| enzyme activities associated with an invertebrate iridovirus: nucleotide phosphohydrolase activity associated with iridescent virus type 6 (civ). | a nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity is firmly associated with a purified invertebrate iridovirus, iridescent virus type 6. the enzyme activity hydrolyzes all the nucleoside triphosphates, but has a high preference for atp. the products of the reaction are nucleoside diphosphates. conditions for nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity are described. | 1976 | 7681 |
| cell fusion induced by invertebrate virus. brief report. | inoculation of invertebrate cells with chilo iridescent virus (civ) leads rapidly to massive formation of syncytia. this polykaryocytosis occurs at a high multiplicity of infection and does not require viral genome expression. thus, cell fusion appears in non permissive conditions, and civ suspensions rendered non infections by uv irradiation still retain the ability to produce rapid and extensive cell fusion. in the same way, some polykaryocytes could be detected in vertebrate cells (cv1 cell l ... | 1979 | 117787 |
| [electron microscopy studies of the early stages of mosquito cell infection in vitro by the chilo iridescent virus and the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (author's transl)]. | the early stage of the viral infection in vitro of mosquito cells were studied by electron microscopy using a microculture technique. we demonstrate in this paper that two viruses: iridescent (civ) and herpetic (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis) can enter by viropexis and be uncoated in several lines of mosquito cells. | 1976 | 176972 |
| [study of the structural polypeptides of chilo suppressalis iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6)]. | we report a procedure for the purification of chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6), an evaluation of the purification procedure, and the results of analyses of the virion proteins by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. purity was evaluated in three ways, i.e., by analysis of purified virions from artificial mixtures of infected and labeled uninfected larvae, electrophoresis at neutral ph, and electron-microscopic examination. analysis of the polypeptides of purified civ gave the following resu ... | 1979 | 476558 |
| propagation and characterization of novel canine lentivirus isolated from a dog. | we have recently isolated a novel canine lentivirus (canine immunodeficiency virus, [civ]) from a leukemic dog. the virus was isolated from buffy coat cells obtained from the leukemic dog co-cultivated with indicator cells. the virus particles encode a reverse transcriptase with a preference for magnesium, have a density of 1.16 g/ml in sucrose, and induce syncytia in permissive cell lines such as himalayan tahr ovary and canine fetal thymus. civ replicates to high titer and highly purified viru ... | 1992 | 1376381 |
| characterization of the third origin of dna replication of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6. | the structure of the third origin of dna replication (civ-ori-m) of the genome (209 kbp) of chilo iridescent virus (civ) was determined by dna nucleotide sequence analysis. the civ-ori-m is located within the dna sequences of the ecori civ dna fragment m (7 kbp; 0.310-0.345 viral map units) between the genome coordinates 0.310 (ecori site) and 0.317 (ncoi site). the dna nucleotide sequence of the ecori/ncoi civ dna fragment (1601 bp) was determined for identifying the dna sequence of the corresp ... | 1992 | 1475907 |
| identification and mapping of origins of dna replication within the dna sequences of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6. | the origins of dna replication of the genome (209 kbp) of chilo iridescent virus (civ), which is circularly permuted and terminally redundant, were identified. the defined genomic library of civ, which represents 100% of dna sequences of the viral genome (e.g., all 32 ecori civ dna fragments), was used for transfection of choristoneura fumiferana insect cell cultures (cf-124) that were previously infected with civ. the plasmid rescue experiments were carried out to select those recombinant plasm ... | 1992 | 1549908 |
| ultrastructure of lymphocystis disease virus (ldv) as compared to frog virus 3 (fv3) and chilo iridescent virus (civ): effects of enzymatic digestions and detergent degradations. | ultrastructure of fish lymphocystis disease virus (ldv), the largest of all known icosahedral viruses, has been studied under electron microscopy using enzymatic digestions and detergent degradations. ldv structure appeared roughly the same as those of frog virus 3 (fv3) and chilo iridescent virus (civ), two other well known viruses of the family iridoviridae, although the great flexibility of its capsid as observed on negatively stained and shadow cast particles, and its three electron dense la ... | 1992 | 1642551 |
| comparison of the genomes of two sympatric iridescent viruses (types 9 and 16). | a map of the sites in the genome of costelytra zealandica iridescent virus (cziv), using the restriction enzymes bamhi, kpni, and psti, showed the genome size to be 170.2 kbp in length. it was found that the genome was cyclically permuted and that 39% of the genome of cziv contained repetitive sequence elements. the genome was found to hybridize with the genome of another iridescent virus, type 9 (wiv), in dna-dna hybridization experiments. a region of the wiv dna genome (23.4 kbp) did not hybri ... | 1990 | 2241577 |
| identification of viral antigenic determinants by monoclonal antibodies directed against chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6). brief report. | monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) obtained against iridovirus type 6 (civ) were characterized by western blotting and/or immunoprecipitation. seven mcabs were found to be strongly reactive with viral polypeptides of molecular weights 16 k and 18 k by western blotting. two mcabs were directed against a complex composed of 30 k, 50 k, and 100 k polypeptides, but failed to react with either of these free polypeptides. this finding could explain the faint reactivity of these mcabs in western blotting an ... | 1988 | 2453186 |
| infectivity of vesicles prepared from chilo iridescent virus inner membrane: evidence for recombination between associated dna fragments. | treatment of civ particles with octylglucoside at high ionic strength leads to the solubilization of the inner viral membrane. incubation of permissive cells (cf124 cells) with vesicles obtained after dialysis of the detergent shows that this fraction is infectious. this infectivity, which is very low, could only be detected after two serial passages on permissive cells. this phenomenon is, however, reproducible. isopycnic centrifugation analysis shows that some dna cosediments with the vesicles ... | 1989 | 2728617 |
| molecular cloning and physical mapping of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6: further evidence for circular permutation of the viral genome. | a defined and complete gene library of the chilo iridescent virus (civ) genome was established. the civ dna was cleaved with restriction endonucleases ecori, ncoi, sphi, and bamhi or double digested with bamhi/sali and the resulting dna fragments were inserted into the corresponding sites of the bacterial vectors pacyc184, pkm2, pl-es-c3, and pat153 using t4 dna ligase. all cloned fragments were identified by digestion of the recombinant plasmids with different restriction enzymes and checked by ... | 1987 | 2820141 |
| identification and characterization of the repetitive dna element in the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6. | the genome of the chilo iridescent virus (civ) was analyzed for existence of repetitive dna sequences by dna-dna hybridization using a defined and complete gene library of the viral genome (209 kbp) and by heteroduplex mapping. these experiments revealed the presence of repetitive dna elements in the civ genome, which are located in the ecori fragment h and in the ecori dna fragment c at the coordinates 0.535 to 0.548 (ecori/pstl dna fragment, 2.7 kbp) and 0.920 to 0.944 (pvuii civ dna fragment ... | 1988 | 3201750 |
| dna nucleotide sequence analysis of the pvuii dna fragment l of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6 reveals a complex cluster of multiple tandem, overlapping, and interdigitated repetitive dna elements. | the dna nucleotide sequence of the pvuii dna fragment l (0.920 to 0.944 map units (m.u.] of the genome (209 kbp) of insect iridescent virus type 6 was determined. the size of this dna fragment was 5064 bp with a base composition of 39.79% g + c and 60.21% a + t. the dna sequence contained many perfect direct repeats of sizes up to 145 bp. in addition to these repetitions, a cluster of four imperfect repetitive dna elements (r1 to r4) with a complex structural arrangement was detected. r1, r2, an ... | 1988 | 3201751 |
| further characterization of an alkaline protease activity associated with iridescent virus type 6. brief report. | iridescent virus type 6 infecting galleria mellonella larvae contained an associated alkaline protease activity which appeared to be tightly bound to the virions and essentially localized on the outside of the viral particle. under alkaline conditions the virus was degraded by proteolytic cleavage of viral envelope proteins. proteolytic activity was not present in virus propagated in a permissive insect cell line or when purified from isolated larval fat-bodies instead from whole larvae. the res ... | 1986 | 3511892 |
| monoclonal antibodies against chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6). brief report. | mouse hybridomas producing antibodies against proteins of chilo iridescent virus were established by fusions of x 63-ag 8-653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with purified disrupted viral particles. forty monoclonal antibodies to civ proteins have been characterized. by elisa, 4 categories of monoclonal antibodies were defined according to their ability to react with some selected viral protein fractions used as antigen. in preliminary studies, the specificity of 2 mon ... | 1986 | 3729732 |
| chilo iridescent virus. | | 1985 | 3893910 |
| insect iridescent virus type 6 induced toxic degenerative hepatitis in mice. | the toxic effect of insect iridescent virus type 6 - chilo iridescent virus - (civ) was investigated using balb/c mice (strain byj ico and kisslegg). the animals were inoculated with civ intraperitoneally (1 x 10(9) to 9.2 x 10(11) tcid50/animal). the animals which were administered with 1 x 10(11) to 9 x 10(11) tcid50 of civ per animal, developed acute clinical illness and died during 18 to 80 h post infection. histopathological and electronmicroscopic examinations of the liver tissues of those ... | 1986 | 3959991 |
| isolation of polysomes from permissive and non-permissive invertebrate cell lines infected with chilo iridescent virus. | chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6 or civ) infection results in a disaggregation of the heavy polyribosomes both in permissive and non-permissive invertebrate cell lines. the integrity of the viral genome is not involved in this event, as shown by the polysome absorbance profile on sucrose gradient, prepared from cells infected with uv treated virus. heavy polysomes reappeared in permissive infected cells during the viral replication cycle. | 1985 | 4033538 |
| protein synthesis in cells infected by chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus, type 6). | synthesis of the polypeptides induced in civ-infected cells was studied using radiolabelled methionine in a permissive cell line of choristoneura fumiferana. analysis of labelled cell extracts by high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) revealed the sequential appearance of at least 28 structural and non-structural polypeptides in permissive conditions. this was confirmed by analysis of protein synthesis in non-permissive cell lines of lymantria dispar, aedes albopictus or by th ... | 1985 | 4062562 |
| per os transmission of chilo iridescent virus to mosquitoes. | | 1971 | 4398400 |
| replication of the insect chilo iridescent virus (civ) in a poikilothermic vertebrate cell line. | | 1974 | 4618842 |
| crossed immunoelectrophoretic characterization of chilo iridescent virus surface antigens. | the surface antigens of iridovirus type 6 (civ) were characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. using different solubilization techniques, up to seven antigenic determinants corresponding to four viral structural polypeptides were identified. | 1982 | 6184034 |
| isolation and reconstitution of chilo iridescent virus membrane. | | 1982 | 6187312 |
| structural and thermodynamic investigation of the chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6). | structural features and thermodynamic parameters of the complete chilo iridescent virus (iridovirus type 6) and its constituents, isolated from the larvae of galleria mellonella, were evaluated by means of uv spectroscopy and microcalorimetry. it can be demonstrated that the viral dna is attached to the coat protein in a chromatin-like fashion, which is preserved after disruption of the virus by low temperature or partial digestion of the coat protein with proteinase k. at elevated temperature h ... | 1983 | 6838381 |
| lipid composition of an iridescent virus type 6 (civ). | the chilo iridescent virus (civ) is a lipid-containing virus propagated in vitro in choristoneura fumiferana cell cultures. we have analysed the individual lipids of the viral membrane which appeared interesting in their relative amounts and mainly in the high proportion of phosphatidylinositol. this fraction represented about 27 per cent of the phospholipid extract. the lipid composition of the viral membrane was unchanged whether the virus was propagated in vivo in larvae or in vitro in invert ... | 1982 | 7149999 |
| inhibition of macromolecular synthesis in cells infected with an invertebrate virus (iridovirus type 6 or civ). | chilo iridescent virus (civ), an invertebrate virus, rapidly inhibits cellular rna, dna and protein synthesis in permissive and non permissive vertebrate and invertebrate cell lines. the integrity of the viral genome is not required for inhibitory expression, since viral proteins solubilized from civ by freezing and treatment with edta exhibit inhibitory properties similar to those of intact virions. | 1980 | 7356399 |
| identification of the primary structure and the coding capacity of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6 between the genome coordinates 0.310 and 0.347 (7990 bp). | the primary structure and the coding capacity of the insect iridescent virus type 6--chilo iridescent virus (civ)--were determined between the genome coordinates 0.310 (ecori site) and 0.347 (clai site). the ecori civ dna fragment m (7.1 kb; 0.310-0.345 map units) harbors one out of at least six loci of dna replication origins which is located at nucleotide position 485-513. the identification of the structural properties and the coding capacity of the ecori civ dna fragment m was carried out by ... | 1994 | 7698884 |
| identification and properties of the largest subunit of the dna-dependent rna polymerase of fish lymphocystis disease virus: dramatic difference in the domain organization in the family iridoviridae. | cytoplasmic dna viruses encode a dna-dependent rna polymerase (ddrp) that is essential for transcription of viral genes. the amino acid sequences of the known largest subunits of ddrps from different species contain highly conserved regions. oligonucleotide primers, deduced from two conserved domains (rqp[t/s]lh and nadfdgde) were used for detecting the corresponding gene of fish lymphocystis disease virus (flcdv), a member of the family iridoviridae, which replicates in the cytoplasm of infecte ... | 1995 | 7730795 |
| insect iridescent virus type 6 encodes a polypeptide related to the largest subunit of eukaryotic rna polymerase ii. | cytoplasmic dna viruses encode a dna-dependent rna polymerase (ddrp) that is essential for transcription of viral genes. the amino acid sequences of known large subunits of ddrps contain highly conserved regions. oligonucleotide primers, deduced from two conserved domains [rqp(t/s)lh and nadfdgde] were used in pcr experiments for the detection of the corresponding gene of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6, also known as chilo iridescent virus (civ). a specific dna product of about 150 ... | 1994 | 8021587 |
| chilo iridescent virus encodes a putative helicase belonging to a distinct family within the "dead/h" superfamily: implications for the evolution of large dna viruses. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the ecori dna fragment m (7099 bp; 0.310-0.345 map units) of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6--chilo iridescent virus (civ)--was determined. a 606 codon open reading frame located in this region encoded a protein (p69) related to a distinct family of putative dna and/or rna helicases belonging to the "dead/h" superfamily. unique sequence signatures were derived that allowed selective retrieval of the putative helicases of the new family from amino ... | 1994 | 8073636 |
| western equine encephalomyelitis: virulence markers and their epidemiologic significance. | comparative studies are described on the virulence of the western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) complex viruses for mice. three epizootic wee virus strains (mcmillan, cba 87, and cba civ 180) and five enzootic wee complex viruses (highlands j [hj], y62-33, aura, fort morgan [fm], and wee ag80-646) were examined. the neurovirulence and the neuroinvasiveness of these viruses for adult mice were established and correlated with viremia and virus replication in brain tissue. adult mice inoculated in ... | 1993 | 8103970 |
| identification of genes encoding zinc finger proteins, non-histone chromosomal hmg protein homologue, and a putative gtp phosphohydrolase in the genome of chilo iridescent virus. | five rna transcripts of about 1.2 to 1.7 kilobases were mapped to a part of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6 (chilo iridescent virus; civ) between genome coordinates 0.832 and 0.856 within the ecori dna fragment f. the nucleotide sequence of this particular region (5702 base pairs) of the civ genome was determined. the dna sequence contains a number of perfect direct, inverted, and palindromic repeats including three clusters of tandemly organized repetitive dna elements located betw ... | 1994 | 8121799 |
| identification of the gene encoding the major capsid protein of fish lymphocystis disease virus. | the gene encoding the major capsid protein (mcp) of fish lymphocystis disease virus (flounder isolate; flcdv-f) has been identified by pcr using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to different regions of the mcp of tipula iridescent virus (tiv), iridescent virus 22 (iv22) and chilo iridescent virus (civ). dna fragments of 0.4 kbp, 0.5 kbp and 0.27 kbp in size were amplified using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to amino acids (aa) 146 to 153 (primer 1) and 274 to 268 (primer 6), or aa 1 ... | 1993 | 8409939 |
| prokaryotic members of a new family of putative helicases with similarity to transcription activator snf2. | cloning and sequence analysis of a new open reading frame from bacillus cereus reveals the relationship to a recently identified family of putative eukaryotic transcription activators similar to the yeast snf2 gene product. as a result of comparative analysis of sequence features conserved in all members of this family, a gene from a chilo iridescent virus, as well as a putative helicase from escherichia coli (hepa), can also be grouped into this family. the unexpected presence of prokaryotic an ... | 1993 | 8464078 |
| identification of the gene encoding the major capsid protein of insect iridescent virus type 6 by polymerase chain reaction. | the gene encoding the major capsid protein of chilo iridescent virus (civ) has been identified by pcr using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to different regions of the major capsid proteins of tipula iridescent virus (tiv) and iridescent virus 22 (iv22). a dna fragment of 0.5 kbp was amplified using two oligonucleotide primers corresponding to the amino acid positions 146 to 153 and 304 to 313 of the major capsid protein of tiv, respectively. the radioactively labelled dna fragment derived ... | 1993 | 8492091 |
| evolution of viral dna-dependent rna polymerases. | the dna-dependent rna polymerase (ddrp or rnap) is an essential enzyme of transcription of replicating systems of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms as well as cytoplasmic dna viruses. ddrps are complex multisubunit enzymes consisting of 8-14 subunits, including two large subunits and several smaller polypeptides (small subunits). an extensive search between the amino acid sequences of the known largest subunit of dna-dependent rna polymerases (rpo1) of different organisms indicates that all t ... | 1995 | 8828152 |
| the nef gene from a long-term hiv type 1 nonprogressor. | we examined the nef gene of hiv-1 in a long-term nonprogressor to look for evidence suggesting an attenuated virus. the nef gene was previously shown to be required for induction of aids. simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) deleted in nef, while infectious, fails to sustain the high viral loads necessary for the induction of aids in infected adult rhesus monkeys. the human subject of this report was found to harbor virus (hiv-1 sur25) encoding open-nef reading frames. however, the nef genes of t ... | 1996 | 8906995 |
| development of dna diagnostic methods for the detection of new fish iridoviral diseases. | a new disease of epidemic proportions caused by fish viruses within the iridoviridae family inflicts serious damage on red sea breams (pagrus major) and striped jack (caranx delicatissimus) populations grown in aquacultures in japan. a partial segment of the fish iridoviral dna was directly amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with synthetic primers designed from well conserved nucleotide sequences between the frog virus 3 (ranavirus) and the silkworm iridescent virus type 6. the ... | 1997 | 9094219 |
| biological characteristics of an enzootic subtype of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from argentina. | in order to expand our knowledge on the biological characteristics of an enzootic south american subtype of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus, strain ag80-646, we inoculated guinea pigs, rabbits, newborn chickens and vero and chick embryo cell cultures with this and other wee and wee-related viruses. ag80-646 was found apathogenic for guinea pigs even when inoculated intracranially (i.e.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.), and the animals did not develop viraemia. ag80-646 killed rabbits an ... | 1997 | 9199709 |
| the dna sequence of chilo iridescent virus between the genome coordinates 0.101 and 0.391; similarities in coding strategy between insect and vertebrate iridoviruses. | chilo iridescent virus (civ), the type species of the genus iridovirus within the family iridoviridae, is highly pathogenic for larvae of important pest insects. the virions contain a single linear double-stranded dna molecule (209 kbp) that is circularly permuted and terminally redundant. the nucleotide sequence of the viral genome between the genome coordinates 0.101 and 0.391 (60,170 bp) was determined by automated cycle sequencing. this particular region of the civ genome contains 112 open r ... | 1997 | 9482589 |
| is the major capsid protein of iridoviruses a suitable target for the study of viral evolution? | iridoviruses are large cytoplasmic dna viruses that are specific for different insect or vertebrate hosts. the major structural component of the non-enveloped icosahedral virus particles is the major capsid protein (mcp) which appears to be highly conserved among members of the family iridoviridae, phycodnaviridae, and african swine fever virus. the amino acid sequences of the known mcps were used in comparative analyses to elucidate the phylogenic relationships between different cytoplasmic dna ... | 1998 | 9562891 |
| outpatient continuous intravenous interleukin-2 or subcutaneous, polyethylene glycol-modified interleukin-2 in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study. australian il-2 study group. | the safety and activity of outpatient-based continuous intravenous interleukin-2 (civ il-2) or a slow-release, polyethylene glycol (peg)-modified il-2 were studied in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons with cd4 cell counts between 200 and 500/mm3. one hundred fifteen patients were randomized to antiretroviral therapy plus cyclical civ il-2 (n = 27), subcutaneous peg il-2 (n = 58), or no il-2 (n = 30). toxicity withdrawal rates were low (4% for civ il-2 and 7% for peg il-2). ther ... | 1998 | 9806026 |
| sequence comparison of the major capsid protein gene from 18 diverse iridoviruses. | insect iridoviruses (iv) have been found on all continents of the world and in a broad range of insect hosts. the host range for a single strain can cross several insect orders. this along with a paucity of molecular information on all but a few members has led to confusion in the taxonomy and classification of these viruses and in the identification of potentially novel isolates. to address this problem consensus pcr primers were designed to amplify and sequence a 500 bp region of the major cap ... | 1998 | 9856083 |
| identification of a thymidylate synthase gene within the genome of chilo iridescent virus. | the thymidylate synthase (ts, ec 2.1.1.45) is essential for the de novo synthesis of dtmp in pro- and eucaryotic organisms. consequently it plays a major role in the replication of the dna genome of a cell or a dna virus. the gene encoding the ts of chilo iridescent virus (civ) was identified by nucleotide sequence analysis of the viral genome and was mapped within the ecori civ dna fragments g and r. computer assisted analysis of the dna nucleotide sequence between the genome coordinates 0.482 ... | 1998 | 9926400 |
| identification of a gene cluster within the genome of chilo iridescent virus encoding enzymes involved in viral dna replication and processing. | the nucleotide sequence of the genome of chilo iridescent virus (civ) between the genome coordinates 0.974 and 0.101 comprising 27,079 bp was determined. computer-assisted analysis of the dna sequence of this particular region of the civ genome revealed the presence of 42 potential open reading frames (orfs) with coding capacities for polypeptides ranging from 50 to 1,273 amino acid residues. the analysis of the amino acid sequences deduced from the individual orfs resulted in the identification ... | 1999 | 10456793 |
| effect of temperature, ph, ion concentration, and chloroform treatment on the stability of invertebrate iridescent virus 6. | | 2000 | 10631064 |
| characterization of an iridescent virus isolated from gryllus bimaculatus (orthoptera: gryllidae). | we have isolated an iridescent virus from commercially produced colonies of gryllus bimaculatus in germany, which showed apparent mortality. transmission electron microscopy studies on adult cricket specimens revealed the paracrystalline assembly of icosahedral virus particles in the cytoplasm of hypertrophied abdominal fat body cells. the infecting agent could be cultivated in the lepidopteran cell line sf-9, where it caused cytopathogenic effects such as cell hypertrophy, cytoplasmic vacuoliza ... | 2001 | 11161994 |
| replication of chilo iridescent virus in the cotton boll weevil, anthonomus grandis, and development of an infectivity assay. | the boll weevil, anthonomus grandis boheman, is a devastating pest of cotton. chemical pesticides are problematic due to relative lack of target specificity and resistance. microbial pesticides may provide viable alternatives because of their narrow host range. chilo iridescent virus (civ) is the type species for genus iridovirus, family iridoviridae: large, icosahedral cytoplasmic viruses containing a double-stranded dna genome. earlier work suggested that civ replicated in the boll weevil; how ... | 2001 | 11402862 |
| analysis of the first complete dna sequence of an invertebrate iridovirus: coding strategy of the genome of chilo iridescent virus. | chilo iridescent virus (civ), the type species of the genus iridovirus, a member of the iridoviridae family, is highly pathogenic for a variety of insect larvae. the virions contain a single linear ds dna molecule that is circularly permuted and terminally redundant. the coding capacity and strategy of the civ genome was elucidated by the analysis of the complete dna nucleotide sequence of the viral genome (212,482 bp) using cycle sequencing by primer walking technology. both dna strands were se ... | 2001 | 11448171 |
| a comparison of techniques for detecting invertebrate iridescent virus 6. | the aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and precision of various methods for the detection and quantification of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) (iridoviridae) isolated from a the stem-boring moth chilo suppressalis, and to apply these techniques to the detection of covert infections in the wax moth, galleria mellonella. the relationship between the virus concentration and absorbance at 260 nm was linear over the range of 1.6 x 10(9)-5.6 x 10(10) particles/ml. tcid(50) assay ... | 2001 | 11576637 |
| characterization of chelonus inanitus polydnavirus segments: sequences and analysis, excision site and demonstration of clustering. | polydnaviruses (genera ichnovirus and bracovirus) have a segmented genome of circular double-stranded dna molecules, replicate in the ovary of parasitic wasps and are essential for successful parasitism of the host. here we show the first detailed analysis of various segments of a bracovirus, the chelonus inanitus virus (civ). four segments were sequenced and two of them, civ12 and civ14, were found to be closely related while civ14.5 and civ16.8 were unrelated. civ12, civ14.5 and civ16.8 are un ... | 2002 | 11752722 |
| occurrence of an invertebrate iridescent-like virus (iridoviridae) in reptiles. | viral isolates were obtained in 1998, 1999 and 2000 from the lung, liver and intestine of two bearded dragons (pogona vitticeps) and a chameleon (chamaeleo quadricornis) and from the skin of a frill-necked lizard (chamydosaurus kingii) by using viper heart cells (vh2) at 28 degrees c. electron microscopic examination of infected vh2 cells revealed the assembly of icosahedral iridovirus-like particles measuring 139 nm (side to side) and 151 nm (apex to apex). negatively stained virus particles ha ... | 2001 | 11765804 |
| transcription and temporal cascade in chilo iridescent virus infected cells. | chilo iridescent virus (civ) is the type species for genus iridovirus, and belongs to the family iridoviridae. members of this family are large, isometric, cytoplasmic dna viruses. our laboratory has established that civ replicates productively in the cotton boll weevil, anthonomus grandis. given the economic importance of this host and the dearth of knowledge on this virus, we have initiated host-virus interaction and molecular studies on civ. this report focuses on regulation of transcription ... | 2001 | 11765918 |
| comparative analysis of the genome and host range characteristics of two insect iridoviruses: chilo iridescent virus and a cricket iridovirus isolate. | the iridovirus isolate termed cricket iridovirus (criv) was isolated in 1996 from gryllus campestris l. and acheta domesticus l. (both orthoptera, gryllidae). criv dna shows distinct dna restriction patterns different from those known for insect iridescent virus type 6 (iiv-6). this observation led to the assumption that criv might be a new species within the family iridoviridae. criv can be transmitted perorally to orthopteran species, resulting in specific, fatal diseases. these species includ ... | 2002 | 11807240 |
| the thymidylate synthase gene of hz-1 virus: a gene captured from its lepidopteran host. | the sequence analysis of a thymidylate synthase gene was identified in the hz-1 virus hindiii-d fragment. the viral thymidylate synthase gene encodes a protein of 295 amino acids, and is closely related to that of insect, mammals and herpesvirus. the thymidylate synthase gene identified was a genuine viral gene in that it was only detected in cells infected with hz-1 virus but not in the mock infected cells, by southern blot analysis and by rt-pcr. results of phylogenetic analysis based on non-s ... | 2001 | 11881814 |
| characterization of two genes of the polydnavirus of chelonus inanitus and their stage-specific expression in the host spodoptera littoralis. | chelonus inanitus (braconidae, hymenoptera) is a solitary egg-larval parasitoid of spodoptera littoralis. along with the egg the female wasp injects polydnaviruses, which are prerequisites for successful parasitoid development. the polydnavirus genome is segmented and consists of double-stranded circular dna. proviral dna is integrated in the wasp's genome; virus replication is restricted to the wasp's ovary and does not occur in the parasitized host. the polydnavirus of c. inanitus (civ) protec ... | 2002 | 11961262 |
| discovering new insect viruses: whitefly iridovirus (homoptera: aleyrodidae: bemisia tabaci). | adult whiteflies, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), collected from the field were screened for viral pathogens using a cell line from the silverleaf whitefly, b. tabaci, b biotype (syn. b. argentifolii). homogenates from the field-collected whiteflies were applied to cell cultures and checked for cytopathic effects (cpe). cells were observed to develop cytoplasmic inclusions and to have a change in morphology. cells displaying cpe were observed using a transmission electron microscope and found to be ... | 2001 | 12009803 |
| sensitivity of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 to organic solvents, detergents, enzymes and temperature treatment. | the sensitivity of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) to a selection of organic solvents, detergents, enzymes and heat treatment was assayed in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells and by injection of inoculum into larvae of galleria mellonella. in several cases, the degree of sensitivity of the virus depended on the method of assay; cell culture assays indicated greater losses of activity than insect bioassay. iiv-6 was sensitive to chloroform but sensitivity to ether was only detected by cel ... | 2003 | 12573504 |
| sublethal iridovirus disease of the mosquito aedes aegypti is due to viral replication not cytotoxicity. | invertebrate iridescent viruses (iridoviridae) possess a highly cytotoxic protein. in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae), invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) usually causes covert (inapparent) infection that reduces fitness. to determine whether sublethal effects of iiv-6 are principally due to cytotoxicity of the viral inoculum (which inhibits macromolecular synthesis in the host), or caused by replication of the virus larvae of the mosquito aedes aegypti (l) were exposed to untreated iiv-6 vi ... | 2003 | 12823836 |
| molecular anatomy of chilo iridescent virus genome and the evolution of viral genes. | chilo iridescent virus (civ) or insect iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) is the type species of the genus iridovirus, a member of the iridoviridae family. civ is highly pathogenic for a variety of insect larvae and this implicates a possible use as a biological insecticide. civ progeny and assembly occur in the cytoplasm of the infected cell and accumulate in the fatbody of the infected insects. since the discovery of civ in 1966, many attempts were made to elucidate the viral genome structure and the ... | 2002 | 12881641 |
| evidence for the evolution of ascoviruses from iridoviruses. | ascoviruses (family ascoviridae) are large, enveloped, double-stranded (ds)dna viruses that attack lepidopteran larvae and pupae, and are unusual in that they are transmitted by parasitic wasps during oviposition. previous comparisons of dna polymerase sequences from vertebrate and invertebrate viruses suggested that ascoviruses are closely related to iridoviruses. this relationship was unexpected because these viruses differ markedly in virion symmetry, genome configuration and cellular patholo ... | 2003 | 14573805 |
| protein splicing of inteins with atypical glutamine and aspartate c-terminal residues. | inteins are protein-splicing domains present in many proteins. they self-catalyze their excision from the host protein, ligating their former flanks by a peptide bond. the c-terminal residue of inteins is typically an asparagine (asn). cyclization of this residue to succinimide causes the final detachment of inteins from their hosts. we studied protein-splicing activity of two inteins with atypical c-terminal residues. one having a c-terminal glutamine (gln), isolated from chilo iridescent virus ... | 2004 | 14593103 |
| genomic sequence of a ranavirus (family iridoviridae) associated with salamander mortalities in north america. | disease is among the suspected causes of amphibian population declines, and an iridovirus and a chytrid fungus are the primary pathogens associated with amphibian mortalities. ambystoma tigrinum virus (atv) and a closely related strain, regina ranavirus (rrv), are implicated in salamander die-offs in arizona and canada, respectively. we report the complete sequence of the atv genome and partial sequence of the rrv genome. sequence analysis of the atv/rrv genomes showed marked similarity to other ... | 2003 | 14599794 |
| promoter analysis of the chilo iridescent virus dna polymerase and major capsid protein genes. | the dna polymerase (dnapol) and major capsid protein (mcp) genes were used as models to study promoter activity in chilo iridescent virus (civ). infection of bombyx mori spc-bm-36 cells in the presence of inhibitors of dna or protein synthesis showed that dnapol, as well as helicase, is an immediate-early gene and confirmed that the major capsid protein (mcp) is a late gene. transcription of dnapol initiated 35 nt upstream and that of mcp 14 nt upstream of the translational start site. in a luci ... | 2003 | 14698670 |
| transcriptional mapping in chilo iridescent virus infections. | chilo iridescent virus (civ) belongs to the family iridoviridae, which are icosahedral cytoplasmic dna viruses with large, linear, and circularly permuted genomes. previous studies on infected-cell-specific polypeptides suggested temporal regulation of civ gene expression. recently, we demonstrated three temporal classes at the transcriptional level, in civ infections of a spruce budworm cell line. we also demonstrated a transcriptional cascade with positive and negative control. in this paper, ... | 2004 | 15045560 |
| stage-dependent expression of chelonus inanitus polydnavirus genes in the host and the parasitoid. | chelonus inanitus (braconidae) is a solitary egg-larval parasitoid of spodoptera littoralis (noctuidae). along with the egg it also injects polydnaviruses (civ) and venom, which are prerequisites for successful parasitoid development. civ protects the parasitoid from encapsulation by the host's immune system and induces a developmental arrest in the prepupal stage. the polydnavirus genome consists of several double-stranded circular dna segments. proviral dna is integrated in the wasp's genome a ... | 2004 | 15607504 |
| iridovirus in the root weevil diaprepes abbreviatus. | invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv6) was evaluated for mode of transmission and ability to cause infection in the root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus (l.). this is the first evidence of iiv6 infection in d. abbreviatus, which caused both patent and sub-lethal covert infections in both larvae and adults. adults and larvae were successfully infected with iiv6 by puncture, injection and per os. transmission of iiv6 was demonstrated between infected and healthy individuals regardless of gender. vir ... | 2003 | 15841225 |
| iridovirus infection of cell cultures from the diaprepes root weevil, diaprepes abbreviatus. | we here report the development and viral infection of a diaprepes root weevil cell culture. embryonic tissues of the root weevil were used to establish cell cultures for use in screening viral pathogens as potential biological control agents. tissues were seeded into a prepared solution of insect medium and kept at a temperature of 24 degrees c. the cell culture had primarily fibroblast-like morphology with some epithelial monolayers. root weevil cells were successfully infected in vitro with a ... | 2003 | 15841252 |
| identification of a bohle iridovirus thymidine kinase gene and demonstration of activity using vaccinia virus. | in recent years interest in the family iridoviridae has been renewed by the identification of a number of viruses, particularly from the genus ranavirus, associated with disease in a range of poikilotherms. ranaviruses have been isolated from amphibian, piscine and reptilian species. here we describe an open reading frame (orf) identified in the genome of bohle iridovirus (biv) which contains a nucleotide binding motif conserved within the thymidine kinase (tk) genes of iridoviruses from other g ... | 2005 | 15883656 |
| metal nanoshell assembly on a virus bioscaffold. | chilo iridescent virus is demonstrated as a useful core substrate in the fabrication of metallodielectric, plasmonic nanostructures. a gold shell is assembled around the wild-type viral core by attaching small, 2-5-nm gold nanoparticles to the virus surface by means of the chemical functionality found inherently on the surface of the proteinaceous viral capsid. the density of these nucleation sites was maximized by reducing the repulsive forces between the gold particles through electrolyte addi ... | 2005 | 15943466 |
| persistence of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 in tropical artificial aquatic environments. brief report. | the rate of loss of activity of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6, family iridoviridae) was determined in two artificial aquatic habitats in southern mexico, using a sensitive insect bioassay technique. iiv-6 placed in trays of water in direct sunlight suffered rapid loss of activity (99.99% reduction) over a period of 36 h, during which water temperatures fluctuated between 24 and 41 degrees c. no significant deactivation occurred during the hours of darkness. in contrast, iiv-6 placed in ... | 2005 | 15986169 |
| immunization against influenza a virus: comparison of conventional inactivated, live-attenuated and recombinant baculovirus produced purified hemagglutinin and neuraminidase vaccines in a murine model system. | to simulate the 2003-2004 influenza season and compare available vaccination methods, immunologically naive mice were immunized with: influenza a virus hemagglutinin (rha) and neuraminidase (rna) from a/panama/2007/99 h3n2 or a/fujian/411/2002 h3n2 expressed by recombinant baculovirus, chromatographically purified, either as single antigens (rha or rna) or in combination (rharna); conventional inactivated monovalent (civ) vaccines from each heterotypic strain; or a live-attenuated influenza (lav ... | 2005 | 15996702 |
| [correlation between hbsag, hcv expression in cancerous and pericancer tissues of hepatocellular carcinoma and liver fibrosis markers in serum]. | to study the correlation between hbsag and hcv in hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) pericarcinomatous tissues and serum liver fibrosis markers. | 2005 | 16042887 |
| in silico characterization of the family of parp-like poly(adp-ribosyl)transferases (parts). | adp-ribosylation is an enzyme-catalyzed posttranslational protein modification in which mono(adp-ribosyl)transferases (marts) and poly(adp-ribosyl)transferases (parts) transfer the adp-ribose moiety from nad onto specific amino acid side chains and/or adp-ribose units on target proteins. | 2005 | 16202152 |
| [clinical study on treatment of cirrhosis by different dosages of salvia injection]. | to find the optimal dosage of salvia injection (si) on treating cirrhosis with hepatitis b virus (hbv). | 2005 | 16447879 |
| enzyme activities associated with an invertebrate iridovirus: protein kinase activity associated with iridescent virus type 6 (chilo iridescent virus). | iridescent virus type 6 was found to contain an endogenous protein kinase activity which can phosphorylate some viral proteins and exogenous basic proteins. the enzyme required a divalent metal ion but was not stimulated by cyclic nucleotides. procedures which are known to solubilize the viral envelope indicated that the protein kinase was an internal component of the virion. conditions for protein kinase activity are described. | 1980 | 16789199 |
| dna analysis of insect iridescent virus 6: evidence for circular permutation and terminal redundancy. | dna analysis of small insect iridovirus 6 was performed. combined exonuclease-restriction endonuclease digestions revealed that all resulting fragments were degraded without preference for any one dna fragment. upon denaturation and reannealing of native linear chilo iridescent virus dna (158 x 10(6) daltons), duplex dna circles of a smaller size (140 x 10(6) daltons) with protruding tails were formed. | 1984 | 16789247 |
| differential adsorption of occluded and nonoccluded insect-pathogenic viruses to soil-forming minerals. | soil represents the principal environmental reservoir of many insect-pathogenic viruses. we compared the adsorption and infectivity of one occluded and two nonoccluded viruses, helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (hasnpv) (baculoviridae), cricket paralysis virus (crpv) (dicistroviridae), and invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) (iridoviridae), respectively, in mixtures with a selection of soil-forming minerals. the relative infective titers of hasnpv and crpv were unchanged or sl ... | 2006 | 16820456 |
| genome of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (mosquito iridescent virus). | iridoviruses (ivs) are classified into five genera: iridovirus and chloriridovirus, whose members infect invertebrates, and ranavirus, lymphocystivirus, and megalocytivirus, whose members infect vertebrates. until now, chloriridovirus was the only iv genus for which a representative and complete genomic sequence was not available. here, we report the genome sequence and comparative analysis of a field isolate of invertebrate iridescent virus type 3 (iiv-3), also known as mosquito iridescent viru ... | 2006 | 16912294 |
| genomic sequence of spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a, an enveloped, double-stranded dna insect virus that manipulates apoptosis for viral reproduction. | ascoviruses (family ascoviridae) are double-stranded dna viruses with circular genomes that attack lepidopterans, where they produce large, enveloped virions, 150 by 400 nm, and cause a chronic, fatal disease with a cytopathology resembling that of apoptosis. after infection, host cell dna is degraded, the nucleus fragments, and the cell then cleaves into large virion-containing vesicles. these vesicles and virions circulate in the hemolymph, where they are acquired by parasitic wasps during ovi ... | 2006 | 16987980 |
| evaluation of the ability of canarypox-vectored equine influenza virus vaccines to induce humoral immune responses against canine influenza viruses in dogs. | to evaluate canarypox-vectored equine influenza virus (eiv) vaccines expressing hemagglutinins of a/equine/kentucky/94 (vcp1529) and a2/equine/ohio /03 (vcp2242) for induction of antibody responses against canine influenza virus (civ) in dogs. | 2007 | 17269888 |
| induction of apoptosis by iridovirus virion protein extract. | chilo iridescent virus (civ; iiv-6) is the type member of the genus iridovirus (family iridoviridae, large icosahedral cytoplasmic dna viruses). civ induces death and deformity in the cotton boll weevil, anthonomus grandis, replicates productively in larvae of the cotton boll weevil, and significantly reduces laboratory populations of the cotton aphid, aphis gossypii. civ virion protein extract (cvpe) shuts down host protein synthesis in several insect cell lines and induces mortality in neonate ... | 2007 | 17347770 |
| the chilo iridescent virus dna polymerase promoter contains an essential aaaat motif. | the delayed-early dna polymerase promoter of chilo iridescent virus (civ), officially known as invertebrate iridescent virus, was fine mapped by constructing a series of increasing deletions and by introducing point mutations. the effects of these mutations were examined in a luciferase reporter gene system using bombyx mori cells transfected with promoter constructs and infected with civ. when the size of the upstream element was reduced from position -19 to -15, relative to the transcriptional ... | 2007 | 17698658 |
| development and characterization of a continuous cell line, afkm-on-h, from hemocytes of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera, pyralidae). | the corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, is a very important pest in different countries, and the in vitro system of the insect could be a useful tool for isolation and characterization of the pathogens and physiological responses of the insect. in this context, a cell line was derived from the hemocytes of the european corn borer and was named afkm-on-h for, respectively, o. nubilalis, armand frappier, king mongkut institutes, and hemocytes. this cell line was initiated and maintained in ex-cell 400 ... | 2007 | 17846857 |
| modulation of iridovirus-induced apoptosis by endocytosis, early expression, jnk, and apical caspase. | chilo iridescent virus (civ) is the type species for the family iridoviridae, which are large, isometric, cytoplasmic dsdna viruses. we examined the mechanism of apoptosis induction by civ. high civ doses (civ(xs); 400 microg/ml), uv-irradiated virus (civ(uv); 10 microg/ml) and cvpe (civ protein extract; 10 microg/ml) induced apoptosis in 60% of treated choristoneura fumiferana (ipri-cf-124t) cells. normal doses of infectious civ (10 microg/ml) induced apoptosis in only 10% of c. fumiferana (cf) ... | 2008 | 17942133 |
| transcriptional analysis of a major capsid protein gene from spodoptera exigua ascovirus 5a. | the major capsid protein (mcp) gene of spodoptera exigua ascovirus 5a (seav-5a) was confirmed by aphidicolin viral dna replication inhibition analysis to be a late gene. the 5' and 3' ends of mcp gene transcripts have been mapped. primer extension analyses indicated that transcription of the mcp gene initiates from a cytosine 25 nucleotides (nt) upstream of the translation start codon. two independent approaches by 3' rapid amplification of cdna ends (3' race) and oligo (dt) cellulose binding as ... | 2008 | 17978884 |
| evaluation of a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) vaccine expressing h3 haemagglutinin in the protection of dogs against canine influenza. | in 2004, canine influenza virus (civ) was identified as a respiratory pathogen of dogs for the first time and found to be closely related to h3n8 equine influenza virus (eiv). we generated a recombinant vectored vaccine that expresses h3 of a recent isolate of eiv using equine herpesvirus type 1 (ehv-1) as the delivery vehicle. this ehv-1 vectored vaccine exhibited robust and stable eiv h3 expression and induced a strong influenza virus-specific response in both mice and dogs upon intranasal or ... | 2008 | 18407383 |
| open reading frame 193r of chilo iridescent virus encodes a functional inhibitor of apoptosis (iap). | programmed cell death or apoptosis is a major defense mechanism in insects in response to viral infections. the genome of chilo iridescent virus (civ) has three orfs with homology to baculovirus inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) genes. the proteins encoded by the 157l, 193r, and 332l orfs contain 152, 208 and 234 amino acids, respectively. while all three proteins contain c-terminal ring domains, only the protein encoded by orf 193r contains a baculoviral iap repeat (bir) domain, indicative of a puta ... | 2008 | 18420249 |
| canine influenza. | in 2004, the isolation of an influenza virus from racing greyhounds changed the point of reference for discussions about influenza virus in dogs. a virus isolated from greyhounds did not have its origin in a previously described human influenza virus but came from a virus with an equine history. more significantly, evidence emerged to indicate that the virus was capable of transmission from dog to dog. this virus is now referred to as canine influenza virus (civ) and is the focus of this review. ... | 2008 | 18501281 |
| recombinant influenza b virus ha and na antigens administered in equivalent amounts are immunogenically equivalent and induce equivalent homotypic and broader heterovariant protection in mice than conventional and live influenza vaccines. | influenza b virus is an important cause of acute upper respiratory disease in humans. vaccination is the primary method of control of influenza related disease, yet vaccine methodology and production technology have not changed in over 40 years. in this study, we compare the efficacy of recombinant baculovirus produced protein based neuraminidase containing influenza b vaccines with conventional inactivated influenza vaccine (civ) and live-attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) in a murine model. a ... | 2008 | 18535408 |
| dna nucleotide sequence analysis of the pvuii dna fragment l of the genome of insect iridescent virus type 6 reveals a complex cluster of multiple tandem, overlapping, and interdigitated repetitive dna elements. | the dna nucleotide sequence of the pvuii dna fragment l (0.920 to 0.944 map units (m.u.)) of the genome (209 kbp) of insect iridescent virus type 6 was determined. the size of this dna fragment was 5064 by with a base composition of 39.79% g + c and 60.21 % a + t. the dna sequence contained many perfect direct repeats of sizes up to 145 bp. in addition to these repetitions, a cluster of four imperfect repetitive dna elements (r1 to r4) with a complex structural arrangement was detected. r1, r2, ... | 1988 | 18644584 |
| a study of the effect of splenectomy on hepatic functional reserve and structural damage in patients with chronic hepatitis c virus infection by non-invasive serum markers. a prospective study. | several beneficial effects of splenectomy on the liver integrity have been recently reported by both experimental and clinical studies. however, the effects of splenectomy on hepatic functional reserve and structural damage in patients with chronic hepatitis c (chc) were not studied by objective evidence. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of splenectomy on hepatic functional reserve and structural damage in patients with chc by non-invasive serum markers. the study involved 22 patie ... | 2008 | 18662898 |
| the capsid proteins of a large, icosahedral dsdna virus. | chilo iridescent virus (civ) is a large (approximately 1850 a diameter) insect virus with an icosahedral, t=147 capsid, a double-stranded dna (dsdna) genome, and an internal lipid membrane. the structure of civ was determined to 13 a resolution by means of cryoelectron microscopy (cryoem) and three-dimensional image reconstruction. a homology model of p50, the civ major capsid protein (mcp), was built based on its amino acid sequence and the structure of the homologous paramecium bursaria chlore ... | 2009 | 19027752 |
| canine influenza virus replicates in alveolar macrophages and induces tnf-alpha. | canine influenza virus (civ) is a recently emergent pathogen of dogs that has caused highly contagious respiratory disease in racing greyhounds, pet dogs, and shelter animals. initial characterizations of civ-induced respiratory disease suggested alveolar macrophages may be susceptible to virus infection. to investigate the role of the alveolar macrophage in the pathogenesis of civ infection, primary alveolar macrophages were inoculated with civ and studied from 0 to 48 hours later. virus titers ... | 2009 | 19605916 |
| symbiotic virus at the evolutionary intersection of three types of large dna viruses; iridoviruses, ascoviruses, and ichnoviruses. | the ascovirus, dpav4a (family ascoviridae), is a symbiotic virus that markedly increases the fitness of its vector, the parasitic ichneumonid wasp, diadromus puchellus, by increasing survival of wasp eggs and larvae in their lepidopteran host, acrolepiopsis assectella. previous phylogenetic studies have indicated that dpav4a is related to the pathogenic ascoviruses, such as the spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a (sfav1a) and the lepidopteran iridovirus (family iridoviridae), chilo iridescent vir ... | 2009 | 19636425 |
| immunoinformatic comparison of t-cell epitopes contained in novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus with epitopes in 2008-2009 conventional influenza vaccine. | in march 2009 a novel swine-origin influenza a (h1n1) virus (s-oiv) emerged in mexico and the western united states. vaccination with conventional influenza vaccine (civ) does not result in cross-reactive antibodies, however, the disproportionate number of cases (37%) occurring among persons younger than 50 years old suggested that adaptive immune memory might be responsible for the relative lack of virulence in older, healthy adults. using epimatrix, a t-cell epitope prediction and comparison t ... | 2009 | 19660593 |
| experimental reproduction of canine influenza virus h3n8 infection in young puppies. | canine influenza virus (civ) subtype h3n8 has emerged as a new pathogen with sustained transmission in the dog population in the united states. in this study, we report the experimental induction of respiratory disease in dogs using three civ field isolates. young (14 to 15 weeks of age) civ-seronegative pups were challenged with one of three civ isolates and monitored for clinical signs of respiratory disease, nasal virus shedding, seroconversion, lung lesions, and virus isolation from the lowe ... | 2009 | 19742446 |
| the seroprevalence of canine respiratory coronavirus and canine influenza virus in dogs in new zealand. | to determine whether canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov) and canine influenza virus (civ) are present in dogs in new zealand. | 2009 | 19802044 |
| pathology in dogs with experimental canine h3n2 influenza virus infection. | avian-lineage h3n2 canine influenza virus (civ)-associated respiratory disease, which can be fatal, emerged in south korean dogs in 2007. we show here that dogs experimentally infected with civ only developed respiratory tract diseases, as no extrapulmonary lesions and virus antigens were detected. this differs from the multiorgan diseases that avian influenza h5n1 induces in small experimental animals. however, the civ-infected dogs developed a distinctively severe, long-persistent bronchointer ... | 2010 | 19963232 |