| [the occurrence of cryptococcus neoformans in fecal samples from birds kept in human living areas]. | with help of guizotia creatinine agar (syn. bird seed agar) cryptococcus (cr.) neoformans var. neoformans was isolated from 71 (7.7%) of 925 investigated droppings of birds kept within human living area. cr. neoformans was detected in droppings of 1.2% from 164 psittacines, in droppings of 1.7% from 118 budgerigars and in droppings of 18.4% from (carrier) pigeons. this yeast was not isolated from droppings of 13 small parrots, 10 eclectus parrots, 13 rosellas, 21 cockatiels, 6 polytelidus sp., 3 ... | 1991 | 1786044 |
| mycetoma in a grand eclectus (eclectus roratus roratus) parrot. | a grand eclectus parrot with central nervous system disturbances and wing paralysis was necropsied. there were two grayish-black nodules in the upper left thoracic cavity and one nodule in the lower left lung. in addition, several nodules were present in the cerebral hemispheres and optic lobes. the cerebellum had extensive areas of granulomatous lesions. microscopically, brown-staining hyphae were observed in the nodules. curvularia geniculata was isolated from the lesions. a diagnosis of mycet ... | 1986 | 3729893 |
| encephalitozoon hellem in two eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus): identification from archival tissues. | members of the phylum microspora are obligate, intracellular, single-celled parasites identified in a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. only a few cases of microsporidial infections have been documented in psittacine birds including peach-faced, masked, and fischer's lovebirds (agapornis roseicollis, a. personata, and a. fischeri, respectively), budgerigars (melopsittacus undulatus), and a double yellow-headed amazon parrot (amazona ochrocephala). parasite identification has typic ... | 1998 | 9864855 |
| production of a rabbit anti-cockatiel immunoglobulin g and characterization of its cross-reactivities with immunoglobulin g of other psittacine species. | the purpose of this work was to produce rabbit anti-cockatiel immunoglobulin g (igg) and compare its cross-reactivity with sera from eight other psittacine birds: quaker parakeet, budgerigar, green-wing macaw, blue-fronted amazon parrot, eclectus parrot, african grey parrot, patagonian conure, moluccan cockatoo. cockatiel igg did not bind to protein a or g; therefore, these proteins could not be used in column chromatography to isolate the igg. a combination of serum igg precipitation by ammoniu ... | 1999 | 10216759 |
| hepatic hyaline globules in an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | hepatic hyaline globules, similar to those reported in some human livers, were observed in liver tissue from an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). the cytoplasmic inclusions were periodic acid-schiff positive and diastase resistant and failed to stain by acid-fast or congo red techniques. ultrastructurally, the hepatic globules were composed of granular amorphous material with small peripheral striations that extended into the cytoplasm. | 2001 | 11482611 |
| normal and toxic zinc concentrations in serum/plasma and liver of psittacines with respect to genus differences. | determination of zinc concentration in serum/plasma and tissue of caged and aviary birds is commonly requested by practitioners because of an increased awareness of zinc toxicity. however, interpretation of zinc levels is often based on normal zinc concentrations established for poultry. also, it is likely that intergenus differences exist in normal zinc concentrations of pet birds. in an attempt to determine normal and toxic concentration ranges, zinc concentrations in liver (n = 276) and serum ... | 1999 | 12968734 |
| analysis of the beak and feather disease viral genome indicates the existence of several genotypes which have a complex psittacine host specificity. | a study was made of the phylogenetic relationships between fifteen complete nucleotide sequences as well as 43 nucleotide sequences of the putative coat protein gene of different strains belonging to the virus species beak and feather disease virus obtained from 39 individuals of 16 psittacine species. the species included among others, cockatoos ( cacatuini), african grey parrots ( psittacus erithacus) and peach-faced lovebirds ( agapornis roseicollis), which were infected at different geograph ... | 2004 | 15290360 |
| immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in an eclectus parrot. | a 2-year-old female solomon island eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) was evaluated by a veterinarian because of a 4-day history of progressive lethargy, weakness, poor appetite, and inactivity. the bird was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital for further examination. | 2007 | 17397343 |
| feather-picking psittacines: histopathology and species trends. | histologic findings are described for 408 feather-picking or self-mutilating psittacines with the use of biopsies from clinically affected and unaffected skin. inflammatory skin disease was diagnosed in 210 birds, and traumatic skin disease was diagnosed in 198 birds. criteria used for the diagnosis of inflammatory skin disease included the presence of perivascular inflammation in the superficial or deep dermis of clinically affected and unaffected sites. the primary histologic criteria for the ... | 2008 | 18487502 |
| use of a duodenal serosal patch in the repair of a colon rupture in a female solomon island eclectus parrot. | case description-a 444-g (0.98-lb) 4-year-old sexually intact female solomon island eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus solomonensis) was referred and evaluated for a suspected colonic obstruction. clinical findings-the parrot had a 3-day history of not passing feces and lack of appetite following treatment of dystocia that included percutaneous collapse of the egg and manual removal of egg fragments via the cloaca. during this procedure, a tear in the cloacal mucosa developed. the tear was repair ... | 2011 | 21453182 |
| disseminated histoplasmosis with concurrent oral candidiasis in an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | disseminated histoplasmosis caused by histoplasma capsulatum, a zoonotic fungal organism, is an important disease in animals and humans, particularly those with compromised immune systems. reports of disseminated histoplasmosis in an avian species are not available within the current literature. candida albicans, another fungal agent with zoonotic importance, is a commensal of the avian digestive tract that is often associated with opportunistic infections particularly in young or immunocompromi ... | 2011 | 21500041 |
| Systemic Coxiella-like Infection With Myocarditis and Hepatitis in an Eclectus Parrot (Eclectus roratus). | A multiorgan infection with a Coxiella-like organism was determined to be the cause of death of a female eclectus parrot(Eclectus roratus). The diagnosis was based on gross lesions, histopathology, Gimenez and Gram special stains, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of a bacterial 16s rRNA gene fragment isolated from hepatic and cardiac tissue. Gross postmortem examination revealed multifocal to coalescing foci of hepatic necrosis ... | 2011 | 21712515 |
| outbreak of mortality in psittacine birds in a mixed species aviary associated with erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection. | erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septicemia, associated with an increased mortality of captive psittacines in a mixed-species aviary, was diagnosed by histopathology, gram staining, bacterial culture and sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). over a period of 23 days with no premonitory signs, 2 rainbow lorikeets and an eclectus parrot died. of these birds, one lorikeet and the eclectus were submitted for necropsy. the main pathologic findings were thrombosi ... | 2011 | 21878682 |
| Adaptive secondary sex ratio adjustments via sex-specific infanticide in a bird. | Infanticide is easiest to understand when it involves killing the offspring of others [1], but a parent may also kill its own offspring if the sacrifice of currently dependent young leads to higher survival of brood mates [2] or an improvement in the parent's likely future reproduction [3]. However, sex-specific infanticide by parents of their own offspring, although occurring in some human societies [4], is rare across species. Its rarity may be because killing one sex combines wasted parental ... | 2011 | 22000102 |
| necrotising ventriculitis due to combined infection with rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis and candida krusei in an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | acute necrosis of the ventriculus is a very uncommon lesion in birds. we describe a fatal case of acute necrotising ventriculitis caused by rhizopus microsporus var. chinensis in a mature female eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). the bird presented acutely dull and lethargic, was vomiting and had bright green droppings, suggestive of acute heavy metal poisoning. it was treated with fluids and chelation therapy, but died within 12 h. necropsy, cytology, histopathology and culture results demonst ... | 2012 | 22731951 |
| carotenoid pigments and the selectivity of psittacofulvin-based coloration systems in parrots. | carotenoid pigments are commonly used as colorants of feathers and bare parts by birds. however, parrots (aves: psittaciformes) use a novel class of plumage pigments (called psittacofulvins) that, like carotenoids, are lipid-soluble and red, orange, or yellow in color. to begin to understand how and why parrots use these pigments and not carotenoids in their feathers, we must first describe the distribution of these two types of pigments in the diet, tissues, and fluids of these birds. here, we ... | 2004 | 15253871 |
| myocardial sarcocystosis in a grand eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) and a moluccan cockatoo (cacatua moluccensis). | cardiac sarcocystosis is described in a grand eclectus parrot and a moluccan cockatoo. many cysts containing metrocytes were observed within cardiac muscle fibers on tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. characteristic ultrastructural features of the cyst walls included the presence of villous projections containing microtubules. compartmentalization of the cysts resulted from inward extensions of the cyst wall. the differential diagnosis of sarcocystosis, the life cycle of the par ... | 2004 | 2114872 |
| filarial nematode infection in eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus) in taiwan. | a total of 166 psittacines belonging to 22 species were received by the animal hospital of national pingtung university of science & technology (npust) from 2013 to 2015. only eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus) were identified as hosts for microfilariae. all eclectus parrots were adult birds and had been kept in taiwan for more than three years. the relevance of filariae to eclectus parrots is evident as indicated by the 35.7% (5/14) infection rate. at necropsy, adult filarial nematodes 57-75 m ... | 2017 | 27654392 |
| sequence determination of a new parrot bornavirus-5 strain in japan: implications of clade-specific sequence diversity in the regions interacting with host factors. | in this study, the genome sequence of a new parrot bornavirus-5 (pabv-5) detected in eclectus roratus was determined. phylogenetic analysis showed that the genus bornavirus is divided into three major clades and that pabv-5 belongs to clade 2, which contains avian viruses that exhibit infectivity to mammalian cells. sequence comparisons of the regions known to interact with host factors indicated that the clade 2 avian viruses possess sequences intermediate between the clade 1 mammalian viruses ... | 2016 | 27166599 |
| use of a nitinol wire stent for management of severe tracheal stenosis in an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | a 25-year-old, female eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) presented for dyspnea 3 weeks after anesthesia and surgery for egg yolk coelomitis. radiography, computed tomography, and tracheoscopy revealed multiple tracheal strictures spanning a length of 2.6 cm in the mid to distal trachea. histopathologic examination revealed mild fibrosis, inflammation, and hyperplasia consistent with acquired tracheal strictures. tracheal resection was not considered possible because of the length of the affected ... | 2015 | 26378671 |
| plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentrations in psittacine birds: reference values, factors of variation, and association with feather-damaging behavior. | butyrylcholinesterase is a glycoprotein enzyme used in the diagnosis of toxicosis by cholinesterase-inhibitor agents like organophosphates and carbamates. in animals, butyrylcholinesterase concentrations have been shown to vary depending on numerous factors such as age, sex, diet, and season of sampling. to establish reference values of plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentrations in common psittacine species, plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentrations were measured in 1942 companion psittacine ... | 2014 | 24881148 |
| psittacid herpesvirus 3 infection in the eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) in australia. | psittacid herpesvirus 3 (pshv-3) has recently been implicated as the cause of a severe respiratory disease in bourke's parrots (neopsephotus bourkii) in the united states. in this report, the clinical manifestations and gross and microscopic lesions of pshv-3 infection in 2 eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus) in australia are described. the presence of a pshv-3 infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of pshv-3 dna using degenerate and pshv-3 primers. ele ... | 2013 | 23697483 |
| suspected osteoma in an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus roratus). | a 7-month-old, male eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus roratus) was presented with a slow-growing mass over the chest and localized self-trauma to the area. repeated sternal trauma secondary to an improper wing trim was observed in this case before development of the lesion. surgical excision of the mass was performed for diagnostic and treatment purposes. on histopathologic examination, the mass was characterized by well-differentiated trabecular bone surrounded by a thin layer of periosteum. th ... | 2011 | 22458184 |
| detection of avian bornavirus 5 rna in eclectus roratus with feather picking disorder. | avian bornavirus (abv) was discovered recently in parrots with proventricular dilatation disease (pdd), a fatal neurological disease. although abv has been shown to be a causative agent of pdd, its virological characteristics are largely unknown. here we report the detection of abv genotype 5 rna in an eclectus roratus with feather picking disorder (fpd). interestingly, although the bird was persistently infected with abv5 for at least 8 months, it had no clinical signs of pdd. although it remai ... | 2012 | 22309239 |
| ecology and evolution of the enigmatic eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus) exhibit a form of reversed sexual dichromatism (plumage coloration) not found in other birds. the females are a striking vermilion and blue, whereas the males are shiny green. here, i summarize the major findings of a 10-year research program conducted on a wild population of eclectus parrots on cape york peninsula, australia, aimed primarily at understanding the ecologic and evolutionary forces behind their unique coloration. unlike most other parrots, eclect ... | 2008 | 18689076 |
| complications associated with conjoined intramedullary pin placement for femorotibial joint luxation in a solomon island eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus solomonensis). | femorotibial joint-luxation repair with conjoined intramedullary pins has been successfully used in pediatric psittacine birds. however, there are no reports of complications associated with its use in adults. in this report, we describe the clinical presentation, surgical reduction, and postoperative complications associated with stifle-luxation repair in an adult female solomon island eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus solomonensis). the normal perching angle for the eclectus stifle was determi ... | 2007 | 18351010 |
| extreme reversed sexual dichromatism in a bird without sex role reversal. | brilliant plumage is typical of male birds, reflecting differential enhancement of male traits when females are the limiting sex. brighter females are thought to evolve exclusively in response to sex role reversal. the striking reversed plumage dichromatism of eclectus roratus parrots does not fit this pattern. we quantify plumage color in this species and show that very different selection pressures are acting on males and females. male plumage reflects a compromise between the conflicting requ ... | 2005 | 16040708 |
| small intestinal foreign body in an adult eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | a 14-month-old female eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) was presented with a 4-week history of bloody diarrhea and depression. no additional information could be gained from physical examination. only selected diagnostic tests (faecal examination, haematocrit, aspartate aminotransferase, and uric acid) could be performed due to financial constraints, but all where within reference range. unspecific antibiotic treatment was started and the bird responded well initially, but had to be readmitted ... | 2005 | 15900902 |
| inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) in a group of eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus). | an epidemic disease was detected in a colony of eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus) at the zoological gardens in barcelona. the epidemiological pattern and the pathological, histopathological and ultrastructural findings indicated that the disease was due to an avian adenovirus infection. | 1992 | 18670928 |
| seasonal and genera-specific variations in semen availability and semen characteristics in large parrots. | in large parrots electro-stimulation is suitable for collecting semen, and therefore, to facilitate semen examination and artificial insemination. previous studies have detected differences in the semen collection success rate and semen parameters between psittacine genera. it remained unclear whether these differences were genera-related, seasonal variations or depend on the males' relationship status. to answer these questions, semen collection and spermatological analysis were performed for f ... | 2017 | 28215690 |
| mycobacteriosis in captive psittacines: a brief review and case series in common companion species (eclectus roratus, amazona oratrix, and pionites melanocephala). | in 2015, three psittacines were presented within 30 days, each with differing clinical signs and patient histories. a 13-yr-old male eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) was presented for weakness, depression, and acute anorexia. on presentation it was determined to have a heart murmur, severely elevated white blood cell count (93.9 103/μl) with a left shift (2.8 103/μl bands), and anemia (30%). severe hepatomegaly was noted on radiographs, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. a cytological s ... | 2017 | 28920813 |
| imaging features of disseminated xanthogranulomatous inflammation in eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus). | xanthogranulomatous disease is a rare condition, which can be caused by infection, inflammation, hemorrhage, immunologic disease, or inherited lysosomal disorders. it is characterized by non-intracellular lipid and cholesterol deposits among an inflammatory infiltrate of vacuolated macrophages and giant cells. the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous disease is challenging, with nonspecific imaging findings often misinterpreted as aggressive neoplastic processes in humans. in this retrospective case ... | 2020 | 32436257 |
| isolation and characterization of avian coronavirus from healthy eclectus parrots (eclectus roratus) from indonesia. | avian coronavirus has a wide range of hosts, from chickens and turkeys to wild birds. this virus causes an economically and, possibly, environmentally, important loss in the poultry industry. therefore, research into the avian coronavirus in various species of birds is required. the eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) is an endemic bird to indonesia and northern australia and often kept as pets. at present, there has been limited information about avian coronavirus infection among birds. this stu ... | 2019 | 32009759 |
| disseminated pancreatic adenocarcinoma in an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | a 15-year-old 0.412-kg (0.906-lb) sexually intact male eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) was evaluated because its owners found it lethargic and dyspneic at the bottom of its cage. | 2020 | 32857003 |
| follicular choristoma in the third eyelid of an eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). | a 1-year-old male eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus) with a 3- to 4-month history of blepharospasm in the right eye was referred to a veterinary medical teaching hospital for further evaluation. conventional medical treatments had been ineffective. the referring avian specialist had plucked a suspected ectopic feather from the right eye 6 weeks prior to the referral evaluation. | 2019 | 31194665 |
| lateral body wall herniation involving the oviduct in two psittacine birds. | lateral body wall herniation with involvement of the oviduct was diagnosed in a female nanday conure (aratinga nenday) and a female eclectus parrot (eclectus roratus). a history of chronic egg laying and chronic reproductive activity was reported in both cases. a subcutaneous mass in the area of the caudal left lateral body wall was present in both birds. diagnostic imaging (ultrasonography, computed tomography) and cytologic examination lead to the diagnosis of left lateral body wall herniation ... | 2018 | 31112647 |