| variability in indian isolates of arthrobotrys dactyloides drechsler: a nematode-trapping fungus. | five isolates of arthrobotrys dactyloides (a, b, c, d, and e) were isolated from different locations of india. their variability in relation to morphology, radial growth, and nematode capturing or trap-forming ability was observed. all of the five isolates produced two-celled slender conidia, whereas wider two- and three-celled conidia were produced by isolates a, c, d, and e only. the wider two- and three-celled conidia were not observed in cultures of isolate b. the isolate b produced macrocon ... | 2006 | 16550464 |
| yield loss caused by meloidogyne graminicola on lowland rainfed rice in bangladesh. | the impact of meloidogyne graminicola on growth and yield of lowland rainfed rice was assessed with and without carbofuran in a rice-wheat rotation area of northwestern bangladesh. the experiment was conducted on farmer fields and at a research station, with experimental plots arranged in a randomized complete block design. prior to transplanting, rice seedling height and dry weight were greater (p </= 0.05) and soil levels of m. graminicola were lower (p </= 0.05) in the treated seedbed plots c ... | 2004 | 19262786 |
| expression of tolerance for meloidogyne graminicola in rice cultivars as affected by soil type and flooding. | the effects of different water regimes on the pathogenicity of meloidogyne graminicola on six rice cultivars were determined in two soil types in three greenhouse experiments. two water regimes, simulating continuous flooding and intermittent flooding, were used with five of the cultivars. all cultivars were susceptible to the nematode, but ir72 and ir74 were more tolerant than ir20 and ir29 under intermittent flooding. all were tolerant under continuous flooding. uplri-5 was grown under multipl ... | 2000 | 19270982 |
| gametogenesis and the chromosomes of two root-knot nematodes, meloidogyne graminicola and m. naasi. | oogenesis and spermatogenesis were studied in populations of m. graminicola and m. naasi from which the species were originally described. maturation of oocytes and spermatocytes in both species was by normal meiosis. the haploid chromosome number determined during the first and second maturation divisions was n = 18 with no variation. the somatic chromosome number determined in early cleavage divisions and, to a limited extent, in oogonial divisions was 2n = 36. reproduction was regularly by me ... | 1969 | 19325656 |
| the jasmonate pathway is a key player in systemically induced defense against root knot nematodes in rice. | complex defense signaling pathways, controlled by different hormones, are involved in the reaction of plants to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress factors. we studied the ability of salicylic acid, jasmonate (ja), and ethylene (et) to induce systemic defense in rice (oryza sativa) against the root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. exogenous et (ethephon) and ja (methyl jasmonate) supply on the shoots induced a strong systemic defense response in the roots, exemplified by a major up-r ... | 2011 | 21715672 |
| use of dactylaria brochopaga, a predacious fungus, for managing root-knot disease of wheat (triticum aestivum) caused by meloidogyne graminicola. | a laboratory experiment was conducted to study the induction of constricting rings and test predation of dactylaria brochopaga isolates against second stage juveniles (j2s) of meloidogyne graminicola. among the five fungal isolates, isolate d showed the greatest number of predatory rings and, consequently, trapped the maximum number of m. graminicola j2s in dual cultures. another pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of d. brochopaga (isolate d) on the management of wheat root-knot di ... | 2011 | 22783087 |
| evaluation of protocol for assessing the reaction of rice and wheat germplasm to infection by meloidogyne graminicola. | root-knot nematode (meloidogyne graminicola), an important and widespread pathogen, causes high yield losses in rice with limited information on wheat and on efficient management. absence of uniform screening protocols is contributing to slow progress of host resistance development. to develop an efficient screening protocol, several greenhouse studies were conducted, and effects of incubation period, inoculum level, inoculation method, seedling age, and their interactions on root-galling severi ... | 2012 | 23481227 |
| meloidogyne incognita - rice (oryza sativa) interaction: a new model system to study plant-root-knot nematode interactions in monocotyledons. | plant-parasitic nematodes developed strategies to invade and colonize their host plants, including expression of immune suppressors to overcome host defenses. meloidogyne graminicola and m. incognita are root-knot nematode (rkn) species reported to damage rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivated in upland and irrigated systems. despite m. incognita wide host range, study of the molecular plant - rkn interaction has been so far limited to a few dicotyledonous model plants. the aim of this study was to i ... | 2014 | 26224554 |
| characterization of isolates of meloidogyne from rice-wheat production fields in nepal. | thirty-three isolates of root-knot nematode were recovered from soil samples from rice-wheat fields in nepal and maintained on rice cv. br 11. the isolates were characterized using morphology, host range and dna sequence analyses in order to ascertain their identity. results indicated phenotypic similarity (juvenile measurements, perennial pattern, host range and gall shape) of the nepalese isolates with meloidogyne graminicola, with minor variations. the rice varieties la 110 and labelle were s ... | 2007 | 19259491 |
| physiological and genetic mapping study of tolerance to root-knot nematode in rice. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is an obligate biotrophic parasite and a major pest of rice (oryza sativa) for which resistant varieties are not currently available. quantitative trait loci (qtls) for partial resistance to m. graminicola were identified using a mapping population based on two rice varieties, bala x azucena. experiments were carried out to investigate the interactions between m. graminicola and these two varieties in terms of nematode establishment, reproduction an ... | 2007 | 17822410 |
| fast assembly of the mitochondrial genome of a plant parasitic nematode (meloidogyne graminicola) using next generation sequencing. | little is known about the variations of nematode mitogenomes (mtdna). sequencing a complete mtdna using a pcr approach remains a challenge due to frequent genome reorganizations and low sequence similarities between divergent nematode lineages. here, a genome skimming approach based on hiseq sequencing (shotgun) was used to assemble de novo the first complete mtdna sequence of a root-knot nematode (meloidogyne graminicola). an at-rich genome (84.3%) of 20,030 bp was obtained with a mean sequenci ... | 2014 | 24841955 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of meloidogyne graminicola (tylenchina): a unique gene arrangement and its phylogenetic implications. | meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most economically important plant parasitic-nematodes (ppns). in the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) dna genome sequence of this plant pathogen. compared with other ppns genera, this genome (19,589 bp) is only slightly smaller than that of pratylenchus vulnus (21,656 bp). the nucleotide composition of the whole mtdna sequence of m. graminicola is significantly biased toward a and t, with t being the most favored nucleotide and c ... | 2014 | 24892428 |
| β-aminobutyric acid-induced resistance against root-knot nematodes in rice is based on increased basal defense. | the nonprotein amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (baba) is known to protect plants against various pathogens. the mode of action is relatively diverse and specific in different plant-pathogen systems. to extend the analysis of the mode of action of baba to plant-parasitic nematodes in monocot plants, we evaluated the effect of baba against the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne graminicola in rice. baba treatment of rice plants inhibited nematode penetration and resulted in delayed nematode and g ... | 2015 | 25608179 |
| the role of thionins in rice defence against root pathogens. | thionins are antimicrobial peptides that are involved in plant defence. here, we present an in-depth analysis of the role of rice thionin genes in defence responses against two root pathogens: the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola and the oomycete pythium graminicola. the expression of rice thionin genes was observed to be differentially regulated by defence-related hormones, whereas all analysed genes were consistently down-regulated in m. graminicola-induced galls, at least until 7 da ... | 2015 | 25676661 |
| intraspecific variability of the facultative meiotic parthenogenetic root-knot nematode (meloidogyne graminicola) from rice fields in vietnam. | twenty years ago, the facultative meiotic parthenogenetic root-knot nematode (rkn), meloidogyne graminicola, was recognised as an important rice pathogen in south vietnam. although this country is one of the most important rice exporters worldwide, a comprehensive picture of the occurrence of m. graminicola in vietnamese rice fields is still not available. therefore a nematode survey was carried out with the aim of better understanding the geographical distribution, and the pathogenic and geneti ... | 2015 | 26026576 |
| biochar-amended potting medium reduces the susceptibility of rice to root-knot nematode infections. | biochar is a solid coproduct of biomass pyrolysis, and soil amended with biochar has been shown to enhance the productivity of various crops and induce systemic plant resistance to fungal pathogens. the aim of this study was to explore the ability of wood biochar to induce resistance to the root-knot nematode (rkn) meloidogyne graminicola in rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) and examine its histochemical and molecular impact on plant defense mechanisms. | 2015 | 26537003 |
| a genome-wide association study of a global rice panel reveals resistance in oryza sativa to root-knot nematodes. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is one of the most serious nematode pests worldwide and represents a major constraint on rice production. while variation in the susceptibility of asian rice (oryza sativa) exists, so far no strong and reliable resistance has been reported. quantitative trait loci for partial resistance have been reported but no underlying genes have been tagged or cloned. here, 332 accessions of the rice diversity panel 1 were assessed for gall formation, revealing ... | 2016 | 26552884 |
| dual rna-seq reveals meloidogyne graminicola transcriptome and candidate effectors during the interaction with rice plants. | root-knot nematodes secrete proteinaceous effectors into plant tissues to facilitate infection by suppressing host defences and reprogramming the host metabolism to their benefit. meloidogyne graminicola is a major pest of rice (oryza sativa) in asia and latin america, causing important crop losses. the goal of this study was to identify m. graminicola pathogenicity genes expressed during the plant-nematode interaction. using the dual rna-sequencing (rna-seq) strategy, we generated transcriptomi ... | 2016 | 26610268 |
| meloidogyne graminicola: a major threat to rice agriculture. | superkingdom eukaryota; kingdom metazoa; phylum nematoda; class chromadorea; order tylenchida; suborder tylenchina; infraorder tylenchomorpha; superfamily tylenchoidea; family meloidogynidae; subfamily meloidogyninae; genus meloidogyne. | 2017 | 26950515 |
| comparing the defence-related gene expression changes upon root-knot nematode attack in susceptible versus resistant cultivars of rice. | rice is one of the major staple food crops in the world and an excellent model system for studying monocotyledonous plants. diseases caused by nematodes in rice are well documented and among them, root-knot nematode (rkn), meloidogyne graminicola, causes extensive yield decline. it is therefore necessary to identify novel sources of natural resistance to rkn in rice and to investigate the rice-rkn interaction in detail to understand the basal plant defence mechanisms and nematode manipulation of ... | 2016 | 26961568 |
| thiamine-induced priming against root-knot nematode infection in rice involves lignification and hydrogen peroxide generation. | thiamine (vitamin b1, vb1) can act as a plant defence trigger, or priming agent, leading to a rapid counterattack on pathogen invasion. in this study, the priming effect of thiamine on rice (oryza sativa cv. nipponbare) and its activity against root-knot nematode (meloidogyne graminicola) infection were evaluated. thiamine treatment and subsequent nematode inoculation activated hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) accumulation and lignin deposition in plant roots, and this correlated with enhanced transcrip ... | 2016 | 27103216 |
| below-ground attack by the root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola predisposes rice to blast disease. | magnaporthe oryzae (rice blast) and the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola are causing two of the most important pathogenic diseases jeopardizing rice production. here, we show that root-knot nematode infestation on rice roots leads to important above-ground changes in plant immunity gene expression, which is correlated with significantly enhanced susceptibility to blast disease. a detailed metabolic analysis of oxidative stress responses and hormonal balances demonstrates that the above ... | 2017 | 28151048 |
| transcriptomic and histological responses of african rice (oryza glaberrima) to meloidogyne graminicola provide new insights into root-knot nematode resistance in monocots. | the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola is responsible for production losses in rice ( oryza sativa ) in asia and latin america. the accession tog5681 of african rice, o. glaberrima , presents improved resistance to several biotic and abiotic factors, including nematodes. the aim of this study was to assess the cytological and molecular mechanisms underlying nematode resistance in this accession. | 2017 | 28334204 |
| molecular characterization of fmrfamide-like peptides in meloidogyne graminicola and analysis of their knockdown effect on nematode infectivity. | the rice root-knot nematode, meloidogyne graminicola, seriously impairs the growth and yield of rice which is an important staple food worldwide. the disruption of neuropeptide signalling leading to attenuation in nematode behaviour and thereby perturbed infection, offers an attractive alternative to control nematodes. in this direction, the present study was aimed at mining of putative fmrfamide-like peptides (flps) from the transcriptomic dataset of m. graminicola followed by characterization ... | 2017 | 28366833 |
| mitochondrial genome plasticity among species of the nematode genus meloidogyne (nematoda: tylenchina). | the mitochondrial (mt) genomes of the plant-parasitic root-knot nematodes meloidogyne arenaria, meloidogyne enterolobii and meloidogyne javanica were sequenced and compared with those of three other root-knot nematode species in order to explore the mt genome plasticity within meloidogyne. the mt genomes of m. arenaria, m. enterolobii and m. javanica are circular, with an estimated size of 18.8, 18.9 and 19.6 kb, respectively. compared to other nematodes these mt genomes are larger, due to the p ... | 2015 | 25655462 |
| identification of candidate effector genes in the transcriptome of the rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. | plant-parasitic nematodes secrete so-called effectors into their host plant which are able to suppress the plant's defence responses, alter plant signalling pathways and, in the case of root knot nematodes, induce the formation of giant cells. putative effectors have been successfully identified by genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. in this study, we investigated the transcriptome of the rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola by 454 sequencing of second-stage juveniles ... | 2012 | 23279209 |
| Comparing systemic defence-related gene expression changes upon migratory and sedentary nematode attack in rice. | Complex defence signalling pathways, controlled by different hormones, are known to be involved in the reaction of plants to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress factors. Here, we studied the differential expression of genes involved in stress and defence responses in systemic tissue of rice infected with the root knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne graminicola and the migratory root rot nematode Hirschmanniella oryzae, two agronomically important rice pathogens with very different lifestyles. ... | 2011 | 22188265 |
| chemotaxis can take plant-parasitic nematodes to the source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes. | it has long been recognized that chemotaxis is the primary means by which nematodes locate host plants. nonetheless, chemotaxis has received scant attention. we show that chemotaxis is predicted to take nematodes to a source of a chemo-attractant via the shortest possible routes through the labyrinth of air-filled or water-filled channels within a soil through which the attractant diffuses. there are just two provisos: (i) all of the channels through which the attractant diffuses are accessible ... | 2010 | 20880854 |
| scanning electron microscopy of perineal patterns of three species of meloidogyne. | the perineal pattern of meloidogyne graminicola is oval, characterized by the anastomosing of cuticular striae converging, and elevating at the tail terminus. a deep lateral incisure forming a low arch traverses the rounded perineal pattern of meloidogyne hapla. punctations at the tail region of m. hapla are not observed with the scanning electron microscope. minute crosslines invaginate with the vulvar lips of meloidogyne incognita. punctate indentations around the anal opening and bordering th ... | 1978 | 19305825 |
| comparison of reproduction by meloidogyne graminicola and m. incognita on trifolium species. | the reproductive potential of meloidogyne graminicola was compared with that of m. incognita on trifolium species in greenhouse studies. twenty-five trifolium plant introductions, cultivars, or populations representing 23 species were evaluated for nematode reproduction and root galling 45 days after inoculation with 3,000 eggs of m. graminicola or m. incognita. root galling and egg production by the two root-knot nematode species was similar on most of the trifolium species. in a separate study ... | 1992 | 19282992 |
| meloidogyne trifoliophila n. sp. (nemata: meloidogynidae), a parasite of clover from tennessee. | meloidogyne trifoliophila n. sp. is described from white clover collected at ames plantation, fayette county, tennessee. the perineal pattern is rounded, with long, smooth striae and rounded arch, and without distinct lateral lines or perivulval striae. the female stylet is 12.6-15.5 mum long, the excretory pore is level with or up to one stylet length posterior to the stylet knobs, and the vulva is subterminal. the posterior terminus is weakly protuberant. the male lateral field is composed of ... | 1997 | 19274133 |
| identification of neuropeptides, flp-1 and flp-12 targeting neuromuscular system of rice root knot nematode (rrkn) meloidogyne graminicola. | root-knot nematodes (rkns), meloidogyne spp, are found in all temperate and tropical areas, and are among the most damaging plant pathogens worldwide. m. graminincola is an economically important root parasite on upland, lowland and deepwater rice. fmrfamide-like peptides (flps) play significant role as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators in the nervous system and proposed as one of the important targets for the plant parasitic nematode management. therefore, for the first time, we have cloned ... | 2013 | 23520432 |
| brassinosteroids suppress rice defense against root-knot nematodes through antagonism with the jasmonate pathway. | the importance of phytohormone balance is increasingly recognized as central to the outcome of plant-pathogen interactions. next to their well-known developmental role, brassinosteroids (br) were recently found to be involved in plant innate immunity. in this study, we examined the role of br in rice (oryza sativa) innate immunity during infection with the root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola, and we studied the inter-relationship with the jasmonate (ja) pathway. exogenous epibrassinolide ... | 2013 | 23194343 |
| transcriptional reprogramming by root knot and migratory nematode infection in rice. | rice is one of the most important staple crops worldwide, but its yield is compromised by different pathogens, including plant-parasitic nematodes. in this study we have characterized specific and general responses of rice (oryza sativa) roots challenged with two endoparasitic nematodes with very different modes of action. local transcriptional changes in rice roots upon root knot (meloidogyne graminicola) and root rot nematode (rrn, hirschmanniella oryzae) infection were studied at two time poi ... | 2012 | 22985291 |
| interactions between the oomycete pythium arrhenomanes and the rice root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola in aerobic asian rice varieties. | aerobic rice fields are frequently infested by pathogenic oomycetes (pythium spp.) and the rice root-knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. here, the interaction between pythium arrhenomanes and meloidogyne graminicola was studied in rice roots of two aerobic rice varieties. in different experimental set-ups and infection regimes, plant growth, rice yield, pythium colonization, as well as establishment, development and reproduction of m. graminicola were studied. | 2016 | 27473143 |
| non-target effect of continuous application of chlorpyrifos on soil microbes, nematodes and its persistence under sub-humid tropical rice-rice cropping system. | application of pesticide in agricultural fields is "unnecessary evil" for non-target microflora and fauna. hence, to identify the safer pesticide molecules against non-target microbes, a long-term pesticide experiment was initiated at national rice research institute, cuttack, india. in the present study, the effect of continuous application of chlorpyrifos (0.5kgha(-1)) in rice fields on non-target groups of soil microbes and nematodes was studied for seven seasons (four wet and three dry seaso ... | 2017 | 27744192 |
| transcriptional analysis through rna sequencing of giant cells induced by meloidogyne graminicola in rice roots. | one of the reasons for the progressive yield decline observed in aerobic rice production is the rapid build-up of populations of the rice root knot nematode meloidogyne graminicola. these nematodes induce specialized feeding cells inside root tissue, called giant cells. by injecting effectors in and sipping metabolites out of these cells, they reprogramme normal cell development and deprive the plant of its nutrients. in this research we have studied the transcriptome of giant cells in rice, aft ... | 2013 | 23881398 |
| retracted article: molecular cloning and expression analysis of novel putative effector genes from meloidogyne graminicola. | | 2013 | 23846215 |