| the putative capsid protein of the newly identified avian hepatitis e virus shares antigenic epitopes with that of swine and human hepatitis e viruses and chicken big liver and spleen disease virus. | we recently identified a novel virus, designated avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev), from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome in the usa. we showed that avian hev is genetically related to swine and human hevs. here we report the antigenic cross-reactivity of the putative open reading frame 2 (orf2) capsid protein of avian hev with those of swine and human hevs and the australian chicken big liver and spleen disease virus (blsv). the region encoding the c-terminal 268 amino acid ... | 2002 | 12185274 |
| heterogeneity and seroprevalence of a newly identified avian hepatitis e virus from chickens in the united states. | we recently identified and characterized a novel virus, designated avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev), from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (hs syndrome) in the united states. avian hev is genetically related to but distinct from human and swine hevs. to determine the extent of genetic variation and the seroprevalence of avian hev infection in chicken flocks, we genetically identified and characterized 11 additional avian hev isolates from chickens with hs syndrome and assessed th ... | 2002 | 12409397 |
| genetic identification of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) from healthy chicken flocks and characterization of the capsid gene of 14 avian hev isolates from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in different geographical regions of the united states. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev), a novel virus identified from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome, is genetically and antigenically related to human hev. recently, it was found that avian hev antibody is also prevalent in healthy chickens. a prospective study was done on a known seropositive but healthy chicken farm to identify avian hev isolates from healthy chickens. fourteen chickens were randomly selected, tagged and monitored under natural conditions for 19 weeks. all 14 chick ... | 2004 | 14993655 |
| determination and analysis of the complete genomic sequence of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) and attempts to infect rhesus monkeys with avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev), recently identified from a chicken with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states, is genetically and antigenically related to human and swine hevs. in this study, sequencing of the genome was completed and an attempt was made to infect rhesus monkeys with avian hev. the full-length genome of avian hev, excluding the poly(a) tail, is 6654 bp in length, which is about 600 bp shorter than that of human and swine hevs. similar to human and swine hev g ... | 2004 | 15166445 |
| generation and infectivity titration of an infectious stock of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) in chickens and cross-species infection of turkeys with avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev), a novel virus identified from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states, is genetically and antigenically related to human hev. in order to further characterize avian hev, an infectious viral stock with a known infectious titer must be generated, as hev cannot be propagated in vitro. bile and feces collected from specific-pathogen-free (spf) chickens experimentally infected with avian hev were used to prepare an avian hev infectious stock a ... | 2004 | 15184448 |
| systematic pathogenesis and replication of avian hepatitis e virus in specific-pathogen-free adult chickens. | hepatitis e virus (hev) is an important human pathogen. due to the lack of a cell culture system and a practical animal model for hev, little is known about its pathogenesis and replication. the discovery of a strain of hev in chickens, designated avian hev, prompted us to evaluate chickens as a model for the study of hev. eighty-five 60-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were randomly divided into three groups. group 1 chickens (n=28) were each inoculated with 5 x 10(4.5) 50% chicken infe ... | 2005 | 15731237 |
| identification of b-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) that are common to human and swine hevs or unique to avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) was recently discovered in chickens from the usa that had hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome. the complete genomic sequence of avian hev shares about 50 % nucleotide sequence identity with those of human and swine hevs. the open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein of avian hev has been shown to cross-react with human and swine hev orf2 proteins, but the b-cell epitopes in the avian hev orf2 protein have not been identified. nine synthetic peptides from the predic ... | 2006 | 16361434 |
| avian hepatitis e virus in an outbreak of hepatitis--splenomegaly syndrome and fatty liver haemorrhage syndrome in two flaxseed-fed layer flocks in ontario. | two commercial layer chicken flocks that were fed a flax-based diet beginning at 28 weeks of age for the production of omega-3 fatty-acid-enriched eggs experienced increased mortality when the birds reached 37 weeks. the average weekly mortality was 0.34% over a 20-week period, with peak mortality of 0.9% for 1 week. reduced feed consumption, reduced body weight gain and poor peak production were noticed prior to the onset of increased mortality. a total of 245 birds were necropsied and 78% of t ... | 2006 | 16990151 |
| protection of chickens against avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) infection by immunization with recombinant avian hev capsid protein. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) is an emerging virus associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens in north america. avian hev is genetically and antigenically related to human hev, the causative agent of hepatitis e in humans. in the lack of a practical animal model, avian hev infection in chickens has been used as a model to study human hev replication and pathogenesis. a 32 kda recombinant orf2 capsid protein of avian hev expressed in escherichia coli was found having simila ... | 2007 | 17074425 |
| egg whites from eggs of chickens infected experimentally with avian hepatitis e virus contain infectious virus, but evidence of complete vertical transmission is lacking. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is genetically and antigenically related to human hev. vertical transmission of hev has been reported in humans, but not in other animals. in this study, we showed that avian hev could be detected in chicken egg-white samples. subsequently, avian hev in egg white was found to be infectious, as evidenced by the appearance of viraemia, faecal virus shedding and seroconversion in chickens inoculated with avian hev-positive egg white, but not in chickens inoculated with ... | 2007 | 17412983 |
| analysis of the complete genomic sequence of an apparently avirulent strain of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) identified major genetic differences compared with the prototype pathogenic strain of avian hev. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) was identified from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome. in this study, the complete genomic sequence of an apparently avirulent strain of avian hev was determined to be 6649 nt in length, excluding the poly(a) tail, which is 5 nt shorter than the prototype avian hev. sequence analyses revealed that the orf1 has 89.6% nucleotide sequence identity, with numerous non-silent mutations and deletions, compared to the prototype strain. the orf2 capsid gene showe ... | 2007 | 17412984 |
| identification of two neutralization epitopes on the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) is genetically and antigenically related to human hev, the causative agent of hepatitis e. to identify the neutralizing epitopes on the capsid (orf2) protein of avian hev, four mabs (7b2, 1e11, 10a2 and 5g10) against recombinant avian hev orf2 protein were generated. mabs 7b2, 1e11 and 10a2 blocked each other for binding to avian hev orf2 protein in a competitive elisa, whereas 5g10 did not block the other mabs, suggesting that 7b2, 1e11 and 10a2 recognize the ... | 2008 | 18198381 |
| immunodominant epitopes mapped by synthetic peptides on the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus are non-protective. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) was recently discovered in chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in the united states. the open reading frame 2 (orf2) protein of avian hev has been shown to cross-react with human and swine hev orf2 proteins, and immunodominant antigenic epitopes on avian hev orf2 protein were identified in the predicted antigenic domains by synthetic peptides. however, whether these epitopes are protective against avian hev infection has not been investigated. in thi ... | 2008 | 18355123 |
| avian hepatitis e virus infection and possible associated clinical disease in broiler breeder flocks in hungary. | in broiler breeder flocks in one broiler integration in hungary, a new syndrome appeared in january 2005 with initially four successive post-peak flocks experiencing significant decreases in egg production. clinically birds became depressed and there was a small increase in the mortality rate. postmortem examinations revealed enlarged livers in up to 19% of birds dying, and enlarged spleens in some. also observed were birds with either clotted blood or serosanguineous fluid in the abdomen and su ... | 2008 | 18798029 |
| evidence of widespread infection of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) in chickens from spain. | in the present work, 262 serum samples and 29 faeces pools from chickens coming from 29 healthy flocks were analysed by rt-pcr for detection of avian hev and by elisa using an ahev derived antigen for detection of anti-hev igg. additionally, other 300 randomly selected serum samples were also analysed by rt-pcr. seven serum samples were positive to rna detection. sequence analysis of both the helicase and the capsid genes revealed that the spanish isolates were clustered together and close relat ... | 2009 | 19136224 |
| sequence analysis and comparison of avian hepatitis e viruses from australia and europe indicate the existence of different genotypes. | avian hepevirus infections were detected in chickens suffering from big liver and spleen disease or hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in australia, the usa and europe. available data indicate their genetic relationship to mammalian hepatitis e virus (hev). in the present study, the near-complete genomic sequences of an australian and a european isolate of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) are reported for the first time. furthermore, the phylogenetic relationship to other avian hevs is determine ... | 2009 | 19264623 |
| comparative pathogenesis in specific-pathogen-free chickens of two strains of avian hepatitis e virus recovered from a chicken with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome and from a clinically healthy chicken. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) is the primary causative agent of hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome in chickens. recently, a genetically unique strain of avian hev, designated avian hev-va, was recovered from healthy chickens in virginia. the objective of this study was to experimentally compare the pathogenicity of the prototype strain recovered from a chicken with hs syndrome and the avian hev-va strain in specific-pathogen-free chickens. an infectious stock of the avian hev-va strain w ... | 2009 | 19570623 |
| phylogenetic analysis of avian hepatitis e virus samples from european and australian chicken flocks supports the existence of a different genus within the hepeviridae comprising at least three different genotypes. | using pcrs that amplify regions of helicase and capsid genes, the presence of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) was determined in samples from european and australian chicken flocks (collected from 2005 to 2007 and 1986 to 1995, respectively). a total of 27 virus samples from 9 countries were analysed to determine the phylogenetic relationship following pcrs and nucleic acid sequencing of the helicase and capsid regions of 18 avian hev samples. for comparison, helicase and capsid sequences of ... | 2010 | 20399575 |
| construction of an infectious cdna clone of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) recovered from a clinically healthy chicken in the united states and characterization of its pathogenicity in specific-pathogen-free chickens. | a genetically distinct strain of avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev-va strain) was isolated from a healthy chicken in virginia, and thus it is important to characterize and compare its pathogenicity with the prototype strain (avian hev-prototype) isolated from a diseased chicken. here we first constructed an infectious clone of the avian hev-va strain. capped rna transcripts from the avian hev-va clone were replication-competent after transfection of lmh chicken liver cells. chickens inoculated ... | 2011 | 20708350 |
| analysis of avian hepatitis e virus from chickens, china. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) has been identified in chickens; however, only 4 complete or near-complete genomic sequences have been reported. we found that the near-complete genomic sequence of avian hev in chickens from china shared the highest identity (98.3%) with avian hev from europe and belonged to avian hev genotype 3. | 2010 | 20735936 |
| analysis of epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus by using monoclonal antibodies. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is related genetically and antigenically to human and swine hevs and capsid protein of avian hev shares approximately 48-49% amino acid sequence identities with those of human and swine hevs. six monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced and used to locate different epitopes in the orf2 region of aa 339-570 of avian hev chinese isolate. the results showed that five epitopes were located in the aa 339-414 region and one in the aa 510-515 region. two epitopes located ... | 2010 | 21146559 |
| taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr assay for universal detection and quantification of avian hepatitis e virus from clinical samples in the presence of a heterologous internal control rna. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) isolates could be separated into at least three genotypes. in this study, the development of the first duplex taqman real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay for detection and quantification of avian hev is presented. primers and probes binding within relatively conserved open reading frame 3 (orf3) were designed. tenfold dilution series of in vitro-transcribed avian hev rna were used as the standard for quantification. a 712-bp region of the green fluores ... | 2011 | 21307216 |
| ammonia disinfection of hatchery waste for elimination of single-stranded rna viruses. | hatchery waste, an animal by-product of the poultry industry, needs sanitation treatment before further use as fertiliser or as substrate in biogas or composting plants, owing to the potential presence of opportunistic pathogens, including zoonotic viruses. effective sanitation is also important in viral epizootic outbreaks and as a routine, ensuring high hygiene standards on farms. this study examined the use of ammonia at different concentrations and temperatures to disinfect hatchery waste. i ... | 2011 | 21515734 |
| hepatitis virus infections in poultry. | viral hepatitis in poultry is a complex disease syndrome caused by several viruses belonging to different families including avian hepatitis e virus (hev), duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv), duck hepatitis a virus (dhav-1, -2, -3), duck hepatitis virus types 2 and 3, fowl adenoviruses (fadv), and turkey hepatitis virus (thv). while these hepatitis viruses share the same target organ, the liver, they each possess unique clinical and biological features. in this article, we aim to review the common an ... | 2016 | 27610716 |
| natural infection with avian hepatitis e virus and marek's disease virus in brown layer chickens in china. | in the present study, avian hepatitis e virus (hev) and serotype-1 strains of marek's disease virus (mdv-1) were detected from a flock of 27-wk-old brown layer hens in china, accompanied by an average daily mortality of 0.44%. postmortem examination of 25 sick hens and five apparently healthy hens selected randomly from the flock showed significant pathologic changes consistent with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (hss), including hepatomegaly, peritoneal fluid, and hepatic subcapsular hemorrhag ... | 2016 | 27610734 |
| a novel avian-like hepatitis e virus in wild aquatic bird, little egret (egretta garzetta), in hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev), family hepeviridae, has public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the host species spectrum, animal to animal transmissions, the natural chain of hepevirus infections and the genetic diversity of hev in wildlife especially in birds are less known. using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a genetically divergent avian hev was serendipitously identified in wild bird in hungary. hev rna was detected with high faecal viral ... | 2016 | 27989815 |
| evidence of genotypes 1 and 3 of avian hepatitis e virus in wild birds. | although the presence of four genotypes of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) in chickens has been demonstrated, its natural host range is still barely known. in this study, swab samples from 626 wild birds originating from 62 bird species were investigated for hev detection by molecular methods. the aim was to explore the cross-species infection of avian hev and to compare the genetic diversity between strains infecting chicken and wild birds. in total, 8 positive samples from 4 different bird speci ... | 2017 | 27890632 |
| a novel avian-like hepatitis e virus in wild aquatic bird, little egret (egretta garzetta), in hungary. | hepatitis e virus (hev), family hepeviridae, has public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the host species spectrum, animal to animal transmissions, the natural chain of hepevirus infections and the genetic diversity of hev in wildlife especially in birds are less known. using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a genetically divergent avian hev was serendipitously identified in wild bird in hungary. hev rna was detected with high faecal viral ... | 2016 | 27876615 |
| seroprevalence of avian hepatitis e virus and avian leucosis virus subgroup j in chicken flocks with hepatitis syndrome, china. | from 2014 to 2015 in china, many broiler breeder and layer hen flocks exhibited a decrease in egg production and some chickens developed hepatitis syndrome including hepatomegaly, hepatic necrosis and hemorrhage. avian hepatitis e virus (hev) and avian leucosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) both cause decreasing in egg production, hepatomegaly and hepatic hemorrhage in broiler breeder and layer hens. in the study, the seroprevalence of avian hev and alv-j in these flocks emerging the disease from sha ... | 2016 | 27876045 |
| identification and characterization of avian hepatitis e virus genotype 2 from chickens with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in korea. | a new avian hepatitis e virus (hev) gi-b was identified in broiler breeders with hematomas, liver rupture, and splenomegaly, along with excessive abdominal fat, in korea. previously, genotype 1 had been identified in avian hev strains in korea. complete sequence analyses revealed that the new avian hev clustered in genotype 2, which has been identified in the usa and spain; the gi-b isolate was closely related to the usa prototype avian hev isolated from a chicken with hepatitis-splenomegaly syn ... | 2016 | 27164843 |
| c-terminal amino acids 471-507 of avian hepatitis e virus capsid protein are crucial for binding to avian and human cells. | the infection of chickens with avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) can be asymptomatic or induces clinical signs characterized by increased mortality and decreased egg production in adult birds. due to the lack of an efficient cell culture system for avian hev, the interaction between virus and host cells is still barely understood. in this study, four truncated avian hev capsid proteins (orf2-1 - orf2-4) with an identical 338aa deletion at the n-terminus and gradual deletions from 0, 42, 99 and ... | 2016 | 27073893 |
| subclinical avian hepatitis e virus infection in layer flocks in the united states. | the objective of this study was to determine patterns of avian hev infection in naturally infected chicken farms. a total of 310 serum samples and 62 pooled fecal samples were collected from 62 chicken flocks on seven commercial in-line egg farms in the midwestern united states and tested for avian hev circulation. serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-avian hev igy antibodies by a fluorescent microbead immunoassay (fmia) which was developed for this study. the fmia was validated us ... | 2015 | 26564555 |
| avian hepatitis e virus infection in organic layers. | between 2012 and 2014, 141 chickens from 10 organic layer flocks with a history of severe drop in egg production (up to 40%) and slight increased mortality (up to 1% per week) were submitted to the avian health and food safety laboratory (puyallup, wa). at necropsy, the most common finding was pinpoint white foci on the liver and regressed ova without any other remarkable lesions. histologically, there was multifocal mild-to-severe acute necrotizing hepatitis present. no significant bacteria wer ... | 2015 | 26478157 |
| antigenic properties of avian hepatitis e virus capsid protein. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main causative agent of big liver and spleen disease and hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens, and is genetically and antigenically related to mammalian hevs. hev capsid protein contains immunodominant epitopes and induces a protective humoral immune response. a better understanding of the antigenic composition of this protein is critically important for the development of effective vaccine and sensitive and specific serological assays. to date, six li ... | 2015 | 26340899 |
| development and evaluation of a sybr green real-time rt-pcr assay for detection of avian hepatitis e virus. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is the main causative agent of big liver and spleen disease, as well as hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens. to date, conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nested rt-pcr methods have been used for the diagnosis of avian hev infection in chickens. however, these assays are time consuming, inconvenient, and cannot detect the virus quantitatively. in this study, a rapid and sensitive sybr green real-time rt-pcr assay was deve ... | 2015 | 26260476 |
| characterization of two novel linear b-cell epitopes in the capsid protein of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) that are common to avian, swine, and human hevs. | antisera raised against the avian hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein are cross-reactive with human and swine hev capsid proteins. in this study, two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the avian hev capsid protein, namely, 3e8 and 1b5, were shown to cross-react with the swine hev capsid protein. the motifs involved in binding both mabs were identified and characterized using phage display biopanning, peptide synthesis, and truncated or mutated protein expression, along with indirect enzyme- ... | 2015 | 25741007 |
| construction of an infectious cdna clone of genotype 1 avian hepatitis e virus: characterization of its pathogenicity in broiler breeders and demonstration of its utility in studying the role of the hypervariable region in virus replication. | a full-length infectious cdna clone of the genotype 1 korean avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) (pt11-ahev-k) was constructed and its infectivity and pathogenicity were investigated in leghorn male hepatoma (lmh) chicken cells and broiler breeders. we demonstrated that capped rna transcripts from the pt11-ahev-k clone were translation competent when transfected into lmh cells and infectious when injected intrahepatically into the livers of chickens. gross and microscopic pathological lesions un ... | 2015 | 25593160 |
| identification of an antigenic domain in the n-terminal region of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein that is not common to swine and human hevs. | the antigenic domains located in the c-terminal 268 amino acid residues of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) capsid protein have been characterized. this region shares common epitopes with swine and human hevs. however, epitopes in the n-terminal 338 amino acid residues have never been reported. in this study, an antigenic domain located between amino acids 23 and 85 was identified by indirect elisa using the truncated recombinant capsid proteins as coating antigens and anti-avian hev chicken sera a ... | 2014 | 25209807 |
| identification and characterization of avian hepatitis e virus in 2013 outbreaks of hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in two us layer operations. | two commercial midwestern egg-type chicken flocks experienced significant increases in mortality rates in april 2013 with clinical signs appearing in 17-week-old pullets on farm a and in 46-week-old hens on farm b. average weekly mortality was 0.44% over a 4-week period on farm a and 0.17% over an 8-week period on farm b. on farm a, flocks in the affected house had a 45% decrease in daily egg production from weeks 19 to 27 when compared with standard egg production curves (p < 0.01) while no dec ... | 2014 | 25010035 |
| consensus proposals for classification of the family hepeviridae. | the family hepeviridae consists of positive-stranded rna viruses that infect a wide range of mammalian species, as well as chickens and trout. a subset of these viruses infects humans and can cause a self-limiting acute hepatitis that may become chronic in immunosuppressed individuals. current published descriptions of the taxonomical divisions within the family hepeviridae are contradictory in relation to the assignment of species and genotypes. through analysis of existing sequence information ... | 2014 | 24989172 |
| subclinical circulation of avian hepatitis e virus within a multiple-age rearing and broiler breeder farm indicates persistence and vertical transmission of the virus. | in a prospective longitudinal study, a broiler breeder flock and its progeny were monitored for the presence of avian hepatitis e virus (hev) rna and antibodies. the flock was part of a multiple-age farm where the presence of avian hev with clinical signs (increased mortality and decreased egg production) was demonstrated in several previous production cycles. samples were taken twice at the rearing site and several times at the production site from broiler breeders including cockerels and day-o ... | 2014 | 24828493 |
| development of a blocking elisa for detection of antibodies against avian hepatitis e virus. | a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (belisa) was developed for the detection of immunoglobulin g antibodies against avian hepatitis e virus (hev). in the belisa, the coating antigen was a truncated protein containing c-terminal 268-amino acid region of orf2 from an avian hev strain isolated in china (cahev) and blocking antibody was a monoclonal antibody (mab) 1h5 recognizing the epitope within amino acids 384-414 in the c-terminal 268-amino acid region. the concentration of blocking ma ... | 2014 | 24735599 |
| avian hepatitis e virus in chickens, taiwan, 2013. | a previously unidentified strain of avian hepatitis e virus (ahev) is now endemic among chickens in taiwan. analysis showed that the virus is 81.5%-86.5% similar to other ahevs. in taiwan, ahev infection has been reported in chickens without ahev exposure, suggesting transmission from asymptomatic cases or repeated introduction through an unknown common source(s). | 2014 | 24378180 |
| characterization of antigenic domains and epitopes in the orf3 protein of a chinese isolate of avian hepatitis e virus. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is an emerging virus associated with the big liver and spleen disease or hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome in chickens and subclinical infections by the virus are also common. the complete genome of avian hev contains three open-reading frames (orfs) in which orf2 protein is part of virus particles and thus contains primary epitopes. antigenic epitopes of avian hev orf2 protein have been described but those associated with the orf3 have not. to analyze the antigenic d ... | 2013 | 24021883 |
| development and application of an indirect elisa for detection of antibodies against avian hepatitis e virus. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) that could detect immunoglobulin g antibodies against avian hepatitis e virus (hev) was developed. this assay employs a truncated c-terminal 268-amino acid recombinant orf2 protein from an avian hev genotype 3 strain isolated in china (cahev) as the coating antigen. the antigen concentration and serum dilution were optimized using a checkerboard titration. a cut-off value of 0.368 at od(450nm) was determined by testing 120 positive and 200 n ... | 2013 | 23000753 |
| avian hepatitis e virus identified in russian chicken flocks exhibits high genetic divergence based on the orf2 capsid gene. | a total of 79 liver samples from clinically sick and asymptomatic chickens were tested for avian hepatitis e virus (ahev). samples were received from 19 farms, five of which tested positive with primers targeting the orf2 capsid gene. the phylogenetic analysis of a 242-base-pair fragment demonstrated that the russian ahev isolates share between 78.2 and 96.2% over the fragment sequenced, whereas the nucleotide sequence identities between the russian isolates and the other representatives from ge ... | 2012 | 22967203 |
| putative novel genotype of avian hepatitis e virus, hungary, 2010. | to explore the genetic diversity of avian hepatitis e virus strains, we characterized the near-complete genome of a strain detected in 2010 in hungary, uncovering moderate genome sequence similarity with reference strains. public health implications related to consumption of eggs or meat contaminated by avian hepatitis e virus, or to poultry handling, require thorough investigation. | 2012 | 22840214 |
| [detection and description of avian hepatitis e virus isolated in china--a review]. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev), a member of hepeviridae family, is genetically and antigenically related with human and swine hev in the family. since its discovery, avian hev infection has been investigated in many countries from serology and molecular epidemiology studies. at present, five complete or near complete genomes of avian hev isolates were reported in genbank and were divided into three genotypes. the complete genome of avian hev contains 3 orfs of which orf2 gene encodes capsid prote ... | 2012 | 22712397 |
| serological prevalence, genetic identification, and characterization of the first strains of avian hepatitis e virus from chickens in korea. | avian hepatitis e virus (avian hev) is associated with hepatitis-splenomegaly (hs) syndrome or big liver and spleen disease in chickens. at least three genotypes of avian hev have been identified from chickens worldwide. a total of 297 serum samples collected from chickens in 35 flocks in korea were tested for avian hev antibody with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the results showed that approximately 57 % of chicken flocks and 28 % of chickens from korea were positive for antibodies to a ... | 2012 | 22639103 |
| decreased egg production in laying hens associated with infection with genotype 3 avian hepatitis e virus strain from china. | to determine the relationship between decreased egg production and avian hev infection, thirty healthy 23-week-old hy-line variety brown layer hens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 hens per group. next, a genotype 3 avian hev strain from china was used to inoculate laying hens via oronasal or intravenous routes using a 50% chicken infectious dose of 500. all hens were necropsied at 14 weeks postinoculation (wpi). fecal virus shedding, viremia, seroconversion, serum alanine aminotransf ... | 2017 | 28619140 |
| evaluation of recombinant chinese avian hepatitis e virus (cahev) orf2 and orf3 proteins for protection of chickens against cahev infection. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) is the etiologic agent of big liver and spleen disease in chickens. in 2010, the chinese avian hev (cahev) strain was isolated from chickens and demonstrated to cause the decreased egg production in layer hens. no avian hev commercial vaccine has yet been developed to prevent virus infection in china. in this study, recombinant cahev truncated orf2 and complete orf3 proteins were evaluated separately for immunoprotection of chickens against cahev infection. first, t ... | 2017 | 28528763 |
| ictv virus taxonomy profile: hepeviridae. | the family hepeviridae includes enterically transmitted small non-enveloped positive-sense rna viruses. it includes the genera piscihepevirus, whose members infect fish, and orthohepevirus, whose members infect mammals and birds. members of the genus orthohepevirus include hepatitis e virus, which is responsible for self-limiting acute hepatitis in humans and several mammalian species; the infection may become chronic in immunocompromised individuals. extrahepatic manifestations of guillain-barr ... | 2017 | 29022866 |
| effect of housing arrangement on fecal-oral transmission of avian hepatitis e virus in chicken flocks. | avian hepatitis e virus (hev) infection is common in chicken flocks in china, as currently no measures exist to prevent the spread of the disease. in this study, we analyzed the effect of caged versus cage-free housing arrangements on avian hev transmission. first, 127 serum and 110 clinical fecal samples were collected from 4 chicken flocks including the two arrangements in shaanxi province, china and tested for hev antibodies and/or virus. concurrently, 36 specific-pathogen-free chickens were ... | 2017 | 28882185 |