| an indoor air quality study of an alligator (alligator mississippiensis) holding facility. | an environmental microbiologic investigation was conducted in an alligator (alligator mississippiensis) holding facility in a zoo in the southeastern u.s. the facility had housed five alligators between march 1999 and february 2005. in the exhibit, one alligator died and all experienced poor health. it was hypothesized that environmental microbial contamination was associated with these issues. samples were collected for fungal identification and quantification, microcystin analysis, and airborn ... | 2006 | 17312787 |
| true and false gharials: a nuclear gene phylogeny of crocodylia. | the phylogeny of crocodylia offers an unusual twist on the usual molecules versus morphology story. the true gharial (gavialis gangeticus) and the false gharial (tomistoma schlegelii), as their common names imply, have appeared in all cladistic morphological analyses as distantly related species, convergent upon a similar morphology. in contrast, all previous molecular studies have shown them to be sister taxa. we present the first phylogenetic study of crocodylia using a nuclear gene. we cloned ... | 2003 | 12775527 |
| the complete mitochondrial genome of salt-water crocodile (crocodylus porosus) and phylogeny of crocodilians. | the nucleotide sequence of the complete mitochondrial dna (mtdna) molecule of the salt-water crocodile (crocodylus porosus) was determined in this article. the molecule is 16,917 base pairs (bp) in length, and codes for 22 trnas, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rrnas, as well as a control region (d-loop), as is characteristic for mitochondrial genomes of other metazoans. the gene order conforms to that of other crocodilians sequenced, but the arrangement of some trna genes differs from other vertebra ... | 2007 | 17469784 |
| multi-organ metastasis of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma in a malayan gharial (tomistoma schlegelii). | a 38-year-old malayan gharial (tomistoma schlegelii) with a 2-week history of anorexia was found dead and presented for post-mortem examination. numerous white firm nodules of various sizes were found on the surface of the liver, both left and right kidneys, the spleen and the serosa of the intestinal tract. all masses had similar microscopical appearance and were diagnosed as metastasizing fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. immunohistochemically, the tumour cells did not react with antibod ... | 2017 | 28942308 |
| granulomatous encephalomyelitis in a false gharial (tomistoma schlegelii) associated with a novel chlamydia species. | a 5-yr-old, captive, hatched, female false gharial (tomistoma schlegelii) presented with a 1-mo history of cervical spinal curvature. antemortem diagnostics, including blood work, electromyography, muscle biopsies, and advanced imaging tests, were either within reference ranges or did not identify any specific etiology. necropsy revealed extensive, marked, chronic granulomatous encephalomyelitis along with neuronal necrosis, rarefaction, gliosis, and astrocytosis of the white and gray matter of ... | 2017 | 28749290 |
| molecular genetic variation and structure of southeast asian crocodile (tomistoma schlegelii): comparative potentials of ssrs versus issrs. | tomistoma schlegelii, also referred to as the "false gharial", is one of the most exclusive and least known of the world's fresh water crocodilians, limited to southeast asia. indeed, lack of economic value for its skin has led to neglect the biodiversity of the species. the current study aimed to investigate the mentioned case using 40 simple sequence repeat (ssr) primer pairs and 45 inter-simple sequence repeat (issr) primers. dna analysis of 17 t. schlegelii samples using the ssr and issr mar ... | 2015 | 26112832 |
| an expanded combined evidence approach to the gavialis problem using geometric morphometric data from crocodylian braincases and eustachian systems. | the phylogenetic position of the indian gharial (gavialis gangeticus) is disputed--morphological characters place gavialis as the sister to all other extant crocodylians, whereas molecular and combined analyses find gavialis and the false gharial (tomistoma schlegelii) to be sister taxa. geometric morphometric techniques have only begun to be applied to this issue, but most of these studies have focused on the exterior of the skull. the braincase has provided useful phylogenetic information for ... | 2014 | 25198124 |
| cranial shape and correlated characters in crocodilian evolution. | crocodilians show a high degree of cranial variation and convergence throughout their 80 million-year fossil record that complicates their phylogenetic reconstruction. conflicting phylogenetic results from different data partitions and character homoplasies typify crocodilian phylogeny, and differences between molecular and morphological phylogenetic hypotheses are believed to be associated with the slender-snout skull shape of gavialis gangeticus and tomistoma schlegelii. slender-snout skulls a ... | 2008 | 18808440 |
| evidence for placing the false gharial (tomistoma schlegelii) into the family gavialidae: inferences from nuclear gene sequences. | the extant crocodylians comprise 23 species divided among three families, alligatoridae, crocodylidae, and gavialidae. currently, based on morphological data sets, tomistoma schlegelii (false gharial) is placed within the family crocodylidae. molecular data sets consistently support a sister-taxon relationship of t. schlegelii with gavialis gangeticus (indian gharial), which is the sole species in gavialidae. to elucidate the placement of t. schlegelii within the extant crocodylians, we have seq ... | 2007 | 17433721 |
| mitogenomic analyses place the gharial (gavialis gangeticus) on the crocodile tree and provide pre-k/t divergence times for most crocodilians. | based on morphological analyses, extant members of the order crocodylia are divided into three families, alligatoridae, crocodylidae, and gavialidae. gavialidae includes one species, the gharial, gavialis gangeticus. in this study we have examined crocodilian relationships in phylogenetic analyses of seven mitochondrial genomes that have been sequenced in their entirety. the analyses did not support the morphologically acknowledged separate position of the gharial in the crocodilian tree. instea ... | 2005 | 16211427 |
| comparative functional morphology of the masticatory apparatus in the long-snouted crocodiles. | the masticatory muscles and their related structures of the skull were observed in the indian gavial (gavialis gangeticus), the false gavial (tomistoma schlegelii), and the african slender-snouted crocodile (mecistops cataphractus) to detail some morphological differences in comparison with the other crocodile species, and to compare and elucidate the functional strategy of themasticatory apparatus in these long-snouted species. the musculus pterygoideus posterior was relatively smaller in the t ... | 2002 | 12196262 |
| morphology, fossils, divergence timing, and the phylogenetic relationships of gavialis. | although morphological data have historically favored a basal position for the indian gharial (gavialis gangeticus) within crocodylia and a mesozoic divergence between gavialis and all other crocodylians, several recent molecular data sets have argued for a sister-group relationship between gavialis and the indonesian false gharial (tomistoma schlegelii) and a divergence between them no earlier than the late tertiary. fossils were added to a matrix of 164 discrete morphological characters and su ... | 1997 | 11975331 |
| ["articular and visceral gout" in armored lizards (tomistoma schlegelii and gavialis gangeticus) (reptilia, crocodylia)]. | | 1965 | 4379529 |
| genetic diversity of tomistoma schlegelii inferred from mtdna markers. | the genetic diversity of the endangered crocodile tomistoma schlegelii was characterized using the protein coding nd 6-trna(glu)-cyt b and the cytochrome b-control region (cyt b-cr) markers. concatenate data revealed six haplotypes with an overall haplotype diversity of 0.769 ± 0.039; nucleotide diversity was 0.00535 ± 0.00172. a nearest-neighbor analysis showed that all individuals clustered with four geographic regions (sumatra, peninsular malaysia, sarawak, and east kalimantan) and were genet ... | 2013 | 23325482 |
| heteroplasmy, length, and sequence characterization of the mitochondrial control region in tomistoma schlegelii. | this study describes the organization of the repetitive pattern in the mtdna control region of tomistoma schlegelii. using newly designed primers, we detected length variations of approximately 50-100 bp among individuals, and only one individual showed a heteroplasmic band. sequencing the region after csb iii revealed two main patterns: a repeat motif and a variable number tandem repeat (vntr) pattern. the vntr region, with a core unit of 104 bp, consisting of four motifs and a short at chain, ... | 2011 | 21461907 |
| comparisons of innate immune activity of all known living crocodylian species. | serum samples from all twenty-three known living members of the crocodylia were tested for antibacterial activity against eight bacterial species. these data were used to generate an immune profile for each crocodylian species. statistical analyses revealed that the three living lineages of crocodylians, alligatoroidea, crocodyloidea, and gavialoidea, were distinguishable by their immunological activities. for instance, species within the alligatoroidea and crocodyloidea exhibited remarkable imm ... | 2006 | 16376129 |