| non-repetitive dna sequence divergence in phylogenetically diploid and tetraploid teleostean species of the family cyprinidae and the order isospondyli. | non-repetitive dna of anciently tetraploid teleostean species was analysed for the presence of duplicated sequences. closely related diploid species were investigated in comparison. from the reassociation kinetics of total nuclear dna, rate constants and fraction sizes of classes of repetitive and non-repetitive sequences were determined. dna fractions enriched in the slowest renaturing sequence class were determined. dna fractions enriched in the slowest renaturing sequence class were prepared ... | 1979 | 533669 |
| nickel-63 in baltic fish and sediments. | the determination of 63ni was carried out on fish samples of cod (gadus morhua), herring (clupea harengus), sprat (sprattus sprattus) and samples of sediment core from the gdańsk bay. in contrast to stable nickel, 63ni is non-uniformly distributed within the fish. more than 95% of total 63ni content in cod and herring is located in fillet with skin and scale. our data suggesting, that mechanism for uptake of 63ni in cod and herring is by passive adsorption onto the surface of skin and scale mucu ... | 1994 | 8019522 |
| pathology and morphology of ichthyophonus hoferi in naturally infected fishes off the swedish west coast. | the pathology and morphology of ichthyophonus hoferi was studied in naturally infected atlantic herring clupea harengus, in sprat sprattus sprattus, and in flounder pleuronectes flesus from the west coast of sweden. the pathogen was found in all organs examined, with the intensity of infection varying in different organs of the different fish species. two main phases in the life of infecting parasites were identified, 'active' and 'passive', the latter being able to switch to active. the active ... | 1998 | 9828406 |
| isolation of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) from wild marine fish species in the baltic sea, kattegat, skagerrak and the north sea. | in order to analyse the occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the marine environment surrounding denmark, fish tissue samples were collected on four cruises with the research vessel h/s dana in 1996 and 1997. the sampling comprised 923 samples totalling 7344 fish representing 29 different species. vhsv was isolated from 24 fish samples from the baltic sea, four samples from skagerrak and three samples from the north sea. the virus-positive host species included herring clu ... | 1999 | 10509720 |
| pseudanthocotyloides heterocotyle (van beneden, 1871) euzet & prost, 1969 (monogenea: polyopisthocotylea: mazocraeidae), a parasite of herring clupea harengus l. and sprat sprattus sprattus l. (teleostei: clupeidae). | a total of 690 herring clupea harengus l. and 88 sprat sprattus sprattus l. caught off the west coast of sweden, in the north sea and off the west and south coasts of the united kingdom, were examined for gill parasites. the monogenean pseudanthocotyloides heterocotyle (van beneden, 1871) euzet & prost, 1969 was found in 38 (5.5%) herring and one (1.1%) sprat. the parasite was significantly (p<0.05) more common off the west coast of sweden than elsewhere and most specimens (62.5%) were found on ... | 1999 | 10613537 |
| fish, fishing, and pollutant reduction in the baltic sea. | the baltic sea is heavily polluted yet supports major commercial fisheries for cod (gadus morhua), herring (clupea harengus), and sprat (sprattus sprattus). emissions of persistent organic pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) and ddt, were high during the 1960s and 1970s, and concentrations in fish and other fauna are still significant. several models of the fluxes of these pollutants among the water, sediment, and atmosphere have been developed, but these generally omit the role ... | 2004 | 15112795 |
| prevalence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in danish marine fishes and its occurrence in new host species. | in order to analyse the occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the marine waters around denmark, staff from the danish institute for food and veterinary research participated in 5 research cruises during 1998 to 2002 as a follow-up to 4 research cruises performed in 1996 to 1997. in total, 16,655 fish were examined virologically as 3569 samples. forty fish species and 3 invertebrate species were represented. vhsv was isolated from 133 samples representing 8 species: herring ... | 2005 | 16231640 |
| biomagnification and polychlorinated biphenyl congener distribution in an aquatic predator-prey, host-parasite system. | biomagnification and polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) congener distribution was examined in a predator-prey, host-parasite system, in which atlantic salmon (salmo salar) preyed upon sprat (sprattus sprattus). eubothrium crassum was an intestinal parasite in salmon that also "preyed upon" sprat, because the parasites gained access to foodstuffs via the host (salmon) gut. salmon contained significantly higher concentrations of total pcbs compared to both parasites and prey (sprat), but no difference ... | 2007 | 17521127 |
| genetic variability in hysterothylacium aduncum, a raphidascarid nematode isolated from sprat (sprattus sprattus) of different geographical areas of the northeastern atlantic. | species of the genus hysterothylacium are among the most common marine nematode fish parasites in the northern atlantic. due to recent findings of cryptic speciation in other parasitic ascaridoid nematodes, a similar pattern of sibling species was hypothesized also for hysterothylacium aduncum. by investigating a 886- to 890-bp-long genomic dna fragment including its-1, 5.8s rdna and its-2 of 40 specimens of h. aduncum of sprat (sprattus sprattus) of four different biogeographical regions (north ... | 2007 | 17674051 |
| levels of pcdd/f and dioxin-like pcb in baltic fish of different age and gender. | concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdd), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdf) and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb) in baltic sea fish like herring (clupea harengus membras), sprat (sprattus sprattus balticus), perch (perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (sander lucioperca) and flounder (platichthys flesus trachurus) collected from four areas of the estonian coastal waters are reported. all samples are studied for their relationship between the length (cm) and wet weight (g); length (c ... | 2008 | 17931686 |
| content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in three canned fish species. | three canned fish species--pacific saury (cololabis saira), pacific herring (clupea harengus) and baltic sprat (sprattus sprattus)--most common and popular in russia, were analyzed for fatty acids. special attention was paid to long-chain essential polyunsaturated fatty acids: eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5omega3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6omega3). sums of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in saury, herring and sprat were, on average, 2.42, 1.80 and 1.43 g/100 g product, respective ... | 2009 | 18608541 |
| investigation of pcdd/fs and dl-pcbs in fish from the southern baltic sea during the 2002-2006 period. | concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdfs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-pcbs) in the southern baltic herring (clupea harengus), sprat (sprattus sprattus), and salmon (salmo salar) are reported. the significant interspecies and season-specific differences in pcdd/fs and dl-pcbs concentrations were observed. the contribution of dl-pcbs to the total toxicity equivalents (teqs) ranged between 50% and 70%, dependently on fish s ... | 2009 | 19108863 |
| temporal trends in the bioaccumulation of trace metals in herring, sprat, and cod from the southern baltic sea in the 1994-2003 period. | this study is based on raw data obtained from 1 225 samples of herring (clupea harengus), sprat (sprattus sprattus), and cod (gadus morhua) collected in the 1994-2003 period from the polish coastal zone of the baltic sea. this paper presents the results of investigations of the contents of cu, zn, cd, pb, hg, and as in fish. the aim was to identify temporal trends in trace metal contamination and variations in the concentrations of hg in the flesh of herring, sprat, and cod of different lengths. ... | 2009 | 19580989 |
| fish and macro-crustacean communities and their dynamics in the severn estuary. | the species of fish and macro-crustacean living within the severn estuary are reviewed. the fish community is notably species rich and exceeds 100 species in total for the estuary. standardised long-term sampling at hinkley point in bridgwater bay gives a total complement of 83 for a single locality and this number is increasing by about one new species every two years. most of these new species are moving in from centres of population lying to the south of the estuary. almost all species of fis ... | 2010 | 20074757 |
| viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) genotype ii isolated from european river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis in finland during surveillance from 1999 to 2008. | we examined the occurrence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in the main spawning stocks of wild european river lamprey lampetra fluviatilis in the rivers of finland from 1999 to 2008. pooled samples of internal organs (kidney, liver and heart or brain) from 2621 lampreys were examined for the presence of vhsv by standard virological techniques. vhsv was isolated from 5 samples from the rivers lestijoki and kalajoki, which flow from finland into the bothnian bay of the baltic sea. t ... | 2010 | 20377008 |
| feeding ecology of pelagic fish species in the gulf of riga (baltic sea): the importance of changes in the zooplankton community. | the feeding ecology of four pelagic fish species was studied in relation to their prey availability in the gulf of riga (baltic sea) during the summer 1999-2006. the zooplankton community was dominated by the cladoceran bosmina longispina, rotifers keratella cochlearis and k. quadrata and the copepod eurytemora affinis, with the highest interannual variability in abundance recorded for b. longispina. the last influenced the diet of adult sprat sprattus sprattus, juvenile smelt osmerus eperlanus ... | 2010 | 21155782 |
| environmental pollutants in the swedish marine ecosystem, with special emphasis on polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde). | levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), polybrominated biphenyls (pbbs), polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) and perfluorinated organic compounds (pfcs) were analysed in whole herring (clupea harengus) and sprat (sprattus sprattus), eggs from common eider (somateria mollissima) and eggs and livers from herring gull (larus argentatus) from the swedish west coast. the contaminant values obtained were compared with published values from the arctic marin ... | 2011 | 21220151 |
| morphology and ssu rdna sequences of ortholinea orientalis (shul'man and shul'man-albova, 1953) (myxozoa, ortholineidae) from clupea harengus and sprattus sprattus (clupeidae) from denmark. | ortholinea orientalis (shul'man and shul'man-albova 1953) shul'man 1956 is redescribed from clupea harengus l. and sprattus sprattus (l.) (teleostei, clupeidae) from the northern øresund, denmark. s. sprattus is a new host record. polysporic plasmodia and most myxospores were found in the ureters of both hosts. the myxospores have external valvular ridges, which were not observed in the original description. the presence of this character causes us to consider ortholinea clupeidae aseeva 2000 as ... | 2011 | 21301876 |
| epidemiological aspects of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus genotype ii isolated from baltic herring, clupea harengus membras l. | this study was carried out to clarify the role of wild fish, especially baltic herring, clupea harengus membras l., in the epidemiology of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) in brackish water in finland. baltic herring with no visible signs of disease were collected from the archipelago sea, the gulf of bothnia and the eastern gulf of finland. in total, 7580 herring were examined by virus isolation as 758 pooled samples and 3029 wild salmonid broodfish as pooled samples during 2004-2006 ... | 2011 | 21623835 |
| wasp-waist interactions in the north sea ecosystem. | in a "wasp-waist" ecosystem, an intermediate trophic level is expected to control the abundance of predators through a bottom-up interaction and the abundance of prey through a top-down interaction. previous studies suggest that the north sea is mainly governed by bottom-up interactions driven by climate perturbations. however, few studies have investigated the importance of the intermediate trophic level occupied by small pelagic fishes. | 2011 | 21829494 |
| Parasite communities and feeding ecology of the European sprat (Sprattus sprattus L.) over its range of distribution. | The metazoan parasite fauna and feeding ecology of 165 Sprattus sprattus (L., 1758) was studied from different geographic regions (Baltic Sea, North Sea, English Channel, Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea). A total of 13 metazoan parasite species were identified including six Digenea, one Monogenea, two Cestoda, two Nematoda and two Crustacea. Didymozoidae indet., Lecithocladium excisum and Bomolochidae indet. represent new host records. The parasite species richness differed according to regions ... | 2011 | 21850453 |
| interacting trophic forcing and the population dynamics of herring. | small pelagic fish occupy a central position in marine ecosystems worldwide, largely by determining the energy transfer from lower trophic levels to predators at the top of the food web, including humans. population dynamics of small pelagic fish may therefore be regulated neither strictly bottom-up nor top-down, but rather through multiple external and internal drivers. while in many studies single drivers have been identified, potential synergies of multiple factors, as well as their relative ... | 2011 | 21870614 |
| contracaecum osculatum and other anisakid nematodes in grey seals and cod in the baltic sea: molecular and ecological links. | populations of grey seals (halichoerus grypus), sprats (sprattus sprattus) and cod (gadus morhua) in the baltic sea are relatively stationary. the present work, applying classical and molecular helminthological techniques, documents that seals and cod also share a common parasite, the anisakid nematode contracaecum osculatum, which uses seals as the final host and fish as transport hosts. sequencing mitochondrial genes (cox1 and cox2) in adult worms from seals and third-stage larvae from livers ... | 2017 | 28124629 |
| host size-dependent anisakid infection in baltic cod gadus morhua associated with differential food preferences. | a significant increase in the infection level of baltic cod gadus morhua with the anisakid nematode larvae contracaecum osculatum and pseudoterranova decipiens has been recorded during recent years due to the expanding local population of grey seals halichoerus grypus, which act as final hosts for these parasites. here, we report from an investigation of 368 cod (total length [tl] 6-49 cm; caught in ices subdivision 25) that the infection level of juvenile cod (tl 6-30 cm) with larvae of c. oscu ... | 2016 | 27304871 |
| [infestation rates of the main commercial fish species with larvae of contracaecum osculatum (rudolphi, 1802) (nematoda: anisakidae) in russian waters of the south baltic in 2000-2012]. | the infestation dynamic of the sprat (sprattus sprattus balticus), the baltic herring (clupea harengus membras), and the baltic cod (gadus morhua callaris) with nematodes contracaecum osculatum 1 (anisakidae) from russian waters of the south baltic were studied in 2000-2012. peculiarities of larval growth in different hosts were analyzed. a total of 6233 fish specimens were investigated, including 1420, 3867, and 946 specimens of sprat, herring, and cod, respectively. the prevalence and mean int ... | 2015 | 25693327 |
| a survey of wild marine fish identifies a potential origin of an outbreak of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia in wrasse, labridae, used as cleaner fish on marine atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., farms. | viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (vhsv) was isolated from five species of wrasse (labridae) used as biological controls for parasitic sea lice predominantly, lepeophtheirus salmonis (krøyer, 1837), on marine atlantic salmon, salmo salar l., farms in shetland. as part of the epidemiological investigation, 1400 wild marine fish were caught and screened in pools of 10 for vhsv using virus isolation. eleven pools (8%) were confirmed vhsv positive from: grey gurnard, eutrigla gurnardus l.; atlant ... | 2015 | 25102953 |
| toxic metals in tissues of fishes from the black sea and associated human health risk exposure. | the anthropogenic activities in the black sea area are responsible for toxic metal contamination of sea food products. in this study, several toxic metals: cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, and copper were quantified in different tissues (digestive tract, muscle, skeleton, skin) of nine fish species (neogobius melanostomus, belone belone, solea solea, trachurus mediterraneus ponticus, sardina pilchardus, engraulis encrasicolus, pomatomus saltatrix, sprattus sprattus, scorpaena porcus) by using at ... | 2017 | 28127691 |
| warming shelf seas drive the subtropicalization of european pelagic fish communities. | pelagic fishes are among the most ecologically and economically important fish species in european seas. in principle, these pelagic fishes have potential to demonstrate rapid abundance and distribution shifts in response to climatic variability due to their high adult motility, planktonic larval stages, and low dependence on benthic habitat for food or shelter during their life histories. here, we provide evidence of substantial climate-driven changes to the structure of pelagic fish communitie ... | 2015 | 25230844 |
| a day in the life of fish larvae: modeling foraging and growth using quirks. | this article introduces "quirks," a generic, individual-based model synthesizing over 40 years of empirical and theoretical insights into the foraging behavior and growth physiology of marine fish larvae. in quirks, different types of larvae are defined by a short list of their biological traits, and all foraging and growth processes (including the effects of key environmental factors) are modeled following one unified set of mechanistic rules. this approach facilitates ecologically meaningful c ... | 2014 | 24901937 |
| a parvicapsulid (myxozoa) infecting sprattus sprattus and clupea harengus (clupeidae) in the northeast atlantic uses hydroides norvegicus (serpulidae) as invertebrate host. | a myxosporean producing actinospores of the tetractinomyxon type in hydroides norvegicus gunnerus (serpulidae) in denmark was identified as a member of the family parvicapsulidae based on small-subunit ribosomal dna (ssu rdna) sequences. myxosporean samples from various danish and norwegian marine fishes were examined with primers that detect the novel myxosporean. sprattus sprattus (linnaeus) and clupea harengus linnaeus (teleostei, clupeidae) were found to be infected. the sequences of this pa ... | 2013 | 23724734 |
| survey of persistent organochlorine contaminants (pcdd, pcdf, and pcb) in fish collected from the polish baltic fishing areas. | concentrations and congener-specific profiles of pcdds, pcdfs, dl-pcbs, and ndl-pcbs were determined in five species of edible fish from the baltic sea (ices 24-27): salmon (salmo salar), baltic herring (clupea harengus membras), sprat (sprattus sprattus balticus), sea trout (salmo trutta m.trutta), and cod (gadus morhua callarias). marker pcbs were the dominant compounds (0.07-60.84 ng/g w.w.), followed by dl-pcbs (0.64-6.07 pg who-teq/g w.w.) and pcdd/pcdfs (0.22-5.67 pg who-teq w.w). the conc ... | 2012 | 22593715 |
| influences of potential predictor variables on gastric evacuation in atlantic cod gadus morhua feeding on fish prey: parameterization of a generic model. | the parameter values of a generic model of gastric evacuation were estimated from evacuation data on atlantic cod gadus morhua fed meals of four fish prey: herring clupea harengus, sprat sprattus sprattus, lesser sandeel ammodytes tobianus and dab limanda limanda. the effects on evacuation of photoperiod and pre-experimental treatment of prey were also tested. freshly killed a. tobianus were evacuated from the stomach of g. morhua at a rate similar to the value estimated from conspecifics kept d ... | 2012 | 22380555 |
| influence of green tides in coastal nursery grounds on the habitat selection and individual performance of juvenile fish. | coastal ecosystems, which provide numerous essential ecological functions for fish, are threatened by the proliferation of green macroalgae that significantly modify habitat conditions in intertidal areas. understanding the influence of green tides on the nursery function of these ecosystems is essential to determine their potential effects on fish recruitment success. in this study, the influence of green tides on juvenile fish was examined in an intertidal sandy beach area, the bay of saint-br ... | 2017 | 28125605 |
| [lipid composition of the muscles and liver of mediterranean fish]. | studies have been made on lipid composition of the liver, white and red skeletal muscles in 9 species of mediterranean fishes (scomber scomber, scomberesox saurus, trachurus trachurus, t. mediteraneus. sprattus sprattus, engraulis engrasicholus, diplodus annularis, gadus merlangus, scorpaena porcus). lipids were fractionated by means of thin layer chromatography. it was shown that the content of lipids in red muscles is significantly higher than in white ones. muscles of highly active species ar ... | 2013 | 664998 |
| assessment of metal concentrations in commercially important fish species in black sea. | in the present study, concentrations of arsenic (as), cadmium (cd), cobalt (co), chromium (cr), copper (cu), manganese (mn), nickel (ni), lead (pb), and zinc (zn) were measured in the muscle, gill, and gonads of the pelagic fish species trachurus mediterraneus, engraulis encrasicolus ponticus, and sprattus sprattus that are important both commercially and for the ecosystems in the black sea. the samples were collected during 2011. the metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass ... | 2016 | 24193046 |
| biomanipulation: a tool in marine ecosystem management and restoration? | widespread losses of production and conservation values make large-scale ecosystem restoration increasingly urgent. ecological restoration by means of biomanipulation, i.e., by fishing out planktivores to reduce the predation pressure on herbivorous zooplankton, has proved to be an effective tool in restoring degraded lakes and coastal ecosystems. whether biomanipulation may prove a useful restoration method in open and structurally complex marine ecosystems is, however, still unknown. to promot ... | 2010 | 21265454 |
| multi-level trophic cascades in a heavily exploited open marine ecosystem. | anthropogenic disturbances intertwined with climatic changes can have a large impact on the upper trophic levels of marine ecosystems, which may cascade down the food web. so far it has been difficult to demonstrate multi-level trophic cascades in pelagic marine environments. using field data collected during a 33-year period, we show for the first time a four-level community-wide trophic cascade in the open baltic sea. the dramatic reduction of the cod (gadus morhua) population directly affecte ... | 2008 | 18460432 |
| effect of temperature on the gastric evacuation in sprat sprattus sprattus. | gastric evacuation of groups of juvenile (mean 63 mm total length, lt, 0.283 g dry mass, md) sprat sprattus sprattus feeding on brine shrimp artemia sp. nauplii was studied at six temperatures (7.5, 10, 13, 16, 19.5 and 21.5 degrees c) in the laboratory. gastric evacuation was best described with a general model: st=s0(1-b)-r(1-b)t)1-b(-1), with st=stomach content at time t, s0=stomach content at time 0, t=time , r, b=constants. the shape parameter was estimated as b=0.668. for comparison with o ... | 2009 | 20738631 |