| the novel picornavirus equine rhinitis b virus contains a strong type ii internal ribosomal entry site which functions similarly to that of encephalomyocarditis virus. | equine rhinitis b virus (erbv) has recently been classified as an erbovirus, a new genus in the picornaviridae family. erbv is distantly related to members of the cardiovirus and aphthovirus genera which utilize a type ii internal ribosome entry sequence (ires) to initiate translation. we show that erbv also possesses the core stem-loop structures (h-l) of a type ii ires. the function of the erbv ires was characterized using bicistronic plasmids that were analysed both by transfection into bhk-2 ... | 2001 | 11514737 |
| equine rhinitis b virus: a new serotype. | equine rhinovirus serotype 3 isolate p313/75 was assigned, with an unclassified genus status, to the family picornaviridae: the sequence from the 5' poly(c) tract to the 3' poly(a) tract of p313/75 was determined. the sequence is 8821 bases in length and contains a potential open reading frame for a polyprotein of 2583 amino acids. sequence comparison and phylogenic analysis suggest that p313/75 is most closely related to the prototype equine rhinitis b virus (erbv) strain p1436/71, formerly nam ... | 2001 | 11602775 |
| phylogenetic analysis of ljungan virus and a-2 plaque virus, new members of the picornaviridae. | in addition to the viruses belonging to the nine proposed genera of the picornaviridae, enterovirus, rhinovirus, cardiovirus, aphtovirus, hepatovirus, parechovirus, kobuvirus, erbovirus and teschovirus, two new members of this family have recently been discovered. three strains of ljungan virus (lv) were isolated from bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) and a-2 plaque virus (a-2) was isolated from human sera. to study the genetic relationship between these recently discovered viruses and the me ... | 2002 | 11955639 |
| genomic evidence that simian virus 2 and six other simian picornaviruses represent a new genus in picornaviridae. | analysis of the vp1 capsid protein coding region of simian virus (sv) 2, sv16, sv18, sv42, sv44, sv45, and sv49 demonstrates that they are clearly distinct from members of the enterovirus genus and from members of other existing picornavirus genera. to further characterize this group of viruses and to clarify their classification within the picornaviridae, we have determined the complete genomic sequence of sv2 (8126 nucleotides). the genome was typical of members of picornaviridae, encoding a s ... | 2003 | 14517081 |
| phylogeny of the picornaviridae and differential evolutionary divergence of picornavirus proteins. | a rooted phylogenetic analysis of the viral family picornaviridae identified several major clusters within this viral family. the genus parechovirus, including ljungan virus, was found to be basal to the family. within the family, there were two major subgroups: (1) a cluster including viruses assigned to the genera enterovirus and rhinovirus; and (2) a cluster including teschovirus, cardiovirus, erbovirus, aphthovirus, and probably kobuvirus. within the former cluster, the genera enterovirus an ... | 2004 | 15157632 |
| sequence variation divides equine rhinitis b virus into three distinct phylogenetic groups that correlate with serotype and acid stability. | equine rhinitis b virus (erbv), genus erbovirus, family picornaviridae, occurs as two serotypes, erbv1 and erbv2, and the few isolates previously tested were acid labile. of 24 erbv1 isolates tested in the studies reported here, 19 were acid labile and five were acid stable. the two available erbv2 isolates, as expected, were acid labile. nucleotide sequences of the p1 region encoding the capsid proteins vp1, vp2, vp3 and vp4 were determined for five acid-labile and three acid-stable erbv1 isola ... | 2005 | 16033980 |
| reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for the detection equine rhinitis b viruses and cell culture isolation of the virus. | equine rhinitis b virus (erbv), genus erbovirus, family picornaviridae occurs as two serotypes, erbv1 and erbv2. an erbv-specific nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) that amplified a product within the 3d(pol) and 3' non-translated region of the viral genome was developed. the rt-pcr detected all 24 available erbv1 isolates and one available erbv2 isolate. the limit of detection for the prototype strain erbv1.1436/71 was 0.1 50% tissue culture infectious doses. the rt ... | 2007 | 16932985 |
| formerly unclassified, acid-stable equine picornaviruses are a third equine rhinitis b virus serotype in the genus erbovirus. | acid-stable equine picornaviruses (asps) were identified as a distinct serotype of equine picornaviruses that were isolated from nasal swabs taken from horses with acute febrile respiratory disease in the uk and japan, and were placed in the group of unclassified picornaviruses. the nucleotide sequence of the p1 region, encoding the capsid proteins, was determined for three asp isolates from the uk and the sequences were aligned with published sequences of equine rhinitis b virus (erbv), genus e ... | 2006 | 16963761 |
| prevalence of serum neutralising antibody to equine rhinitis a virus (erav), equine rhinitis b virus 1 (erbv1) and erbv2. | the objective of this study was to determine the incidence of serum neutralising (sn) antibody to erav, erbv1 and erbv2 in a population of horses from birth to 22 years of age. the prevalences of erav, erbv1 and erbv2 sn antibodies in 381 sera obtained from 291 horses were 37%, 83% and 66%, respectively. erav, erbv1 and erbv2 maternal antibody was present in foals 12 h postsuckling but by 10-12 months, erav sn antibody was not detected in any of the horses, while erbv1 and erbv2 sn antibodies we ... | 2007 | 17046179 |
| detection of viruses in nasal swab samples from horses with acute, febrile, respiratory disease using virus isolation, polymerase chain reaction and serology. | to examine the association of viruses with acute febrile respiratory disease in horses. design nasal swab and serum samples were collected from 20 horses with acute febrile upper respiratory disease that was clinically assessed to have a viral origin. | 2007 | 17300454 |
| sequence analysis of a duck picornavirus isolate indicates that it together with porcine enterovirus type 8 and simian picornavirus type 2 should be assigned to a new picornavirus genus. | in a 1990 outbreak, a virus isolated in taiwan from the intestines of ducks showing signs of hepatitis was tentatively classified as a picornavirus on the basis of physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics. the virus was cloned and then found not to be type 1 duck hepatitis virus (dhv-1) or a new serotype of duck hepatitis virus (n-dhv) by serum neutralization. complete genome sequencing indicated that the virus genome had 8351 nucleotides and the typical picornavirus genome organiza ... | 2007 | 17686542 |
| denatured virion protein 1 of equine rhinitis b virus 1 contains authentic b-cell epitopes recognised in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--short communication. | equine rhinitis b virus 1 (erbv1), genus erbovirus, family picornaviridae, is a pathogen of horses which causes clinical and subclinical infection of the upper respiratory tract in horses. the virus is widespread in european horse populations and the current standard method for the detection of antibody against erbv1 is by virus neutralisation (vn). vn tests, however, are labour-intensive and time-consuming, require tissue culture facilities, and generally do not provide same-day results. in thi ... | 2008 | 18669254 |
| development of a real-time duplex taqman-pcr for the detection of equine rhinitis a and b viruses in clinical specimens. | equine rhinitis a and b viruses (erav and erbv) are respiratory viruses of horses belonging to the family picornaviridae. although these viruses are considered to cause respiratory disease in horses and are potentially infectious for humans, little is known about their prevalence and pathogenesis. virus isolation is often unsuccessful due to their inefficient growth and lack of cytopathic effect in cell cultures. therefore, molecular assays should be considered as the method of choice to detect ... | 2009 | 19013197 |
| virion associated proteins of equine rhinitis b virus 1 (erbv1): the non-structural protein 3c(pro) co-purifies with virions. | equine rhinitis b virus (erbv), genus erbovirus, is most closely related to the cardiovirus genus in the family picornaviridae. the structural proteins (vp1-4) of erboviruses are not well described, but are predicted by sequence to be 35, 29, 26 and 7 kda. methods for the purification of cardioviruses (polyethylene glycol, trypsin treatment) were used to characterise the structural proteins of erbv1. only one of the virus proteins detected was an expected molecular mass, and this 26 kda protein ... | 2009 | 19041914 |
| real-time rt-pcr for the detection and quantitative analysis of equine rhinitis viruses. | equine rhinitis viruses (erv) cause respiratory disease and loss of performance in horses. it has been suggested that the economic significance of these viruses may have been underestimated due to insensitive methods of detection. | 2010 | 20156243 |
| identification of mixed equine rhinitis b virus infections leading to further insight on the relationship between genotype, serotype and acid stability phenotype. | equine rhinitis b virus (erbv) is the single species in the genus erbovirus, family picornaviridae. equine rhinitis b viruses exist in three serotypes and are associated with respiratory disease in horses. members of the species vary in stability at acid ph. to date there has been discordance in genotype, serotype and acid stability phenotype groupings. to identify capsid regions associated with acid stability, two viruses were serially treated at ph 3.3 to isolate acid-stable mutants. an acid-s ... | 2010 | 21185890 |
| mapping b-cell epitopes in equine rhinitis b viruses and identification of a neutralising site in the vp1 c-terminus. | erbovirus is a genus of the family picornaviridae and equine rhinitis b virus (erbv) is the sole species. erboviruses infect horses causing acute respiratory disease and sub-clinical and persistent infections. despite the high seroprevalence and worldwide distribution of these viruses, the pathogenesis and antigenic structure of the three erbv serotypes (erbv1, 2 and 3) is poorly understood. to characterise linear epitopes on erbv structural proteins, a set of fusion proteins were expressed in e ... | 2011 | 21930350 |