| internal papilloma disease in green-winged macaws (ara chloroptera). | | 1997 | 9325551 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a green-winged macaw (ara chloroptera): report with public health implications. | mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from the eyelid, skin, tongue, and lungs of a green-winged macaw (ara chloroptera). two persons living in the same household were culture positive for pulmonary tuberculosis 3 to 4 years before tuberculosis was diagnosed in the bird. although humans have not been shown to acquire tuberculosis from birds, an infected bird may be a sentinel for human infection. | 1998 | 9542945 |
| possible human-avian transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis in a green-winged macaw (ara chloroptera). | this report describes a case of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a green-winged macaw (ara chloroptera), confirmed by microbiologic and pathologic diagnostics, and notes a possible human-avian transmission. clinical signs included cutaneous swellings, profound leukocytosis, and signs of osteomyelitis in the long bones. proliferation consisted of several nodules with small greenish-caseous foci in cross-section and revealed a severe granulomatous inflammation with intralesional acid-fast r ... | 2006 | 17274308 |
| chlamydophila psittaci genotype e/b transmission from african grey parrots to humans. | thirty-six birds from a parrot relief and breeding centre, as well as the manager, were examined for the presence of chlamydophila psittaci. in the relief unit, 5 of 20 african grey parrots showed depression, ruffled feathers, loss of weight and mild dyspnoea. the birds received no antibiotic treatment. birds of the breeding unit, 14 blue and gold macaws and 2 green-winged macaws, were healthy. they received doxycycline at the start of each breeding season. the manager complained of shortness of ... | 2007 | 17644718 |
| [detection of psittacid herpesvirus 1 in amazon parrots with cloacal papilloma (internal papillomatosis of parrots, ipp) in an aviary of different psittacine species]. | amazon parrots (amazona aestiva aestiva;amazona ochrocephala, n=6) from an aviary with different psittacine species (n=100) were submitted to the clinic for pet animals, reptiles, pet- and wild birds with the clinical picture ofa cloacal prolaps. the cloacal mucosa showed papillomas, and internal papillomatosis of parrots (ipp) was suspected. hepatomegaly was detected in the radiographs of the clinically diseased amazon parrots, indicating the involvement of the liver in the disease process. the ... | 2008 | 19113029 |
| west nile virus infection in a green-winged macaw (ara chloropterus). | a 29-year-old female green-winged macaw (ara chloropterus) was presented for acute pelvic limb lameness. on physical examination the bird was found to be mildly dehydrated with paraparesis and proprioceptive deficits of the pelvic limbs. antemortem diagnostics included a complete blood count and plasma biochemistry panel, fecal gram and ziehl-neelsen acid fast stains, plasma heavy metal concentrations, reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr testing for west nile virus (wnv) rna and pcr testing for chlam ... | 2010 | 20408419 |
| carotenoid pigments and the selectivity of psittacofulvin-based coloration systems in parrots. | carotenoid pigments are commonly used as colorants of feathers and bare parts by birds. however, parrots (aves: psittaciformes) use a novel class of plumage pigments (called psittacofulvins) that, like carotenoids, are lipid-soluble and red, orange, or yellow in color. to begin to understand how and why parrots use these pigments and not carotenoids in their feathers, we must first describe the distribution of these two types of pigments in the diet, tissues, and fluids of these birds. here, we ... | 2004 | 15253871 |
| plant food resources and the diet of a parrot community in a gallery forest of the southern pantanal (brazil). | neotropical parrots usually forage in forest canopies for nectar, flowers, leaves, fruit pulp, and seeds. as they have no all-purpose territories, these birds usually exploit vegetation mosaics in order to use plentiful resources as they become available. in this study we examine the use of a gallery forest in the southern pantanal (brazil) by a diverse parrot community that ranged from brotogeris chiriri (a small species) to ara chloroptera (a large one). plant food resources principally used b ... | 2006 | 17299937 |
| comparative analysis of microsatellite variability in five macaw species (psittaciformes, psittacidae): application for conservation. | cross-amplification was tested and variability in microsatellite primers (designed for neotropical parrots) compared, in five macaw species, viz., three endangered blue macaws (cyanopsitta spixii [extinct in the wild], anodorhynchus leari [endangered] and anodorhynchus hyacinthinus [vulnerable]), and two unthreatened red macaws (ara chloropterus and ara macao). among the primers tested, 84.6% successfully amplified products in c. spixii, 83.3% in a. leari, 76.4% in a. hyacinthinus, 78.6% in a. c ... | 2011 | 21734841 |
| chromosomal diversity and karyotype evolution in south american macaws (psittaciformes, psittacidae). | most species of macaws, which represent the largest species of neotropical psittacidae, characterized by their long tails and exuberant colours, are endangered, mainly because of hunting, illegal trade and habitat destruction. long tailed species seem to represent a monophyletic group within psittacidae, supported by cytogenetic data. hence, these species show karyotypes with predominance of biarmed macrochromosomes, in contrast to short tailed species, with a predominance of acro/telocentric ma ... | 2015 | 26087053 |
| psittacine paranasal sinus--a new definition of compartments. | documentation of the psittacine paranasal sinuses has been limited. to provide more published detail, spiral computed tomography (ct) was used to scan the cephalic and cervical region from cadavers of 10 psittacine birds (ara ararauna, ara chloroptera, ara macao, and anodorhynchus hyacinthinus). skeletal studies, histologic examinations, and evaluation of deep-frozen sections and anatomic preparations confirmed the results of the ct scans. new morphologic details of the paranasal sinus and some ... | 2001 | 12785700 |
| comparative electrocardiography in four species of macaws (genera anodorhynchus and ara). | electrocardiograms (ecgs) were recorded during isoflurane anaesthesia from 52 macaws of four species of the genera anodorhynchus and ara in order to establish electrocardiographic reference values. the birds examined were clinically healthy macaws of the following species: hyacinth macaw (hm; anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, n = 14); green-winged macaw (gwm; ara chloroptera, n = 11); blue-throated macaw (btm; ara glaucogularis, n = 15); and red-fronted macaw (rfm; ara rubrogenys, n = 12). all ecgs we ... | 2000 | 10932524 |
| means-end comprehension in four parrot species: explained by social complexity. | a comparative approach is required to investigate the evolutionary origins of cognitive abilities. in this paper, we compare the performance of four parrot species, spectacled parrotlets (forpus conspicillatus), rainbow lorikeets (trichoglossus haematodus), green-winged macaws (ara chloroptera) and sulphur-crested cockatoos (cacatua galerita triton) in standardized string-pulling and string-choice paradigms. we varied the spatial relationship between the strings, the presence of a reward and the ... | 2013 | 23397182 |
| mandibular squamous cell carcinoma in 2 psittacines. | a unilateral, malformed gnathotheca in a green-winged macaw (ara chloropterus) was managed for 16 mo with periodic beak trims. biopsy of the affected beak did not identify an underlying cause; however, at postmortem examination, a densely cellular neoplasm invaded the mandible from the beak, dissecting and effacing the cortex and trabecular bone and inciting periosteal proliferation. there was no evidence of metastasis. neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for cytokeratin ae1/ae3, consi ... | 2020 | 32081087 |
| fatty acid profiles of crop contents of free-living psittacine nestlings and of commercial hand-feeding formulas. | research on psittacine nutrition is limited, and nestling requirements are poorly understood. this study analysed fatty acid (fa) profiles of crop contents of free-living scarlet macaws (ara macao, n = 18), red-and-green macaws (ara chloropterus, n = 5), cuban parrots (amazona leucocephala bahamensis, n = 27), lilac-crowned amazons (amazona finschi, n = 33) and thick-billed parrots (rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha, n = 32). the same analysis was carried out on 15 commercial parrot hand-feeding formul ... | 2020 | 32974980 |
| new record of ascaridia nymphii (secernentea: ascaridiidae) from macaw parrot, ara chloroptera, in china. | present study was performed to identify the species of ascarids from macaw parrot, ara chloroptera, in china. total 6 ascarids (3 males and 3 females) were collected in the feces of 3 macaws at guangzhou zoo in guangdong province, china. their morphological characteristics with dimensions were observed under a light microscope, and their genetic characters were analyzed with the partial 18s rdna, its rdna and nad4 gene sequences, respectively. results showed that all worms have no interlabia but ... | 2018 | 29355612 |
| proventricular dilatation disease: an emerging exotic disease of parrots in australia. | proventricular dilatation disease is a viral disease seen as a segmental neuropathy in parrots. it has always been believed to be a disease exotic to australia, with the only reported case being a legally imported green wing macaw (ara chloroptera) in 1993. this paper reports a cluster of cases seen in south-east queensland in 2005 to 2006. clinical signs, autopsy findings and histopathological findings are described. no pattern or common source for these cases could be identified. the implicati ... | 2007 | 17359314 |
| neurofibromas in a macaw (ara chloroptera): morphologic and immunocytochemical diagnosis. | | 1983 | 6417879 |
| massive attack of honeybee on macaws (ara ararauna and ara chloropterus) in brazil - a case report. | three adult birds of the species ara chloropterus and five of the species ara ararauna from a conservation breeding facility suffered a massive attack by honeybees. the a. chloropterus birds presented swollen puncture lesions with stingers (mainly in the facial regions without feathers), swelling of the eyelids and subcutaneous tissue, and respiratory distress, and they were treated with intramuscular injections of 1.67 mg/kg of promethazine and 10 mg/kg of hydrocortisone followed by removal of ... | 2017 | 28625889 |
| yeasts and filamentous fungi in psittacidae and birds of prey droppings in midwest region of brazil: a potential hazard to human health. | birds of prey and from psittacidae family are host to fungal microbiota and play an important role in the epidemiology of zoonoses. few studies in the literature have characterized mycelial and yeast fungi in the droppings of these birds and correlated the isolates with the zoonotic potential of the microorganisms. droppings from 149 birds were evaluated and divided into two groups: captive: rhea americana araneipes, primolius maracana, ara ararauna, ara chloropterus, anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, ... | 2019 | 30304251 |
| cross-species amplification and optimization of microsatellite markers for use in six neotropical parrots. | short amplicon primers were redesigned for 17 microsatellite loci developed in st. vincent's amazon and six loci developed in blue-and-yellow macaw and tested using six species of neotropical parrot. polymorphism was observed at 12 loci in blue-and-yellow macaw, 10 in red-and-green macaw, 11 in scarlet macaw, 10 in chestnut-fronted macaw, 11 in red-bellied macaw and 16 in mealy parrot. number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 23 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.95. the res ... | 2008 | 21585906 |
| training large macaws for artificial insemination procedures. | for some endangered parrot species, captive breeding may be the only insurance for their survival. however, many individuals in captivity do not reproduce. artificial insemination (ai) may help overcome reproductive failures or geographic distance. for semen collection in birds, massage is the most commonly used method. however, this process, which usually requires capture and restraint, involves risk of stress and injuries. the aim of this experiment was to train large macaws to accept the phys ... | 2011 | 22044292 |
| new haemoproteus parasite of parrots, with remarks on the virulence of haemoproteids in naive avian hosts. | haemoproteus infections can cause fatal disease in parrots (psittaciformes), one of the most endangered groups of birds. the great diversity of parrots in tropical and subtropical ecosystems has been markedly understudied in terms of their parasite diversity. only two psittacine haemoproteus species have been described. here we report a new haemoproteus parasite, h. (parahaemoproteus) homohandai n. sp. (lineage harchl01) found in erythrocytes of a red-and-green macaw ara chloropterus. we morphol ... | 2017 | 28784421 |
| treatment of acute lead ingestion in a juvenile macaw. | a juvenile domestic green-winged macaw was admitted to the veterinary clinic within an hour of ingestion of lead drapery weights. radiopaque objects were evident in the crop and ventriculus. the bird was anesthetized, and the crop was lavaged to remove lead fragments. because lead fragments remained in the ventriculus after lavage, chelation treatment was instituted. serial radiography was done on days 2, 5, 9, and 14 to determine passage of the lead. by day 14, lead fragments were not visible r ... | 1994 | 7829380 |
| long-term treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in a green-winged macaw (ara chloroptera). | a 32-year-old green-winged macaw (ara chloroptera) was diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukemia based on progressive lymphocytosis and the presence of a monomorphic population of well-differentiated lymphocytes in the bone marrow of a clinically normal bird. chemotherapy was initiated because of rapidly increasing peripheral lymphocyte counts. in addition to oral prednisone (1 mg/kg once daily), oral chlorambucil (1 mg/kg twice weekly) was initiated but was discontinued after 6 weeks because ... | 2010 | 21302764 |
| forensic species identification of large macaws using dna barcodes and microsatellite profiles. | using mitochondrial and nuclear markers species identification was conducted in the case of seized feathers. earlier, we had sequenced cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) both from 10 seized specimens and 43 validation specimens from captive macaws belonging to 4 ara species (a. macao, a. chloropterus, a. ararauna, and a. ambiguus) and identified 19 haplotypes based on coi sequences. species-level identification using barcode of life data systems showed that seized feathers shared the highest s ... | 2012 | 21625864 |
| seed dispersal and predation of buchenavia tomentosa eichler (combretaceae) in a cerrado sensu stricto, midwest brazil. | the ecology of seed dispersal is critical to understand the patterns of distribution and abundance of plant species. we investigated seed dispersal aspects associated with the high abundance of buchenavia tomentosa in the serra azul state park (pesa). we estimated fruit production and conducted fruit removal experiments. we carried out diurnal and nocturnal observations on frugivory as well as germination tests. fruiting occurred in the dry season and totaled 1,365,015 ± 762,670 fruits.ha-1. b. ... | 2015 | 26602355 |
| cytotaxonomic considerations on neotropical psittacidae birds and description of three new karyotypes. | chromosomes obtained from feather tissues of 14 species of brazilian psittacidae were analyzed by giemsa conventional staining and the karyotypes of ara chloroptera, propyrrhura maracana and nandayus nenday are presented for the first time. the remaining species showed no chromosome differences when compared with previous literature data. two basic karyotype patterns were observed. a karyotype pattern is mostly characterized by biarmed macrochromosomes, while in the other one most macrochromosom ... | 2001 | 11833285 |