| a mammalian lost world in southwest europe during the late pliocene. | over the last decades, there has been an increasing interest on the chronology, distribution and mammal taxonomy (including hominins) related with the faunal turnovers that took place around the pliocene-pleistocene transition [ca. 1.8 mega-annum (ma)] in europe. however, these turnovers are not fully understood due to: the precarious nature of the period's fossil record; the "non-coexistence" in this record of many of the species involved; and the enormous geographical area encompassed. this pa ... | 2009 | 19774089 |
| the brown hyaena (hyaena brunnea), a new host for nymphal armillifer armillatus (pentastomida: porocephalidae). | | 1974 | 4814798 |
| piroplasms in brown hyaenas (parahyaena brunnea) and spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocuta) in namibia and south africa are closely related to babesia lengau. | the objective of our study was identification and molecular characterization of piroplasms and rickettsias occurring in brown (parahyaena brunnea) and spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocuta) from various localities in namibia and south africa. whole blood (n = 59) and skin (n = 3) specimens from brown (n = 15) and spotted hyaenas (n = 47) were screened for the presence of babesia, theileria, ehrlichia and anaplasma species using the reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization technique. pcr products of 52/6 ... | 2017 | 27913878 |
| determinants of persistence and tolerance of carnivores on namibian ranches: implications for conservation on southern african private lands. | changing land use patterns in southern africa have potential to dramatically alter the prospects for carnivore conservation. understanding these influences is essential for conservation planning. we interviewed 250 ranchers in namibia to assess human tolerance towards and the distribution of large carnivores. cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus), leopards (panthera pardus) and brown hyaenas (hyaena brunnea) were widely distributed on namibian farmlands, spotted hyaenas (crocuta crocuta) had a narrower di ... | 2013 | 23326333 |
| Carnivoran remains from the Malapa hominin site, South Africa. | Recent discoveries at the new hominin-bearing deposits of Malapa, South Africa, have yielded a rich faunal assemblage associated with the newly described hominin taxon Australopithecus sediba. Dating of this deposit using U-Pb and palaeomagnetic methods has provided an age of 1.977 Ma, being one of the most accurately dated, time constrained deposits in the Plio-Pleistocene of southern Africa. To date, 81 carnivoran specimens have been identified at this site including members of the families Ca ... | 2011 | 22073222 |
| non-invasive monitoring of glucocorticoid metabolites in brown hyaena (hyaena brunnea) feces. | the brown hyaena (hyaena brunnea) is the least known of the large predators of southern africa. the current iucn status of the brown hyaena is "near threatened", and there are conservation concerns related to a general lack of biological knowledge of the species. for instance, a better knowledge of the responses to environmental and social stressors would improve our abilities to sustainably manage brown hyaena populations in both captive and free-ranging environments. we conducted adrenocortico ... | 2010 | 21538501 |
| the palaeoecology of the micromammals from the late middle pleistocene site of hoedjiespunt 1 (cape province, south africa). | the palaeontological site of hoedjiespunt 1 (hdp1) represents a fossilized hyaena lair. a rich mammalian fauna, including four hominid teeth, has been recovered from the site. micromammals were recovered from the same sediments as the larger fauna. taphonomic analysis suggests that the micromammal assemblages from hdp1 were accumulated by a barn owl. the barn owl produces micromammal assemblages that provide a broad sample of micromammals, within a certain size range, living in the hunting area ... | 2005 | 16045969 |
| landscape suitability in botswana for the conservation of its six large african carnivores. | wide-ranging large carnivores often range beyond the boundaries of protected areas into human-dominated areas. mapping out potentially suitable habitats on a country-wide scale and identifying areas with potentially high levels of threats to large carnivore survival is necessary to develop national conservation action plans. we used a novel approach to map and identify these areas in botswana for its large carnivore guild consisting of lion (panthera leo), leopard (panthera pardus), spotted hyae ... | 2014 | 24949735 |
| sex determining region y (sry) sequencing and non-invasive molecular sexing in three wild species: brown (parahyaena brunnea) and spotted (crocuta crocuta) hyenas and aardvark (orycteropus afer). | non-invasive molecular sexing methods are useful in captive breeding programs and field studies; these methods enable sex identification without immobilisation or stressful handling of animals. we developed a method enabling fast and reliable sex identification in three species with limited external sexual dimorphism: the brown and spotted hyenas and the aardvark. we used the sex determining region y (sry) gene as the male-specific sequence and the c-myc gene, highly conserved among mammals, as ... | 2019 | 30971330 |
| first records of hyalomma rufipes and ixodes neitzi (acari: ixodidae) found on large carnivores in south africa. | ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) are important disease vectors for large carnivores, but the composition of the tick communities that parasitize carnivores is poorly understood. we collected ticks from leopards (panthera pardus) and brown hyenas (hyaena brunnea) in the soutpansberg mountains, south africa, to determine which species feed on these carnivores. we identified a total of eight tick species belonging to six genera, and recorded ixodes neitzi and hyalomma rufipes on p. pardus for the fir ... | 2019 | 30253935 |
| extended and continuous decline in effective population size results in low genomic diversity in the world's rarest hyena species, the brown hyena. | hyenas (family hyaenidae), as the sister group to cats (family felidae), represent a deeply diverging branch within the cat-like carnivores (feliformia). with an estimated population size of <10,000 individuals worldwide, the brown hyena (parahyaena brunnea) represents the rarest of the four extant hyena species and has been listed as near threatened by the iucn. here, we report a high-coverage genome from a captive bred brown hyena and both mitochondrial and low-coverage nuclear genomes of 14 w ... | 2018 | 29528428 |
| evolution of a major drug metabolizing enzyme defect in the domestic cat and other felidae: phylogenetic timing and the role of hypercarnivory. | the domestic cat (felis catus) shows remarkable sensitivity to the adverse effects of phenolic drugs, including acetaminophen and aspirin, as well as structurally-related toxicants found in the diet and environment. this idiosyncrasy results from pseudogenization of the gene encoding udp-glucuronosyltransferase (ugt) 1a6, the major species-conserved phenol detoxification enzyme. here, we established the phylogenetic timing of disruptive ugt1a6 mutations and explored the hypothesis that gene inac ... | 2011 | 21464924 |
| brain size and social complexity: a computed tomography study in hyaenidae. | the social brain hypothesis posits that the demands of living in complex social groups require increased neural processing, and that this underlies the expansion of brain areas involved in mediation of complex social behavior. however, much of the support for the social brain hypothesis is derived from comparative studies in primates. if large brains evolved as a result of selection pressures imposed by life within complex societies, as the social brain hypothesis predicts, then gregarious nonpr ... | 2011 | 21335942 |
| molecular systematics of the hyaenidae: relationships of a relictual lineage resolved by a molecular supermatrix. | the four extant species of hyenas (hyaenidae; carnivora) form a morphologically and ecologically heterogeneous group of feliform carnivorans that are remnants of a formerly diverse group of mammalian predators. they include the aardwolf (proteles cristatus), a termite-feeding specialist, and three species with a craniodental morphology adapted to cracking the bones of prey and/or carcasses, the spotted hyena (crocuta crocuta), brown hyena (parahyaena brunnea), and striped hyena (hyaena hyaena). ... | 2006 | 16503281 |
| serum biochemistry values and select serologic screening of brown hyenas ( parahyaena brunnea) from the namib desert, namibia. | blood from 30 free-ranging brown hyenas ( parahyaena brunnea) was collected for biochemical analysis and select serologic screening in namibia from 1997 to 2010. age was found to have an influence on several biochemical parameters that may be related to growth, a developing immune system, and differences in diet. seasonal differences in diet of coastal brown hyenas also had an overall significant effect on lipemia values, and differences in stress due to varying capture methods could be associat ... | 2018 | 30592906 |
| characterizing ecomorphological patterns in hyenids: a multivariate approach using postcanine dentition. | we analyze the multivariate pattern of lower and upper cheek dentition for the family hyaenidae along its evolutionary history. a total of 11,698 individual measurements of lengths and widths for the main postcanine teeth were collected for 54 extinct and three extant species of this family and analyzed by means of principal component analyses. our results indicate that the functional aspects are better reflected by lower cheek dentition as a result of mosaic evolution. the multivariate structur ... | 2019 | 30648005 |
| species-specific differences in toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti seroprevalence in namibian wildlife. | knowledge about parasitic infections is crucial information for animal health, particularly of free-ranging species that might come into contact with livestock and humans. | 2020 | 31915056 |