| a hemolytic protein from cultured mycelia of mushroom, termitomyces clypeatus. | a hemolytic protein was purified from cultured mycelia of t. clypeatus. some of the physico-chemical properties of the hemolysin were studied. the protein was analysed to be a lipoprotein and delipidation removed its hemolytic property. the monomeric protein subunit of the lipoprotein had a molecular weight of 64,000. mode of action of the hemolysin were studied by observing protections of sugar and lipid components to hemolysin mediated lysis of red blood cells. it was observed that the hemolys ... | 1993 | 8500815 |
| purification and characterization of a low molecular weight endo-xylanase from mushroom termitomyces clypeatus. | a low molecular weight endo-xylanase (ec 3.2.1.8) was purified from an edible mushroom termitomyces clypeatus grown in submerged medium with oat spelt xylan. xylanase was purified to apparent homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration chromatography. its molecular weight was determined by gel filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 12 kda. the enzyme was found to be most active at 50 degrees c and ph 5.0, being most stab ... | 2010 | 19728166 |
| enhanced activity and stability of cellobiase (beta-glucosidase: ec 3.2.1.21) produced in the presence of 2-deoxy-d-glucose from the fungus termitomyces clypeatus. | generally less glycosylation or deglycosylation has a detrimental effect on enzyme activity and stability. increased production and secretion of cellobiase was earlier obtained in the presence of the glycosylation inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose in filamentous fungus termitomyces clypeatus [mukherjee, s.; chowdhury, s.; ghorai, s.; pal, s.; khowala, s. biotechnol. lett.2006, 28, 1773-1778]. in this study the enzyme was purified from the culture medium by ultrafiltration and gel-permeation, ion-excha ... | 2010 | 20382376 |
| antiproliferative and immunostimulatory protein fraction from edible mushrooms. | fruit bodies and mycelia of various higher basidiomycetes were studied in search of biological effector molecules. in this study, we evaluated the antiproliferative and immunomodulatory properties of a protein fraction designated as cibacron blue affinity eluted protein (cbaep) isolated from five different species of edible mushrooms (termitomyces clypeatus, pleurotus florida, calocybe indica, astraeus hygrometricus, and volvariella volvacea). this protein fraction (10-100++g/ml) mediated antipr ... | 2008 | 21783909 |
| evaluation of ten wild nigerian mushrooms for amylase and cellulase activities. | amylases and cellulases are important enzymes that can be utilized for various biological activities. ten different wild nigerian mushrooms (agaricus blazei, agaricus sp., corilopsis occidentalis, coriolus versicolor, termitomyces clypeatus, termitomyces globulus, pleurotus tuber-regium, podoscypha bolleana, pogonomyces hydnoides, and nothopanus hygrophanus) were assayed for production of these secondary metabolites. the results revealed that most of the tested wild fungi demonstrated very good ... | 2011 | 22783085 |
| free radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties of extracts of wild mushrooms. | antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of extracts obtained from four wild mushrooms, termitomyces clypeatus (tce), termitomyces robustus (tre), lentinus subnudus (lse) and lenzites species (lze) collected in nigeria were investigated. lse and lze displayed good scavenging activity against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) and ferrous ion radicals at concentration of 2 mg/ml. however, tre and tce exhibited better superoxide anion scavenging effect at 2 mg/ml. all extracts (tce, tre, lse an ... | 2009 | 24031376 |
| differences in fungi present in induced sputum samples from asthma patients and non-atopic controls: a community based case control study. | there is emerging evidence for the presence of an extensive microbiota in human lungs. it is not known whether variations in the prevalence of species of microbiota in the lungs may have aetiological significance in respiratory conditions such as asthma. the aim of the study was to undertake semi-quantitative analysis of the differences in fungal species in pooled sputum samples from asthma patients and controls. | 2013 | 23384395 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression of a gene encoding phosphoketolase from termitomyces clypeatus. | a phosphoketolase (pk) gene from the fungus termitomyces clypeatus (tc) was cloned and partially characterized. oligonucleotide primers specific for the phosphoketolase gene (pk) were designed from the regions of homologies found in the primary structure of the enzyme from other fungal sources related to tc, using multiple sequence alignment technique. the cdna of partial lengths were amplified, cloned and sequenced in three parts by 3' and 5' race and rt-pcr using these oligonucleotide primers. ... | 2014 | 24751521 |
| evaluation of in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and in vivo antitumour activity of termitomyces clypeatus mtcc 5091. | termitomyces clypeatus (lyophyllaceae) is a filamentous edible mushroom, having ethnomedicinal uses. however, information about the antioxidant, anticancer and antitumour properties of this mushroom remains to be elucidated. | 2016 | 27225970 |
| akp from mushroom termitomyces clypeatus is a proteoglycan specific protease with apoptotic effect on hepg2. | termitomyces clypeatus is an edible mushroom, prized for its therapeutic values and as producer of industrially important enzymes. however, the biomedical efficacies of anticancer proteases have not been reported yet. the present study aimed to purify and characterize a serine protease (akp) from t. clypeatus for investigating cytotoxic potency on hepg2, hep3b, and compared the effect on normal hepatic l-02 cells. purification and biochemical characterization of akp were evaluated by three stage ... | 2016 | 27180294 |
| heteroglycan of an edible mushroom termitomyces clypeatus: structure elucidation and antioxidant properties. | a water-soluble heteroglycan (ps) of an average molecular weight ∼1.98 ×10(5) da was isolated from the aqueous extract of an edible mushroom termitomyces clypeatus (r. heim). the structure of the polysaccharide (ps) was established using total hydrolysis, methylation analysis, smith degradation, and 1d/2d nmr experiments. total hydrolysis indicated the presence of d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, and l-fucose in a molar ratio of 4.10:1.95:1.0:0.95, respectively. the chemical and nmr analysis i ... | 2015 | 26074031 |
| purification and characterisation of κ-casein specific milk-clotting metalloprotease from termitomyces clypeatus mtcc 5091. | milk-clotting enzymes are valued as chymosin-like protease substitutes for cheese making industries. an extracellular metalloprotease (acps) with high milk-clotting activity was purified from edible mushroom termitomyces clypeatus and characterised. acps was preferentially active towards κ-casein, analysed by urea-page and lc-esi-ms, whereas the degradation of α and β-casein components by acps proceeded slowly justifying its suitability for cheese making. rp-hplc peptide profiling revealed that ... | 2015 | 25466043 |
| enhancement of extracellular cellobiase activity by reducing agents in the filamentous fungus termitomyces clypeatus. | extracellular cellobiase activity of termitomyces clypeatus increased from 2.9 u ml(-1) to 4.4 and 4.1 in presence of dithiothreitol (dtt) and β-mercaptoethanol (me), respectively, with a decrease in km from 0.4 to 0.3 mm (dtt) and 0.35 mm (me). catalysis was further enhanced if the reduced enzyme was alkylated and activity increased from 11.4 u ml(-1) (control) to 15.2 (dtt+n-ethylmaleimide) and 15.3 (dtt+iodoacetamide) using p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside and from 14.6 u ml(-1)(control) to ... | 2015 | 25257587 |
| tamarind kernel powder: a novel agro-residue for the production of cellobiose dehydrogenase under submerged fermentation by termitomyces clypeatus. | the study investigates the potential of substitution of the conventional carbohydrate nutrient (cellulose) in media with cheap agro-residues for cellobiose dehydrogenase production by termitomyces clypeatus (cdhtc) under submerged conditions. different agro-residues tested for enzyme production were characterized using ftir and xrd analysis. as cdhtc production was highest with tamarind kernel powder (tkp), it was selected for process optimizations through shake-flask fermentations. the optimize ... | 2014 | 24678724 |
| fungal partnerships stimulate growth of termitomyces clypeatus stalk mycelium in vitro. | the symbiotic relationship between termites and termitomyces fungi, which allows the termite to digest cellulose-rich food sources, is poorly understood. in this study, in vitro mixed symbiotic relationships between termitomyces clypeatus and fungi isolated from individual fungus-comb communities using a culture-dependent method were analyzed. twenty-day-old stalk cultures of three t. clypeatus isolates were co-cultured with cellulase-producing fungi on potato dextrose agar. the high cellulase-p ... | 2012 | 22806105 |
| increased enzyme secretion by 2-deoxy-d-glucose in presence of succinate by suppression of metabolic enzymes in termitomyces clypeatus. | regulatory mode of secretion of proteins was detected for the industrial glycosidase, cellobiase, under secreting conditions (in presence of tca cycle intermediates like succinate etc.) in the filamentous fungus termitomyces clypeatus. the titers of key metabolic enzymes were investigated under secreting and non-secreting conditions of growth and compared to the corresponding production of intra and extracellular levels of cellobiase. results were compared in presence of 2-deoxy-d-glucose, a pot ... | 2011 | 21920514 |
| evidence of an alternative route of cellobiase secretion in the presence of brefeldin a in the filamentous fungus termitomyces clypeatus. | secretion of cellobiase occurred in a brefeldin a (bfa) uninhibited manner in the filamentous fungus termitomyces clypeatus. fluorescence confocal microscopy revealed that application of the drug at a concentration of 50 microgram/ml caused arrest of spitzenkorper assembly at the hyphal tip. this resulted in greater than 30% inhibition of total protein secretion in the culture medium. however, the cellobiase titer increased by 17%, and an additional 13% was localized in the vacuolar fraction en ... | 2011 | 21532326 |
| purification and characterization of a thermostable intra-cellular beta-glucosidase with transglycosylation properties from filamentous fungus termitomyces clypeatus. | an intra-cellular beta-glucosidase was purified to homogeneity by gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and hpgplc from mycelial extract of termitomyces clypeatus in the presence of the glycosylation inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose. cd spectroscopy demonstrated that the purified enzyme exhibited alpha-helical conformation. maldi-tof identified the enzyme's molecular weight as 6688daltons, but sds-page and immunoblotting indicated that the enzyme formed aggregates. the enzyme also showed unique ... | 2010 | 20031400 |
| biosorption of hexavalent chromium by termitomyces clypeatus biomass: kinetics and transmission electron microscopic study. | biosorption of cr(+6) by termitomyces clypeatus has been investigated involving kinetics, transmission electron microscopy (tem) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (ftir) studies. kinetics experiments reveal that the uptake of chromium by live cell involves initial rapid surface binding followed by relatively slow intracellular accumulation. of the different chromate analogues tested, only sulfate ion reduces the uptake of chromium to the extent of approximately 30% indicating chromate ... | 2009 | 19201086 |
| structural and nanomechanical properties of termitomyces clypeatus cell wall and its interaction with chromium(vi). | alterations of cell surface properties accompanying the complex life cycle of termitomyces clypeatus have been monitored using atomic force microscopy (afm). a new hyphae/mycelium is developed on cell division, and the cell wall of the mycelium undergoes a process of internal reorganization (or maturation) followed by morphological and chemical alterations. the changes of the surface ultrastructures during the growth process are correlated to the corresponding changes in relative viscoelasticity ... | 2009 | 19146378 |
| biosorption of chromium by termitomyces clypeatus. | the manuscript describes removal of chromium from aqueous solution by biomass of different moulds and yeasts. the biomass of termitomyces clypeatus (tcb) is found to be the most effective of all the fungal species tested. the sorption of hexavalent chromium by live tcb depends on the ph of the solution, the optimum ph value being 3.0. the process follows langmuir isotherm (regression coefficient 0.998, chi(2)-square 5.03) model with uniform distribution over the surface which gets strong support ... | 2007 | 17618091 |
| laccase production by the white-rot fungus termitomyces clypeatus. | laccase was detected in the culture filtrate of white-rot fungus termitomyces clypeatus. the enzyme was found at the late phase of submerged growth in a medium containing glucose or cellulose as the carbon source. the present study indicates that laccase produced by t. clypeatus is an intracellular enzyme, released in the medium due to cell lysis at the end of the growing phase. laccase produced by t. clypeatus is different from the extracellular polyphenol oxidase of t. albuminosus, also produc ... | 2007 | 17440914 |
| cellobiase from termitomyces clypeatus: activity and secretion in presence of glycosylation inhibitors. | in presence of the glycosylation inhibitors, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (1 mg/ml), tunicamycin (30 microg/ml), 1-deoxynojirimycin (30 microg/ml) and d-glucono-delta-lactone (1 mg/ml), total cellobiase activity, in the extracellular, intracellular and cell bound fractions, of the fungus termitomyces clypeatus grown in 20 ml cellobiose medium (1%, w/v) increased by 50-, 1.8-, 2.4-, 1.3-fold, respectively, with respect to control medium (16.3 u). the inhibitors also stimulated secretion of 95% of the total ... | 2006 | 16912924 |
| protein-protein interaction conferring stability to an extracellular acetyl (xylan) esterase produced by termitomyces clypeatus. | acetyl esterase (ae) activity present in the culture filtrate of termitomyces clypeatus was separated into lower molar mass (lmm) and higher molar mass (hmm) protein fractions during biogel p-200 gel chromatography. ae was purified as a 30 kda nonglycosylated protein from lmm fractions by cm-sepharose ion exchange chromatography and hpgplc. although the hmm fraction had a number of enzyme activities (sucrase, beta-xylosidase, beta-glucosidase, and alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase) other than ae, prot ... | 2006 | 12790630 |
| stabilization and improvement of catalytic activity of a low molar mass cellobiase by cellobiase-sucrase aggregation in the culture filtrate of termitomyces clypeatus. | the extracellular cellobiase (ec 3.2.1.21) of termitomyces clypeatus separated in two protein fractions when culture filtrate or ammonium sulfate precipitated proteins were chromatographed on biogel p-200 column. during purification of cellobiase (cbs) from the lower molar mass (lmm) protein fraction, the enzyme behaved like a low molecular weight multimeric protein. the purified enzyme gave a single 56 kda band in sds-page but ladderlike bands (14, 28, 42, and 56 kda) on denaturation by reducin ... | 2006 | 12467458 |
| secretion of cellobiase is mediated via vacuoles in termitomyces clypeatus. | the majority of cellobiase activity in termitomyces clypeatus was localized in vacuolar fractions of the fungus under secretory and nonsecretory conditions of growth. activities of marker proteins for subcellular organelles, e.g., vacuoles, cytosol, er, and mitochondria, in mycelial extracts from the secreting conditions increased by approximately 20, 12, 5, and 2.5 times, respectively, as compared to those obtained from mycelium grown in nonsecreting conditions. the average size and concentrati ... | 2006 | 12467451 |
| regulation of cellobiase secretion in termitomyces clypeatus by co-aggregation with sucrase. | regulated secretory proteins are sorted via selective co-aggregation in eukaryotes. cellobiase (c) of the filamentous fungus termitomyces clypeatus remained co-aggregated with sucrase (s), and only one isoform of each of the enzymes was present in intra- and extracellular extracts. kinetics of secretion of sucrase increased in vivo and in vitro in secreting (sc) medium and decreased under non-secreting (nsc) conditions similar to those observed for cellobiase. in the sc condition, total enzyme p ... | 2002 | 12029530 |
| regulation (alteration) of activity and conformation of sucrase by coaggregation with cellobiase in culture medium of termitomyces clypeatus. | extracellular sucrase (s) of termitomyces clypeatus was aggregated with cellobiase (c) in culture filtrate and coaggregates of sucrase to cellobiase with different activity ratios (s/c) were obtained during purification. specific activity of the enzyme decreased significantly, after purification of sucrase free from cellobiase. purified sucrase was characterized as a glycoprotein of molar mass around 55kda as indicated by sds-page and hpgplc. k(m) and v(max) of the purified enzyme were determine ... | 2014 | 11934314 |
| characterisation of a xylanolytic amyloglucosidase of termitomyces clypeatus. | a xylanolytic amyloglucosidase of termitomyces clypeatus was characterised with respect to other amyloglucosidases. the enzyme contained high alpha-helix destabilising amino acids but no sulphur amino acid. it contained high threonine and serine, analogous to other raw starch hydrolysing enzymes. both xylanase and amyloglucosidase activities were gradually lost with the progress of tryptophan oxidation by nbs and total inactivation occurred after oxidation of 4-5 tryptophan residues. in the pres ... | 1997 | 9187249 |
| simultaneous production of α-arabinofuranosidase and xylanase by termitomyces clypeatus. | termitomyces clypeatus produced xylanase and α-l-arabinofuranosidase simultaneously in various media. the arabinofuranosidase had ph and temperature optima of 5.5 and 50°c, respectively, and was stable at 50°c for 30 min and at ph values from 2 to 5. the partially purified enzyme was distinct from xylanase present in the same medium. | 1995 | 24414671 |
| development of high-molar-mass cellobiase complex by spontaneous protein-protein interaction in the culture filtrate of termitomyces clypeatus. | the 450 kda cellobiase from termitomyces clypeatus which migrates as a single band on ief, page and sds-page, was found to possess appreciable sucrase activity. the fungus produced sucrase and cellobiase constitutively in different media but with different activity ratios. the kinetics of secretion of the two enzymes was similar under in vivo and in vitro conditions. hpgplc analysis of the culture filtrates indicated the presence of both sucrase and cellobiase in the same protein fractions of di ... | 1994 | 8549993 |
| purification and characterisation of a beta-glucosidase (cellobiase) from a mushroom termitomyces clypeatus. | a beta-glucosidase with cellobiase activity was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of the mushroom termtomyces clypeatus. the enzyme had optimum activity at ph 5.0 and temperature 65 degrees c and was stable up to 60 degrees c and within ph 2-10. among the substrates tested, p-nitrophenyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside and cellobiose were hydrolysed best by the enzyme. km and vm values for these substrates were 0.5, 1.25 mm and 95, 91 mumol/min per mg, respectively. the enzyme had low act ... | 1991 | 1900198 |
| purification and properties of xylan hydrolase from mushroom termitomyces clypeatus. | the endoxylanase (1,4-beta-d-xylan xylanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.8) from the culture filtrate of a mushroom, termitomyces clypeatus, has been purified 93-fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography (deae-sephadex) and gel permeation chromatography (bio-gel p-200). the enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on disc gel electrophoresis at ph 9.5, and has a molecular weight of approx. 90 000. it also acts on amylopectin, arabinoxyland and arabinogalactan. the enzyme show ... | 1980 | 7189122 |