| effect of avarol, avarone and nine of their natural and synthetic derivatives on microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes. | avarol, a sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, its quinone avarone, both main secondary metabolites from the marine sponge dysidea avara and nine of their natural and synthetic derivatives were tested for ability to interact selectively with rat liver microsomal phenobarbital (pb)- or 3-methylcholanthrene (3-mc)-induced cytochrome (cyt.) p-450 isoenzymatic forms. ethoxy- and pentoxyresorufin, aminopyrine and ethoxycoumarin were the specific substrates used for assaying cyt. p-450-dependent mono-oxygena ... | 1991 | 1853363 |
| avarol, a cytostatically active compound from the marine sponge dysidea avara. | a main metabolic product of the sponge dysidea avara was isolated and purified and subsequently identified as avarol by applying a series of analytical techniques, e.g. [13c]nmr, [1h]nmr and i.r. spectroscopy. this sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone was found to possess strong cytostatic activity. using the l5178y mouse lymphoma cell system in vitro (roller tube assays) avarol reduced cell growth to 50% at a concentration of 0.9 microm. avarol treated cells did not show "unbalanced growth". avarol int ... | 1985 | 2858349 |
| inhibition of mitosis by avarol, a natural product isolated from the sponge dysidea avara. | avarol, a sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, is a cytostatic agent, isolated from the sponge dysidea avara. autoradiographic studies show that in vivo (l5178y mouse lymphoma cells) avarol changes the labelling index in favour of the fraction of unlabelled cells (from 1.24 to 1.04). at concentrations below the 50% inhibition dose, the mitotic index increases from 6.5 +/- 0.5 to 10.4 +/- 0.8; at higher concentrations the formation of mitotic figures is almost completely suppressed. in vitro studies app ... | 1985 | 4096684 |
| antimicrobial activity of avarol, a sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone from the marine sponge, dysidea avara. | | 1982 | 6800687 |
| avarol and avarone, two new anti-inflammatory agents of marine origin. | the anti-inflammatory activity of avarol and avarone, sesquiterpenoid derivatives from the mediterranean sponge dysidea avara, was investigated. both compounds potently inhibited paw oedema induced by carrageenan (approximated ed50 = 9.2 and 4.6 mg/kg, p.o., respectively) as well as ear oedema induced by 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (tpa; ed50 = 97 and 397 micrograms/ear, respectively) in mice, with effects comparable to those of indomethacin. in a23187-stimulated rat peritoneal leukocytes, ... | 1994 | 8013550 |
| application of cell culture for the production of bioactive compounds from sponges: synthesis of avarol by primmorphs from dysidea avara. | among all metazoan phyla, sponges are known to produce the largest number of bioactive compounds. however, until now, only one compound, arabinofuranosyladenine, has been approved for application in humans. one major obstacle is the limited availability of larger quantities of defined sponge starting material. recently, we introduced the in vitro culture of primmorphs from suberites domuncula, which contain proliferating cells. now we have established the primmorph culture also from the marine s ... | 2000 | 10978201 |
| isolation of sesquiterpenoids from sponge dysidea avara and chemical modification of avarol as potential antitumor agents. | the marine sponge dysidea avara contained avarol (1) and avarone (2). avarol on acylation yielded 2',5'-o-dibenzoylavarol (3); 2,5'-o-(4-chlorobenzoyl)avarol (4); 2,5'-o-dicinnamoylavarol (5); 2,5'-o-(4-bromobenzoyl)avarol(6); 2',5'-o-dioctanoylavarol (7); 2',5'-o-(4-fluorobenzoyl)avarol (8) and diacetylavarol (9). the structural elucidation of all the compounds 1-9 have been done by spectral analysis. the cytotoxicity of these compounds were also determined and evaluated. compounds 6 and 9 show ... | 2003 | 12713119 |
| quantitative assessment of natural toxicity in sponges: toxicity bioassay versus compound quantification. | microtox assay was used to assess the natural toxicity of two sponges, dysidea avara and ircinia variabilis. the activity of crude extracts and major metabolites were compared. methanol extract of d. avara was more toxic than that of acetone and was as toxic as pure avarol, thus suggesting that the toxicity of the sponge was mainly due to this metabolite. we also quantified palinurin, the major metabolite of i. variabilis, in specimens from several habitats. with the same methanol extracts used ... | 2003 | 12918917 |
| evaluation of the activity of the sponge metabolites avarol and avarone and their synthetic derivatives against fouling micro- and macroorganisms. | the sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol (1) was isolated from the marine sponge dysidea avara, whereas the corresponding quinone, avarone (2), was obtained by oxidation of avarol, and the significantly more lipophilic compounds [3'-(p-chloro-phenyl)avarone (3), 3',4'-ethylenedithioavarone (4), 4'-isopropylthioavarone (5), 4'-tert-butylthioavarone (6), 4'-propylthioavarone (7), 4'-octylthioavarone (8)] were obtained by nucleophilic addition of thiols or p-chloroaniline to avarone. all these compoun ... | 2007 | 17873837 |
| investigation of bacteria with polyketide synthase genes and antimicrobial activity isolated from south china sea sponges. | to obtain bacteria with pks (polyketide synthase) genes and antimicrobial activity from sponges. | 2009 | 19302490 |
| in situ aquaculture methods for dysidea avara (demospongiae, porifera) in the northwestern mediterranean. | marine sponges produce secondary metabolites that can be used as a natural source for the design of new drugs and cosmetics. there is, however, a supply problem with these natural substances for research and eventual commercialisation of the products. in situ sponge aquaculture is nowadays one of the most reliable methods to supply pharmaceutical companies with sufficient quantities of the target compound. in this study, we focus on the aquaculture of the sponge dysidea avara (schmidt, 1862), wh ... | 2010 | 20631865 |
| dysidavarones a-d, new sesquiterpene quinones from the marine sponge dysidea avara. | dysidavarones a-d (1-4), four new sesquiterpene quinones possessing the unprecedented "dysidavarane" carbon skeleton, were isolated from the south china sea sponge dysidea avara. the structures were established by spectroscopic methods, and the absolute configurations were determined using quantum mechanical calculation of the electronic circular dichroic (ecd) spectrum and exciton chirality cd method. their cytotoxic activity against four human cancer cell lines and ptp1b inhibitory activity we ... | 2011 | 22133022 |
| a new bioactive derivative of avarol from the marine sponge dysidea avara. | a new derivative of avarol, monoacetyl avarol, has been isolated from the sponge dysidea avara. the structural elucidation and biological activities are reported. | 2009 | 2778453 |
| sponge secondary metabolites: biochemical and ultrastructural localization of the antimitotic agent avarol in dysidea avara. | the secondary metabolite avarol, a potent cytostatic and antibacterial sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, is present in large amounts only in the sponge dysidea avara (2.7 g avarol/1 kg of fresh material). the present study was designed to determine the storage site of this compound within the organism. light and transmission electron microscopic studies revealed that avarol is probably stored only in spherular cells. the compound is compartmented in intracellular cytoplasmic vesicles in a paracrysta ... | 2013 | 3782777 |
| the role of aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase in bacillamide c biosynthesis by bacillus atrophaeus c89. | for biosynthesis of bacillamide c by bacillus atrophaeus c89 associated with south china sea sponge dysidea avara, it is hypothesized that decarboxylation from l-tryptophan to tryptamine could be performed before amidation by the downstream aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (aadc) to the non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps) gene cluster for biosynthesizing bacillamide c. the structural analysis of decarboxylases' known substrates in kegg database and alignment analysis of amino acid sequen ... | 2013 | 23628927 |
| draft genome sequence of the sponge-associated strain bacillus atrophaeus c89, a potential producer of marine drugs. | bacillus atrophaeus c89, isolated from the marine sponge dysidea avara, is a potential producer of bioactive compounds, such as neobacillamide a and bacillamide c. here, we present a 4.2-mb assembly of its genome. the nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrpss) make it possible to produce the bioactive compounds. | 2012 | 22843588 |
| cyclic dipeptides produced by marine sponge-associated bacteria as quorum sensing signals. | four bacterial strains belonging to the genera vibrio, pseudoalteromonas and photobacterium were isolated from the marine sponges dysidea avara and geodia cynodium. a bacillus strain was isolated from ircinia variabilis. a screening of molecules involved in quorum sensing (qs) was carried out by tlc-overlay and a new "plate t-streak" test. to analyze quorum quenching (qq), a plate t-streak was performed with chromobacterium violaceum. strains of vibrio isolated from both marine sponges and a str ... | 2014 | 24689298 |
| further in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the marine sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol. | this work extends in vitro screening of antimicrobial activity of the sesquiterpene hydroquinone avarol, a main secondary metabolite of the mediterranean sponge species dysidea avara. the antimicrobial activity was in part evaluated by microdilution method against selected bacterial and fungal strains. additionally, the screening included evaluation of anti-quorum sensing (anti-qs) effects. at a different extent avarol was proven to be active against all the microorganisms tested (mic 0.002-0.00 ... | 2014 | 25213366 |
| in vitro avarol does affect the growth of candida sp. | this work extends in vitro screening of antimicrobial activity of avarol, the marine natural product firstly isolated from the mediterranean sponge dysidea avara. its anticandidial activity was evaluated by microdilution method against eight candida strains, two atcc and six clinical ones. at a different extent this compound was proven to be active against all the strains tested (mic 0.8-6.0 μg/ml and mfc 1.6-12.0 μg/ml, respectively). according to the best of our knowledge, this is the first re ... | 2016 | 26405848 |
| restructuring of the sponge microbiome favors tolerance to ocean acidification. | ocean acidification is increasing and affects many marine organisms. however, certain sponge species can withstand low-ph conditions. this may be related to their complex association with microbes. we hypothesized that species with greater microbial diversity may develop functional redundancy that could enable the holobiont to survive even if particular microbes are lost at low-ph conditions. we evaluated the effects of acidification on the growth and associated microbes of three ubiquitous medi ... | 2016 | 27264698 |
| functional convergence of microbes associated with temperate marine sponges. | most marine sponges establish a persistent association with a wide array of phylogenetically and physiologically diverse microbes. to date, the role of these symbiotic microbial communities in the metabolism and nutrient cycles of the sponge-microbe consortium remains largely unknown. we identified and quantified the microbial communities associated with three common mediterranean sponge species, dysidea avara, agelas oroides and chondrosia reniformis (demospongiae) that cohabitate coralligenous ... | 2012 | 22335606 |
| differences between bacterial communities associated with the surface or tissue of mediterranean sponge species. | bacterial communities associated with the surfaces of several mediterranean sponge species (agelas oroides, chondrosia reniformis, petrosia ficiformis, geodia sp., tethya sp., axinella polypoides, dysidea avara, and oscarella lobularis) were compared to those associated with the mesohyl of sponges and other animate or inanimate reference surfaces as well as with those from bulk seawater. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of pcr-amplified bacterial 16s ribosomal rna genes ob ... | 2011 | 21246194 |
| seasonal variation of fatty acids and stable carbon isotopes in sponges as indicators for nutrition: biomarkers in sponges identified. | to get a better understanding of sponge feeding biology and efficiencies, the fatty acid (fa) composition and (13)c natural abundance of sponges and of suspended particulate matter (spm) from surrounding seawater was studied in different seasons at three locations. haliclona oculata and haliclona xena from the oosterschelde, the netherlands, halichondria panicea and h. xena from lake veere, the netherlands, and aplysina aerophoba and dysidea avara from the mediterranean, spain, were studied. sev ... | 2015 | 25107690 |
| investigating on the correlation between some biological activities of marine sponge-associated bacteria extracts and isolated diketopiperazines. | marine organisms have been considered as the richest sources of novel bioactive metabolites, which can be used for pharmaceutical purposes. in the last years, the interest for marine microorganisms has grown for their enormous biodiversity and for the evidence that many novel compounds isolated from marine invertebrates are really synthesized by their associated bacteria. nevertheless, the discovery of a chemical communication quorum sensing (qs) between bacterial cells and between bacteria and ... | 2017 | 27743105 |
| avarol derivatives as competitive ache inhibitors, non hepatotoxic and neuroprotective agents for alzheimer's disease. | avarol is a marine sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone, previously isolated from the marine sponge dysidea avara schmidt (dictyoceratida), with antiinflammatory, antitumor, antioxidant, antiplatelet, anti-hiv, and antipsoriatic effects. recent findings indicate that some thio-avarol derivatives exhibit acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibitory activity. the multiple pharmacological properties of avarol, thio-avarol and/or their derivatives prompted us to continue the in vitro screening, focusing on their ... | 2016 | 27376495 |
| in vitro evaluation of cytotoxic and mutagenic activity of avarol. | the cytotoxicity of avarol, a main secondary metabolite of the mediterranean sponge dysidea avara, was in vitro screened by mtt assay against four human tumour cell lines. the colon ht-29 tumour cells practically showed to be the only sensitive ones towards this organic compound. no toxicity was found against the fetal lung fibroblast mrc-5 cells at the concentrations tested. in comparison with doxorubicin, used as a positive control, avarol actually exhibited at least 588-fold less toxicity tow ... | 2016 | 26181496 |
| further in vitro biological activity evaluation of amino-, thio- and ester-derivatives of avarol. | the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and/or antitumour activities of amino-, thio- and ester-derivatives of avarol selected were evaluated for the first time at in vitro conditions. avarol-3',4'-dithioglycol (1) and avarol-4'-(3)mercaptopropionic acid (3) were shown to be the best inhibitors of the enzyme tested (0.50 µg and ic50 0.05 mm and 0.50 µg and ic50 0.12 mm, respectively), while 4'-tryptamine-avarone (9) and avarol-3'-(3)mercaptopropionic acid (2) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity again ... | 2016 | 26114310 |
| further in vitro biological activity evaluation of amino-, thio- and ester-derivatives of avarol. | the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and/or antitumour activities of amino-, thio- and ester-derivatives of avarol selected were evaluated for the first time at in vitro conditions. avarol-3',4'-dithioglycol (1) and avarol-4'-(3)mercaptopropionic acid (3) were shown to be the best inhibitors of the enzyme tested (0.50 µg and ic50 0.05 mm and 0.50 µg and ic50 0.12 mm, respectively), while 4'-tryptamine-avarone (9) and avarol-3'-(3)mercaptopropionic acid (2) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity again ... | 2015 | 24939096 |
| dysideanones a-c, unusual sesquiterpene quinones from the south china sea sponge dysidea avara. | dysideanones a-c (1-3), three unusual sesquiterpene quinones with unprecedented carbon skeletons, were isolated from the south china sea sponge dysidea avara. their structures including absolute configurations were determined by a combination of spectroscopic analyses and calculated ecd spectra. within the sesquiterpene quinone structures, dysideanones a (1) and b (2) share an unprecedented 6/6/6/6-fused tetracyclic carbon skeleton, while dysideanone c (3) possesses an unusual 6/6/5/6-fused tetr ... | 2014 | 24547794 |
| enantioselective total synthesis of dysidavarone a, a novel sesquiterpenoid quinone from the marine sponge dysidea avara. | dysidavarone a, a structurally unprecedented sesquiterpenoid quinone, was synthesized in 30 % overall yield in a longest liner sequence of 13 steps from commercially available o-vanillin. a highly strained and bridged eight-membered carbocyclic core was established by the c7-c21 carbon bond formation through a copper enolate mediated michael addition to the internal quinone ring. | 2014 | 24482283 |
| further in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of the marine natural product derivative 4'-leucine-avarone. | the cytotoxicity of 4'-leucine-avarone, amino derivative of the sponge dysidea avara secondary metabolite avarone, was evaluated by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay in vitro against seven human solid tumours for the first time. the compound tested induced dose-dependent cytotoxic response in all cancer cells showing better activity towards the lung a-549 and colon ht-29 cell lines (ic50 7.40 μm and 9.62 μm, respectively) than towards the breast adenocarcinoma e ... | 2014 | 24422776 |
| a new bioactive sesquiterpenoid quinone from the mediterranean sea marine sponge dysidea avara. | investigation of the marine sponge dysidea avara, family dysideidae, afforded a new sesquiterpene (-)-n-methylmelemeleone-a (5), in addition to four known sesquiterpenes (+)-avarol (1), (+)-avarone (2), (-)-3'-methylaminoavarone (3) and (-)-4'-methylaminoavarone (4). the structure elucidation of compound 5 was based on 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopic, and hr-ms studies, as well as by comparison with the literature. cytotoxicity, proteinkinase inhibition, inhibition of nfkb-activity and insecticidal ... | 2013 | 23678793 |
| sources of secondary metabolite variation in dysidea avara (porifera: demospongiae): the importance of having good neighbors. | several studies report temporal, geographical, and intra-individual variation in sponge metabolite yields. however, the internal and/or external factors that regulate the metabolite production remain poorly understood. dysidea avara is a demosponge that produces sesquiterpenoids (avarol and derivatives) with interesting medical properties, which has prompted addressed studies to obtain enough amounts of these metabolites for research on drug discovery. within this framework, specimens of dysidea ... | 2013 | 23429282 |
| carbon conversion and metabolic rate in two marine sponges. | the carbon metabolism of two marine sponges, haliclona oculata and dysidea avara, has been studied using a (13)c isotope pulse-chase approach. the sponges were fed (13)c-labeled diatoms (skeletonema costatum) for 8 h and they took up between 75 and 85%. at different times, sponges were sampled for total (13)c enrichment, and fatty acid (fa) composition and (13)c enrichment. algal biomarkers present in the sponges were highly labeled after feeding but their labeling levels decreased until none wa ... | 2011 | 24489407 |
| evidence of nitrification and denitrification in high and low microbial abundance sponges. | aerobic and anaerobic microbial key processes were quantified and compared to microbial numbers and morphological structure in mediterranean sponges. direct counts on histological sections stained with dapi showed that sponges with high microbial abundances (hma sponges) have a denser morphological structure with a reduced aquiferous system compared to low microbial abundance (lma) sponges. in dysidea avara, the lma sponge, rates of nitrification and denitrification were higher than in the hma s ... | 2010 | 24391241 |
| the screening of antimicrobial bacteria with diverse novel nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) genes from south china sea sponges. | nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) adenylation (a) domain genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction for 109 bacteria isolated from four south china sea sponges, stelletta tenuis, halichondria rugosa, dysidea avara, and craniella australiensis. meanwhile, the antimicrobial bioassay of bacteria with nrps genes were carried out to confirm the screening of nrps genes. fifteen bacteria were found to contain nrps genes and grouped into two phyla firmicutes (13 of 15) and proteobacteria ... | 2012 | 18853226 |
| environmental flow regimes for dysidea avara sponges. | the aim of our research is to design tank systems to culture dysidea avara for the production of avarol. flow information was needed to design culture tanks suitable for effective production. water flow regimes were characterized over a 1-year period for a shallow rocky sublittoral environment in the northwestern mediterranean where d. avara sponges are particularly abundant. three-dimensional doppler current velocities at 8-10-m depths ranged from 5 to 15 cm/s over most seasons, occasionally sp ... | 2008 | 18461393 |
| sponges as biomonitors of heavy metals in spatial and temporal surveys in northwestern mediterranean: multispecies comparison. | contamination by heavy metals has increased drastically in the coastal mediterranean during the last 20 years. a comparative study on metal bioaccumulation by four widespread sponge species (crambe crambe, chondrosia reniformis, phorbas tenacior, and dysidea avara) has been performed to select the most suitable species for metal monitoring. copper bioaccumulation fits an accumulation strategy while pb concentration seems to be regulated in most sponges. crambe crambe was the only studied species ... | 2007 | 17941749 |
| cultivable bacterial community from south china sea sponge as revealed by dgge fingerprinting and 16s rdna phylogenetic analysis. | the cultivable bacterial communities associated with four south china sea sponges-stelletta tenuis, halichondria rugosa, dysidea avara, and craniella australiensis in mixed cultures-were investigated by microbial community dna-based dgge fingerprinting and 16s rdna phylogenetic analysis. diverse bacteria such as alpha-, gamma-, delta-proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, and firmicutes were cultured, some of which were previously uncultivable bacteria, potential novel strains with less than 95% similar ... | 2007 | 17896134 |
| re-plumbing in a mediterranean sponge. | observations are reported for dysidea avara sponges where once functioning oscula (outlets) are converted through internal re-plumbing into functioning oversized ostia (oso; inlets). flow tank studies employed high-speed photography and particle tracking of laser-illuminated 0.5-6.0 microm diameter glass beads to trace particles streaming into oso. a fluorescein dye/glass bead uptake experiment showed that an oversized ostium was connected through internal structures to the lone osculum. beginni ... | 2007 | 17785264 |
| cultivation of sponge larvae: settlement, survival, and growth of juveniles. | the aim of this study was to culture sponge juveniles from larvae. starting from larvae we expected to enhance the survival and growth, and to decrease the variation in these parameters during the sponge cultures. first, settlement success, morphological changes during metamorphosis, and survival of dysidea avara, ircinia oros, hippospongia communis, under the same culture conditions, were compared. in a second step, we tested the effects of flow and food on survival and growth of juveniles from ... | 2007 | 17624577 |
| [revelation and phylogenetic analysis of the predominant bacterial community associated with sponges in the south china sea based on pcr- dgge fingerprints]. | the predominant bacterial community structure of dysidea avara and craniella australiensis in the south china sea were revealed by pcr- dgge fingerprinting in the present study. with further cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, it was found that proteobacteria predominated in these two sponges. alphaproteobacteria, betaproteobacteria and gammaproteobacteria were found in dysidea avara and only gammaproteobacteria found in craniella australiensis. although bacteroidetes were found in bo ... | 2006 | 16933628 |
| dispersal strategies in sponge larvae: integrating the life history of larvae and the hydrologic component. | while known to be uniformly non-feeding, short-lived, and potentially short dispersing, sponge larvae display different behaviours (swimming ability and taxis). our aim was to show whether sponge larvae with different behaviours exhibit different dispersal strategies under variable intensity of water movements. we first assessed the distribution of larvae of six taxa: dictyoceratida spp., dysidea avara, crambe crambe, phorbas tenacior, scopalina lophyropoda, and cliona viridis, collected through ... | 2006 | 16710659 |
| hypothesized kinetic models for describing the growth of globular and encrusting demosponges. | the marine sponges dysidea avara and chondrosia reniformis (globular forms) were cultured in the laboratory on a diet of viable phaeodactylum tricornutum cells and dissolved nutrients (algae and fish powders). our growth data were combined with literature data for pseudosuberites andrewsi (a globular sponge) and for the encrusting sponges oscarella lobularis, hemimycale columella, and crambe crambe. the suitability of three growth models-linear, exponential, and radial accretive-for describing t ... | 2006 | 16249967 |
| large-scale production of pharmaceuticals by marine sponges: sea, cell, or synthesis? | marine sponges are known to produce an overwhelming array of secondary metabolites with pharmaceutical potential. the technical and economical potential of using marine sponges for large-scale production of these compounds was assessed for two cases: the anticancer molecule halichondrin b from a lissodendoryx sp., and avarol from dysidea avara for its antipsoriasis activity. an economic and technical analysis was done for three potential production methods: mariculture, ex situ culture (in tanks ... | 2005 | 15739169 |
| sustainable production of bioactive compounds by sponges--cell culture and gene cluster approach: a review. | sponges (phylum porifera) are sessile marine filter feeders that have developed efficient defense mechanisms against foreign attackers such as viruses, bacteria, or eukaryotic organisms. protected by a highly complex immune system, as well as by the capacity to produce efficient antiviral compounds (e.g., nucleoside analogues), antimicrobial compounds (e.g., polyketides), and cytostatic compounds (e.g., avarol), they have not become extinct during the last 600 million years. it can be assumed th ... | 2015 | 15085406 |
| sponge-cell culture? a molecular identification method for sponge cells. | dissociated sponge cells are easily confused with unicellular organisms. this has been an obstacle in the development of sponge-cell lines. we developed a molecular detection method to identify cells of the sponge dysidea avara in dissociated cell cultures. the 18s ribosomal rna gene from a dysidea avara specimen was sequenced and compared to eukaryotic 18s rdna sequences picked up from a proliferating cell culture that originated from a dissociated dysidea avara specimen. our method proved unam ... | 2008 | 14730427 |
| development in primary cell culture of demosponges. | we have established primary cell culture of the marine demosponge dysidea avara and suberites domuncula. microbial contamination was controlled by the use of a pool of antibiotics confirming the goodness of this procedure. effect of ph, temperature and light was studied to establish the better growth conditions. the comparison of lipid composition of sponge and cells suggested a series of experiments to optimise the medium. a glucose dose-dependent experiment showed that the ideal glucose concen ... | 2003 | 12423906 |
| developmental aberrations in sea-urchin eggs induced by avarol and two cogeners, the main sesquiterpenoid hydroquinones from the marine sponge, dysidea avara. | | 1980 | 6102012 |