| redescriptions of anopheles punctimacula and an. malefactor (diptera: culicidae). | anopheles malefactor dyar and knab is elevated from synonymy with an. punctimacula dyar and knab, and both species are described and illustrated. primary morphological differences in the adult, pupal, and larval stages are provided for the separation and recognition of these species. an. punctimacula occurs from mexico to northern colombia and venezuela, whereas an. malefactor is restricted to panama and northwestern colombia. literature records indicate that an. punctimacula is naturally infect ... | 1990 | 2093767 |
| characterization and detection of anopheles vestitipennis and anopheles punctimacula (diptera: culicidae) larval habitats in belize with field survey and spot satellite imagery. | surveys of larval habitats of anopheles vestitipennis and anopheles punctimacula were conducted in belize, central america. habitat analysis and classification resulted in delineation of eight habitat types defined by dominant life forms and hydrology. percent cover of tall dense macrophytes, shrubs, open water, and ph were significantly different between sites with and without an. vestitipennis. for an. punctimacula, percent cover of tall dense macrophytes, trees, detritus, open water, and wate ... | 1998 | 9673933 |
| larval habitats of anopheline mosquitoes in the upper orinoco, venezuela. | survey of larval habitats of anopheline mosquitoes was conducted in ocamo in the state of amazonas, southern venezuela. the sampled habitats belonged to three different hydrological types: lagoons (26 habitats), forest pools including flooded forest (16 habitats), and forest streams (4 habitats). out of 46 habitats surveyed, 31 contained anopheline larvae. six species were found: anopheles darlingi, anopheles triannulatus, anopheles oswaldoi, anopheles peryassui, anopheles punctimacula, and anop ... | 1999 | 10672542 |
| host feeding preferences of anopheles species collected by manual aspiration, mechanical aspiration, and from a vehicle-mounted trap in the toledo district, belize, central america. | the host-feeding patterns of anopheles albimanus, anopheles vestitipennis, and anopheles punctimacula from the toledo district in southern belize were studied with blood-fed females that were collected by manual aspiration, a backpack aspirator, and a vehicle-mounted trap for sampling in-flight mosquito populations. female an. vestitipennis collected from both inside and outside house walls by manual aspiration tested positive for human blood meals (88 and 67%, respectively). at increasing dista ... | 2002 | 12542188 |
| host choice and human blood index of anopheles pseudopunctipennis in a village of the andean valleys of bolivia. | the human blood index (hbi, proportion of bloodmeals of a mosquito population obtained from man) is relevant to epidemiological assessment and to the modification of measures to interrupt malaria transmission since the vectorial capacity of the vector varies as the square of the hbi. anopheles pseudopunctipennis is a main malaria vector in south america. unfortunately, few data exist concerning hbi values in its range of distribution and none from bolivia where this species is considered as an i ... | 2007 | 17241459 |
| host selection and gonotrophic cycle length of anopheles punctimacula in southern mexico. | the host preference, survival rates, and length of the gonotrophic cycle of anopheles punctimacula was investigated in southern méxico. mosquitoes were collected in 15-day separate experiments during the rainy and dry seasons. daily changes in the parous-nulliparous ratio were recorded and the gonotrophic cycle length was estimated by a time series analysis. anopheles punctimacula was most abundant during the dry season and preferred animals to humans. the daily survival rate in mosquitoes colle ... | 2006 | 17304932 |
| a low-cost repellent for malaria vectors in the americas: results of two field trials in guatemala and peru. | the cost of mosquito repellents in latin america has discouraged their wider use among the poor. to address this problem, a low-cost repellent was developed that reduces the level of expensive repellent actives by combining them with inexpensive fixatives that appear to slow repellent evaporation. the chosen actives were a mixture of para-menthane-diol (pmd) and lemongrass oil (lg). | 2007 | 17678537 |
| species composition and distribution of adult anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in panama. | anopheles (diptera: culicidae) species composition and distribution were studied using human landing catch data over a 35-yr period in panama. mosquitoes were collected from 77 sites during 228 field trips carried out by members of the national malaria eradication service. fourteen anopheles species were identified. the highest average human biting rates were recorded from anopheles (nyssorhynchus) albimanus (wiedemann) (9.8 bites/person/night) and anopheles (anopheles) punctimacula (dyar and kn ... | 2008 | 18826025 |
| anopheles darlingi (diptera: culicidae) in panama. | we report anopheles darlingi in darien province in eastern panama. polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles of the single copy nuclear white gene and sequence comparisons confirmed the presence of 66 specimens of the northern lineage of an. darlingi. the parsimony network depicted 5 co1 haplotypes in 40 specimens of an. darlingi, which connected through 7-8 mutational steps with sequences from central and south america. furthermore, the presence of haplotypes i ... | 2009 | 19556561 |
| species composition and natural infectivity of anthropophilic anopheles (diptera: culicidae) in the states of córdoba and antioquia, northwestern colombia. | malaria is a serious health problem in the states of córdoba and antioquia, northwestern colombia, where 64.4% of total colombian cases were reported in 2007. because little entomological information is available in this region, the aim of this work was to identify the anopheles species composition and natural infectivity of mosquitoes distributed in seven localities with highest malaria transmission. a total of 1,768 anopheles mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches from march 200 ... | 2009 | 20140372 |
| confirmation of anopheles (anopheles) calderoni wilkerson, 1991 (diptera: culicidae) in colombia and ecuador through molecular and morphological correlation with topotypic material. | the morphologically similar taxa anopheles calderoni, anopheles punctimacula, anopheles malefactor and anopheles guarao are commonly misidentified. isofamilies collected in valle de cauca, colombia, showed morphological characters most similar to an. calderoni, a species which has never previously been reported in colombia. although discontinuity of the postsubcostal pale spots on the costa (c) and first radial (r1) wing veins is purportedly diagnostic for an. calderoni, the degree of overlap of ... | 2010 | 21225197 |
| epidemiology and control of malaria in colombia. | malaria is currently one of the most serious public health problems in colombia with an endemic/epidemic transmission pattern that has maintained endemic levels and an average of 105,000 annual clinical cases being reported over the last five years. plasmodium vivax accounts for approximately 70% of reported cases with the remainder attributed almost exclusively to plasmodium falciparum. a limited number of severe and complicated cases have resulted in mortality, which is a downward trend that h ... | 2011 | 21881765 |
| new records of mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) from bolívar state in south eastern venezuela, with 27 new species for the state and 5 of them new in the country. | this is the first part of a series of studies related to mosquito ecological and biogeographic aspects. a total of 69 mosquito species (diptera: culicidae) was collected in 16 localities sampled in the gran sabana municipality, canaima national park, and venezuela. twenty-seven mosquito species are recorded for the first time from bolívar state, venezuela. five of them species are reported for the first time in venezuela: anopheles malefactor dyar and knab (1907); chagasia bonneae root (1927); c ... | 2015 | 25853113 |
| diversity of mosquitoes and the aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites along the pacific coast of mexico. | the abundance, richness and diversity of mosquitoes and aquatic insects associated with their oviposition sites were surveyed along eight states of the pacific coast of mexico. diversity was estimated using the shannon index (h'), similarity measures and cluster analysis. | 2014 | 24450800 |
| molecular taxonomy provides new insights into anopheles species of the neotropical arribalzagia series. | phylogenetic analysis of partial mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase c subunit i (coi) and nuclear internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) sequences were used to evaluate initial identification and to investigate phylogenetic relationships of seven anopheles morphospecies of the arribalzagia series from colombia. phylogenetic trees recovered highly supported clades for an. punctimaculas.s., an. calderoni, an. malefactor s.l., an. neomaculipalpus, an. apicimacula s.l., an. mattogrossensis and an. perya ... | 2015 | 25774795 |
| malaria vectors in ecologically heterogeneous localities of the colombian pacific region. | the colombian pacific region is second nationally in number of malaria cases reported. this zone presents great ecological heterogeneity and anopheles species diversity. however, little is known about the current spatial and temporal distribution of vector species. this study, conducted in three ecologically different localities of the pacific region, aimed to evaluate the composition and distribution of anopheles species and characterize transmission intensity. a total of 4,016 anopheles mosqui ... | 2014 | 25090233 |
| novel genetic diversity within anopheles punctimacula s.l.: phylogenetic discrepancy between the barcode cytochrome c oxidase i (coi) gene and the rdna second internal transcribed spacer (its2). | anopheles punctimacula s.l. is a regional malaria vector in parts of central america, but its role in transmission is controversial due to its unresolved taxonomic status. two cryptic species, an. malefactor and an. calderoni, have been previously confused with this taxon, and evidence for further genetic differentiation has been proposed. in the present study we collected and morphologically identified adult female mosquitoes of an. punctimacula s.l. from 10 localities across panama and one in ... | 2013 | 23806568 |
| colombian anopheles triannulatus (diptera: culicidae) naturally infected with plasmodium spp. | the role of anopheles triannulatus as a local vector has not yet been defined for malaria-endemic regions of colombia. therefore, the aim of this work was to detect an. triannulatus naturally infected with plasmodium spp., as an approximation to determining its importance as malaria vector in the country. a total of 510 an. triannulatus were collected in six malaria-endemic localities of nw and se colombia from january 2009 to march 2011. in the nw, two specimens were naturally infected; one wit ... | 2013 | 27335865 |
| abundance, behavior and entomological inoculation rates of anthropophilic anophelines from a primary colombian malaria endemic area. | in colombia for several years, the urabá-bajo cauca and alto sinú region has registered the highest numbers of malaria cases in the country. malaria vector incrimination and the characterization of entomological parameters will allow for a better understanding of malaria transmission dynamics and the design of effective vector control strategies for this region. | 2013 | 23497535 |
| is there malaria transmission in urban settings in colombia? | colombia contributes a significant proportion of malaria cases in the americas, which are predominantly rural. however, in the last 8 years ~ 10 % of the endemic municipalities have also reported urban and peri-urban malaria cases, a growing concern for health authorities. this study focused on the characterization of the officially reported urban malaria cases. | 2015 | 26573620 |
| evaluation of a pcr-rflp-its2 assay for discrimination of anopheles species in northern and western colombia. | anopheles mosquitoes are routinely identified using morphological characters of the female that often lead to misidentification due to interspecies similarity and intraspecies variability. the aim of this work was to evaluate the applicability of a previously developed pcr-rflp-its2 assay for accurate discrimination of anophelines in twelve localities spanning three colombian malaria epidemiological regions: atlantic coast, pacific coast, and uraba-bajo cauca-alto sinu region. the evaluation of ... | 2011 | 21345325 |
| larval habitat characteristics of the main malaria vectors in the most endemic regions of colombia: potential implications for larval control. | malaria incidence has recently decreased globally and, as malaria elimination is envisioned as a possibility by the health authorities, guidance is needed to strengthen malaria control strategies. larval source treatment, which could complement routine vector control strategies, requires knowledge regarding the anopheles larval habitats. | 2015 | 26620401 |
| anopheles species composition explains differences in plasmodium transmission in la guajira, northern colombia. | malaria in la guajira, the most northern state of colombia, shows two different epidemiological patterns. malaria is endemic in the municipality of dibulla whereas in riohacha it is characterised by sporadic outbreaks. this study aimed to establish whether differences in transmission patterns could be attributed to different vector species. the most abundant adult female species were anopheles aquasalis, exclusive to riohacha, and anopheles darlingi, restricted to dibulla. anopheles mosquitoes w ... | 0 | 25411002 |
| larval habitat characterization of anopheles darlingi from its northernmost geographical distribution in chiapas, mexico. | anopheles darlingi is considered the most efficient malaria vector in the neotropical region. in mexico, its role as an incriminated vector of plasmodium has not been confirmed in the lacandon forest. similarly, knowledge about bionomic and larval ecology is scarce. the study aim was to identify and describe the larval habitats of an. darlingi in chiapas, méxico. | 2015 | 26693816 |
| human biting activity, spatial-temporal distribution and malaria vector role of anopheles calderoni in the southwest of colombia. | anopheles calderoni was first recognized in colombia in 2010 as this species had been misidentified as anopheles punctimacula due to morphological similarities. an. calderoni is considered a malaria vector in peru and has been found naturally infected with plasmodium falciparum in colombia. however, its biting behaviour, population dynamics and epidemiological importance have not been well described for colombia. | 2015 | 26104785 |
| mosquito-host interactions during and after an outbreak of equine viral encephalitis in eastern panama. | mosquito blood meals provide information about the feeding habits and host preference of potential arthropod-borne disease vectors. although mosquito-borne diseases are ubiquitous in the neotropics, few studies in this region have assessed patterns of mosquito-host interactions, especially during actual disease outbreaks. based on collections made during and after an outbreak of equine viral encephalitis, we identified the source of 338 blood meals from 10 species of mosquitoes from aruza abajo, ... | 2013 | 24339965 |
| integrated vector management targeting anopheles darlingi populations decreases malaria incidence in an unstable transmission area, in the rural brazilian amazon. | studies on vector behaviour should be conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of vector control measures on malaria protection in endemic areas of latin america, where p. vivax predominates. this work aims to investigate the fauna of anopheline mosquitoes and verify the impact of integrated vector management in two colonization projects in the careiro municipality, western brazilian amazon. | 2012 | 23088224 |
| characterizing, controlling and eliminating residual malaria transmission. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llins) and indoor residual spraying (irs) interventions can reduce malaria transmission by targeting mosquitoes when they feed upon sleeping humans and/or rest inside houses, livestock shelters or other man-made structures. however, many malaria vector species can maintain robust transmission, despite high coverage of llins/irs containing insecticides to which they are physiologically fully susceptible, because they exhibit one or more behaviours that define the b ... | 2014 | 25149656 |
| entomological surveillance of behavioural resilience and resistance in residual malaria vector populations. | the most potent malaria vectors rely heavily upon human blood so they are vulnerable to attack with insecticide-treated nets (itns) and indoor residual spraying (irs) within houses. mosquito taxa that can avoid feeding or resting indoors, or by obtaining blood from animals, mediate a growing proportion of the dwindling transmission that persists as itns and irs are scaled up. | 2013 | 23577656 |
| new highland distribution records of multiple anopheles species in the ecuadorian andes. | several recent climate change reviews have stressed the possibility of some malaria vectors occupying regions of higher altitudes than previously recorded. indeed, highland malaria has been observed in several african nations, possibly attributable to changes in land use, vector control and local climate. this study attempts to expand the current knowledge of the distribution of common anopheles species in ecuador, with particular attention to highland regions (> 500 m) of the andes. | 2011 | 21835004 |
| epidemic and non-epidemic hot spots of malaria transmission occur in indigenous comarcas of panama. | from 2002-2005, panama experienced a malaria epidemic that has been associated with el niño southern oscillation weather patterns, decreased funding for malaria control, and landscape modification. case numbers quickly decreased afterward, and panama is now in the pre-elimination stage of malaria eradication. to achieve this new goal, the characterization of epidemiological risk factors, foci of transmission, and important anopheline vectors is needed. of the 24,681 reported cases in these analy ... | 2016 | 27182773 |
| most outdoor malaria transmission by behaviourally-resistant anopheles arabiensis is mediated by mosquitoes that have previously been inside houses. | anopheles arabiensis is stereotypical of diverse vectors that mediate residual malaria transmission globally, because it can feed outdoors upon humans or cattle, or enter but then rapidly exit houses without fatal exposure to insecticidal nets or sprays. | 2016 | 27093890 |
| prospects and recommendations for risk mapping to improve strategies for effective malaria vector control interventions in latin america. | with malaria control in latin america firmly established in most countries and a growing number of these countries in the pre-elimination phase, malaria elimination appears feasible. a review of the literature indicates that malaria elimination in this region will be difficult without locally tailored strategies for vector control, which depend on more research on vector ecology, genetics and behavioural responses to environmental changes, such as those caused by land cover alterations, and huma ... | 2015 | 26694047 |
| characterization of a recent malaria outbreak in the autonomous indigenous region of guna yala, panama. | this study aims to describe the epidemiological and entomological factors associated with a recent malaria outbreak that occurred in 2012 in a socially marginalized population from guna yala comarca in panama. | 2015 | 26578076 |
| the field evaluation of a push-pull system to control malaria vectors in northern belize, central america. | campaigns for the continued reduction and eventual elimination of malaria may benefit from new and innovative vector control tools. one novel approach being considered uses a push-pull strategy, whereby spatial repellents are used in combination with outdoor baited traps. the desired effect is the behavioural manipulation of mosquito populations to elicit movement of vectors away from people and into traps. | 2015 | 25925395 |
| potential causes and consequences of behavioural resilience and resistance in malaria vector populations: a mathematical modelling analysis. | the ability of mosquitoes to evade fatal exposure to insecticidal nets and sprays represents the primary obstacle to eliminating malaria. however, it remains unclear which behaviours are most important for buffering mosquito and parasite populations against vector control. | 2014 | 24629066 |
| land cover, land use and malaria in the amazon: a systematic literature review of studies using remotely sensed data. | the nine countries sharing the amazon forest accounted for 89% of all malaria cases reported in the americas in 2008. remote sensing can help identify the environmental determinants of malaria transmission and their temporo-spatial evolution. seventeen studies characterizing land cover or land use features, and relating them to malaria in the amazon subregion, were identified. these were reviewed in order to improve the understanding of the land cover/use class roles in malaria transmission. the ... | 2013 | 23758827 |
| malaria in highlands of ecuador since 1900. | a recent epidemic of malaria in the highlands of bolivia and establishment of multiple anopheles species mosquitoes in the highlands of ecuador highlights the reemergence of malaria in the andes mountains in south america. because malaria was endemic to many highland valleys at the beginning of the 20th century, this review outlines the 20th century history of malaria in the highlands of ecuador, and focuses on its incidence (e.g., geographic distribution) and elimination from the northern highl ... | 0 | 22469234 |
| larval habitat associations with human land uses, roads, rivers, and land cover for anopheles albimanus, a. pseudopunctipennis, and a. punctimacula (diptera: culicidae) in coastal and highland ecuador. | larval habitat for three highland anopheles species: anopheles albimanus wiedemann, anopheles pseudopunctipennis theobald, and anopheles punctimacula dyar and knab was related to human land uses, rivers, roads, and remotely sensed land cover classifications in the western ecuadorian andes. of the five commonly observed human land uses, cattle pasture (n = 30) provided potentially suitable habitat for a. punctimacula and a. albimanus in less than 14% of sites, and was related in a principal compo ... | 2012 | 22454623 |
| malaria knowledge, concern, land management, and protection practices among land owners and/or managers in lowland versus highland ecuador. | to control malaria effectively, it is essential to understand the current knowledge, beliefs, concerns, land management practices, and mosquito bite protection methods in use by citizens. this study presents a comparative, quantitative, interview-based study of land owners and/or managers (n = 262) in the ecuadorian lowlands (presently considered malarious) (n = 131) and highlands (potentially malarious in the future) (n = 131). although respondents had a strong understanding of where the diseas ... | 2012 | 22363897 |
| spatial correlations of mapped malaria rates with environmental factors in belize, central america. | background: the purposes of this study were to map overall malaria incidence rates from 1989 through 1999 for villages in belize; to assess the seasonal distribution of malaria incidence by region; and to correlate malaria incidence rates with vegetation cover and rivers in villages, using geographic information system technology.malaria information on 156 villages was obtained from an electronic database maintained by the belize national malaria control program. average annual malaria incidence ... | 2004 | 15035669 |
| [outbreak of malaria in an indigenous population living in an urban area of armenia, colombia, 2012]. | malaria is the most frequent mosquito-borne parasitic infection in the tropical regions of the world. due to different factors, including climate change, this disease can emerge or reemerge in different areas in the planet. | 2015 | 26148031 |
| anthropophilic anopheles species composition and malaria in tierradentro, córdoba, colombia. | malaria is still a primary health problem in colombia. the locality of tierradentro is situated in the municipality of montelíbano, córdoba, in the northwest of colombia, and has one of the highest annual parasite index of malaria nationwide. however, the vectors involved in malaria transmission in this locality have not yet been identified. in this study, the local anthropophilic anopheles composition and natural infectivity with plasmodium were investigated. in august 2009, 927 female anophele ... | 2014 | 24863977 |
| characterization of larval habitats of anopheles albimanus, anopheles pseudopunctipennis, anopheles punctimacula, and anopheles oswaldoi s.l. populations in lowland and highland ecuador. | recent collection data indicate that at least four potential malaria vectors occupy more widespread distributions within the andean highlands than in the past. since habitat elimination is an important aspect of malaria control, it is vital to characterize larval habitats for anopheles species within both lowland and highland sites. to that end, 276 sites within ecuador were surveyed between 2008 and 2010. characteristics of anopheles-present sites for four species were compared to anopheles-abs ... | 2012 | 22548546 |
| diversity of anopheline mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and classification based on the characteristics of the habitats where they were collected in puerto iguazú, misiones, argentina. | in order to extend the knowledge of anopheline diversity and their habitats in three environments with different degrees of anthropic intervention in puerto iguazú, misiones, anopheline larvae were collected and classified on the basis of similarities of their habitats. spatio-temporal abundance was determined and larval diversity and complementarity index were calculated. rank-abundance curves were performed to compare the composition, abundance, and species evenness among environments. a total ... | 2016 | 27860020 |
| fine structure of the eggs of anopheles (anopheles) punctimacula. | the egg of anopheles (anopheles) punctimacula is described from scanning electron micrographs. eggs of an. punctimacula are boat shaped, with lateral floats extending 70% of the length of the egg. plastronlike polyhedral chorionic cells with distinctive boundaries and round tubercles in the cell field cover the dorsal, lateral, and ventral surfaces. narrow decks enclosing a field of irregular jagged tubercles and 2-4 lobed tubercles are present at both egg poles. | 2002 | 11998923 |
| the salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles punctimacula. | | 2008 | 5396847 |
| [notes on the behavior of anopheles punctimacula after ddt spraying]. | | 1957 | 13496993 |
| anopheles punctimacula d. & k. as the vector of malaria in medellin, columbia, south america. | | 1945 | 21010819 |
| quantifying seasonal and diel variation in anopheline and culex human biting rates in southern ecuador. | quantifying mosquito biting rates for specific locations enables estimation of mosquito-borne disease risk, and can inform intervention efforts. measuring biting itself is fraught with ethical concerns, so the landing rate of mosquitoes on humans is often used as a proxy measure. southern coastal ecuador was historically endemic for malaria (plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax), although successful control efforts in the 2000s eliminated autochthonous transmission (since 2011). this study ... | 2017 | 29166907 |
| prevalence of plasmodium parasites in non-human primates and mosquitoes in areas with different degrees of fragmentation in colombia. | parasites from the genus plasmodium, the aetiological agent of malaria in humans, can also infect non-human primates (nhp), increasing the potential risk of zoonotic transmission with its associated global public health concerns. in colombia, there are no recent studies on plasmodium spp. infecting free-ranging nhp. thus, this study aimed to determine the diversity of plasmodium species circulating in fragmented forests in central colombia, both in anopheles mosquitoes and in the four sympatric ... | 2019 | 31426810 |