virus (sbv) in brood and adult honey bees (apis mellifera) from colonies selected for high (hmp) and low (lmp) varroa destructor mite population growth. two viruses, abpv and sbv, were never detected. for adults without mite infestation, dwv, iapv, bqcv and kbv ... | 2015 | 25723540 |
| deformed wing virus: replication and viral load in mites (varroa destructor). | deformed wing virus (dwv) normally causes covert infections but can have devastating effects on bees by inducing morphological deformity or even death when transmitted by the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor. in order to determine the role of v. destructor in the development of crippled wings, we analysed individual mites for the presence and replication of dwv. the results supported the correlation between viral replication in mites and morphologically deformed bees. quantification of viral ... | 2009 | 19141457 |
| deformed wing virus in western honey bees (apis mellifera) from atlantic canada and the first description of an overtly-infected emerging queen. | deformed wing virus (dwv) in western honey bees (apis mellifera) often remains asymptomatic in workers and drones, and symptoms have never been described from queens. however, intense infections linked to parasitism by the mite varroa destructor can cause worker wing deformity and death within 67 h of emergence. ten workers (eight with deformed wings and two with normal wings) and three drones (two with deformed wings and one with normal wings) from two colonies infected with v. destructor from ... | 2009 | 19373971 |
| acaricide treatment affects viral dynamics in varroa destructor-infested honey bee colonies via both host physiology and mite control. | honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies are declining, and a number of stressors have been identified that affect, alone or in combination, the health of honey bees. the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor, honey bee viruses that are often closely associated with the mite, and pesticides used to control the mite population form a complex system of stressors that may affect honey bee health in different ways. during an acaricide treatment using apistan (plastic strips coated with tau-fluvalinate), w ... | 2012 | 22020517 |
| infestation of japanese native honey bees by tracheal mite and virus from non-native european honey bees in japan. | invasion of alien species has been shown to cause detrimental effects on habitats of native species. insect pollinators represent such examples; the introduction of commercial bumble bee species for crop pollination has resulted in competition for an ecological niche with native species, genetic disturbance caused by mating with native species, and pathogen spillover to native species. the european honey bee, apis mellifera, was first introduced into japan for apiculture in 1877, and queen bees ... | 2011 | 21960435 |
| new evidence that deformed wing virus and black queen cell virus are multi-host pathogens. | the host-range breadth of pathogens can have important consequences for pathogens' long term evolution and virulence, and play critical roles in the emergence and spread of the new diseases. black queen cell virus (bqcv) and deformed wing virus (dwv) are the two most common and prevalent viruses in european honey bees, apis mellifera. here we provide the evidence that bqcv and dwv infect wild species of honey bees, apis florea and apis dorsata. phylogenetic analyses suggest that these viruses mi ... | 2012 | 22001629 |
| evidence for damage-dependent hygienic behaviour towards varroa destructor-parasitised brood in the western honey bee, apis mellifera. | the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor and honey bee pathogenic viruses have been implicated in the recent demise of honey bee colonies. several studies have shown that the combination of v. destructor and deformed wing virus (dwv) poses an especially serious threat to honey bee health. mites transmitting virulent forms of dwv may cause fatal dwv infections in the developing bee, while pupae parasitised by mites not inducing or activating overt dwv infections may develop normally. adult bees r ... | 2012 | 22189770 |
| Occurrence and prevalence of seven bee viruses in Apis mellifera and Apis cerana apiaries in China. | Populations of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in China were surveyed for seven bee viruses: acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV), deformed wing virus (DWV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), sacbrood virus (SBV), and Isreal acute paralysis virus (IAPV). No KBV was detected from any samples of the two species. In A. mellifera, DWV was the most prevalent virus, but in A. cerana, SBV was the dominant. Simultaneous multiple infections of viruses ... | 2012 | 22062807 |
| a new threat to honey bees, the parasitic phorid fly apocephalus borealis. | honey bee colonies are subject to numerous pathogens and parasites. interaction among multiple pathogens and parasites is the proposed cause for colony collapse disorder (ccd), a syndrome characterized by worker bees abandoning their hive. here we provide the first documentation that the phorid fly apocephalus borealis, previously known to parasitize bumble bees, also infects and eventually kills honey bees and may pose an emerging threat to north american apiculture. parasitized honey bees show ... | 2012 | 22235317 |
| prevalence of nosema and virus in honey bee (apis mellifera l.) colonies on flowering period of acacia in korea. | honey production from approximately 1.6 million colonies owned by about 199,000 korean beekeepers was almost 23,000 metric tons in 2009. nosema causes significant losses in honey production and the virus decreases population size. we initiated a survey of honey bee colonies on the blooming period of acacia to determine the prevalence of nosema and virus in 2011. most korean beekeepers have moved from the south to north of korea to get acacia nectar for 2 mon. this provided a valuable opportunity ... | 2011 | 22783125 |
| virus infection causes specific learning deficits in honeybee foragers. | in both mammals and invertebrates, virus infections can impair a broad spectrum of physiological functions including learning and memory formation. in contrast to the knowledge on the conserved mechanisms underlying learning, the effects of virus infection on different aspects of learning are barely known. we use the honeybee (apis mellifera), a well-established model system for studying learning, to investigate the impact of deformed wing virus (dwv) on learning. injection of dwv into the haemo ... | 2007 | 17439851 |
| dynamics of persistent and acute deformed wing virus infections in honey bees, apis mellifera. | the dynamics of viruses are critical to our understanding of disease pathogenesis. using honey bee deformed wing virus (dwv) as a model, we conducted field and laboratory studies to investigate the roles of abiotic and biotic stress factors as well as host health conditions in dynamics of virus replication in honey bees. the results showed that temperature decline could lead to not only significant decrease in the rate for pupae to emerge as adult bees, but also an increased severity of the viru ... | 2011 | 22355447 |
| clinical signs of deformed wing virus infection are predictive markers for honey bee colony losses. | the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor acting as a virus vector constitutes a central mechanism for losses of managed honey bee, apis mellifera, colonies. this creates demand for an easy, accurate and cheap diagnostic tool to estimate the impact of viruliferous mites in the field. here we evaluated whether the clinical signs of the ubiquitous and mite-transmitted deformed wing virus (dwv) can be predictive markers of winter losses. in fall and winter 2007/2008, a.m. carnica workers with appare ... | 2012 | 23270875 |
| the use of rna-dependent rna polymerase for the taxonomic assignment of picorna-like viruses (order picornavirales) infecting apis mellifera l. populations. | single-stranded rna viruses, infectious to the european honeybee, apis mellifera l. are known to reside at low levels in colonies, with typically no apparent signs of infection observed in the honeybees. reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) of regions of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) is often used to diagnose their presence in apiaries and also to classify the type of virus detected. | 2008 | 18211671 |
| a virulent strain of deformed wing virus (dwv) of honeybees (apis mellifera) prevails after varroa destructor-mediated, or in vitro, transmission. | the globally distributed ectoparasite varroa destructor is a vector for viral pathogens of the western honeybee (apis mellifera), in particular the iflavirus deformed wing virus (dwv). in the absence of varroa low levels dwv occur, generally causing asymptomatic infections. conversely, varroa-infested colonies show markedly elevated virus levels, increased overwintering colony losses, with impairment of pupal development and symptomatic workers. to determine whether changes in the virus populati ... | 2014 | 24968198 |
| [rt-pcr detection of deformed wing virus in the honey bee apis mellifera l. in the moscow region]. | deformed wing virus (dwv) was first detected in the honey bee apis mellifera by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pct) in the moscow region. molecular phylogenetic analysis of the detected nucleotide sequence of the virus fragment vp2-vp1 of dwv demonstrated that the russian virus sequence is united in the common cluster with all earlier revealed nucleotide sequences of dwv in the genbank worldwide, which confirms the previous conclusions that this virus has recently distribute ... | 2010 | 21260995 |
| increased tolerance and resistance to virus infections: a possible factor in the survival of varroa destructor-resistant honey bees (apis mellifera). | the honey bee ectoparasitic mite, varroa destructor, has a world-wide distribution and inflicts more damage than all other known apicultural diseases. however, varroa-induced colony mortality is more accurately a result of secondary virus infections vectored by the mite. this means that honey bee resistance to varroa may include resistance or tolerance to virus infections. the aim of this study was to see if this is the case for a unique population of mite-resistant (mr) european honey bees on t ... | 2014 | 24926792 |
| the iflaviruses sacbrood virus and deformed wing virus evoke different transcriptional responses in the honeybee which may facilitate their horizontal or vertical transmission. | sacbrood virus (sbv) and deformed wing virus (dwv) are evolutionarily related positive-strand rna viruses, members of the iflavirus group. they both infect the honeybee apis mellifera but have strikingly different levels of virulence when transmitted orally. honeybee larvae orally infected with sbv usually accumulate high levels of the virus, which halts larval development and causes insect death. in contrast, oral dwv infection at the larval stage usually causes asymptomatic infection with low ... | 2016 | 26819848 |
| first molecular detection of co-infection of honey bee viruses in asymptomatic bombus atratus in south america. | pollination is critical for food production and has the particularity of linking natural ecosystems with agricultural production systems. recently, losses of bumblebee species have been reported worldwide. in this study, samples from a commercial exploitation of bumblebees of argentina with a recent history of deaths were studied using a multiplex pcr for the detection of the honey bee viruses most frequently detected in south america. all samples analysed were positive for co-infections with de ... | 2013 | 24789396 |
| the honey bee pathosphere of mongolia: european viruses in central asia. | parasites and pathogens are apparent key factors for the detrimental health of managed european honey bee subspecies, apis mellifera. apicultural trade is arguably the main factor for the almost global distribution of most honey bee diseases, thereby increasing chances for multiple infestations/infections of regions, apiaries, colonies and even individual bees. this imposes difficulties to evaluate the effects of pathogens in isolation, thereby creating demand to survey remote areas. here, we co ... | 2016 | 26959221 |
| occurrence of deformed wing virus, chronic bee paralysis virus and mtdna variants in haplotype k of varroa destructor mites in syrian apiaries. | a small-scale survey was conducted on 64 beehives located in four governorates of syria in order to assess for the first time the presence of honeybee-infecting viruses and of varroa destructor mites in the country. rt-pcr assays conducted on 192 honeybees (apis mellifera l.) using virus-specific primers showed that deformed wing virus (dwv) was present in 49 (25.5%) of the tested samples and chronic bee paralysis virus (cbpv) in 2 (1.04%), whereas acute bee paralysis virus, sacbrood virus, blac ... | 2016 | 26914360 |
| prevalence of honeybee viruses in different regions of china and argentina. | honeybees are threatened by various pathogens and parasites. more than 18 viruses have been described in honeybees and many of them have been detected in china and argentina. in china, both apis cerana and apis mellifera are raised. in argentina, beekeepers raise different ecotypes of a. mellifera: european honeybees (in both temperate and subtropical regions) and africanised honeybees (in subtropical areas only). a thorough study was carried out in both china and argentina to analyse the curren ... | 2016 | 28332647 |
| virus infections of honeybees apis mellifera. | the health and vigour of honeybee colonies are threatened by numerous parasites (such as varroa destructor and nosema spp.) and pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa. among honeybee pathogens, viruses are one of the major threats to the health and well-being of honeybees and cause serious concern for researchers and beekeepers. to tone down the threats posed by these invasive organisms, a better understanding of bee viral infections will be of crucial importance in developing effectiv ... | 2015 | 27800411 |
| low prevalence of honeybee viruses in spain during 2006 and 2007. | rna viruses that affect honeybees have been involved in colony losses reported around the world. the aim of the present work was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of honeybee viruses during 2006-2007 in spanish professional apiaries, and their association with colony losses. four hundred and fifty-six samples from apiaries located in different geographic regions of spain were analyzed. thirty-seven percent of the samples had viral presence. most (80%) had one virus and 20% two differen ... | 2012 | 22513127 |
| in-depth proteomic analysis of varroa destructor: detection of dwv-complex, abpv, vdmlv and honeybee proteins in the mite. | we investigated pathogens in the parasitic honeybee mite varroa destructor using nanolc-ms/ms (tripletof) and 2d-e-ms/ms proteomics approaches supplemented with affinity-chromatography to concentrate trace target proteins. peptides were detected from the currently uncharacterized varroa destructor macula-like virus (vdmlv), the deformed wing virus (dwv)-complex and the acute bee paralysis virus (abpv). peptide alignments revealed detection of complete structural dwv-complex block vp2-vp1-vp3, vd ... | 2015 | 26358842 |
| vertical transmission of honey bee viruses in a belgian queen breeding program. | the member states of european union are encouraged to improve the general conditions for the production and marketing of apicultural products. in belgium, programmes on the restocking of honey bee hives have run for many years. overall, the success ratio of this queen breeding programme has been only around 50%. to tackle this low efficacy, we organized sanitary controls of the breeding queens in 2012 and 2014. | 2015 | 25889959 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of honey bee viruses, nosema microsporidia, protozoan parasites, and parasitic mites in china. | china has the largest number of managed honey bee colonies, which produce the highest quantity of honey and royal jelly in the world; however, the presence of honey bee pathogens and parasites has never been rigorously identified in chinese apiaries. we thus conducted a molecular survey of honey bee rna viruses, nosema microsporidia, protozoan parasites, and tracheal mites associated with nonnative apis mellifera ligustica and native apis cerana cerana colonies in china. we found the presence of ... | 2013 | 23467539 |
| cross-species infection of deformed wing virus poses a new threat to pollinator conservation. | the deformed wing virus (family iflaviridae, genus iflavirus, dwv), one of the most prevalent and common viruses in honey bees, apis mellifera l., is present in both laboratory-reared and wild populations of bumble bees, bombus huntii greene. our studies showed that dwv infection spreads throughout the entire body of b. huntii and that the concentration of dwv is higher in workers than in males both collected in the field and reared in the laboratory, implying a possible association between the ... | 2011 | 21735887 |
| negative correlation between nosema ceranae spore loads and deformed wing virus infection levels in adult honey bee workers. | interactions between pathogens might contribute to honey bee colony losses. here we investigated if there is an association between the microsporidian nosema ceranae and the deformed wing virus (dwv) in different body sections of individual honey bee workers (apis mellifera ligustica) under exclusion of the vector varroa destructor. our data provide correlational evidence for antagonistic interactions between the two pathogens in the midgut of the bees. | 2011 | 21939664 |
| Dead or alive: Deformed Wing Virus and Varroa destructor reduce the life span of winter honeybees. | Elevated winter losses of managed honey bee colonies are a major concern, but the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Among the suspects are the parasitic mite Varroa destructor, the microsporidian Nosema ceranae and associated viruses. Here, we hypothesize that pathogens reduce the life expectancy of winter bees, thereby constituting a proximate mechanism for colony losses. A monitoring of colonies was performed over six months in Switzerland from summer 2007 to winter 2007/2008. Indivi ... | 2011 | 22179240 |
| patterns of viral infection in honey bee queens. | the well-being of a colony and replenishment of the workers depends on a healthy queen. diseases in queens are seldom reported, and our knowledge on viral infection in queens is limited. in this study, 86 honey bee queens were collected from beekeepers in denmark. all queens were tested separately by two real-time pcrs: one for the presence of deformed wing virus (dwv), and one that would detect sequences of acute bee-paralysis virus, kashmir bee virus and israeli acute paralysis virus (aki comp ... | 2013 | 23223622 |
| pathogens as predictors of honey bee colony strength in england and wales. | inspectors with the uk national bee unit were asked for 2007-2008 to target problem apiaries in england and wales for pathogen screening and colony strength measures. healthy colonies were included in the sampling to provide a continuum of health conditions. a total of 406 adult bee samples was screened and yielded 7 viral, 1 bacterial, and 2 microsporidial pathogens and 1 ectoparasite (acarapis woodi). in addition, 108 samples of brood were screened and yielded 4 honey bee viruses. virus preval ... | 2015 | 26186735 |
| four categories of viral infection describe the health status of honey bee colonies. | honey bee virus prevalence data are an essential prerequisite for managing epidemic events in a population. a survey study was carried out for seven viruses in colonies representing a healthy danish honey bee population. in addition, colonies from apiaries with high level varroa infestation or high level of winter mortality were also surveyed. results from rt-qpcr showed a considerable difference of virus levels between healthy and sick colonies. in the group of healthy colonies, no virus was de ... | 2015 | 26448627 |
| diversity in a honey bee pathogen: first report of a third master variant of the deformed wing virus quasispecies. | treatment of emerging rna viruses is hampered by the high mutation and replication rates that enable these viruses to operate as a quasispecies. declining honey bee populations have been attributed to the ectoparasitic mite varroa destructor and its affiliation with deformed wing virus (dwv). in the current study we use next-generation sequencing to investigate the dwv quasispecies in an apiary known to suffer from overwintering colony losses. we show that the dwv species complex is made up of t ... | 2015 | 26574686 |
| differential responses of africanized and european honey bees (apis mellifera) to viral replication following mechanical transmission or varroa destructor parasitism. | for the first time, adults and brood of africanized and european honey bees (apis mellifera) were compared for relative virus levels over 48 h following varroa destructor parasitism or injection of v. destructor homogenate. rates of increase of deformed wing virus (dwv) for africanized versus european bees were temporarily lowered for 12h with parasitism and sustainably lowered over the entire experiment (48 h) with homogenate injection in adults. the rates were also temporarily lowered for 24h ... | 2015 | 25527405 |
| holistic screening of collapsing honey bee colonies in spain: a case study. | here we present a holistic screening of collapsing colonies from three professional apiaries in spain. colonies with typical honey bee depopulation symptoms were selected for multiple possible factors to reveal the causes of collapse. | 2014 | 25223634 |
| on the front line: quantitative virus dynamics in honeybee (apis mellifera l.) colonies along a new expansion front of the parasite varroa destructor. | over the past fifty years, annual honeybee (apis mellifera) colony losses have been steadily increasing worldwide. these losses have occurred in parallel with the global spread of the honeybee parasite varroa destructor. indeed, varroa mite infestations are considered to be a key explanatory factor for the widespread increase in annual honeybee colony mortality. the host-parasite relationship between honeybees and varroa is complicated by the mite's close association with a range of honeybee vir ... | 2014 | 25144447 |
| deformed wing virus can be transmitted during natural mating in honey bees and infect the queens. | deformed wing virus is an important contributor to honey bee colony losses. frequently queen failure is reported as a cause for colony loss. here we examine whether sexual transmission during multiple matings of queens is a possible way of virus infection in queens. in an environment with high prevalence of deformed wing virus, queens (n = 30) were trapped upon their return from natural mating flights. the last drone's endophallus (n = 29), if present, was removed from the mated queens for defor ... | 2016 | 27608961 |
| honeybee colony disorder in crop areas: the role of pesticides and viruses. | as in many other locations in the world, honeybee colony losses and disorders have increased in belgium. some of the symptoms observed rest unspecific and their causes remain unknown. the present study aims to determine the role of both pesticide exposure and virus load on the appraisal of unexplained honeybee colony disorders in field conditions. from july 2011 to may 2012, 330 colonies were monitored. honeybees, wax, beebread and honey samples were collected. morbidity and mortality informatio ... | 2014 | 25048715 |
| elevated virulence of an emerging viral genotype as a driver of honeybee loss. | emerging infectious diseases (eids) have contributed significantly to the current biodiversity crisis, leading to widespread epidemics and population loss. owing to genetic variation in pathogen virulence, a complete understanding of species decline requires the accurate identification and characterization of eids. we explore this issue in the western honeybee, where increasing mortality of populations in the northern hemisphere has caused major concern. specifically, we investigate the importan ... | 2016 | 27358367 |
| impact of managed honey bee viruses on wild bees. | several viruses found in the western honey bee (apis mellifera) have recently been detected in other bee species, raising the possibility of spill-over from managed to wild bee species. alternatively, these viruses may be shared generalists across flower-visiting insects. here we explore the former hypothesis, pointing out weaknesses in the current evidence, particularly in relation to deformed wing virus (dwv), and highlighting research areas that may help test it. data so far suggest that dwv ... | 2016 | 27351468 |
| honey bee apis mellifera parasites in the absence of nosema ceranae fungi and varroa destructor mites. | few areas of the world have western honey bee (apis mellifera) colonies that are free of invasive parasites nosema ceranae (fungi) and varroa destructor (mites). particularly detrimental is v. destructor; in addition to feeding on host haemolymph, these mites are important vectors of several viruses that are further implicated as contributors to honey bee mortality around the world. thus, the biogeography and attendant consequences of viral communities in the absence of v. destructor are of sign ... | 2014 | 24955834 |
| pathogenesis of varroosis at the level of the honey bee (apis mellifera) colony. | the parasitic mite varroa destructor, in interaction with different viruses, is the main cause of honey bee colony mortality in most parts of the world. here we studied how effects of individual-level parasitization are reflected by the bee colony as a whole. we measured disease progression in an apiary of 24 hives with differing degree of mite infestation, and investigated its relationship to 28 biometrical, physiological and biochemical indicators. in early summer, when the most heavily infest ... | 2016 | 27296894 |
| the ability to cause infection in a pathogenic fungus uncovers a new biological feature of honey bee viruses. | we demonstrated that honey bee viruses including deformed wing virus (dwv), black queen cell virus (bqcv) and israeli acute paralysis virus (iapv) could infect and replicate in the fungal pathogen ascosphaera apis that causes honey bee chalkbrood disease, revealing a novel biological feature of honey bee viruses. the phylogenetic analysis show that viruses of fungal and honey bee origins form two clusters in the phylogenetic trees distinctly and that host range of honey bee viruses is dynamic. f ... | 2014 | 24825460 |
| cross-species transmission of honey bee viruses in associated arthropods. | there are a number of rna virus pathogens that represent a serious threat to the health of managed honey bees (apis mellifera). that some of these viruses are also found in the broader pollinator community suggests the wider environmental spread of these viruses, with the potential for a broader impact on ecosystems. studies on the ecology and evolution of these viruses in the arthropod community as a whole may therefore provide important insights into these potential impacts. we examined manage ... | 2013 | 23845302 |
| the effects of pesticides on queen rearing and virus titers in honey bees (apis mellifera l.). | the effects of sublethal pesticide exposure on queen emergence and virus titers were examined. queen rearing colonies were fed pollen with chlorpyrifos (cpf) alone (pollen-1) and with cpf and the fungicide pristine(®) (pollen-2). fewer queens emerged when larvae from open foraging (i.e., outside) colonies were reared in colonies fed pollen-1 or 2 compared with when those larvae were reared in outside colonies. larvae grafted from and reared in colonies fed pollen-2 had lower rates of queen emerg ... | 2013 | 26466796 |
| the prevalence of parasites and pathogens in asian honeybees apis cerana in china. | pathogens and parasites represent significant threats to the health and well-being of honeybee species that are key pollinators of agricultural crops and flowers worldwide. we conducted a nationwide survey to determine the occurrence and prevalence of pathogens and parasites in asian honeybees, apis cerana, in china. our study provides evidence of infections of a. cerana by pathogenic deformed wing virus (dwv), black queen cell virus (bqcv), nosema ceranae, and c. bombi species that have been li ... | 2012 | 23144838 |