| evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of some swedish medicinal plants. inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis and paf-induced exocytosis. | plants used in swedish traditional medicine to treat inflammatory diseases and/or wounds were selected, based on literature data, for evaluation of inhibitory activity on prostaglandin biosynthesis and platelet activating factor (paf)-induced exocytosis in vitro. fifty-nine water extracts from 52 different plants in 28 families were tested. a number of plants, e.g. calluna vulgaris, corylus avellana, geum urbanum, juniperus communis, polygonum aviculare, potentilla erecta and salix caprea were f ... | 1995 | 8583796 |
| air-pollutant dispersal patterns and vegetation damage in the vicinity of three aluminium smelters in norway. | dispersal patterns for fluoride and damage to vegetation was studied near three aluminium smelters in norway. leaf samples from three broad-leaved species (betula pubescens ehrh., salix caprea l. and sorbus aucuparia l.) were collected and leaf injury and the plants overall vitality were evaluated systematically in areas with different distance and direction from the emission sources. both dispersal patterns and the distribution of damages were mainly determined by the predominant wind direction ... | 1999 | 10535145 |
| [enzymatic hydrolysis of willow treated with a steam burst without preliminary water extraction with a high concentration of substrate]. | a laboratory reactor equipped with a screw press was used for hydrolysis of steam-so2 exploded willow salix caprea by a composition of trichoderma reesei and aspergillus foetidus enzyme preparations at high substrate concentrations. optimal conditions providing the maximal volume of hydrolysis syrup with maximal sugar concentrations were determined. two different hydrolysis procedures were developed in order to exclude initial washing of steam-pretreated plant raw material by large volumes of wa ... | 2000 | 10779997 |
| [enzyme regeneration during hydrolysis of steam-pretreated willow and requirement for cellulase complex composition]. | in order to reduce the total enzyme consumption in high-solids static hydrolysis of nonwashed steam-exploded willow salix caprea by mixed cellulase of trichoderma reesei + aspergillus foetidus, two different approaches were proposed. in the first case, the enzyme activity adsorbed on residual solids after extended hydrolysis was used for hydrolysis of the newly added substrate. the initial mixing of fresh and hydrolyzed substrates was sufficient for the adsorbed enzyme redistribution and convers ... | 2000 | 10867945 |
| phenological modifications in plants by various edaphic factors. | various mechanical, chemical and physical soil analyses were carried out, in addition to weather observations, for 3 years at several sites along an oceanic-continental gradient in a fjord district in western norway. all the environmental factors observed were correlated with the spring and a few late-season phenophases of many native and cultivated woody plants and some herbs by simple, linear correlations and by stepwise multiple and partial analyses. different techniques were used to try and ... | 2001 | 11769320 |
| rate of stomatal opening, shoot hydraulic conductance and photosynthetic characteristics in relation to leaf abscisic acid concentration in six temperate deciduous trees. | correlations between leaf abscisic acid concentration ([aba]), stomatal conductance (gs), rate of stomatal opening in response to an increase in leaf water potential (si), shoot hydraulic conductance (l) and photosynthetic characteristics were examined in saplings of six temperate deciduous tree species: acer platanoides l., padus avium mill., populus tremula l., quercus robur l., salix caprea l. and tilia cordata mill. species-specific values of foliar [aba] were negatively related to the mean ... | 2002 | 11874723 |
| remarkable, overlooked and new microfungi in north rhine-westphalia, germany. | during our investigations of the micro flora in nrw in the years of 1999 and 2000 we were able to collect and identify some new and rare species of micro fungi as parasites and saprophytes on wild and ornamental plants. some of them are new for germany: podosphaera xanthii on coreopsis verticillata; cercospora traversiana on trigonella foenum-graecum; passalora dubia on atriplex hortensis; ophiobolus cirsii on carduus spec.; periconia britannica on polemonium coeruleum; ascochyta leptospora on a ... | 2001 | 12425026 |
| surveys of microfungi in a former industrial area in duisburg-nord. | one hundred and forty microfungi (ascomycetes and deuteromycetes) were collected in the "landschaftspark duisburg-nord" located in north rhine-westphalia. new hosts for rarely found fungi are recorded for the first time. new for germany are massaria inquinans (tode) de not. and nitschkia grevillei (rhem) nannf. on acer pseudoplatanus l., pirottaea nigrostriata graddon on artemisia vulgaris l., ceratopycnis clematidis höhn. on clematis vitalba l., dasyscyphus aff. humuli (w. phillips) dennis on h ... | 2002 | 12701427 |
| allergic contact dermatitis from salicyl alcohol and salicylaldehyde in aspen bark (populus tremula). | salicyl alcohol or 2-methylolphenol is a well-known allergen in phenol-formaldehyde resins and a strong sensitizer in guinea pigs. there is 1 previous report of allergic contact dermatitis from salicyl alcohol in aspen bark. we describe a second case with concomitant allergy to salicylaldehyde. an elk researcher who had handled leaves from various trees presented with eczema of the hands, face, flexures, trunk and extremities. patch testing showed sensitivity to salicyl alcohol, salicylaldehyde, ... | 2005 | 15725287 |
| assessing the potential of short rotation coppice (src) for cleanup of radionuclide-contaminated sites. | a small-scale greenhouse investigation was undertaken using goat willow (salix caprea) and aspen (populus tremula) to evaluate the potential of short rotation coppice for remediation of 137cs- and 90sr-contaminated sites. results showed that both species were able to accumulate these radionuclides from a representative disposal soil (aged) and a spiked soil s. caprea accumulating greater levels of 137cs than p. tremula, with no difference between species for 90sr accumulation. for each radionucl ... | 2005 | 16463541 |
| polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-degrading bacteria associated with trees in a pcb-contaminated site. | the abundance, identities, and degradation abilities of indigenous polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-degrading bacteria associated with five species of mature trees growing naturally in a contaminated site were investigated to identify plants that enhance the microbial pcb degradation potential in soil. culturable pcb degraders were associated with every plant species examined in both the rhizosphere and root zone, which was defined as the bulk soil in which the plant was rooted. significantly high ... | 2006 | 16597927 |
| evaluation of antioxidant activity of salix caprea flowers. | the study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activity of an ethanol extract of salix caprea l. (salicaceae) flowers. the extract was found to possess a large amount of polyphenols and also exhibited a high reducing ability. the extract significantly and dose dependently scavenged dpph, superoxide (o(2) (*-)), hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) and nitric oxide (no). at a concentration of 250 microg/ml, 85.04% of dpph radicals and at 500 microg/ml 45.97%, 17.97% and 56.53% of o(2) (*-), h(2)o(2) a ... | 2006 | 16619350 |
| heavy metal accumulation in trees growing on contaminated sites in central europe. | metal-accumulating woody species have been considered for phytoextraction of metal-contaminated sites. we investigated zn and cd accumulation in tissues of adult trees and associated herbaceous species collected from contaminated areas in central europe. we found considerable cd and zn accumulation in various willow, poplar and birch species with up to 116mgcdkg(-1) and 4680mgznkg(-1) in leaves of salix caprea. annual variation of cd and zn concentrations in leaves of salix caprea were small, in ... | 2007 | 17224228 |
| screening analyses of pinosylvin stilbenes, resin acids and lignans in norwegian conifers. | the content and distribution of stilbenes and resin acids in scots pine (pinus sylvestris) and spruce (picea abies), sampled in central norway, have been examined. the contents of pinosylvin stilbenes in pine heartwood/living knots were 0.2-2/2-8 %(w/w). no stilbenes could be detected in spruce (picea abies). the resin acid contents of pine sapwood/heartwood and knots were 1-4 and 5-10 % (w/w), respectively. minor amounts of resin acids (<0.2/<0.04 %w/w) were identified in spruce wood/knots. the ... | 2006 | 17962750 |
| application of temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis for characterisation of fungal endophyte communities of salix caprea l. in a heavy metal polluted soil. | fungal endophytes can affect the heavy metal uptake of their host plants and increase the tolerance of their host plants to heavy metal stress. therefore, in the present study, a wide-range screening of the fungal endophyte communities was conducted to determine the fungal distribution and diversity on s. caprea roots on a metal polluted site. fungal communities were screened using amplification with the 5.8s-its2-28s part of the rdna operon, with the resulting amplicons analysed by temporal tem ... | 2009 | 19772938 |
| culturable bacteria from zn- and cd-accumulating salix caprea with differential effects on plant growth and heavy metal availability. | to characterize bacteria associated with zn/cd-accumulating salix caprea regarding their potential to support heavy metal phytoextraction. | 2010 | 20132372 |
| interactions between accumulation of trace elements and macronutrients in salix caprea after inoculation with rhizosphere microorganisms. | although the beneficial effects on growth and trace element accumulation in salix spp. inoculated with microbes are well known, little information is available on the interactions among trace elements and macronutrients. the main purpose of this study was to assess the effect of phytoaugmentation with the rhizobacteria agromyces sp., streptomyces sp., and the combination of each of them with the fungus cadophora finlandica on biomass production and the accumulation of selected trace elements (zn ... | 2011 | 21612812 |
| spirosoma endophyticum sp. nov., isolated from zn- and cd-accumulating salix caprea. | a gram-reaction-negative, yellow-pigmented strain, designated ex36(t), was characterized using a polyphasic approach comprising phylogenetic, morphological and genotypic analyses. the endophytic strain was isolated from zn/cd-accumulating salix caprea in arnoldstein, austria. analysis of the 16s rrna gene demonstrated that the novel strain is most closely related to members of the genus spirosoma (95 % sequence similarity with spirosoma linguale). the genomic dna g+c content was 47.2 mol%. the p ... | 2013 | 23907231 |
| tree species composition affects the abundance of rowan (sorbus aucuparia l.) in urban forests in finland. | recent studies have shown a considerable increase in the abundance of rowan (sorbus aucuparia) saplings in urban forests in finland, yet the reasons for this increase are not well understood. here we investigated whether canopy cover or tree species composition, i.e., the basal areas of different tree species in norway spruce dominated urban forests, affects the abundances of rowan seedlings, saplings and trees. altogether 24 urban forest patches were investigated. we sampled the number of rowan ... | 2015 | 25588119 |
| effects of willow hybridisation and simulated browsing on the development and survival of the leaf beetle phratora vitellinae. | interspecific hybridisation is common between many plant species and causes rapid changes in a variety of plant characters. this may pose problems for herbivores because changes in recognition characters may be poorly correlated with changes in quality characters. many studies have examined different systems of hybrids and herbivores in attempts to understand the role of hybridisation in the evolution of plant resistance. the results from different systems are variable. studies of hybrids betwee ... | 2003 | 12823861 |
| floral reward, advertisement and attractiveness to honey bees in dioecious salix caprea. | in dioecious, zoophilous plants potential pollinators have to be attracted to both sexes and switch between individuals of both sexes for pollination to occur. it often has been suggested that males and females require different numbers of visits for maximum reproductive success because male fertility is more likely limited by access to mates, whereas female fertility is rather limited by resource availability. according to sexual selection theory, males therefore should invest more in pollinato ... | 2014 | 24676333 |
| how does pollen chemistry impact development and feeding behaviour of polylectic bees? | larvae and imagos of bees rely exclusively on floral rewards as a food source but host-plant range can vary greatly among bee species. while oligolectic species forage on pollen from a single family of host plants, polylectic bees, such as bumblebees, collect pollen from many families of plants. these polylectic species contend with interspecific variability in essential nutrients of their host-plants but we have only a limited understanding of the way in which chemicals and chemical combination ... | 2014 | 24465963 |
| 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, a floral scent compound in willows that attracts an oligolectic bee. | many bees are oligolectic and collect pollen for their larvae only from one particular plant family or genus. here, we identified flower scent compounds of two salix species important for the attraction of the oligolectic bee andrena vaga, which collects pollen only from salix. flower scent was collected by using dynamic-headspace methods from salix caprea and s. atrocinerea, and the samples were subsequently analyzed by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (gc-ead) to det ... | 2005 | 16258713 |
| ectomycorrhizal community structure of salix and betula spp. at a saline site in central poland in relation to the seasons and soil parameters. | saline stress is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting the growth and development of plants and associated microorganisms. while the impact of salinity on associations of arbuscular fungi is relatively well understood, knowledge of the ectomycorrhizal (em) fungi of trees growing on saline land is limited. the main objective of this study was to determine the density and diversity of em fungi associated with three tree species, salix alba, salix caprea and betula pendula, growing in ... | 2017 | 25821257 |
| nonvolatile chemical cues affect host-plant ranking by gravid polygonia c-album females. | in a multiple-choice test, the preference of egg-laying polygonia c-album (comma butterfly) females was studied for oviposition on plants bearing surrogate leaves treated with crude methanol extracts obtained from leaves of seven host-plant species: humulus lupulus, urtica dioica, ulmus glabra, salix caprea, ribes nigrum, corylus avellana, and betula pubescens. the ranking order of surrogate leaves treated with host-plant extracts corresponded well to that reported on natural foliage, except r. ... | 2012 | 22486046 |
| host plant utilization in the comma butterfly: sources of variation and evolutionary implications. | a major challenge in the study of insect-host plant interactions is to understand how the different aspects of offspring performance interact to produce a preference hierarchy in the ovipositing females. in this paper we investigate host plant preference of the polyphagous butterfly polygonia c-album (lepidoptera: nymphalidae) and compare it with several aspects of the life history of its offspring (growth rate, development time, adult size, survival and female fecundity). females and offspring ... | 1994 | 28313958 |
| technical note monitoring native vegetation on a dumpsite of pcb-contaminated soil. | composition of native vegetation on a polychlorinated biphenyls (pcb)-contaminated soil dumpsite at lhenice, south bohemia (czech republic), was determined and species variability in the accumulation of pcbs in plant biomass was investigated. soil stripping contaminated by pcbs originated at a factory producing electrical transformers that mostly used the commercial pcb mixture delor 103 and 106. the pcb content of soil in the most contaminated part of the dumpsite reached 153 mg kg(-1) dry soil ... | 2013 | 18246716 |
| 9,10-seco-9,19-cyclolanostane triterpene from salix caprea l. (goat willow). | chemical investigation of low polar solvent extract of salix caprea through chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of new triterpene as 1α,3β,25-trihydroxy-9(11)-ene-16-one-9,10-seco-9,19-cyclolanostane (1) along with fatty alcohols. the structure of compound 1 was established by ir, hresi/ms and nmr including 1d and 2d experiments. the compound 1 showed moderate in vitro antiplasmodial activity. | 2013 | 22401597 |
| fluorescent analysis for bioindication of ozone on unicellular models. | unicellular model plant systems (vegetative microspores of horsetail equisetum arvense and pollen of six plant species corylus avellana, dolichothele albescens populus balsamifera, salix caprea, saintpaulia ionantha, tulipa hybridum, on which autofluorescence and fluorescence after histochemical treatment studied, have been represented as bioindicators of ozone. it has found that low doses of ozone 0.005 or 0.008 μl/l did not affect or stimulate the autofluorescence of the samples with the abili ... | 2015 | 25779939 |
| molecular changes during pollen germination can be monitored by raman microspectroscopy. | the processes associated with pollen germination were studied in vitro for two tree species, salix caprea and fraxinus excelsior under different nutrient conditions. the results provide evidence of changes in chemical composition of the pollen grains during germination. from the comparison of spectra of the pollen grain body and the growing pollen tube, it can be concluded that there are major chemical differences between these two morphological units. comparison of germinated and ungerminated p ... | 2010 | 20437420 |
| agromyces aureus sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of salix caprea l. grown in a heavy-metal-contaminated soil. | a gram-reaction-positive, motile, yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated ar33t, was isolated from the rhizosphere of salix caprea l. growing in a former zinc/lead mining and processing site in austria. a polyphasic approach was applied to determine its taxonomic position. 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, and morphological and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strain ar33t belongs to the genus agromyces. strain ar33t had peptidoglycan type b2γ and the major menaquinones ... | 2016 | 27373912 |
| melampsora rust species on biomass willows in central and north-eastern germany. | melampsora willow rusts are the most important fungal pathogens in short rotation coppices of biomass willows. in the past, breeding programmes for rust resistant biomass willows concentrated on the distinction of races within the forma specialis melampsora larici-epitea f. sp. larici-epitea typica that colonized salix viminalis and related clones. in a new breeding program that is based on a wider range of willow species it is necessary to identify further melampsora species and formae speciali ... | 2014 | 25442294 |
| an experimental test of hybrid resistance to insects and pathogens using salix caprea, s. repens and their f1 hybrids. | the aim of this study was to assess the responses of herbivores and pathogens to hybrid plants under controlled conditions. f1 hybrids and parental species, produced by hand-pollinating willows in the field, were potted and kept in an experimental field under controlled conditions. in 1997, plant growth and survival were measured along with densities of insects and the degree of pathogen infection on the willows. the survival rate was higher for s. repens than for the hybrids and lowest for s. c ... | 1998 | 28308478 |