| [anthropophilia of the deer blood sucker lipoptena cervi l. (diptera, hippoboscidae)]. | | 1975 | 126359 |
| lipoptena cervi (diptera), a potential vector of megatrypanum trypanosomes of deer (cervidae). | in three different areas in northern germany, hippoboscids were collected from red deer (cervus elaphus). typanosomatids were demonstrated in the midgut and hindgut of 9/37 lipoptena cervi. the trypanosomatids were morphologically similar to vector forms of the subgenus megatrypanum that had been found in tabanids at the same location 5 years previously. hippoboscids are therefore potential vectors of trypanosoma (megatrypanum) spp. that infect red deer. | 1991 | 1805220 |
| [diurnal motor activity of lipoptena cervi (l.) (hippoboscidae: diptera)]. | the motive activity of l. cervi is highest in the early and late morning, and in the evening, and correlated with the motoric activity of the host (roe-deer). | 1989 | 2633507 |
| [initial experience with individual human protection from attack by the deer louse fly lipoptena cervi]. | | 1985 | 4088156 |
| [injuriousness to deer of the louse fly lipoptena cervi l. (diptera, hippoboscidae) in white russia]. | | 1974 | 4275809 |
| [skin lesions in people due to bites of lipoptena cervi]. | | 1968 | 4390999 |
| the dynamics of infestation of the cervidae with lipoptena cervi l. (diptera, hippoboscidae) on the territory of poland. | | 1974 | 4454293 |
| persistent pruritic papules from deer ked bites. | deer ked (lipoptena cervi l.), a haematophagous louse fly of deer, also attacks man and can cause persistent pruritic papules. nineteen patients with this conditions were examined. they suffered attacks while carrying out their work, or merely walking, in forested areas. the bite papules appeared mostly on the head and back. they were very itchy and resistant to treatment and persisted from 2 weeks up to 12 months. histologically, a typical insect bite reaction was found without any signs of ret ... | 1982 | 6183862 |
| [parasites of mouflons, stags and roe-deer from the lower silesia region]. | the study concerning internal and external parasites in deer was conducted in selected lower silesia forest inspections from may 1988 till june 1992. coproscopic method and section were applied. only in roe-deer the highly extensive invasion of gastrointestinal nematodes was observed (from 50% to 81%, depending on inspections). most frequent were the ostertagia (60%) and nematodirus (30%) types. another problem, mainly in mouflons, were lung nematodes of protostrongylidae family, of which the mu ... | 1994 | 7801642 |
| [parasitic arthropods from some species of wild mammals from middle pomerania]. | a total of 109 mammals belonging to 3 wild species: cervus elaphus, capreolus capreolus and sus scrofa were examined post mortem after delivery by hunters to the warehouses of the "jägerprodukt" company in sławno and osowo, and of the "las" company in sławsko (middle pomerania, poland). three species of ectoparasites were collected: ixodes ricinus, lipoptena cervi and haematopinus apri. the highest frequency and the highest index of infestation with ectoparasites were observed in cause of c. ela ... | 1994 | 8023500 |
| deer keds (lipoptena cervi) in the accompanying equipment of the late neolithic human mummy from the similaun, south tyrol. | | 1994 | 8153132 |
| [parasitic arthropods of bison bonasus from the białowieza primeval forest]. | during the period 1991-1993, 61 bisons from the białowieza primaeval forest were examined. 8 species of ectoparasites were noted: bovicola sedecimdecembrii, lipoptena cervi, dermacentor reticulatus, ixodes ricinus, ixodes persulcatus, chorioptes bovis, psoroptes ovis, demodex bisonianus. the most frequent incidence noted was d. bisonianus, prevalence 52%, followed b. sedecimdecembrii--28%, i. ricinus--12% and l. cervi 8%. | 1996 | 8967085 |
| [changes in the number of deer louse-flies lipoptena cervi (hippoboscidae) in the forests of northwestern russia]. | long term observations of the abundance fluctuations of the deer louse-fly lipoptena cervi were carried out in forest areas of the leningrad, novgorod and pskov provinces in 1988-1995. the registration of the winged individuals was held in the period of the mass flight in august by the number of deer louse-flies attacking a collector man during 1 km of the pathway. the abundance of deer louse-flies was being high everywhere up to 1993, while it decreased by 8-29 times in 1994-1995. the reason of ... | 1996 | 8984438 |
| [further studies on parasitic arthropods of the elk alces alces in poland]. | in the northeastern part of poland, 239 elks (5% of the polish population) were examined and 7 species of ectoparasites were found. the most frequent included: lipoptena cervi (94%) and chorioptes texanus is new species in poland and it was noted at 50 sites from warmia and the mazurian lake district. | 1996 | 9012137 |
| [stone age deerfly (lipoptena cervi) found with a mummy in a glacier]. | in hair samples from the accompanying equipment of a human mummy preserved in glacial ice in south tyrol for more than 5000 years, numerous remains of insects were found. these fragments corresponded in form, size and structural organization to the features of the deer ked, lipoptena cervi. considering the biology and ecology of l. cervi with regard to the finding place of the mummy at an altitude of 3210 m above sea level in a glacier it is concluded that the deer keds invaded the equipment bef ... | 1996 | 9139418 |
| hypoderma diana (diptera, oestridae) and lipoptena cervi (diptera, hippoboscidae) as parasites of reindeer (rangifer tarandus) in scotland with notes on the second-stage larva of hypoderma diana. | | 1955 | 14370836 |
| role of hippoboscidae flies as potential vectors of bartonella spp. infecting wild and domestic ruminants. | the putative role of biting flies in bartonella transmission among ruminants was investigated. amplification of the bartonella citrate synthase gene from 83 hippoboscidae was detected in 94% of 48 adult lipoptena cervi flies, 71% of 17 adult hippobosca equina flies, 100% of 20 adult melophagus ovinus flies, and 100% of 10 m. ovinus pupae. our findings suggest that hippoboscidae play a role in the transmission of bartonella among ruminants. the vertical transmission of bartonella in m. ovinus and ... | 2004 | 15466580 |
| isolation of bartonella schoenbuchensis from lipoptena cervi, a blood-sucking arthropod causing deer ked dermatitis. | bartonella schoenbuchensis, which commonly causes bacteremia in ruminants, was isolated from the deer ked lipoptena cervi and was shown to localize to the midgut of this blood-sucking arthropod, causing deer ked dermatitis in humans. the role of b. schoenbuchensis in the etiology of deer ked dermatitis should be further investigated. | 2004 | 15528732 |
| the occurrence of parasitic arthropods in two groups of european bison in the białowieza primeval forest. | within 1992-2000, a total of 181 białowieza forest bison were examined from two winter herds. twelf parasitic arthropod species were observed, a high infestation being typical of demodex bisonianius, chorioptes bovis, ixodes ricinus, dermacentor reticulatus, and bisonicola sedecimdecembrii. the infestation in section 422 herd being higher for b. sedecimdecembrii, i. ricinus, d. reticulatus, ch. bovis. d. bisonianus was slightly more prevalent in the section 391 herd, the intensity being, however ... | 2001 | 16886430 |
| [dynamics of infestation of the lipoptena cervi (l.) (diptera, hippoboscidae) with the fallow deer from pomerania]. | in yers 1996 - 2000 fallow deer were examined in the area of north-western part of poland (pomeranian lakeland). 295 fallow deer were examined and lipoptena cervi was found on 220 of them; the prevalence was 75%, intensity ca 9.9 individuals. | 2001 | 16888953 |
| lipoptena cervi (deer ked) in two naturally infested dogs. | | 2006 | 16946313 |
| molecular detection of bartonella schoenbuchensis from ectoparasites of deer in massachusetts. | deer keds (lipoptena cervi) are thought to have been introduced into new england from europe during the 1800 s. we sought to determine whether l. cervi from massachusetts deer contained evidence of infection by bartonella schoenbuchensis, which appears to be maintained by l. cervi in europe. five of 6 keds were found to contain b. schoenbuchensis dna, and 2 deer ticks cofeeding on deer with such keds did as well. the detection of bartonella dna in deer ticks probably represents contamination by ... | 2008 | 18454595 |
| new bedding site examination-based method to analyse deer ked (lipoptena cervi) infection in cervids. | invasion of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi), an ectoparasitic fly commonly found in cervids, has been rapid in finland during the last four decades. as the distribution area of this species has expanded from the south towards the northern latitudes, the associated problems have become more evident. various animals such as horses, cattle and especially reindeer have been reported to host this parasite. moreover, in certain areas, the deer ked causes major inconveniences for humans potentially limi ... | 2009 | 19050924 |
| experiments on the ectoparasitic deer ked that often attacks humans; preferences for body parts, colour and temperature. | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) can fail in its host search. host search fails when an individual deer ked irreversibly accepts a host unsuitable for its reproduction (e.g. a human) and drops its wings. in northern europe, the main host of the deer ked is the moose (alces alces). the deer ked is increasingly causing serious problems for humans (for example, causing deer ked dermatitis) and is considered a threat for the recreational use of forests. the adult deer ked flies in early and mid-autumn ... | 2010 | 19698197 |
| fennoscandian distribution of an important parasite of cervids, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi), revisited. | the deer ked [lipoptena cervi (l. 1758) (dipt., hippoboscidae)] is a blood-sucking ectoparasite of cervids. the species has been resident in sweden for more than two centuries, whereas in finland ( approximately 50 years) and norway ( approximately 30 years), it has established itself relatively recently. l. cervi may cause serious health problems in its natural hosts, act as a vector for zoonotic diseases, and pose a socioeconomic threat to forest-based activity. in this paper, we review the di ... | 2010 | 20379833 |
| parasitism of the deer ked, lipoptena cervi, on the moose, alces alces, in eastern finland. | the deer ked, lipoptena cervi l. (diptera: hippoboscidae), is an ectoparasitic fly that spread to finland in the early 1960s from the southeast across the soviet border. it is currently a common parasite of the moose, alces alces (artiodactyla: cervidae), in the southern part of the country and its area of distribution is gradually spreading to finnish lapland, where it will come into contact with another potential cervid host, the semi-domesticated reindeer, rangifer tarandus tarandus. the aim ... | 2010 | 20868432 |
| northward invasion of the parasitic deer ked ( lipoptena cervi), is there geographical variation in pupal size and development duration? | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a common ectoparasite of cervids. during the last decades the species has rapidly invaded in northern europe, especially in finland, towards the north and increased its prevalence on the moose population. consequently, during this rapid invasion the deer ked has faced more severe climatic conditions. we studied whether pupal size (measured as pupal weight) and pupal development duration of the deer ked varies along historical invasion zones and temperature zones ... | 2010 | 20880422 |
| new record of lipoptena cervi and updated checklist of the louse flies (diptera: hippoboscidae) of the republic of korea. | abstract this is the first confirmed record of the genus lipoptena nitzsch and its species, lipoptena cervi (linnaeus), from the republic of korea. a total of five females and 10 males was collected from eight of 29 korean water deer, hydropotes inermis argyropus swinhoe, from gangwon and gyeongsangbuk provinces and ulsan metropolitan area from may through october 2008. an updated checklist of korean hippoboscids contains nine species in six genera (hippobosca linnaeus, icosta speiser, lipoptena ... | 2010 | 21175076 |
| geographical variation in host use of a blood-feeding ectoparasitic fly: implications for population invasiveness. | invasive generalist ectoparasites provide a tool to study factors affecting expansion rates. an increase in the number of host species may facilitate geographic range expansion by increasing the number of suitable habitats and by affecting local extinction and colonization rates. a geographic perspective on parasite host specificity and its implications on range expansion are, however, insufficiently understood. we conducted a field study to explore if divergent host specificity could explain th ... | 2011 | 21390490 |
| experimental infection of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) has no negative effects on the physiology of the captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a haematophagous parasitic fly of cervids that spread to finland in the early 1960's. presently its northern distribution limit lies at approximately 65°n and it is gradually spreading northwards. in finland the principal host species has been the moose (alces alces), but the deer ked is about to establish contact with another potential host, the semi-domesticated reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) causing possible threats to reindeer health and management. t ... | 2011 | 21439734 |
| hair-loss epizootic in moose (alces alces) associated with massive deer ked (lipoptena cervi) infestation. | deer keds (lipoptena cervi) are blood-sucking flies in the family hippoboscidae; moose (alces alces) are their main host in scandinavia. there are no detailed reports of the negative impacts of deer keds on moose. in 2006 and 2007, hunters in southeastern norway and midwestern sweden found several moose cadavers with severe alopecia; numerous moose had extensive hair loss. between february 2006 and june 2007, materials from 23 moose were submitted for laboratory examination and large numbers of ... | 2011 | 22102660 |
| first molecular evidence of anaplasma ovis and rickettsia spp. in keds (diptera: hippoboscidae) of sheep and wild ruminants. | to evaluate the presence of rickettsial agents in hippoboscid flies with molecular methods, 81 sheep keds (melophagus ovinus) were collected from 23 sheep, 144 deer keds (lipoptena cervi) were caught in the environment, and a further 463 and 59 individuals of the latter species were obtained from fresh carcasses of 29 red deer and 17 roe deer, respectively. dna was extracted individually or in pools. anaplasma ovis was demonstrated in all examined sheep keds, and from one pool of free-living dee ... | 2011 | 21923269 |
| Freezing tolerance and low molecular weight cryoprotectants in an invasive parasitic fly, the deer ked (Lipoptena cervi). | Insect cold hardiness is often mediated by low molecular weight cryoprotectants, such as sugars, polyols, and amino acids (AA). While many free-living northern insects must cope with extended periods of freezing ambient temperatures (T(a) ), the ectoparasitic deer ked Lipoptena cervi imago can encounter subfreezing T(a) only during a short autumnal period between hatching and host location. Subsequently, it benefits from the body temperature of the cervid host for survival in winter. This study ... | 2012 | 22076947 |
| vertical transmission of bartonella schoenbuchensis in lipoptena cervi. | lipoptena cervi (diptera: hippoboscidae) is a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids, which is considered to transmit pathogens between animals and occasionally to humans. the principal life stage that is able to parasitize new hosts is a winged ked that just emerged from a pupa. to facilitate efficient transmission of pathogens between hosts, vertical transmission from female deer keds to their offspring is necessary. we investigated vertical transmission of several vector-borne pathogens associ ... | 2015 | 25889985 |
| genome sequence of candidatus arsenophonus lipopteni, the exclusive symbiont of a blood sucking fly lipoptena cervi (diptera: hippoboscidae). | candidatus arsenophonus lipopteni (enterobacteriaceae, gammaproteobacteria) is an obligate intracellular symbiont of the blood feeding deer ked, lipoptena cervi (diptera: hippoboscidae). the bacteria reside in specialized cells derived from host gut epithelia (bacteriocytes) forming a compact symbiotic organ (bacteriome). compared to the closely related complex symbiotic system in the sheep ked, involving four bacterial species, lipoptena cervi appears to maintain its symbiosis exclusively with ... | 2016 | 27660670 |
| bartonella infections in deer keds (lipoptena cervi) and moose (alces alces) in norway. | infections with bartonella spp. have been recognized as emerging zoonotic diseases in humans. large knowledge gaps exist, however, relating to reservoirs, vectors, and transmission of these bacteria. we describe identification by culture, pcr, and housekeeping gene sequencing of bartonella spp. in fed, wingless deer keds (lipoptena cervi), deer ked pupae, and blood samples collected from moose, alces alces, sampled within the deer ked distribution range in norway. direct sequencing from moose bl ... | 2012 | 23104416 |
| factors affecting deer ked (lipoptena cervi) prevalence and infestation intensity in moose (alces alces) in norway. | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi), a hematophagous ectoparasite of cervids, is currently spreading in scandinavia. in norway, keds are now invading the south-eastern part of the country and the abundant and widely distributed moose (alces alces) is the definitive host. however, key factors for ked abundance are poorly elucidated. the objectives of our study were to (i) determine deer ked infestation prevalence and intensity on moose and (ii) evaluate if habitat characteristics and moose population ... | 2012 | 23146387 |
| detection of lyme disease and anaplasmosis pathogens via pcr in pennsylvania deer ked. | borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum are obligate intracellular parasites that maintain their life cycles in enzoonotic vector-host cycles with ixodes scapularis as a vector. in addition to ticks, the hosts are commonly infested with insects from the hippoboscidae family. this study confirms the presence of b. burgdorferi and a. phagocytophilum in deer keds (lipoptena cervi) removed from white-tailed deer using pcr. detection of these pathogens in deer ked represents a potential no ... | 2016 | 27860010 |
| the parasitic fauna of the european bison (bison bonasus) (linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. part 1. the summarising list of parasites noted. | during the current century, 88 species of parasites have been recorded in bison bonasus. these are 22 species of protozoa (trypanosoma wrublewskii, t. theileri, giardia sp., sarcocystis cruzi, s. hirsuta, s. hominis, s. fusiformis, neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium sp., eimeria cylindrica, e. subspherica, e. bovis, e. zuernii, e. canadensis, e. ellipsoidalis, e. alabamensis, e. bukidnonensis, e. auburnensis, e. pellita, e. brasiliensis, babesia divergens), 4 trematodes species ... | 2014 | 25119348 |
| detection of rickettsia helvetica in ixodes ricinus infesting wild and domestic animals and in a botfly larva (cephenemyia stimulator) infesting roe deer in germany. | ixodes ricinus is a well-known vector of different human pathogens including rickettsia helvetica. the role of wild mammals in the distribution and probable maintenance of rickettsia in nature is still to be determined. we therefore investigated various parasites from different wild mammals as well as companion animals for the presence of rickettsia. a total of 606 i. ricinus, 38 cephenemyia stimulator (botfly larvae), one dermacentor reticulatus, 24 haematopinus suis (hog lice) and 30 lipoptena ... | 2016 | 27430966 |
| geographic distribution and molecular diversity of bartonella spp. infections in moose (alces alces) in finland. | moose, alces alces (artiodactyla: cervidae) in finland are heavily infested with deer keds, lipoptena cervi (diptera: hippoboschidae). the deer ked, which carries species of the genus bartonella, has been proposed as a vector for the transmission of bartonellae to animals and humans. previously, bartonella dna was found in deer keds as well as in moose blood collected in finland. we investigated the prevalence and molecular diversity of bartonella spp. infection from blood samples collected from ... | 2016 | 26967131 |
| life stage-related differences in fatty acid composition of an obligate ectoparasite, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi)-influence of blood meals and gender. | metamorphosis and diet often influence fatty acid (fa) signatures (fas) of insects. we investigated fas in a hematophagous ectoparasite, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi). deer keds shed their wings upon attachment on the host and, thus, the fas of an individual blood-fed imago/pupa in the fur of its host can be traced back to the blood fa profile of a single moose (alces alces). host blood and different life stages of deer keds were investigated for fa by gas chromatography. the fas of life stages ... | 2015 | 25223709 |
| invasion rate of deer ked depends on spatiotemporal variation in host density. | invasive parasites are of great global concern. understanding the factors influencing the spread of invading pest species is a first step in developing effective countermeasures. growing empirical evidence suggests that spread rates are essentially influenced by spatiotemporal dynamics of host-parasite interactions, yet approaches modelling spread rate have typically assumed static environmental conditions. we analysed invasion history of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) in finland with a diffusio ... | 2014 | 24521661 |
| salt licks do not increase local densities of the deer ked, lipoptena cervi, an abundant ectoparasite of cervids. | the deer ked, lipoptena cervi (diptera: hippoboscidae), is a common ectoparasite of the moose, alces alces (artiodactyla: cervidae). salt licks are widely used to manipulate moose movements to prevent damage to saplings and traffic accidents. they may cause moose to gather in small areas, which could create aggregates of deer ked pupae as the parasite is a short-distance flyer and its dispersion depends on its hosts. we investigated whether the population density of flying deer keds could be inf ... | 2014 | 24131141 |
| ixodes ricinus infestation in free-ranging cervids in norway--a study based upon ear examinations of hunted animals. | prevalence, abundance and instar composition of ixodes ricinus as found on one ear collected from 1019 moose (alces alces), red deer (cervus elaphus) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus), shot during hunting (august-december) 2001-2003, are reported. the animals originated from 15 coastal municipalities (cm), seven municipalities bordering to coastal municipalities (bcm) and four inland municipalities (im), in norway, between latitudes 58-66° n. i. ricinus occurred endemically in all cm and bcm up ... | 2013 | 23541678 |
| the effects of an abundant ectoparasite, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi), on the health of moose (alces alces) in finland. | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi, diptera, hippoboscidae) is a haematophagous parasitic fly of the moose (alces alces) and other cervids, and it is very common in southern and central parts of finland. the aim of this study was to determine how the intensive parasitism caused by the deer ked affects the health and welfare of the moose. moose blood samples (n = 78) were collected from deer ked-infested and ked-free regions at 62-68° n and analysed for haematology and clinical chemistry. in addition, ... | 2012 | 22645032 |
| summer time predation on the obligatory off-host stage of an invasive ectoparasite. | predation can regulate populations and strongly affect invasion success of novel prey. the deer ked (lipoptena cervi; linnaeus 1758) is an invasive ectoparasite of cervids that spends a long period of its life cycle outside the host. prior to this study, virtually nothing was known about natural summer time predation on the deer ked. we aimed to evaluate the magnitude of summer time predation on l. cervi pupae in different habitats and to identify potential predators. we conducted a set of field ... | 2016 | 27707426 |
| molecular detection of bartonella spp. in deer ked pupae, adult keds and moose blood in finland. | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is a haematophagous ectoparasite of cervids that harbours haemotrophic bartonella. a prerequisite for the vector competence of the deer ked is the vertical transmission of the pathogen from the mother to its progeny and transstadial transmission from pupa to winged adult. we screened 1154 pupae and 59 pools of winged adult deer keds from different areas in finland for bartonella dna using pcr. altogether 13 pupa samples and one winged adult deer ked were positive f ... | 2015 | 24901607 |
| new record of lipoptena fortisetosa (diptera: hippoboscidae) collected from siberian roe deer on jeju island, korea. | lipoptena deer keds (diptera: hippoboscidae) are blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals, and only one species, lipoptena cervi (l.), has previously been reported from the republic of korea. a study of siberian roe deer capreolus pygargus pallas on jeju island, south of the korean mainland, led to the discovery of a second species of deer ked, lipoptena fortisetosa maa, for korea. in total, 518 deer keds were collected from 19 adult and juvenile deer examined from may to october 2012. the infesta ... | 2013 | 24180125 |
| prevalence of keds on city dogs in central poland. | the aim of this study was to identify the species of ked infesting dogs in the cities of central poland. a total of 510 dogs were observed between june and september 2015. the presence of keds was noted in 182 (35.7%) animals. keds were more prevalent in female (38.0%) than in male (33.2%) dogs, and were more frequently found in animals younger than 1 year (46.2%) and in long-haired dogs (36.6%). the body areas most heavily colonized by keds were the groin (35.4%) and neck (21.4%). a total of 90 ... | 2017 | 27859424 |
| molecular detection of bartonella spp. in deer ked (lipoptena cervi) in poland. | the bacteria of the genus bartonella are obligate parasites of vertebrates. their distribution range covers almost the entire world from america, europe, asia to africa and australia. some species of bartonella are pathogenic for humans. their main vectors are blood-sucking arthropods such as fleas, ticks and blood-feeding flies. one such dipteran able to transfer vector-borne pathogens is the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) of the family hippoboscidae. this species acts as a transmitter of bartonell ... | 2017 | 29037227 |
| phenology of deer ked (lipoptena cervi) host-seeking flight activity and its relationship with prevailing autumn weather. | the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) is an ectoparasite on cervids that has invaded large parts of norway, sweden and finland during recent decades. during their host-seeking flight activity, the adult deer keds constitute a considerable nuisance to people and limit human outdoor recreation. the bites of the deer ked can cause long-lasting dermatitis in humans. determining the pattern of flight activity during autumn is hence important. | 2016 | 26897626 |
| passive sinking into the snow as possible survival strategy during the off-host stage in an insect ectoparasite. | abiotic and biotic factors determine success or failure of individual organisms, populations and species. the early life stages are often the most vulnerable to heavy mortality due to environmental conditions. the deer ked (lipoptena cervi linnaeus, 1758) is an invasive insect ectoparasite of cervids that spends an important period of the life cycle outside host as immobile pupa. during winter, dark-coloured pupae drop off the host onto the snow, where they are exposed to environmental temperatu ... | 2015 | 26278048 |
| early-life temperature modifies adult encapsulation response in an invasive ectoparasite. | immunity of parasites has been studied amazingly little, in spite of the fact that parasitic organisms, especially the arthropod parasites, need immunity to survive their own infections to successfully complete life cycles. long-term effects of challenging environmental temperatures on immunity have remained unstudied in insects and parasites. our study species, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi; linnaeus 1758), is an invasive, blood-feeding parasitic fly of cervids. here, it was studied whether the ... | 2015 | 26040308 |
| compound eyes of insects and crustaceans: some examples that show there is still a lot of work left to be done. | similarities and differences between the 2 main kinds of compound eye (apposition and superposition) are briefly explained before several promising topics for research on compound eyes are being introduced. research on the embryology and molecular control of the development of the insect clear-zone eye with superposition optics is one of the suggestions, because almost all of the developmental work on insect eyes in the past has focused on eyes with apposition optics. age- and habitat-related ul ... | 2015 | 24574199 |
| acute impacts of the deer ked (lipoptena cervi) infestation on reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) behaviour. | blood-sucking ectoparasites have often a strong impact on the behaviour of their hosts. the annual insect harassment of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) has increased in the southern part of the finnish reindeer herding area because of the recent invasion of a blood-feeding ectoparasitic louse-fly, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi). we studied the impact of the deer ked on the behaviour of reindeer. twelve reindeer were infested with a total of 300 keds/reindeer on six occasions in a 5-week pe ... | 2014 | 24562815 |
| months of asynchrony in offspring production but synchronous adult emergence: the role of diapause in an ectoparasite's life cycle. | off-host stages of temperate zone ectoparasites must overcome two challenges: coping with unfavorable seasons and synchronizing their life cycles with host availability. in general, little is known about the seasonal cycles of insect ectoparasites of warm-blooded animals. the current study investigates the unusual phenology of a viviparous hippoboscid fly, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi l.), that parasitizes boreal cervids. despite months of asynchrony in offspring production, the adults emerge s ... | 2013 | 24216221 |
| fatty acid modifications during autumnal cold-hardening in an obligatory ectoparasite, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi). | poikilothermic organisms often modify their tissue fatty acids (fa) in response to cold exposure by increased unsaturation. in insects, this has been found to be accompanied by increases in the activities or mrna expression of desaturase enzymes. in the present study, the fa composition of an obligatory ectoparasite, the deer ked (lipoptena cervi), was analyzed in august-november. in addition to studying the general fa profile of the species, the possible contribution of fa to autumnal cold-hard ... | 2013 | 23598052 |
| unexpected seasonal variation in offspring size and performance in a viviparous ectoparasite. | offspring size and performance in invertebrates often decrease with maternal age or as a response to seasonal environment. in viviparous ectoparasites maternal provision may wholly determine offspring performance outside the host. the viviparous deer ked (lipoptena cervi), an ectoparasite of cervids, breeds from autumn to spring. we reared deer ked pupae through the reproductive period to investigate whether offspring size and performance vary according to maternal age and offspring environment. ... | 2013 | 23057988 |
| high cold tolerance through four seasons and all free-living stages in an ectoparasite. | off-host stages of temperate parasites must cope with low temperatures. cold tolerance is often highest in winter, as a result of diapause and cold acclimation, and low during the active summer stages. in some blood-feeding ectoparasites, offspring provisioning determines cold tolerance through all the non-feeding, off-host stages. large size increases survival in the cold, but so far seasonal variation in within-female offspring size has not been associated with offspring cold tolerance. the de ... | 2012 | 22313619 |