| structural differences between pea enation mosaic virus strains affecting transmissibility by acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). | | 1979 | 419684 |
| pea enation mosaic virus genoma rna contains no polyadenylate sequences and cannot be aminoacylated. | an active synthetase enzyme preparation from peas (pisum sativum l.) did not catalyze the aminoacylation of pea enation mosaic virus rna. the viral rna was shown not to contain polyadenylic acid sequences. | 1978 | 618834 |
| a new approach to measure the lp50 of pea enation mosaic virus in its vector acyrthosiphon pisum. | | 1978 | 726252 |
| the localization of pea enation mosaic virus-induced rna-dependent rna polymerase in infected peas. | | 1977 | 860396 |
| purification and properties of the replicative forms and replicative intermediates of pea enation mosaic virus. | | 1975 | 1136139 |
| fate of pea enation mosaic virus in pemv-injected pea aphids. | | 1975 | 1146226 |
| in situ localization of pea enation mosaic virus double-stranded ribonucleic acid. | | 1976 | 1266047 |
| protection against detrimental effects of potyvirus infection in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the papaya ringspot virus coat protein gene. | we obtained transgenic tobacco plants expressing the papaya ringspot virus (prv) coat protein (cp) gene by transformation via agrobacterium tumefaciens. expression was effectively monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) of crude tissue extracts. subcloned plants derived from eight original ro transformants were inoculated with potyviruses: tobacco etch (tev), potato virus y (pvy), and pepper mottle (pemv). plants that accumulated detectable levels of the prv cp showed significant ... | 1991 | 1367635 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of potato virus a rna. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal region of the genome of the potato virus a (pva) was obtained from two independent cdna clones. this sequence is 1383 nucleotides long and contains an open reading frame of 1178 nucleotides, ending with the translation termination codon taa and followed by untranslated region of 205 nucleotides. since the n-terminal amino acid of the coat protein of pva was blocked, the position of the putative coat protein cleavage site has been deduced by searching for consensus ... | 1992 | 1604933 |
| the nucleotide sequence and luteovirus-like nature of rna 1 of an aphid non-transmissible strain of pea enation mosaic virus. | an examination of the genomic strategy of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) rna 1 has verified strong organizational and sequence relationships between pemv and the beet western yellows-potato leafroll luteovirus subgroup. sequence analysis of rna 1 demonstrated five predominant open reading frames (orfs). the extreme 5' orf encodes a 34k product of unknown function. the second orf encodes an 84k product which overlaps 90% of orf 1 (in a unique reading frame) and is expressed by internal initiatio ... | 1991 | 1875194 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 3'-terminal region of potato virus yn rna. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1611 nucleotides of the genome of the tobacco veinal necrosis strain of potato virus y (pvyn) was determined. the sequence revealed an open reading frame of 1285 nucleotides, of which the start was not identified, and an untranslated region of 316 nucleotides upstream of a poly(a) tract. comparison of the open reading frame with the amino-terminal sequence of the viral coat protein enabled mapping of the start of the coat protein at amino acid -267, and indicated ... | 1989 | 2732687 |
| nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of a necrotic strain of potato virus y from new zealand. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1,134 nucleotides of the genome of a new zealand isolate of a necrotic strain of potato virus y (pvyn) has been determined. this sequence contains one large open reading frame of 796 nucleotides, the start of which was not identified, which is capable of encoding a protein of 264 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 29,631. comparison of the amino acid sequence with a published coat protein sequence of another strain, pvy-d, and with the amino acid seque ... | 1989 | 2802998 |
| cloning of the potato virus y genes encoding the capsid protein cp and the nuclear inclusion protein nib. | dna was synthesized complementary to the rna genome of potato virus y (pvy; strain go 16) and cloned into lambda vectors. the size of pvy-specific eco ri-restricted cdna ranged from 0.3 to approximately 22kb. two of the cdna clones each of which contained some 4kb of cdna sequence starting from the 3'-polyadenylated terminus were characterized by sequence analysis. presence of a single open reading frame suggests that pvy-specific proteins are synthesized as a polyprotein precursor. as with othe ... | 1989 | 2802999 |
| coat protein of potyviruses. 4. comparison of biological properties, serological relationships, and coat protein amino acid sequences of four strains of potato virus y. | four strains of potato virus y, pvy-d, pvy-10, pvy-18, and pvy-43, obtained from different australian sources were compared on the basis of their biological, serological and coat protein structural properties. each of the strains could be distinguished on the basis of their reactions on selected test plant species. two of the pvy strains, pvy-d and pvy-10, induced symptoms similar to those produced by the pvyo strain group. the reactions of pvy-18 and pvy-43, although comparable to pvyn in some ... | 1988 | 3144263 |
| nuclear vesiculation associated with pea enation mosaic virus-infected plant tissue. | | 1972 | 4113241 |
| purification of pea enation mosaic virus from its pea aphid vector, acyrthosiphon pisum, and aphid-transmission characteristics. | | 1973 | 4119354 |
| some properties of pea enation mosaic virus. | | 1970 | 4394183 |
| the fate of pea enation mosaic virus in its pea aphid vector, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). | | 1972 | 4565616 |
| the infection of tobacco protoplasts with pea enation mosaic virus. | | 1974 | 4602151 |
| aphid transmission characteristics of pea enation mosaic virus acquired from a membrane-feeding system. | | 1972 | 4640686 |
| the unusual nature of the components of a strain of pea enation mosaic virus. | | 1973 | 4728826 |
| [transmission of pea enation mosaic virus by different subspecies and strains of the foxglove aphid, aulacorthum solani (kaltenbach)]. | | 1973 | 4740803 |
| biological and physical properties of the two nucleoprotein components of pea enation mosaic virus and their associated nucleic acids. | | 1972 | 5064084 |
| the use of aphids to separate two strains of pea enation mosaic virus. | | 1969 | 5374240 |
| preparation and properties of the protein and nucleic acid components of pea enation mosaic virus. | | 1968 | 5663332 |
| pea enation mosaic virus: differential suspension of virus components in buffer and sucrose. | | 1968 | 5722189 |
| electron microscopy of pea enation mosaic virus in plant cell nuclei. | | 1966 | 5921644 |
| "recharging" pea aphids with pea enation mosaic virus. | | 1966 | 5928791 |
| purification of pea enation mosaic virus. | | 1966 | 5943542 |
| electron microscopy of pea enation mosaic virus in plants and aphid vectors. | | 1966 | 5961575 |
| retention of inoculativity in the transmission of pea enation mosaic virus by pea aphids as associated with virus isolates, aphid reproduction and excretion. | | 1967 | 6028944 |
| differential transmission of two pea enation mosaic virus isolates by the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris). | | 1967 | 6062176 |
| [some observations on the pea enation mosaic virus isolated in slovakia]. | | 1967 | 6062272 |
| intraspecies variability in transmission efficiency of stylet-borne viruses by the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum). | the efficiency of bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv; potyvirus group) tranasmission from pea to pea plants by 36 clones of the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) was studied. the efficiency of the clones varied; it was not related to the aphid colour form (green, red or yellow) or the origin of the clone (host plant, geographic area). with alfalfa mosaic virus, the virus-vector relationships concerning transmission efficiency were, in general, similar to those found with bymv. the behaviour of the clo ... | 1980 | 6108064 |
| mechanisms underlying systemic invasion of pea plants by pea enation mosaic virus. | leaves of pisum sativum l.cv. 'perfected wales' were inoculated with pea enation mosaic virus, at the 3rd and 4th nodes as early as size permitted. systemic virus spread was then measured over a period of approximately 9 days by assaying the infectivity of 1-cm stem pieces above the 4th and below the 3rd node. the presence of virus antigen and double-stranded (ds) rna in these stem pieces was measured by radioimmunoassay over the same period. relative infectivity and amounts of dsrna in infected ... | 1983 | 6862815 |
| replication of the satellite rna of pea enation mosaic virus is controlled by rna 2-encoded functions. | the helper virus mediating replication of the satellite rna (rna 3) of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) consists of two autonomously replicating, taxonomically unrelated viral rnas with ties to the luteovirus (rna 1) and the newly proposed umbravirus (rna 2) genera. the following study dissects the relative contribution of each of the genomic rnas of pemv to the subsistence and dissemination of this satellite rna. infectivity assays in a pea protoplast system demonstrate that rna 2 alone is respo ... | 1994 | 7515939 |
| resistance of green peas to legume viruses. | a total of 16 green pea cultivars (pisum sativum l.) were screened for resistance to bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), and alfalfa mosaic virus (amv). cvs. avola, midget, wawerplus, wawerex, bunny and banff were found immune to bymv infection. cvs. marx and pion exhibited a high level (above 95%) of resistance to bymv, but they were highly susceptible to pemv and amv. it is recommended to use bymv-immune or highly bymv-resistant cultivars for further breeding. the ... | 1994 | 7976868 |
| assessment of the autonomy of replicative and structural functions encoded by the luteo-phase of pea enation mosaic virus. | the genome of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) is composed of two taxonomically unrelated rnas, interacting to create what has traditionally been considered a bipartite virus. the cohesiveness of this interaction was assessed by examining the autonomy of each rna in viral replication, coat protein expression and systemic invasion. using a pea protoplast system, in vitro transcripts of rna1 were found to be capable of initiating rna2-independent replication, including the formation of the distinct ... | 1994 | 8176385 |
| the chimeric nature of the genome of pea enation mosaic virus: the independent replication of rna 2. | the genome of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) consists of two plus-sense rnas, both of which are required for mechanical transmission. rna 1 (5706 nucleotides) has strong sequence similarity with members of the luteovirus group, a similarity that is also manifested in the symptomatology, cytopathology and vector transmission of this virus. rna 2 (4253 nucleotides) is hypothesized to facilitate systemic invasion and mechanical transmission, attributes that distinguish pemv from the phloem-limited ... | 1993 | 8423443 |
| complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the rna genome of groundnut rosette umbravirus. | complementary dna clones representing the entire genome of groundnut rosette umbravirus (grv) were obtained and sequenced. grv rna comprises 4019 nucleotides and contains four large open reading frames (orfs). the second orf from the 5' end includes sequences that encode motifs characteristic of viral rna-dependent rna polymerases and is probably expressed by a -1 frameshift mechanism as a fusion protein with the product of the 5'-most orf. the other two orfs are almost completely overlapping in ... | 1996 | 8811035 |
| the genome organization and affinities of an australian isolate of carrot mottle umbravirus. | the genomic sequence of an australian isolate of carrot mottle umbravirus (cmov-a) was determined from cdna generated from dsrna. this provides the first data on the genome organization and phylogeny of an umbravirus. the 4201-nucleotide genome contains four major open reading frames (orfs). analysis suggests that orf2 encodes an rna-dependent rna polymerase, that orf4 encodes a movement protein, and that the virus has no coat protein gene. the functions of orfs 1 and 3 remain unknown. orf2 is p ... | 1996 | 8862426 |
| the satellite rnas associated with the groundnut rosette disease complex and pea enation mosaic virus: sequence similarities and ability of each other's helper virus to support their replication. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) and the causal agents of groundnut rosette disease are diverse examples of disease complexes involving two rna species, one of which is related to the genomes of luteoviruses and the other to those of umbraviruses. in both complexes, these viral rna components may be supplemented with satellite rnas that are dependent on the umbravirus component for replication and systemic movement, and on the luteovirus component for encapsidation and vector transmission. sequen ... | 1996 | 8922480 |
| expression and suppression of circulative aphid transmission in pea enation mosaic virus. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) is composed of two autonomously replicating virus rnas related to the genomic rnas of viruses in the genera luteovirus and umbravirus. the transmission of pemv resembles that of its luteovirus relatives in utilizing circulative aphid transmission. however, unlike its luteovirus counterparts, pemv can also be mechanically transmitted. prolonged mechanical passage of pemv can lead to the loss of aphid transmissibility, a trait that is mirrored by specific changes in ... | 1997 | 9049399 |
| the n-terminal region of the luteovirus readthrough domain determines virus binding to buchnera groel and is essential for virus persistence in the aphid. | luteoviruses and the luteovirus-like pea enation mosaic virus (pemv; genus enamovirus) are transmitted by aphids in a circulative, nonreplicative manner. acquired virus particles persist for several weeks in the aphid hemolymph, in which a groel homolog, produced by the primary endosymbiont of the aphid, is abundantly present. six subgroup ii luteoviruses and pemv displayed a specific but differential affinity for escherichia coli groel and groel homologs isolated from the endosymbiotic bacteria ... | 1997 | 9311800 |
| potato leafroll virus binds to the equatorial domain of the aphid endosymbiotic groel homolog. | a groel homolog with a molecular mass of 60 kda, produced by the primary endosymbiotic bacterium (a buchnera sp.) of myzus persicae and released into the hemolymph, has previously been shown to be a key protein in the transmission of potato leafroll virus (plrv). like other luteoviruses and pea enation mosaic virus, plrv readily binds to extracellular buchnera groel, and in vivo interference in this interaction coincides with reduced capsid integrity and loss of infectivity. to gain more knowled ... | 1998 | 9420234 |
| wheat cytoplasmic arginine trna isoacceptor with a u*cg anticodon is an efficient uga suppressor in vitro. | many rna viruses express part of their genomic information by read-through over internal termination codons. we have recently characterized tobacco cytoplasmic (cyt) and chloroplast (chl) trnacmcatrp and trnagcacys as natural suppressor trnas that are able to read the leaky uga codon in rna-1 of tobacco rattle virus, albeit with different efficiencies. here we have identified a third natural uga suppressor in plants. we have purified and sequenced four cyt trnaarg isoacceptors with icg, ccg, u*c ... | 1998 | 9490782 |
| coat protein-mediated resistance to pea enation mosaic virus in transgenic pisum sativum l. | pea (pisum sativum l.) plants were transformed in planta by injection/electroporation of axillary meristems with a chimeric pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) coat protein gene contruct. r1 progenies of these plants were shown to harbor the transgene by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and genomic southern analysis, while transgene expression was demonstrated by western blot analysis. transgenic r2, r3 and r4 plants displayed delayed or transient pemv multiplication and attenuated symptoms as compar ... | 1998 | 9859215 |
| sugarcane yellow leaf virus: an emerging virus that has evolved by recombination between luteoviral and poleroviral ancestors. | we have derived the genomic nucleotide sequence of an emerging virus, the sugarcane yellow leaf virus (scylv), and shown that it produces one to two subgenomic rnas. the family luteoviridae currently includes the luteovirus, polerovirus, and enamovirus genera. with the new scylv nucleotide sequence and existing luteoviridae sequence information, we have utilized new phylogenetic and evolutionary methodologies to identify homologous regions of luteoviridae genomes, which have statistically signif ... | 2000 | 10725208 |
| mutational evidence that the vpg is involved in the replication and not the movement of pea enation mosaic virus-1. | pea enation mosaic disease is caused by an obligatory association between the enamovirus pea enation mosaic virus-1 (pemv-1) and the umbravirus pea enation mosaic virus-2 (pemv-2). encapsidated rnas 1 and 2 are covalently linked to a 3138 da vpg encoded by the rna of pemv-1. to determine the role of the vpg in the pathogenicity of pemv (pemv-1+pemv-2), the infectivity of clones with mutations in key amino acids in the vpg was evaluated in protoplasts and in plants. using quantitative, real-time ... | 2000 | 10725438 |
| mechanical transmission of potato leafroll virus. | like typical luteoviruses, potato leafroll virus (plrv) cannot be transmitted mechanically by rubbing plants with solutions containing virus particles. however, plrv was found to be mechanically transmissible from extracts of plants that had been inoculated by viruliferous aphids and then post-inoculated with pea enation mosaic virus-2 (pemv-2). unlike the asymptomatic infections induced by either virus alone, double infections in nicotiana benthamiana induced necrotic symptoms with some line pa ... | 2000 | 11038393 |
| umbravirus gene expression helps potato leafroll virus to invade mesophyll tissues and to be transmitted mechanically between plants. | potato leafroll virus (plrv) was mechanically transmissible when inocula also contained the umbravirus pea enation mosaic virus-2 (pemv-2). in plants infected with plrv and pemv-2, plrv accumulated in clusters of mesophyll cells in both inoculated and systemically infected leaves. no transmissions were obtained by coinoculation with potato virus y, potato virus x (pvx), tobacco mosaic virus, or cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), although plrv was transmissible from mixtures with cmv(orf4) (a recombina ... | 2001 | 11485404 |
| umbravirus-encoded proteins both stabilize heterologous viral rna and mediate its systemic movement in some plant species. | the proteins encoded by open reading frame 3 (orf3) of the umbraviruses pea enation mosaic virus-2 and tobacco mottle virus, like that of groundnut rosette virus, mediated the movement of viral rna through the phloem of infected nicotiana benthamiana or n. clevelandii plants when they were expressed from chimeric tobacco mosaic virus in place of the coat protein. however, these chimeras did not move systemically in n. tabacum. in lysates of n. benthamiana or n. tabacum protoplasts, the chimeric ... | 2001 | 11601910 |
| thermodynamic analysis of conserved loop-stem interactions in p1-p2 frameshifting rna pseudoknots from plant luteoviridae. | the rna genomes of plant luteovirids beet western yellows virus (bwyv), potato leaf roll virus (plrv), and pea enation mosaic virus (pemv rna1; pemv-1) contain a short mrna pseudoknotted motif overlapping the p1 and p2 open reading frames required for programmed -1 mrna ribosomal frameshifting. the relationship between structure, stability, and function is poorly understood in these rna systems. a m(5)-c(8)-substituted bwyv rna is employed to establish that the bwyv p1-p2 pseudoknot is protonate ... | 2002 | 12186552 |
| solution structure of a luteoviral p1-p2 frameshifting mrna pseudoknot. | a hairpin-type messenger rna pseudoknot from pea enation mosaic virus rna1 (pemv-1) regulates the efficiency of programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting. the solution structure and 15n relaxation rates reveal that the pemv-1 pseudoknot is a compact-folded structure composed almost entirely of rna triple helix. a three nucleotide reverse turn in loop 1 positions a protonated cytidine, c(10), in the correct orientation to form an a((n-1)).c(+).g-c(n) major groove base quadruple, like that found in th ... | 2002 | 12225754 |
| detection of scalar couplings involving 2'-hydroxyl protons across hydrogen bonds in a frameshifting mrna pseudoknot. | the -1 frameshift-stimulating mrna pseudoknot from pea enation mosaic virus-1 (pemv-1) is composed nearly entirely of rna triple helix.(4) the 2'-oh hydroxyl protons of riboses c15 and c16 are hydrogen bond donors to the n1 atoms of adenosines a27 and a25, respectively, positioned in the minor groove of pseudoknot stem s1. in this paper, a nonrefocused (1)h,(15)n cpmg hsqc of uniformly (13)c,(15)n-labeled 33-mer pemv-1 rna has been tailored to reveal a correlation of the 2'-oh hydroxyl proton of ... | 2003 | 12696863 |
| the latent period of pea-enation mosaic virus in the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris)--an approach to its estimation. | | 1965 | 14277086 |
| intracellular salivation is the aphid activity associated with inoculation of non-persistently transmitted viruses. | approximately 75 % of aphid-vectored viruses are transmitted in a non-persistent (non-circulative) manner. localization studies indicate that such viruses are acquired via ingestion and retained in the food canal of the maxillary stylets, but the inoculation mechanism has remained unresolved. electrical recording of stylet penetration activities reveals that inoculation is associated with the first intracellular activity (subphase ii-1) following maxillary puncture of an epidermal cell. subphase ... | 2005 | 15659767 |
| a simple wax-embedding method for isolation of aphid hemolymph for detection of luteoviruses in the hemocoel. | a protocol for isolating hemolymph from viruliferous aphids has been developed. this method uses warm melted wax to immobilize the aphid. following removal of a hind leg, the hemolymph can be collected readily. flushing with rnase-free water allows for collection of sufficient hemolymph for rna extraction from individual aphids. the extracted rna was successfully used for detection of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) and pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) from individual viruliferous rhopalosiphum ... | 2006 | 16307802 |
| replication of pea enation mosaic virus rna in isolated pea nuclei. | isolated nuclei from healthy pea plants were primed with pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), southern bean mosaic virus (sbmv), radish mosaic virus (rdmv), tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), pemv rna, sbmv rna, rdmv rna, or tmv rna. rna replication occurred only with pemv rna and not with intact pemv or any of the other viruses or rnas, as judged by ensuing actinomycin d-insensitive polymerase activity. molecular hybridization experiments showed that some of the product of the polymerase was pemv-specific ... | 1977 | 16592421 |
| occurrence of viruses infecting pea in iran. | a survey was conducted to determine the incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bean yellow mosaic virus (bymv), broad bean wilt virus-1 (bbwv), pea leafroll virus (plrv), pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), pea seed borne mosaic virus (psbmv), potato virus x(pvx), tomato mosaic virus (tomv), tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) on pea (pisum sativum) in iran. a total of 1276 random and 684 symptomatic pea samples were collected during the spring and summer of 2002-2004 in tehran province of iran, whe ... | 2006 | 17390891 |
| complex interactions between a plant pathogen and insect parasitoid via the shared vector-host: consequences for host plant infection. | plant viruses modify the development of their aphid vectors by inducing physiological changes in the shared host plant. the performance of hymenopterous parasitoids exploiting these aphids can also be modified by the presence of the plant pathogen. we used laboratory and glasshouse microcosms containing beans (vicia faba) as the host plant to examine the interactions between a plant virus (pea enation mosaic virus; pemv) and a hymenopterous parasitoid (aphidius ervi) that share the aphid vector/ ... | 2008 | 18566836 |
| purification and properties of the pea enation mosaic virus. | a procedure was developed for the purification of the pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) using differential and rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose density gradients. infectivity and serological data indicated that the highest virus concentration occurs in infected peas (pisum sativum) 10-12 days after mechanical inoculation when the plants are grown at 16-22 degrees . tests with several buffer salts at various concentrations and ph values showed that 0.1-0.3 m acetate, ph 6.0, was the most suitab ... | 1966 | 18611480 |
| translation of potyvirus rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: reaction conditions and identification of capsid protein as one of the products of in vitro translation of tobacco etch and pepper mottle viral rnas. | rnas of pepper mottle virus (pemv) and tobacco etch virus (tev) were efficient messengers when translated in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. viral rna (39 s) isolated from sucrose density gradients stimulated [35s]methionine incorporation into products precipitated by trichloroacetic acid 15- to 20-fold over endogenous background levels. optimal reaction conditions for in vitro translation contained 2 mug rna/30 mul reaction assay, 0.8-1.0 mm magnesium ions, and 100-125 mm potassium ions. ... | 1980 | 18631642 |
| translation of potyvirus rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: identification of nuclear inclusion proteins as products of tobacco etch virus rna translation and cylindrical inclusion protein as a product of the potyvirus genome. | the translations of tobacco etch virus (tev) rna and pepper mottle virus (pemv) rna in the mrna-dependent rabbit reticulocyte lysate produced products which comigrated with potyviral inclusion proteins on polyacrylamide gels. the tev rna translation products comigrating with the 49,000 and 54,000 molecular weight tev nuclear inclusion proteins were also immunoprecipitated by antisera specific to the nuclear inclusion proteins. the proteolytic peptide map of the comigrating in vitro translation p ... | 1980 | 18631661 |
| translation of potyvirus rna in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate: cell-free translation strategy and a genetic map of the potyviral genome. | the translations of tobacco etch virus (tev) rna and pepper mottle virus (pemv) in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate were analyzed to determine the effect of rna quality on template activity and to identify all the products of the potyviral genome. the size distribution of the in vitro translation products, as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page), was dependent on rna quality. full-length rna stimulated the cell-free synthesis primarily of a 87,000 (87k) mo ... | 1980 | 18631662 |
| the in vitro translation of pea enation mosaic virus rna. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) rna was isolated from virions and then translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and in wheat germ extracts. rna 1 (apparent molecular weight, mr 1.77 x 106) was shown to code for two major translation products, vp2 (mr 88,000) and vp4 (mr 36,000) plus a high-molecular-weight minor product vp1 (mr 147,000). tryptic peptide comparisons of vp2 and vp4 revealed unique amino acid sequences for each product indicating that vp2 was not a read through protein of vp4. the ... | 1984 | 18639830 |
| isolation and partial characterization of the amorphous cytoplasmic inclusions associated with infections caused by two potyviruses. | the potyviruses pepper mottle (pemv) and watermelon mosaic virus-1, a strain of papaya ringspot (prsv-w), induce the formation of a second type of cytoplasmic inclusion in addition to cylindrical (pinwheel) inclusions. the conspicuous aggregates of electron-dense material with imperfect spherical shapes have been called amorphous inclusions (ai). the ai were isolated from extracts of infected tissue using a combination of clarification with triton x-100 and low-speed centrifugations through sucr ... | 1985 | 18639842 |
| identification of potyviral amorphous inclusion protein as a nonstructural, virus-specific protein related to helper component. | antisera to amorphous inclusion (ai) proteins associated with infections by pepper mottle virus (pemv) and the watermelon mosaic virus-1 strain of papaya ringspot virus (prsv-w) were used to probe in vitro translation products of the viral rnas. the major translation product of pemv rna in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate (rrl) system was a previously reported polypeptide of apparent molecular weight 78,000 (mr 78k). it reacted with anti-ai serum, whereas the major translation product in the wheat ... | 1985 | 18639843 |
| nucleotide sequence at the 3' terminus of pepper mottle virus genomic rna: evidence for an alternative mode of potyvirus capsid protein gene organization. | the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1481 nucleotides of the pepper mottle virus (pemv) genome has been determined. the sequence was determined by dideoxy nucleotide sequencing of complementary dna which had been inserted into m13 bacteriophage cloning vectors and was confirmed by sequencing selected regions of pemv rna. a discrete open reading frame of 993 nucleotides, ending 333 nucleotides from the 3'-terminal polyadenylate tract, was identified that potentially encoded a 37,669-mw protein. the am ... | 1985 | 18640557 |
| biochemical analysis of the capsid protein gene and capsid protein of tobacco etch virus: n-terminal amino acids are located on the virion's surface. | the sequence of the 1491 nucleotides found at the 3' end of the genome of the highly aphid-transmissible (hat) isolate of tobacco etch virus (tev) has been determined. the nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene has been identified and compared with the corresponding region of the not-aphid-transmissible (nat) isolate of tev and with pepper mottle virus (pemv). the deduced amino acid sequences of the two tev capsid proteins displayed 98% homology and a 66% homology with pemv capsid protei ... | 1985 | 18640560 |
| coat protein of potyviruses. 2. amino acid sequence of the coat protein of potato virus y. | the amino acid sequence of the coat protein of potato virus y (pvy), the type member of the potyvirus group, has been determined by protein sequencing techniques. the protein contains 267 amino acid residues with a calculated mol wt of 29,945. a comparison of the pvy coat protein sequence with those of tobacco etch virus (tev) and pepper mottle virus (pemv) predicted from nucleotide sequence data (r. f. allison, j. g. sorenson, m. e. kelly, f. b. armstrong, and w. g. dougherty, proc. natl. acad. ... | 1986 | 18640638 |
| baculovirus-expressed virus-like particles of pea enation mosaic virus vary in size and encapsidate baculovirus mrnas. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv: family luteoviridae) is transmitted in a persistent, circulative manner by aphids. we inserted cdnas encoding the structural proteins of pemv, the coat protein (cp) and coat protein-read through domain (cprt) into the genome of the baculovirus autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus with and without a histidine tag or an upstream kozak consensus sequence. the sf21 cell line provided the highest level of cp expression of the cell lines tested and resul ... | 2009 | 19013202 |
| do plant viruses facilitate their aphid vectors by inducing symptoms that alter behavior and performance? | aphids can respond both positively and negatively to virus-induced modifications of the shared host plant. it can be speculated that viruses dependent on aphids for their transmission might evolve to induce changes in the host plant that attract aphids and improve their performance, subsequently enhancing the success of the pathogen itself. we studied how pea aphids [acyrthosiphon pisum (harris)] responded to infection of tic beans (vicia faba l.) by three viruses with varying degrees of depende ... | 2008 | 19161702 |
| the readthrough domain of pea enation mosaic virus coat protein is not essential for virus stability in the hemolymph of the pea aphid. | a fraction of the coat protein (cp) subunits in virions of members of the family luteoviridae contain a c-terminal extension called the readthrough domain (rtd). the rtd is necessary for persistent aphid transmission, but its role is unknown. it has been reported to be required for virion stability in the hemolymph. here, we tested whether this was the case for pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) virions in the pea aphid (acyrthosiphon pisum) using rna1delta, a natural deletion mutant lacking the mi ... | 2009 | 19240978 |
| structure of a viral cap-independent translation element that functions via high affinity binding to the eif4e subunit of eif4f. | rnas of many positive strand rna viruses lack a 5' cap structure and instead rely on cap-independent translation elements (cites) to facilitate efficient translation initiation. the mechanisms by which these rnas recruit ribosomes are poorly understood, and for many viruses the cite is unknown. here we identify the first cite of an umbravirus in the 3'-untranslated region of pea enation mosaic virus rna 2. chemical and enzymatic probing of the approximately 100-nucleotide pemv rna 2 cite (pte), ... | 2009 | 19276085 |
| analysis of the accumulation of pea enation mosaic virus genomes in seed tissues and lack of evidence for seed transmission in pea (pisum sativum). | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) is an important virus disease of pea. international movement of commercial pea cultivars and germplasm can be problematic due to uncertainty about seed transmission of the viruses responsible for the disease. whether pemv is seedborne was assessed by collecting developing seed from infected plants and determining the relative concentrations of the pemv-1 and pemv-2 viral genomes using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. the rela ... | 2009 | 19821732 |
| transcriptomic analysis of intestinal genes following acquisition of pea enation mosaic virus by the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum. | viruses in the family luteoviridae are strictly transmitted by aphids in a non-propagative, circulative and persistent mode. virions ingested by aphids successively cross the gut and the accessory salivary gland epithelia before being released, together with saliva, into the plant vasculature. virion transport through aphid cells occurs by a transcytosis mechanism. this study conducted a transcriptomic analysis of intestinal genes of the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum following uptake of pea enat ... | 2010 | 19923264 |
| a peptide that binds the pea aphid gut impedes entry of pea enation mosaic virus into the aphid hemocoel. | development of ways to block virus transmission by aphids could lead to novel and broad-spectrum means of controlling plant viruses. viruses in the luteoviridae enhanced are obligately transmitted by aphids in a persistent manner that requires virion accumulation in the aphid hemocoel. to enter the hemocoel, the virion must bind and traverse the aphid gut epithelium. by screening a phage display library, we identified a 12-residue gut binding peptide (gbp3.1) that binds to the midgut and hindgut ... | 2010 | 20223498 |
| molecular characterization of pea enation mosaic virus and bean leafroll virus from the pacific northwest, usa. | the family luteoviridae consists of eight viruses assigned to three different genera, luteovirus, polerovirus and enamovirus. the complete genomic sequences of pea enation mosaic virus (genus enamovirus) and bean leafroll virus (genus luteovirus) from the pacific northwest, usa, were determined. annotation, sequence comparisons, and phylogenetic analysis of selected genes together with those of known polero- and enamoviruses were conducted. | 2010 | 20697921 |
| conditional facilitation of an aphid vector, acyrthosiphon pisum, by the plant pathogen, pea enation mosaic virus. | plant pathogens can induce symptoms that affect the performance of insect herbivores utilizing the same host plant. previous studies examining the effects of infection of tic bean, vicia faba l. (fabales: fabaceae), by pea enation mosaic virus (pemv), an important disease of legume crops, indicated there were no changes in the growth and reproductive rate of its primary vector the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum (harris) (hemiptera: aphididae). here, we report the results of laboratory experiment ... | 2010 | 21067425 |
| the cap-binding translation initiation factor, eif4e, binds a pseudoknot in a viral cap-independent translation element. | eukaryotic initiation factor eif4e performs a key early step in translation by specifically recognizing the m(7)gpppn cap structure at the 5' end of cellular mrnas. many viral mrnas lack a 5' cap and thus bypass eif4e. in contrast, we reported a cap-independent translation element (pte) in pea enation mosaic virus rna2 that binds and requires eif4e for translation initiation. to understand how this uncapped rna is bound tightly by eif4e, we employ shape probing, phylogenetic comparisons with new ... | 2011 | 21645857 |
| long-distance kissing loop interactions between a 3' proximal y-shaped structure and apical loops of 5' hairpins enhance translation of saguaro cactus virus. | circularization of cellular mrnas is a key event prior to translation initiation. we report that efficient translation of saguaro cactus virus (scv) requires a 3' translational enhancer (pte) located partially in coding sequences. unlike a similar pte reported in the 3' utr of pea enation mosaic virus that does not engage in an rna:rna interaction (wang z. et al., j. biol. chem. 284, 14189-14202, 2009), the scv pte participates in long distance rna:rna interactions with hairpins located in the p ... | 2011 | 21664637 |
| genomic characterization of pea enation mosaic virus-2 from the pacific northwestern usa. | | 2011 | 21837418 |
| photosynthetic alterations of pea leaves infected systemically by pea enation mosaic virus: a coordinated decrease in efficiencies of co(2) assimilation and photosystem ii photochemistry. | we have investigated photosynthetic changes of fully expanded pea leaves infected systemically by pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) that often attacks legumes particularly in northern temperate regions. a typical compatible virus-host interaction was monitored during 40 post-inoculation days (dpi). an initial pemv-induced decrease in photosynthetic co(2) assimilation was detected at 15 dpi, when the virus appeared in the measured leaves. this decrease was not induced by stomata closure and corresp ... | 2011 | 22000051 |
| multiple cis-acting elements modulate programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting in pea enation mosaic virus. | programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 prf) is used by many positive-strand rna viruses for translation of required products. despite extensive studies, it remains unresolved how cis-elements just downstream of the recoding site promote a precise level of frameshifting. the umbravirus pea enation mosaic virus rna2 expresses its rna polymerase by -1 prf of the 5'-proximal orf (p33). three hairpins located in the vicinity of the recoding site are phylogenetically conserved among umbraviruses. t ... | 2016 | 26578603 |
| automated solution-phase synthesis of insect glycans to probe the binding affinity of pea enation mosaic virus. | pea enation mosaic virus (pemv)--a plant rna virus transmitted exclusively by aphids--causes disease in multiple food crops. however, the aphid-virus interactions required for disease transmission are poorly understood. for virus transmission, pemv binds to a heavily glycosylated receptor aminopeptidase n in the pea aphid gut and is transcytosed across the gut epithelium into the aphid body cavity prior to release in saliva as the aphid feeds. to investigate the role of glycans in pemv-aphid int ... | 2015 | 26457763 |
| in vitro evidence supports membrane alanyl aminopeptidase n as a receptor for a plant virus in the pea aphid vector. | insect-borne plant viruses cause significant agricultural losses and jeopardize sustainable global food production. although blocking plant virus transmission would allow for crop protection, virus receptors in insect vectors are unknown. here we identify membrane alanyl aminopeptidase n (apn) as a receptor for pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) coat protein (cp) in the gut of the pea aphid, acyrthosiphon pisum, using a far-western blot method. pulldown and immunofluorescence binding assays and sur ... | 2015 | 26311872 |
| the 3' untranslated region of pea enation mosaic virus contains two t-shaped, ribosome-binding, cap-independent translation enhancers. | many plant viruses without 5' caps or 3' poly(a) tails contain 3' proximal, cap-independent translation enhancers (3'cites) that bind to ribosomal subunits or translation factors thought to assist in ribosome recruitment. most 3'cites participate in a long-distance kissing-loop interaction with a 5' proximal hairpin to deliver ribosomal subunits to the 5' end for translation initiation. pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) contains two adjacent 3'cites in the center of its 703-nucleotide 3' untransla ... | 2014 | 25100834 |
| the kissing-loop t-shaped structure translational enhancer of pea enation mosaic virus can bind simultaneously to ribosomes and a 5' proximal hairpin. | the pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) 3' translational enhancer, known as the kissing-loop t-shaped structure (kl-tss), binds to 40s subunits, 60s subunits, and 80s ribosomes, whereas the turnip crinkle virus (tcv) tss binds only to 60s subunits and 80s ribosomes. using electrophoretic mobility gel shift assay (emsa)-based competition assays, the kl-tss was found to occupy a different site in the ribosome than the p-site-binding tcv tss, suggesting that these two tss employ different mechanisms fo ... | 2013 | 23986599 |
| identification of a new enamovirus associated with citrus vein enation disease by deep sequencing of small rnas. | to identify the causal agent of citrus vein enation disease, we examined by deep sequencing (solexa-illumina) the small rna (srna) fraction from infected and healthy etrog citron plants. our results showed that virus-derived srnas (vsrnas): (i) represent about 14.21% of the total srna population, (ii) are predominantly of 21 and 24 nucleotides with a biased distribution of their 5' nucleotide and with a clear prevalence of those of (+) polarity, and (iii) derive from all the viral genome, althou ... | 2013 | 23718835 |
| a ribosome-binding, 3' translational enhancer has a t-shaped structure and engages in a long-distance rna-rna interaction. | many plant rna viruses contain elements in their 3' untranslated regions (3' utrs) that enhance translation. the pte (panicum mosaic virus-like translational enhancer) of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) binds to eukaryotic initiation factor 4e (eif4e), but how this affects translation from the 5' end is unknown. we have discovered a three-way branched element just upstream of the pemv pte that engages in a long-distance kissing-loop interaction with a coding sequence hairpin that is critical for ... | 2012 | 22761367 |
| the enamovirus p0 protein is a silencing suppressor which inhibits local and systemic rna silencing through ago1 degradation. | the p0 protein of poleroviruses and p1 protein of sobemoviruses suppress the plant's rna silencing machinery. here we identified a silencing suppressor protein (ssp), p0(pe), in the enamovirus pea enation mosaic virus-1 (pemv-1) and showed that it and the p0s of poleroviruses potato leaf roll virus and cereal yellow dwarf virus have strong local and systemic ssp activity, while the p1 of sobemovirus southern bean mosaic virus supresses systemic silencing. the nuclear localized p0(pe) has no disc ... | 2012 | 22361475 |
| structural and autoradiographic observations of the infection of tobacco protoplasts with pea enation mosaic virus. | the structural changes accompanying infection of tobacco protoplasts with pea enation mosaic virus have been examined by electron microscopy. the first visible response to infection is the appearance at about 17 h post inoculation of cytoplasmic membrane bound bodies enclosing a series of fibril-containing vesicles. at later stages of infection a proportion of these bodies appear to fuse with the nuclear membrane. intact virus is found only within the nucleus. the fibrils within the vesicles are ... | 1974 | 24442501 |
| the mechanism of infection of plant protoplasts by viruses. | the process of virus infection of protoplasts isolated from tobacco leaves has been examined by means of electron microscopy. immediately after inoculation, virus particles appear at two types of site: trapped in complex surface lesions of the plasmalemma, or in peripheral cytoplasmic vesicles. the complex lesions are only visible after treatment of the protoplasts with inocula containing poly-l-ornithine. with infection by tobacco mosaic virus and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus, which require po ... | 1973 | 24468812 |
| synergistic infection of bryv and pemv 2 increases the accumulations of both bryv and bryv-derived sirnas in nicotiana benthamiana. | viral synergism is caused by co-infection of two unrelated viruses, leading to more severe symptoms or increased titres of one or both viruses. synergistic infection of phloem-restricted poleroviruses and umbraviruses has destructive effects on crop plants. the mechanism underlying this synergy remains elusive. in our study, synergism was observed in co-infections of a polerovirus brassica yellows virus (bryv) and an umbravirus pea enation mosaic virus 2 (pemv 2) on nicotiana benthamiana, which ... | 2017 | 28345652 |
| quantification of pea enation mosaic virus 1 and 2 during infection of pisum sativum by one step real-time rt-pcr. | pea enation mosaic virus 1 (pemv1) and pea enation mosaic virus 2 (pemv2) are two viruses in an obligate symbiosis that cause pea enation mosaic disease mainly in plants in the fabaceae family. this virus system is a valuable model to investigate plant virus replication, movement and vector transmission. thus, here we describe growth conditions, virus detection methods, and virus accumulation behavior. to measure the accumulation and movement of pemv1 and pemv2 in plants during the course of inf ... | 2017 | 27915037 |
| role of pea enation mosaic virus coat protein in the host plant and aphid vector. | understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in plant virus-vector interactions is essential for the development of effective control measures for aphid-vectored epidemic plant diseases. the coat proteins (cp) are the main component of the viral capsids, and they are implicated in practically every stage of the viral infection cycle. pea enation mosaic virus 1 (pemv1, enamovirus, luteoviridae) and pea enation mosaic virus 2 (pemv2, umbravirus, tombusviridae) are two rna viruses in an obligate ... | 2016 | 27869713 |
| differential use of 3'cites by the subgenomic rna of pea enation mosaic virus 2. | the genomic rna (grna) of pea enation mosaic virus 2 (pemv2) is the template for p33 and -1 frameshift product p94. the pemv2 subgenomic rna (sgrna) encodes two overlapping orfs, p26 and p27, which are required for movement and stability of the grna. efficient translation of p33 requires two of three 3' proximal cap-independent translation enhancers (3'cites): the kl-tss, which binds ribosomes and engages in a long-distance interaction with the 5'end; and the adjacent eif4e-binding pte. unlike t ... | 2017 | 28750323 |
| host range and overwintering sources of bean leaf roll and pea enation mosaic viruses in england. | | 1973 | 4806457 |
| comparative transmission of bean leaf roll and pea enation mosaic viruses by aphids. | | 1973 | 4806456 |