| individual differences in habituation of human physiological responses: a review of theory, method, and findings in the study of personality correlates in non-clinical populations. | studies up to 1976 of the relationship between psychometrically defined dimensions of personality and individual differences in habituation of eeg and autonomic responses were examined. attention was confined to reports employing persons who were not diagnosed as suffering from mental disorder, institutionalized for this reason of for delinquent or criminal behaviour. the dimensions of extraversion and anxiety were most frequently found to be implicated in predictions about individual difference ... | 1977 | 338041 |
| acid-soluble nucleotides of acholeplasma (mycoplasma) laidlawii a. | a study was made of the acid-soluble nucleotides present in acholeplasma (mycoplasma) laidlawii a during growth. the nucleotide pool of this organism is meagre, both qualitatively and quantitatively. the main nucleotides are uridine mono- and diphosphates, and none of the more complex nucleotide compounds, such as uridine diphosphate (udp) sugars or sugar peptides, required for cell wall formation, were detected. the nucleotide composition of a. laidlawii a is compared with that of the streptoco ... | 1978 | 358744 |
| relative and seasonal incidences of the sexually transmitted diseases. a two-year statistical review. | in the united states statistics on sexually transmitted diseases (stds), other than gonorrhoea and syphilis, are meagre. in this study the relative and seasonal incidences of most stds in an american clinic where 34,938 patient visits were recorded over a two-year period (1975-76) are assessed. gonorrhoea was the most common std in male and female patients combined (18%), while nongonococcal urethritis (ngu) was most common in men (23%), and vaginitis (trichomonal 7.5%, yeast 7.1%, and non-speci ... | 1978 | 581655 |
| an automated ecg-system in a large hospital: coding, storage and retrieval of tracings. | this paper describes an automated ecg-system as it is used in the 1000-bed university hospital utrecht, the netherlands. the system involves a "hybride" approach, combining computer analysis of the ecg by means of the pipberger program with the reading by a cardiologist via a specially developed coding system. up until now (since january 1, 1972) 35,000 ecgs have been handled systematically at a rate of approximately 100 ecgs per working day. all the ecgs, together with the ecg-diagnoses and oth ... | 1975 | 1120546 |
| multiple sclerosis: relation to scrapie and slow infection; ageing and measles. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is shown to have no relation to scrapie and the evidence for a "slow infective" aetiology is very meagre. it is not related to an ageing process during which scrapie-like antigens make their appearance as they do in young animal with the disease. the emergence of scrapie-like antigens in ageing tissues is discussed. the increased sensitization of ms lymphocytes to scrapie, as opposed to normal brain (or spleen), is not characteristic of the disease, but occurs in other co ... | 1975 | 1217459 |
| immunolocalization of metalloproteinases and timp in normal and pathological tissues. | molecular and biochemical studies have made substantial contributions to the understanding of metalloproteinases (mps) and their natural inhibitor timp (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) but knowledge of their specific roles in tissue breakdown in vivo is still meagre. a major problem is that there are few techniques available that can detect small amounts of these entities at the sites of resorption. one approach to this problem is to prepare specific polyclonal antisera for use in immuno ... | 1992 | 1480064 |
| reversal of cognitive impairment by heptyl physostigmine, a long-lasting cholinesterase inhibitor, in primates. | cholinergic replacement therapy for alzheimer's disease using existing cholinesterase inhibitors is compromised by short duration, meagre benefits restricted to subgroups of patients, and peripheral toxicity. heptyl physostigmine is a lipophilic carbamate derivative of physostigmine. in rhesus monkeys, heptyl physostigmine (0.2-0.9 mg/kg i.m.) fully reversed a scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. following oral administration in squirrel monkeys, heptyl physostigmine (8 mg/kg) induced long- ... | 1992 | 1564524 |
| dermal toxicity to rats of isoproturon technical and formulation. | information on the toxicity of urea-based herbicides is meagre and no data are available on the subacute dermal toxicity of isoproturon and its formulation. repeated applications of isoproturon technical (ipt) and its wettable powder formulation (ipf) to the skin of male and female rats for 21 days caused mild to moderate toxic effects. ipt was more toxic to male rats as evidenced by animal mortality and enzymatic and hematological changes. the toxicity of ipf was less to both sexes. no dose res ... | 1990 | 2238439 |
| net increase of platelet membrane tyrosine specific-protein kinase activity by phorbol myristate acetate. | tyrosine protein kinase (tpk) activity in rabbit platelets after stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (pma) or thrombin was directly estimated by 32p incorporation from (gamma-32p)atp (adenosine triphosphate) into synthetic peptide angiotensin ii. by pma-treatment a net increase of tpk activity was obtained, while thrombin acted on the tpk quickly but stimulation was limited within the range attained by the control after lengthy incubation. the responsive tpk to these stimulators was localiz ... | 1990 | 2299969 |
| augmentation of the antibody response in aged mice with an 8-derivatized guanosine nucleoside and its effect on immunological memory. | the injection of aged mice with 7-methyl-8-oxoguanosine (7m8oguo) along with aggregated human gamma-globulin (ahgg) results in an enhanced anti-hgg antibody response. aged mice injected with ahgg alone make only a feeble anti-hgg response. the enhanced response in aged mice was not significantly different from the response obtained in young-adult mice injected only with ahgg. however, the enhanced response obtained by injection of 7m8oguo in young-adult mice was several orders of magnitude great ... | 1987 | 2444346 |
| aluminium and the human brain. | aluminium can cause an encephalopathy with a characteristic clinical picture and distinctive histopathology. evidence associating aluminium with alzheimer's disease and other dementias is both meagre and inconclusive. | 1989 | 2594657 |
| morphologic changes in the renal glomerulus and the juxtaglomerular apparatus in human preeclampsia. | the renal biopsies of ten women with preeclampsia without other underlying renal disease were examined in detail using light and electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. characteristic preeclamptic glomerular lesions with endocapillary cell swelling, subendothelial and mesangial deposits, and mesangial interposition were detected in each patient. juxtaglomerular regions were not prominent and were poorly granulated on light microscopy; ultrastructurally, they showed myoepithelioid cells with ... | 1988 | 3225715 |
| detection of trehalose monomycolate in mycobacterium leprae grown in armadillo tissues. | trehalose-6-monomycolate (tmm) was isolated from the lipids of armadillo-derived mycobacterium leprae. only meagre amounts of this glycolipid were recovered, but its structure was unequivocally established. only alpha-mycolates were detected in the tmm by 252cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry. electron impact mass spectrometry showed the alpha branch to be principally c20. trehalose dimycolate (cord factor) was not detectable. since we have also found tmm in m. lepraemurium and in every myco ... | 1987 | 3309145 |
| lack of histological signs in rats dying during the acute phase of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis. | rats dying acutely of experimental auto-immune encephalomyelitis show very meagre histological signs of the disease in routine histology sections. this cannot be explained by postmortal changes. it is suggested that the infiltrating lymphoid cells seen in the central nervous system for surviving rats are involved in the normally occurring self-limitation of the disease. | 1986 | 3485885 |
| prostate cancer--some aspects of epidemiology, risk factors, treatment and survival. | in western populations prostate cancer was probably rare in the past, yet in many populations the mortality rate has risen 3-5-fold since 1910. the disease now affects 1 man in 20. while the incidence in third world populations living traditionally remains low, it increases with urbanization and prosperity, as in south african blacks. while the disease is age-related, more common in married than in single men and family-orientated, knowledge of specific aetiological factors is meagre. abnormal h ... | 1986 | 3510459 |
| vagal influence on the adrenocortical function of the rat. | the vagal influence on the fasciculata's function was studied in 23 wistar male rats. the corticoadrenal function was evaluated by means of karyometric and histological studies. after vagotomy, the fasciculata of the left adrenal (operated side) showed a significant increase of the nuclear area in comparison with the right (control) side. this side difference was maintained in the stressed rats. in these animals the nuclear area did not increase significantly in either of the two adrenals. these ... | 1987 | 3659545 |
| direct evidence that reverse cholesterol transport is mediated by high-density lipoprotein in rabbit. | mammalian cells obtain cholesterol for membrane synthesis mostly via the receptor-mediated endocytosis of low-density lipoprotein (ldl). macrophages and vascular endothelium additionally have receptors that recognize certain modified forms of ldl (for example, acetyl-ldl). the process by which cholesterol returns from peripheral cells to hepatocytes (reverse cholesterol transport) has not been established; although tissue culture studies have favoured high-density lipoprotein (hdl) as the princi ... | 1985 | 3974712 |
| epidemic enteropathogenic escherichia coli, newfoundland, 1963: autopsy study of 16 cases. | the autopsy findings and certain other features are described in 16 fatal cases of infantile diarrhea associated with enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection during the 1963 epidemic in newfoundland which resulted in 100 deaths. age is an important factor in the severity of the infection and in the outcome. almost one-half the patients were under 4 months and a third under 2 months. pathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract were meagre and were not pathognomonic. other pathological ... | 1967 | 5335293 |
| functional maturity of cord blood b lymphocytes: staphylococcus aureus cowan 1 induces igg secretion in the human neonate. | lymphocytes from newborn infants and adults were investigated with the polyclonal b cell activators staphylococcus aureus cowan 1, soluble protein a, and pokeweed mitogen (pwm). in cord blood lymphocytes (cbl), protein a and pwm induced only meagre igm responses, whereas cowan 1 bacteria induced synthesis of both igm and igg in quantities comparable to adult levels. we were also able to establish the neonatal origin of the ig producing cells. thus, cord blood lymphocytes seem to be functionally ... | 1983 | 6193914 |
| lps greatly enhances the antibody response to hapten-polysaccharide conjugates, but not to hapten-protein conjugates. | in confirmation of earlier findings, we observed that an injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) into mice caused a considerable increase in the serum concentrations of igm and igg (total ig rose three- to four-fold in 7 days), and a corresponding increase in the concentrations of "natural" anti-(3-iodo-4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl) acetyl (nip) and anti-trinitrophenol (tnp) antibodies. our main purpose was to determine what effect lps had on antigen-dependent responses. hapten conjugates of ... | 1983 | 6194741 |
| dietary manipulation of plasma albumin concentration. | the variation in plasma albumin concentrations of rats fed a wide range of protein- and energy-deficient diets has been investigated. these changes have been correlated with simultaneous effects of the diets on growth rate, carcass composition, protein and energy balance, and plasma concentration of insulin corticosterone and triiodothyronine (t3). although rats eating diets of low protein content and libitum developed hypoalbuminemia, those fed equivalent amounts of protein at low energy intake ... | 1983 | 6224920 |
| role of paternal and maternal genomes in mouse development. | there has been much speculation on whether mammalian eggs with two male pronuclei can develop normally. eggs with two female pronuclei can sometimes develop as far as the 25-somite stage but with only very meagre extraembryonic tissues. we suggested that the genome undergoes specific imprinting during gametogenesis and that some paternal genes may be necessary for normal development of the extraembryonic tissues, in which only the maternal x chromosome remains active. however, the need for the m ... | 1984 | 6482961 |
| the electron microprobe analysis of sprayed microdroplets of solubilized biological tissues: a useful preliminary to localization studies. | the tem-eds bulk-tissue analysis procedure described involves: (1) low-temperature oxygen-plasma ashing of soft tissue specimens weighing greater than 20 micrograms in aluminum-foil crucibles; (2) the solubilization of the ash in 5 microliter 0.5n hno3 containing a known quantity of cobalt as an internal, non-interfering reference element; (3) the spraying of the solubilized ash from glass microcapillary tubes onto thin carbon-collodion films mounted on titanium grids; (4) eds analysis of indivi ... | 1983 | 6635580 |
| smith-lemli-opitz syndrome in two 46,xy infants with female external genitalia. | two infants with features of the smith-lemli-opitz (slo) syndrome were found to have a 46,xy karyotype and female external genitalia. autopsies showed normal testes for age with normal wolffian duct structures and without müllerian duct derivatives. this failure of masculinization of the external genitalia is an unusual finding and may represent the extreme of a spectrum of the genital anomalies commonly seen in males with this autosomal recessive syndrome. an endocrine evaluation on one of thes ... | 1984 | 6713715 |
| studies on infectivity, longevity and fecundity of ancylostoma ceylanicum in golden hamsters. | ancylostoma ceylanicum is a new introduction as an experimental hookworm model. information on the biology of this parasite in its laboratory host--the golden hamster, is meagre. its infectivity, longevity and fecundity were studied to obtain relevant information especially on vulnerable points in the maintenance and continuation of the infection. 100% infectivity was obtained with an inoculum of 60 larvae per animal. maximum numbers of parasites were harboured from day 15 to day 18 after infect ... | 1984 | 6747259 |
| the fine structure of the intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord of the monkey (macaca fascicularis). | an electron microscopical study of the intermediolateral nucleus of the monkey has shown that the neurons could be classified into at least three main types. the perikarya and proximal dendrite of types i and ii neurons were almost completely covered with astrocytic processes. both these types of neurons were characterized by prominent profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum arranged in parallel stacks in type i and in small aggregates in type ii. the golgi apparatus was well developed in both t ... | 1980 | 6772621 |
| comparison of the b vitamin composition of milk from mothers of preterm and term babies. | samples of milk were taken at intervals during lactation from 35 mothers of term and 26 mothers of preterm infants and assayed for 8 b complex vitamins. both term and preterm milks varied widely in vitamin content between mothers. mean concentrations of thiamin, vitamin b6, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, biotin, and folic acid increased progressively over several weeks after parturition but vitamin b12 concentrations declined generally and riboflavin values showed little change. preterm milk ... | 1983 | 6859917 |
| estimation of the risks of ionising radiation. | probably more is known about the quantitative relationship between exposure and carcinogenesis for radiation than for any other carcinogenic agent. nevertheless from the brief review given here it is obvious that even for radiation the data are meagre and often not appropriate to the problems of setting dose limits for the protection of radiation workers. icrp derived a quantitative relationship between exposure and risk of cancer induction and used it to justify their recommended dose limits fo ... | 1980 | 6930947 |
| circulating immune complexes and autoantibodies in lung cancer. | the sera of 80 newly diagnosed lung-cancer patients have been examined for immune complexes and autoantibodies. control subjects consisted of 20 bronchitic patients and 150 normal blood donors. immune-complex measurements used 4 established and sensitive techniques (raji cell assay, fluid and solid-phase c1q assays and conglutinin-binding assay) and a 5th newly devised technique based on the binding of polyethylene-glycol-precipitated immune-complex-rich serum fractions to staphylococcus aureus. ... | 1981 | 7225280 |
| corticocortical connections of area f3 (sma-proper) and area f6 (pre-sma) in the macaque monkey. | the monkey mesial area 6 comprises two distinct cytoarchitectonic areas: f3 [supplementary motor area properly defined (sma-proper)], located caudally, and f6 (pre-sma), located rostrally. the aim of the present study was to describe the corticocortical connections of these two areas. to this purpose restricted injections of neuronal tracers (wheat germ-agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase, fluorescent tracers) were made in different somatotopic fields of f3, f6, and f1 (area 4) and t ... | 1993 | 7507940 |
| parenteral aminoglycoside therapy. selection, administration and monitoring. | aminoglycosides are potent water-soluble antibiotics, with peak concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against many pathogenic aerobic gram-negative bacilli and staphylococcus aureus. for systemic therapy, they must be given parenterally (intravenously or intramuscularly). in the body they remain largely extracellular, but penetration into cerebrospinal fluid and other secretions is meagre. they display trough concentration-dependent reversible nephrotoxicity and the commonly irreversible ... | 1994 | 7521830 |
| synthesis and characterization of a polyvalent escherichia coli o-polysaccharide-toxin a conjugate vaccine. | a 12-valent escherichia coli o-polysaccharide (o-ps)-toxin a conjugate vaccine was formulated. nonpyrogenic, low-molecular-weight o-ps was derived from lipopolysaccharides (lps) of the following serotypes: o1,o2,o4,o6,o7,o8,o12, o15,o16,o18,o25, and o75. individual o-ps were covalently coupled to pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin a using adipic acid dihydrazide as a spacer molecule and carbodiimide as a coupling agent. on a weight basis, the final multivalent vaccine was composed of 43% o-ps and 57% ... | 1995 | 7639013 |
| the ria for igfbp-2 in man--a meagre catch? | in man igfbp-2 is by concentration the second most important igf binding protein in serum, the most abundant carrier protein in milk and csf. in serum its levels are age dependent. there is no good evidence, to date, for a regulation of its production or degradation by insulin. igf-i treatment increases serum igfbp-2 concentration. igfbp-2 is at least partially metabolized by the kidney, since it accumulates in serum of patients with renal failure and normalizes after renal transplantation. indi ... | 1993 | 7683513 |
| a study of the association of epstein-barr virus with burkitt's lymphoma occurring in a chinese population. | there is a strong association (approximately 95%) of endemic burkitt's lymphoma with epstein-barr virus (ebv), whereas the association is weak for the sporadic form occurring in western countries (approximately 15%). in the middle east, north africa and south america, 60-80% of burkitt's lymphomas harbour ebv. these epidemiological differences suggest that either the endemicity of ebv or socio-economic conditions, or both, may influence the pathogenetic role of ebv in burkitt's lymphoma. since o ... | 1995 | 7797201 |
| genetic aspects of lymphatic filariasis. | the genetics of human susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis, the genetic basis of filarial susceptibility in vector mosquitos, and the genetic constitution of human filarial parasites and their mosquito vectors are reviewed. it is evident that our present knowledge on the genetics of lymphatic filariasis is still very meagre. the need to study various genetic aspects of the disease is highlighted. | 1993 | 7973944 |
| the significance of the blood-borne viruses: blood banking and transfusion medicine. | most of the blood-borne infections that have held our attention during the last half of this century have been well characterized. although hiv and the hepatitis viruses have enormous world-wide public health implications, there has been considerable success in their prevention of transmission by transfusion. the technology is available to treat and eliminate from virtually all non-cellular blood products the transmission of disease caused by those viruses for which we have had the greatest conc ... | 1993 | 8174810 |
| ubombo and the site of david bruce's discovery of trypanosoma brucei. | the site and remains believed to be those of the camp where sir david bruce and his wife mary worked between 1894 and 1897, and where bruce discovered the causative agent of nagana and its transmission by the tsetse fly, have recently been discovered at the small village of ubombo in northern kwazulu (zululand), south africa. the site where these remnants were found fits the meagre, albeit significant, information presented by bruce in his writings on the location of the camp. | 1993 | 8249096 |
| uptake of preventive health care among mediterranean migrants in belgium. | the aim was to investigate the influence of ethnicity on the demand for preventive care by mediterranean migrants in belgium. | 1993 | 8436884 |
| [adrenocortical zonation in the laboratory japanese field vole (microtus montebelli)]. | adrenocortical zonation in the laboratory japanese field vole (microtus montebelli) was investigated histologically with special attention to the sex and species specific differences. the whole cortex and zona reticularis showed clear sex differences. they were thicker in females than in males. in this respect the vole was similar to the mouse and rat, but different from the syrian hamster and mastomys. male cortices were characterized by thick z. fasciculata and meagre z. reticularis, while bot ... | 1993 | 8519305 |
| zinc status of indian children. | zinc is a trace metal essential for human health and its deficiency is found to cause severe growth retardation in children. information on the zinc status of indian children is meagre perhaps due to lack of a reliable parameter. however, in view of the role of zinc in promoting growth, it has become common practice to prescribe zinc supplements to young children and newborns, particularly preterm infants. it is now clearly established that zinc confers no additional benefits to an individual wi ... | 1995 | 8675240 |
| neuropharmacological studies on panax ginseng. | panax ginseng root powder is extensively used in the far east for a wide variety of clinical ailments and to improve general physical and mental wellbeing. it is now also being used in the occident because of the adaptogenic activity of the plant. the present investigation was conducted to evaluate the neurophamacological profile of activity of p. ginseng (ginseng), since the available data were meagre and often controversial. ginseng had a complex profile of activity, sometimes difficult to rec ... | 1996 | 8698406 |
| depletion of reduced glutathione, ascorbic acid, vitamin e and antioxidant defence enzymes in a healing cutaneous wound. | in the present investigation the involvement of free radicals in a self-healing cutaneous wound has been demonstrated. the levels of different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been studied in 2,4,7 and 14 days old wounds and compared with normal skin. except for glutathione reductase (gr), all other enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants were found to decrease following wounding. the decrease was 60-70% in superoxide dismutase (sod), glutathione peroxidase (gpx) and glutathione-s- ... | 1997 | 9257121 |
| fish vaccine antigens produced or delivered by recombinant dna technologies. | current efforts to develop vaccines, particularly for aquacultured species, have turned largely to biotechnology because it provides the means to inexpensively produce sufficient quantities of the immunoprotective antigen. these efforts have resulted in several prototype vaccines for fish and the publication of a large number of articles on the subject. however, there are only a few recombinant dna-based vaccines for aquaculture in the licensing pipeline. continued funding of research on recombi ... | 1997 | 9270855 |
| organ culture of human lymphoid tissue. ii. marked differences in cytokine production and proliferation between slice and suspension cultures of human spleen. | recently, we have established a method for the culture of human spleen slices in vitro. the procedure allows thin slices (200-350 microns) of human spleen to be cultured for up to 7 days. using this method, we have previously established that unstimulated spleen slices spontaneously synthesize and secrete considerably higher levels of immunoglobulin than suspension cultures of the same tissue run in parallel. in this study, we report that there are also marked differences in the cytokine secreti ... | 1997 | 9294592 |
| strokes in the elderly: prevalence, risk factors & the strategies for prevention. | current demographic trends suggest that the indian population will survive through the peak years of occurrence of stroke (age 55-65 yr) and stroke-survivors in the elderly with varying degree of residual disability, will be a major medical problem. the available data from community surveys from different regions of india for 'hemiplegia' presumed to be of vascular origin indicate a crude prevalence rate in the range of 200 per 100,000 persons. thus, the anticipated costs of rehabilitation of st ... | 1997 | 9361465 |
| noradrenaline, beta-adrenoceptor mediated vasorelaxation and nitric oxide in large and small pulmonary arteries of the rat. | 1. noradrenaline induces a meagre vasoconstriction in small muscular pulmonary arteries compared to large conduit pulmonary arteries. we have examined whether this may be partially related to differences in the beta-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxation component and, in particular, beta-adrenoceptor-mediated no release. 2. noradrenaline induced a bell-shaped concentration-response in large (1202+/-27 microm) and small (334+/-12 microm) pulmonary arteries of the rat. in large arteries tension inc ... | 1997 | 9421285 |
| a novel mammalian wnt gene, wnt8b, shows brain-restricted expression in early development, with sharply delimited expression boundaries in the developing forebrain. | our current knowledge of mammalian forebrain development is meagre. the comparatively few relevant anatomical landmarks are, however, being supplemented by gene expression studies which are able to identify subsets of anatomical structures. we previously described cloning, subchromosomal localization and preliminary structural characterization of the human wnt8b gene, the first mammalian wnt8b gene to be reported. wnt genes encode intercellular signalling molecules which play a variety of critic ... | 1998 | 9536085 |
| application of endoscopic sinus surgery to primary atrophic rhinitis? a clinical trial. | the aetiology of primary atrophic rhinitis (ar) is still unclear. based on the sinus infection theories, endoscopic sinus surgery (ess) was applied to treat ar. ess was performed on 14 patients following stammberger's techniques along with middle turbinectomy. patients were evaluated using clinical symptoms, radiological sinus images, saccharine time tests, bacterial cultures and mucosal ultrastructures, before and 2 years after ess. three patients had good recoveries, 6 had partial recoveries a ... | 1998 | 9830676 |
| drug abuse in nepal: a rapid assessment study. | a rapid assessment of drug abuse in nepal was conducted at different sites, including eight municipalities in the five development regions of the country. to interview various groups of key informants, such methods as semi-structured interviews, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used. a snowball sampling strategy for respondents who were drug abusers and a judgemental sampling strategy for the non-drug-using key informants were applied. about one fifth of the sample was recrui ... | 1996 | 9839033 |
| the parasites, predators, places and people i have known: a great adventure. | i am extremely proud to receive the waavp/pfizer animal health award, and particularly so in africa, the continent where i have spent a large part of my professional life. in the nearly 40 years in research i have had the privilege and excitement of being involved with many great parasites, predators, places and people. in my early days in kenya i saw all the great wild animal predators, but soon came to appreciate that the greatest predator of all was disease, particularly parasitic disease, wi ... | 1999 | 10030757 |
| unconscious processes, subliminal stimulation, and anxiety. | ever since poetzl's studies, subliminal stimulation has been used as a paradigm to explore the connection between unconscious processes and psychopathology. inspired by the psychodynamic tradition, folk psychology attributes a dramatic power to subliminal stimulation. in contrast, most modern researchers argue that effects of subliminal stimulation are rather limited. does that mean that the unconscious is irrelevant to psychopathology? not necessarily. ohman and soares' hypothesis about the pre ... | 1999 | 10467492 |
| visual response augmentation in cat (and macaque) lgn: potentiation by corticofugally mediated gain control in the temporal domain. | visual responses of neurons are dependent on the context of a stimulus, not only in spatial terms but also temporally, although evidence for temporally separate visual influences is meagre, based mainly on studies in the higher cortex. here we demonstrate temporally induced elevation of visual responsiveness in cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of cat and monkey following a period of high intensity (elevated contrast) stimulation. this augmentation is seen in 40-70% (monkey-cat) of c ... | 2000 | 10762345 |
| cholera toxin and related enterotoxins: a cell biological and immunological perspective. | cholera toxin (ctx) from vibrio cholerae and the closely related escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (etx) are the primary virulence factors responsible for causing cholera and traveller's diarrhea, respectively. studies on the mode of action of these toxins on gut epithelial cells have revealed important insights into the mechanisms of toxin uptake and trafficking in eukaryotic cells. however, of perhaps even greater fascination have been the discoveries that ctx and etx exhibit remarkable ... | 2000 | 10994530 |
| hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma--treatment results in 138 consecutively admitted patients. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the initial and salvage treatment for hypopharyngeal carcinoma. the study was conducted in 1963 to 1991 and included 138 patients (38 females (28%) and 100 males (73%)). most of the tumours originated in the piriform sinus (86%). tumour stage distribution was t1: 20%, t2: 27%, t3: 37% and t4: 17% and nodal stage distribution was n0: 45%, n1: 25%, n2: 10%, and n3: 20%. primary treatment was delivered with curative intent in 124 out of 138 cases ... | 2000 | 11041117 |
| preliminary studies on the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) on both constitutive and phytohaemagglutinin (pha)-inducible il-6 and il-2 mrna expression and cytokine production in human spleen mononuclear cell suspensions in vitro. | in order to gain further insight into the potential immunological benefits of oral administration of dhea we have examined its effects on the constitutive and pha-inducible expression by human spleen cell suspensions in vitro of il-6 and il-2. this was studied at both the mrna and protein levels. the quantification of specific mrna was undertaken using commercially available quantitative polymerase chain reaction kits. these studies, which were performed on suspensions from six individual spleen ... | 2001 | 11167994 |
| binding of griffonia simplicifolia 1 isolectin b4 (gs1 b4) to alpha-galactose antigens. | glycoconjugates with terminal galalpha1-3galbeta1-4glcnac sequences (alpha-galactosyl epitopes, natural xenoreactive antigens) are present on various tissues in pigs and are recognized by human anti-alphagalactosyl (alphagal) antibodies1. hence xenotransplantation (pig-to-human) would trigger immune reactions involving complement activation and lead to the hyperactute rejection of the graft. xenoreactive antigens are often studied by using the lectin griffonia simplicifolia 1 isolectin b4 (gs1 b ... | 2001 | 11264704 |
| co-expression of colligin and collagen in oral submucous fibrosis: plausible role in pathogenesis. | the high incidence of oral submucous fibrosis (osf), a potentially malignant condition of the oral cavity, in the indian subcontinent is causally associated with commonly prevailing habit of chewing areca nut and tobacco. knowledge of molecular alterations in osf is meagre. osf is characterised by progressive accumulation of collagen fibres in lamina propria and oral submucosa. colligin/hsp47 is a 47kda stress protein which acts as a chaperone for collagen. we hypothesized that since colligin pl ... | 2001 | 11287283 |
| meagre numbers raise genome questions. | | 2001 | 11301262 |
| regulation of virulence genes in mycobacterium tuberculosis. | mycobacterium tuberculosis has demonstrated remarkable ability to survive in diverse conditions encountered during the infection process. these involve surviving the bactericidal stresses within the macrophage, the anaerobic and nutritionally altered environment of the granuloma, and the metabolically inactive latent state. understanding the molecular basis of this adaptive behavior lies in the identification of genes (or virulence determinants) specifically expressed under these varied conditio ... | 2001 | 11437339 |
| toxico-kinetics, recovery efficiency and microsomal changes following administration of deltamethrin to black bengal goats. | a study of the toxico-kinetics, recovery percentage from different substrates, cytotoxicity and role of cytochrome p450 and b5 of liver microsome in the metabolism of deltamethrin were carried out in female black bengal goat. the ald50 value of deltamethrin in goat by intravenous route lies between 0.2 and 0.6 mg kg-1. intravenous disposition kinetics using a dose of 0.2 mg kg-1 showed that the maximum blood concentration of deltamethrin was recorded at 0.5 min, followed by rapid decline, and a ... | 2001 | 11455663 |
| perception and response to gravity in higher fungi--a critical appraisal. | considering that research on gravitropism in higher fungi has a history of over 100 years, the harvest of established fact is disappointingly meagre. we can be reasonably certain of the following. hymenomycete 'mushroom' fruit bodies (polypore and agaric) exhibit a number of tropisms of which anemotropism, gravitropism, phototropism and thigmotropism have been clearly demonstrated. at any one time one tropism usually predominates but the inferior tropisms can be demonstrated if the predominating ... | 1991 | 11541309 |
| oral manifestations of an hiv positive cohort in the era of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart) in south london. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with oral manifestations of diagnostic and prognostic importance. with the advent of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (haart) there is anecdotal evidence to suggest that the prevalence of oral lesions has declined. the number of prevalence studies, carried out in the era of haart is, however, meagre. our aim was to study the prevalence of the oral manifestations of hiv in a population, predominantly on haart, attending a genito-urin ... | 2002 | 11903824 |
| citrus tissue culture employing vegetative explants. | citrus being a number one fruit of the world due to its high nutritional value, huge production of fruits and fruit products, the citrus industry may be considered a major fruit industry. though citrus orchard area in india is comparable to usa, the produce is far less, while its export is nil. biotechnology has played an outstanding role in boosting the citrus industry, e.g., in spain, which is now the biggest exporter of citrus fruit with the application of micrografting. amongst the fruit tre ... | 2001 | 11906099 |
| trachomoniasis in imo state, nigeria: a first report. | the prevalence of trichomonas vaginalis infection in imo state of nigeria is reported and adds to the meagre knowledge on its distribution in the country. the study (august 1978-march 1981) is based on 794 high vaginal swabs (hvs), 178 male urethral swabs (mus) and 5883 male and female urine samples obtained from out-patients at the owerri general hospital as well as 447 hvs from adult out-patients from holy rosary hospital, emekuku. 10.2% of 1241 hvs, 3.4% of 178 mus and 1.3% of 5883 urine sa ... | 1984 | 12340185 |
| lymphoscintigraphic details of sentinel lymph node detection in 82 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx. | lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node (sn) detection has been studied extensively in melanoma and breast cancer. in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc), however, experience in this field is relatively meagre. the purpose of this study was to document and evaluate lymphoscintigraphic findings in hnscc patients. eighty-two patients with clinical t1-t4 n0 scc of the oral cavity or oropharynx received peritumoral injections of 25-75 mbq 99mtc-colloidal albumin (ca). dynamic lymphoscintigrap ... | 2003 | 12766600 |
| synergism between genomic and non genomic estrogen action mechanisms. | the 17beta-estradiol (e2) action mechanism for inducing target gene expression can be attributed to both the direct binding of its receptor (er) to specific sequences, the estrogen response element (ere), and to the interaction between er and other dna-binding transcription factors. at the present meagre information is available for the role played by the rapid hormone action mechanism(s) (i.e., activation of erk, pi(3)k, pkc-alpha) in modulating e2-induced gene promoter activity. here the invol ... | 2003 | 12822891 |
| hiv/aids and debt crises: threat to human survival in sub-saharan africa. | whether originating from the african primates in the central african forest, or from polio vaccine trials by some western scientists, there is no doubt that hiv/aids poses the greatest single challenge to the marginalized poor of africa, where it has found a malnourished, vulnerable, defenceless host. collective response is necessary by physicians and health professionals who must be at the forefront of restoring hope and a dignified quality of life. in sub-saharan africa, hiv/aids is not a secu ... | 2003 | 12868516 |
| multiple primary tumours following head and neck cancer in southern england during 1961-98. | successful initial treatment of oral and oro-phayngeal cancer has led to the emergence of second primary tumours (spts). population data are meagre. | 2003 | 12901724 |
| the enhancing effect of murine hepatitis virus on the cerebral activity of pleuropneumonia-like organisms in mice. | pleuropneumoma-like organisms (pplo) of the catarrhal type were isolated from the brain of a swiss mouse during the cranial passage of mouse hepatitis virus-mhv(c). cranial injection of the pplo alone in swiss and princeton weanlings was attended by a meagre growth of the organisms in the brain, with no pathologic change. the growth of both catarrhal and conjunctival strains of pplo in the brains of swiss mice was greatly enhanced by the simultaneous injection of mhv(c). rolling was not a charac ... | 1957 | 13449230 |
| [the practice guideline 'pregnancy and puerperium' (first revision) from the dutch college of general practitioners; a response from the perspective of gynaecology]. | the major benefit of the revised version of the dutch college of general practitioners' practice guideline about pregnancy and puerperium is the formal starting point of professional equality of midwives and general practitioners as care providers in antenatal and postpartum care. this thorough evidence-based practice guideline is behind the most recent developments in this field. scientific evidence on vertical hiv transmission favours screening all pregnant women and not just the selective pro ... | 2004 | 14753125 |
| prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in alcohol misusers in south london. | information on alcohol-associated oral mucosal lesions (omls) and conditions is meagre. a prevalence survey among alcohol misusers in south london was therefore undertaken. | 2004 | 15078483 |
| predicting the timing of second praziquantel treatment and its effect on reduction of egg counts in southern ghana. | schistosoma haematobium infection could be associated with morbidity. generally, the cost of schistosomiasis control is high and it becomes a burden for governments or non-governmental organisations to repeat control programs so as to reduce morbidity. there is therefore, the need to optimise the available meagre resources for its control. from 1993 to 1997 the noguchi memorial institute for medical research of the university of ghana carried out a schistosomiasis control program in southern gha ... | 2004 | 15099813 |
| evaluating commercial weight loss programmes: an evolution in outcomes research. | the increasing prevalence of obesity has been mirrored by a parallel increase in the number of commercial weight loss programmes. research evaluating these programmes is meagre, however, compared to the numbers treated. reluctance of commercial weight loss programmes to meaningfully evaluate their weight loss efficacy may arise from fear that competitors will use the results against them. evaluation of commercial weight loss programmes usually progresses from testimonials, often by famous people ... | 2004 | 15458396 |
| "a phony way to show sincerity, as we all well know": tobacco industry lobbying against tobacco control in hong kong. | to examine the tobacco industry's efforts to influence public policy and block the legislative process on tobacco control in hong kong, 1973 to 1997. | 2004 | 15564215 |
| structural evidence of a fourth gla residue in fish osteocalcin: biological implications. | osteocalcin is a small (45 amino acids) secreted protein found to accumulate in bone and dentin of many organisms by interacting with calcium and hydroxyapatite, through the presence of three gamma-carboxylated residues. in this work, we describe the first x-ray crystal structure for a nonmammalian osteocalcin, obtained at 1.4 a resolution, purified from the marine teleost fish argyrosomus regius. the three-dimensional fit between the a. regius structure and that of the only other known x-ray st ... | 2005 | 15667217 |
| [design, development and successful application of safe and effective hiv therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines]. | it is generally held that hiv, the causative agent of the rampaging global hiv/aids pandemic, is incurable and uniformly fatal. since the discovery and isolation of the virus over two decades ago, global efforts at producing preventive and curative vaccines against it have so far resulted in failure. working single-handedly with only his family's meagre resources and against the tide of universally accepted dogmas on hiv/aids, the author designed, developed and applied new hiv therapeutic and pr ... | 2005 | 15704674 |
| osteocalcin and matrix gla protein in developing teleost teeth: identification of sites of mrna and protein accumulation at single cell resolution. | in this study, the tissue distribution and accumulation of osteocalcin or bone gla protein (bgp) and matrix gla protein (mgp) were determined during tooth development in a teleost fish, argyrosomus regius. in this species, the presence of bgp and mgp mrna in teeth was revealed by in situ hybridization. mrna for bgp was detected in the odontoblasts as well as in its cytoplasmic processes emerging through dentinal tubules, while mrna for mgp was expressed in the enamel portion within the apical po ... | 2005 | 16007469 |
| incidence rates for oral leukoplakia and lichen planus in a japanese population. | data on the incidence rates of potentially malignant diseases of the oral cavity in different populations is meagre. this is the first study to report on the age-specific incidence of oral leukoplakia and oral lichen planus from an industrialized country. | 2005 | 16138891 |
| genome scan on swedish alzheimer's disease families. | alzheimer's disease (ad) is an age-related disease, which affects approximately 40% of the population at an age above 90 years. the heritability is estimated to be greater than 60% and there are rare autosomal dominant forms indicating a significant genetic influence on the disease process. despite the successes in the early 1990s when four genes were identified, which directly cause the disease (app, psen1 and psen2) or greatly increase the risk of disease development (apoe), it has proved exce ... | 2006 | 16288313 |
| jesus and the eye: new testament miracles of vision. | to compile and appraise the accounts of the miracles of vision in the new testament. | 2005 | 16396654 |
| growth and cellular ion content of a salt-sensitive symbiotic system azolla pinnata-anabaena azollae under nacl stress. | salinity, at a concentration of 10 mm nacl affected the growth of azolla pinnata-anabaena azollae association and became lethal at 40 mm. plants exposed up to 30 mm nacl exhibited longer roots than the control, especially during the beginning of incubation. average root number in plants exposed to 10 and 20 mm nacl remained almost the same as in control. a further rise in nacl concentration to 30 mm reduced the root number, and roots shed off at 40 mm nacl. presence of nacl in the nutrient solut ... | 2006 | 16949957 |
| progesterone and its derivatives are neuroprotective agents in experimental diabetic neuropathy: a multimodal analysis. | one important complication of diabetes is damage to the peripheral nervous system. however, in spite of the number of studies on human and experimental diabetic neuropathy, the current therapeutic arsenal is meagre. consequently, the search for substances to protect the nervous system from the degenerative effects of diabetes has high priority in biomedical research. neuroactive steroids might be interesting since they have been recently identified as promising neuroprotective agents in several ... | 2007 | 17187935 |
| study of the extent of ocular absorption of acetazolamide from a developed niosomal formulation, by microdialysis sampling of aqueous humor. | acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor is used orally (no topical formulation being available in the market) for the reduction of intraocular pressure (iop) in patients suffering from glaucoma. two major reasons responsible for the failure to develop a topically effective formulation of acetazolamide are its low solubility (0.7mg/ml) and its low permeability coefficient. it is generally recognized that topical acetazolamide formulation possessing efficacy similar to that achieved upon ora ... | 2007 | 17300885 |
| [infestation of benedenia sciaenae van beneden, 1856 (monogenea: capsalidae) of cultured meagre (argyrosomus regius)]. | this study was carried out to investigate the reasons for scale loss, hemorrhage and local lesions on the skin of cultured meagre (argyrosomus regius asso, 1801), that are an alternative to the sea bass and sea bream. all of the 40 fish examined (5.63 +/- 0.89 kg in weight, 91.3 +/- 3.6 cm in length) had parasites on the area with lesions and the parasite was identified as benedenia sciaenae van beneden, 1856 (monogenea: capsalidae) after examination. the dimensions of the parasite were measured ... | 2007 | 17471419 |
| medical research: are we doing enough in africa? | as we look forward to the end of this century and the beginning of the next, our politicians are busy telling us about their plans to turn our countries into new industrialised nations (nins) by the year 2010 (or is it 2020?). most of us dismiss this as mere political rhetoric. but as medical researchers, perhaps we ought to look at this 2020 business more carefully. let us assume that a few african countries will indeed become new industrialised nations by the year 2020. shall we, as medical re ... | 1998 | 17580985 |
| meagre argyrosomus regius (osteichthyes) as host of a gonad-infecting species of philometra (nematoda: philometridae) off the atlantic coast of portugal. | subgravid females (up to 439 mm long) of the nematode philometra sp. were found in meagre argyrosomus regius (asso, 1801) (sciaenidae: perciformes) off the southern atlantic coast of portugal in 2006. the general morphology of these nematodes somewhat resembles that of philometra lateolabracis (yamaguti, 1935), but the gravid females of the species from a. regius are apparently much longer. this is the first documented record of a gonad-infecting species of philometra in marine fishes off the at ... | 2007 | 18159676 |
| evolutionary ecology during the rise of dioxygen in the earth's atmosphere. | pre-photosynthetic niches were meagre with a productivity of much less than 10(-4) of modern photosynthesis. serpentinization, arc volcanism and ridge-axis volcanism reliably provided h(2). methanogens and acetogens reacted co(2) with h(2) to obtain energy and make organic matter. these skills pre-adapted a bacterium for anoxygenic photosynthesis, probably starting with h(2) in lieu of an oxygen 'acceptor'. use of ferrous iron and sulphide followed as abundant oxygen acceptors, allowing producti ... | 2008 | 18468980 |
| accuracy of helicobacter pylori serology in two peptic ulcer populations and in healthy controls. | to estimate the test characteristics of helicobacter pylori (h pylori) serology and of c14-urea breath test (c14-ubt) in two different peptic ulcer populations and in community controls. second, the aim was to explore the association between the level of h pylori igg antibodies and severity of inflammation as to active peptic ulceration in the same populations. | 2008 | 18763287 |
| ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of microcotyle pancerii (monogenea: polyopisthocotylea: microcotylidae), parasite of meagre argyrosomus regius (pisces: teleostei). | the present work deals with the ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of microcotyle pancerii, a gill parasite of meagre argyrosomus regius collected in corsican fish farms. spermiogenesis was rather similar to that observed in other polyopisthocotylean monogenea. the intercentriolar body was different from that described in digeneans. the nuclear condensation occurred in 2 successive stages. first, during the nuclear migration in the median cytoplasmic process, the nucleus devel ... | 2009 | 18817455 |
| a haemagglutinin from the medicinal fungus cordyceps militaris. | there are only a few reports on agglutinins from ascomycete and medicinal fungi. an ha (haemagglutinin), with an n-terminal amino acid sequence different from those of known lectins, was isolated in the present study from dried fruiting bodies of the medicinal ascomycete fungus cordyceps militaris. the purification protocol consisted of affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. the haemagglutinating activity of the ha could not be inhibited by simple sugars or hepa ... | 2009 | 19093913 |
| seasonal host dynamics drive the timing of recurrent epidemics in a wildlife population. | the seasonality of recurrent epidemics has been largely neglected, especially where patterns are not driven by forces external to the population. here, we use data on cowpox virus in field voles to explore the seasonal patterns in wildlife (variable abundance) populations and compare these with patterns previously found in humans. timing in our system was associated with both the number and the rate of recruitment of susceptible hosts. a plentiful and sustained supply of susceptible hosts throug ... | 2009 | 19203924 |
| investing in early human development: timing and economic efficiency. | policy discussions to ameliorate socioeconomic (ses) inequalities are increasingly focused on investments in early childhood. yet such interventions are costly to implement, and clear evidence on the optimal time to intervene to yield a high economic and social return in the future is meagre. the majority of successful early childhood interventions start in the preschool years. however socioeconomic gradients in cognitive skills, socio-emotional functioning and health can be observed by age thre ... | 2009 | 19213617 |
| international observatory on mental health systems: structure and operation. | introduction: sustained cooperative action is required to improve the mental health of populations, particularly in low and middle-income countries where meagre mental health investment and insufficient human and other resources result in poorly performing mental health systems. the observatory: the international observatory on mental health systems is a mental health systems research, education and development network that will contribute to the development of high quality mental health systems ... | 2009 | 19344511 |
| oct-4 regulates the expression of stella and foxj2 at the nanog locus: implications for the developmental competence of mouse oocytes. | our knowledge of what determines the mammalian oocyte developmental competence is meagre. by comparing the transcriptional profiles of developmentally competent surrounded nucleolus (sn) and incompetent not surrounded nucleolus (nsn) mouse mii oocytes, we recently demonstrated that oct-4 and stella are key factors in the establishment of the oocytes' developmental competence. | 2009 | 19477878 |
| public-sector maternal health programmes and services for rural bangladesh. | achieving millennium development goal 5 in bangladesh calls for an appreciation of the evolution of maternal healthcare within the national health system to date plus a projection of future needs. this paper assesses the development of maternal health services and policies by reviewing policy and strategy documents since the independence in 1971, with primary focus on rural areas where three-fourths of the total population of bangladesh reside. projections of need for facilities and human resour ... | 2009 | 19489411 |
| a comparison of the spirochete of yellow fever (leptospira icteroides noguchi) with the leptospira of weil's disease. | the most noteworthy point observed in our studies is the extraordinary duration of life and the relatively meagre requirements for sustenance of leptospira icteroides. it is conceivable that under natural conditions opportunities might arise for the prolonged existence of leptospira icteroides, so that possibly after a lapse of years, the disease might reappear without introduction from outside. at any rate, the great viability of leptospira icteroides must be considered in this connection. a de ... | 1928 | 19869411 |
| evaluation of medical countermeasures against organophosphorus compounds: the value of experimental data and computer simulations. | despite extensive research for more than six decades on medical countermeasures against poisoning by organophosphorus compounds (op) the treatment options are meagre. the presently established acetylcholinesterase (ache) reactivators (oximes), e.g. obidoxime and pralidoxime, are insufficient against a number of nerve agents and there is ongoing debate on the benefit of oxime treatment in human op pesticide poisoning. up to now, the therapeutic efficacy of oximes was mostly evaluated in animal mo ... | 2010 | 19917271 |
| malaria from a zoological point of view: (section of comparative medicine). | protozoal parasites occurring in the red cells of mammals are: hepatozoon, babesia, theileria and plasmodium. the frequency with which these forms occur differs considerably in the different mammalian orders. but whilst there is a relationship apparent between the mammalian stem and the form of parasite, there appears to be an even closer association with the type of blood-sucking arthropods which the mode of life of the animals in a particular stem favours. ungulates in the days of their greate ... | 1934 | 19989868 |
| cytochrome p450 system as a toxicity biomarker of industrial wastewater in rat tissues. | in the present study the effect of laboratory exposure to wastewaters from aligarh (aww) and saharanpur (sww) on the activities of cytochrome p450 (cyp450) isozymes like ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod), pentoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (prod) and n-nitrosodimethylamine demethylase (ndma-d) were investigated in the liver and kidney of rats. the industrial wastewater samples from saharanpur city of northern india resulted 12, 3.5 and 1.5-fold rise in the erod (cyp1a1), prod (cyp2b1) and ndma-d (c ... | 2010 | 20060876 |
| a combined rt-pcr and dot-blot hybridization method reveals the coexistence of sjnnv and rgnnv betanodavirus genotypes in wild meagre (argyrosomus regius). | to detect the possible coexistence of striped jack nervous necrosis virus (sjnnv) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (rgnnv) genotypes in a single fish, a methodology based on the combination of pcr amplification and blot hybridization has been developed and applied in this study. | 2010 | 20497277 |