| besnoitia darlingi (protozoa: toxoplasmatinae): cyclic transmission by cats. | two of five opossums examined from the kansas city area were found to be infected with besnoitia darlingi. inoculation of cysts resulted in acute lethal infections in mice and hamsters. chronic infections with development of tissue cysts were obtained in mice by prophylaxis with sulfadiazine. cysts were fed to cats and a dog which resulted in the shedding of isosporoid oocysts by cats. the prepatent period was 11 to 14 days. unsporulated oocysts averaged 11.9 by 12.3 micrometer and sporulated in ... | 1977 | 592037 |
| identification of a 15-kilodalton surface glycoprotein on sporozoites of cryptosporidium parvum. | an immunoglobulin a monoclonal antibody (mab5c3) was developed against a 15-kda surface glycoprotein (gp15) of cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites. indirect immunofluorescence and colloidal gold immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the antibody reacted with both the sporozoite and merozoite surface plasma membranes. on western immunoblots, mab5c3 binding was found to be strongly inhibited when 200 mm n-acetylglucosamine was used as a competing sugar. n-acetylgalactosamine inhibited binding of ... | 1991 | 1705238 |
| besnoitia darlingi in the opossum (didelphis marsupialis). | | 1971 | 4322769 |
| besnoitia darlingi (apicomplexa, sarcocystidae, toxoplasmatinae): transmission between opossums and cats. | opossums (didelphis marsupialis), act as intermediate hosts for besnoitia darlingi and could be infected orally with sporozoites (oocysts) and bradyzoites (tissue cysts), or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with tachyzoites. infections could presumably be transmitted through cannibalism. cats (felis catus), the definitive host, could be infected only with bradyzoites but not sporozoites. oocysts shed by cats measure about 12 x 12 microns, resemble similarly sized oocysts of toxoplasma gondii and hammond ... | 1984 | 6439859 |
| establishment of besnoitia darlingi from opossums (didelphis virginiana) in experimental intermediate and definitive hosts, propagation in cell culture, and description of ultrastructural and genetic characteristics. | besnoitia darlingi from naturally infected opossums (didelphis virginiana) from mississippi, usa, was propagated experimentally in mice, cats, and cell culture and was characterised according to ultrastructural, genetic, and life-history characteristics. cats fed tissue cysts from opossums shed oocysts with a prepatent period of nine or 11 days. oocysts, bradyzoites, or tachyzoites were infective to outbred and interferon-gamma gene knockout mice. tachyzoites were successfully cultivated and mai ... | 2002 | 12076634 |
| prevalence and tissue distribution of besnoitia darlingi cysts in the virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) in michigan. | specimens of virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana) in michigan were examined over 1 year to document the presence of besnoitia darlingi cysts. cyst morphology, prevalence, seasonal variation, and tissue sites of isolation were studied. histology and ultrastructural features of the detected cysts and bradyzoites were consistent with b. darlingi. in the opossums, b. darlingi had intracellular tissue cysts. tissue cysts had a mean diameter of 560 microm and were separated from the host tissue by ... | 2003 | 12944045 |
| autofluorescence of toxoplasma gondii and related coccidian oocysts. | this is the first report of blue autofluorescence as a useful characteristic in the microscopic detection of toxoplasma gondii, hammondia hammondi, hammondia heydorni, neospora caninum, besnoitia darlingi, and sarcocystis neurona oocysts or sporocysts. this autofluorescence is of sufficient intensity and duration to allow identification of these oocysts from complex microscopic sample backgrounds. as with the autofluorescence of related coccidia, the oocysts glow pale blue when illuminated with ... | 2003 | 14533708 |
| determination of the activity of sulfadiazine against besnoitia darlingi tachyzoites in cultured cells. | the present study examined the efficacy of sulfadiazine in inhibiting tachyzoite production of besnoitia darlingi in bovine turbinate cell cultures. a host cell lesion based assay was used to determine the effect of sulfadiazine on developing tachyzoites in 24-well plate format. also, a cell culture flask assay was used to determine if the selected concentrations of sulfadiazine killed or only suppressed the development of b. darlingi. sulfadiazine inhibited b. darlingi tachyzoite production by ... | 2004 | 15205942 |
| concurrent presence of sarcocystis neurona sporocysts, besnoitia darlingi tissue cysts, and sarcocystis inghami sarcocysts in naturally infected opossums (didelphis virginiana). | opossums (didelphis virginiana) are exposed to a wide range of coccidia through feeding on a variety of foods, including, but not limited to, carrion, insects, and nestling birds. abundant d. virginiana populations in urban and suburban areas can be important reservoirs of parasitic infection because of their profuse and prolonged excretion of the sporocysts of several species of sarcocystis, their omnivorous diet, and their relatively long life span. this report describes 2 adult female opossum ... | 2004 | 15305752 |
| dexamethasone treatment induces susceptibility of outbred webster mice to experimental infection with besnoitia darlingi isolated from opossums (didelphis virginiana). | the sarcocystidae comprise a diverse, monophyletic apicomplexan parasite family, most of whose members form intracellular cysts in their intermediate hosts. the extent of pathology associated with such cyst formation can range widely. we currently lack experimental animal models for many of these infections. here we explored dexamethasone treatment as a means to render outbred mice susceptible to besnoitia darlingi infection and demonstrated that this approach allows viable parasites to be subse ... | 2005 | 15759157 |
| phylogenetic congruence of sarcocystis neurona dubey et al., 1991 (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) in the united states based on sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp). | the objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic diversity, phylogeny and phylogeographical relationships of available sarcocystis neurona isolates from different localities in the united states. all 13 sarcocystis isolates from different hosts were subjected to polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analyses using two published dna markers (25/396 and 33/54). the 334 bp sequence of the 25/396 marker of these isolates and besnoitia darlingi, b ... | 2005 | 16025209 |
| generally applicable methods to purify intracellular coccidia from cell cultures and to quantify purification efficacy using quantitative pcr. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of a simple, efficient, and rapid method for the isolation of sarcocystis neurona merozoites and besnoitia darlingi tachyzoites from cultured cells. the efficacy of this purification method was assessed by microscopy, sds-page, western blotting, immuno-fluorescence, and three novel quantitative pcr assays. culture medium containing host cell debris and parasites was eluted through pd-10 desalting columns. this purification method was compar ... | 2006 | 16280197 |
| ultrastructure characteristics of besnoitia darlingitachyzoites brumpt, 1913 (protozoa: sarcocystidae) of the michigan strain mibd1. | tachyzoites of besnoitia darlingi brumpt, 1913 were redescribed based on new materials isolated from virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana, kerr) from michigan, u.s.a. tachyzoites of the mibd1 strain were propagated in bovine turbinate cell culture for more than two years. a comparison with previously described tachyzoites of the b. darlingi op1 strain from mississippi, usa revealed some morphological differences despite the remarkable genetic homogeneity between the two b. darlingi strains. m ... | 2007 | 18383798 |
| sarcocystis neurona: molecular characterization of enolase domain i region and a comparison to other protozoa. | sarcocystis neurona causes protozoal myeloencephalitis and has the ability to infect a wide host range in contrast to other sarcocystis species. in the current study, five s. neurona isolates from a variety of sources, three sarcocystis falcatula, one sarcocystis dasypi/s. neurona-like isolate, and one besnoitia darlingi isolate were used to compare the enolase 2 gene segment containing the domain i region to previously sequenced enolase genes from neospora caninum, neospora hughesi, toxoplasma ... | 2008 | 18625501 |
| besnoitia darlingi infection in a virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana). | this is a case report of natural infection with besnoitia darlingi in a virginia opossum (didelphis virginiana) in louisiana. clinical pathologic data included a severe nonregenerative anemia, inflammatory leukogram, increased hepatocellular leakage enzymes, renal azotemia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hypoalbuminemia, and proteinuria. tissue cysts containing bradyzoites were found in the majority of organs, especially the skin, mucous membranes, kidneys, adrenals, lungs, and heart. images of the ... | 2009 | 19368269 |
| molecular biological comparison of different besnoitia species and stages from different countries. | besnoitia besnoiti tissue cysts from a recent outbreak in cattle in germany were characterized with respect to their internal transcribed spacer regions 1, 2, and 18s rdna gene sequences. these results were compared with own sequences of an israelian isolate of b. besnoiti and of besnoitia jellisoni cystozoites stored for years in liquid nitrogen. furthermore, material was studied that was obtained from white mice (balb/c) that had been successfully infected by intraperitoneal infection of fresh ... | 2010 | 20135147 |
| prevalence of antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, encephalitozoon cuniculi, sarcocystis neurona, besnoitia darlingi, and neospora caninum in north american opossums, didelphis virginiana, from southern louisiana. | we examined the prevalence of antibodies to zoonotic protozoan parasites ( trypanosoma cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, and encephalitozoon cuniculi) and protozoans of veterinary importance ( neospora caninum, sarcocystis neurona, and besnoitia darlingi) in a population of north american opossums ( didelphis virginiana) from louisiana. samples from 30 opossums were collected as part of a survey for t. cruzi in louisiana. frozen sera from these 30 opossums were examined using an indirect immunofluoresce ... | 2010 | 21158620 |
| quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle. | bovine besnoitiosis, an economically important disease in cattle in some countries of africa and asia, is emerging in europe. the definitive host of besnoitia besnoiti, the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, is unknown and the transmission of the parasite is not completely understood. sensitive and quantitative dna detection methods are needed to determine whether serologically positive animals are infectious and to examine the role of vectors (e.g. haematophagous insects) in the transmissi ... | 2011 | 21324596 |
| serological response of cats to experimental besnoitia darlingi and besnoitia neotomofelis infections and prevalence of antibodies to these parasites in cats from virginia and pennsylvania. | abstract besnoitia darlingi and besnoitia neotomofelis are cyst-forming tissue apicomplexan parasites that use domestic cats ( felis domesticus ) as definitive hosts and opossums ( didelphis virginiana ) and southern plains woodrats ( neotoma micropus ) as intermediate hosts, respectively. nothing is known about the prevalence of b. darlingi or b. neotomofelis in cats from the united states. besnoitia darlingi infections have been reported in naturally infected opossums from many states in the u ... | 2011 | 21506782 |
| debilitation and mortality associated with besnoitiosis in four virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana). | besnoitia spp. are coccidian parasites that infect a variety of wild and domestic mammals as well as some reptiles. although infection with besnoitia is common in virginia opossums (didelphis virginiana), clinical signs or death due to besnoitia is rare. this manuscript describes four virginia opossums that had severe clinical disease and inflammation associated with besnoitiosis. clinical signs included trembling, incoordination, circling, blindness, poor body condition, and sudden death. gross ... | 2012 | 22779243 |