| simple extraction and bioassay of the female sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri. | | 1976 | 1252040 |
| cloning and expression of drosophila hp1 homologs from a mealybug, planococcus citri. | the mealybug chromosome cycle is one of the most dramatic examples of genomic imprinting known. in embryos that are to become male the entire paternal chromosome set becomes heterochromatic and inactive at the blastoderm stage, while the maternal set remains active and euchromatic. hp1 is a protein from drosophila melanogaster, which binds preferentially to heterochromatin on polytene chromosomes and is likely to be a modifier of position effect variegation. this paper describes the isolation an ... | 1992 | 1629256 |
| differential dna synthesis in heterochromatic and euchromatic chromosome sets of planococcus citri. | | 1970 | 4104058 |
| [studies on the filter-chamber of planococcus citri risso (insecta, homoptera). histochemistry and ultrastructure (author's transl)]. | | 1973 | 4359268 |
| endomitosis in the mealy bug, planococcus citri (homoptera: coccoidea). | | 1968 | 5722739 |
| correlation between phosphorylated h1 histone and condensed chromatin in planococcus citri. | histones of the mealybug planococcus citri have been isolated and characterised. although no major differences were observed between the core histones of male and female insects, the pattern of h1 histones was significantly different between the sexes. a specific hyperphosphorylated h1 was found to be present only in male mealybugs, where the paternal chromosomes are condensed and transcriptionally inactive. | 1983 | 6628682 |
| coffea arabica l., a new host plant for acetobacter diazotrophicus, and isolation of other nitrogen-fixing acetobacteria. | acetobacter diazotrophicus was isolated from coffee plant tissues and from rhizosphere soils. isolation frequencies ranged from 15 to 40% and were dependent on soil ph. attempts to isolate this bacterial species from coffee fruit, from inside vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spores, or from mealybugs (planococcus citri) associated with coffee plants were not successful. other acid-producing diazotrophic bacteria were recovered with frequencies of 20% from the coffee rhizosphere. these n2-f ... | 1997 | 9293018 |
| [sensitization and allergic pathology in a group of workers employed in insect breeding for biological pest control]. | on the basis of the results of a previous study and immuno-allergological tests, a group of workers employed in breeding insects for biological pest control were studied to ascertain whether any new sensitizations to arthropods recently included in the work cycle occurred and whether any new allergic diseases were observed. the results confirmed a high sensitization to ephestia kuehniella and to orius, the latter probably due to contamination; sensitization to tetranicus urticae and to planococc ... | 1997 | 9379990 |
| the relationship between dna methylation and chromosome imprinting in the coccid planococcus citri. | the phenomenon of chromosome, or genomic, imprinting indicates the relevance of parental origin in determining functional differences between alleles, homologous chromosomes, or haploid sets. in mealybug males (homoptera, coccoidea), the haploid set of paternal origin undergoes heterochromatization at midcleavage and remains so in most of the tissues. this different behavior of the two haploid sets, which depends on their parental origin, represents one of the most striking examples of chromosom ... | 1999 | 10101170 |
| cytosine methylation is not involved in the heterochromatization of the paternal genome of mealybug planococcus citri. | | 1999 | 10219735 |
| hot water treatment and insecticidal coatings for disinfesting limes of mealybugs (homoptera: pseudococcidae). | hot water immersion and insecticidal coatings were tested to determine if they could be used to disinfest persian limes, citrus latifolia tanaka, of the mealybug pests planococcus citri risso and pseudococcus odermatti miller & williams. a 20-min 49 degrees c hot water immersion treatment is effective in killing mealybugs and all other arthropods tested found externally on limes, or under the calyx. no insects or mites were found to survive after the 20-min hot water treatment. in this test, 7,2 ... | 2000 | 10902365 |
| influence of egg load and oviposition time interval on the host discrimination and offspring survival of anagyrus pseudococci (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), a solitary endoparasitoid of citrus mealybug, ++planococcus citri (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | oviposition and host discrimination behaviour of unmated anagyrus pseudococci (girault), an endoparasitoid of the citrus mealybug planococcus citri (risso), were investigated in the laboratory. female parasitoids were able to discriminate between parasitized hosts and healthy ones. the mean number of ovipositions was significantly higher in unparasitized than in parasitized hosts. conspecific-superparasitism occurred more often than self-superparasitism. changes in consecutive ovipositions over ... | 2000 | 10948366 |
| involvement of histone h4 acetylation in the epigenetic inheritance of different activity states of maternally and paternally derived genomes in the mealybug planococcus citri. | modification of histones by acetylation is a well-known mechanism for the establishment and maintenance of specific chromatin structures with different activity states. in planococcus citri males the paternal genome, early in development, becomes mostly inactive and heterochromatic. as we had not found methylation in the genome of p. citri, we analyzed the acetylation state of histone h4. we report here that, in males, differences in the level of histone h4 acetylation are indeed present in the ... | 2001 | 11453559 |
| facultative heterochromatization in parahaploid male mealybugs: involvement of a heterochromatin-associated protein. | the behavior of chromosomes during development of the mealybug planococcus citri provides one of the most dramatic examples of facultative heterochromatization. in male embryos, the entire haploid paternal chromosome set becomes heterochromatic at mid-cleavage. male mealybugs are thus functionally haploid, owing to heterochromatization (parahaploidy). to understand the mechanisms underlying facultative heterochromatization in male mealybugs, we have investigated the possible involvement of an hp ... | 2001 | 11585806 |
| genetic characterization of a putative densovirus from the mealybug planococcus citri. | total genomic dna preparations from the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri, contained a dna band corresponding to 5.5 kilobases. this dna was a linear molecule and was cloned into puc18. nucleotide sequence determination indicated that it was the replicative form of a densovirus, most closely related to the virus from periplaneta fuliginosa (smokybrown cockroach). | 2001 | 11685517 |
| natural enemies of three mealybug species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) found on citrus and effects of some insecticides on the mealybug parasitoid coccidoxenoides peregrinus (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) in south africa. | the population density of mealybug species in some south african citrus orchards has increased to pest status in recent years. the characterization of the natural enemy complex and quantification of their contribution to the control of planococcus citri (risso), pseudococcus longispinus (targioni-tozzetti) and pseudococcus calceolariae (maskell) on citrus limon (l.) and citrus reticulata (blanco) was investigated through intensive sampling. eight primary and four secondary parasitoids, and two p ... | 2003 | 12762866 |
| triple coitus in the mealy bug, planococcus citri (risso). | | 1959 | 13632773 |
| a study of sex predetermination in the mealy bug planococcus citri (risso). | | 1960 | 13728321 |
| inverse meiosis in triploid females of the mealy bug, planococcus citri. | | 1962 | 14020020 |
| the effects of radiation damaged heterochromatic chromosomes on male fertility in the mealy bug, planococcus citri (risso). | | 1962 | 14478958 |
| identification of a sex pheromone component of pseudococcus cryptus. | a sex pheromone component of pseudococcus cryptus has been isolated and identified. the crude pheromone extract obtained by airborne collection was fractionated by liquid chromatography (lc) on florisil, and further purified by high performance liquid chromatography and preparative gas chromatography (gc). the pheromone component was shown to be an ester, the alcohol part of which was identical to the known alcohol moiety of the pheromone of planococcus citri. the chemical structure was determin ... | 2003 | 14682507 |
| dna methylation in insects. | cytosine dna methylation has been demonstrated in numerous eukaryotic organisms and has been shown to play an important role in human disease. the function of dna methylation has been studied extensively in vertebrates, but establishing its primary role has proved difficult and controversial. analysing methylation in insects has indicated an apparent functional diversity that seems to argue against a strict functional conservation. to investigate this hypothesis, we here assess the data reported ... | 2004 | 15056357 |
| synthesis of the female sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri. | the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso) is a common pest in the southern u. s. and the mediterranean. two alternative syntheses of the female sex pheromone, (1r)-(+)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-isopropenyl-cyclobutane methanol acetate, have been developed. key transformations include an allylic oxidation of (1r)-(+)-alpha-pinene to (+)-r-verbenone, oxidative decarboxylation using rucl(3)-naio(4), and methylenation with zn/ch(2)br(2)/ticl(4). | 2004 | 15137832 |
| sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug planococcus citri: synthesis and optimization of trap parameters. | a simple synthesis of the pheromone of the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), has been developed. various factors affecting capture of males have been assessed to optimize the trap design and to develop a lure with high efficacy and longevity. male capture was the same with the racemic and chiral pheromone; technical pheromone (85% purity) was statistically as attractive as pure pheromone (97%). a special formulation was used to determine the actual release r ... | 2004 | 15154456 |
| effects of insect growth regulators on citrus mealybug parasitoid leptomastix dactylopii (hymenoptera: encyrtidae). | in this study, we measured the effects of three commonly used insecticides classified as insect growth regulators, on the encyrtid parasitoid leptomastix dactylopii (howard) when parasitizing citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso). kinoprene, pyriproxyfen, and azadirachtin were evaluated in both petri dish and a cage experiment at label-recommended rates to measure their effects on the mortality, parasitization rate, and sex ratio of l. dactylopii. insecticides were applied to petri dishes a ... | 2004 | 15384332 |
| germline cyst development and imprinting in male mealybug planococcus citri. | in the epigenetic modifications involved in the phenomenon of imprinting, which is thought to take place during gametogenesis, one of the primary roles is exerted by histone tail modifications acting on chromatin structure. what is more, in insects like mealybugs, with a lecanoid chromosome system, imprinting is strictly related to sex determination. in many diverse species gametes originate in specific, highly evolutionarily conserved structures called germline cysts. the use of staining techni ... | 2004 | 15503092 |
| characterisation of banana streak mysore virus and evidence that its dna is integrated in the b genome of cultivated musa. | we have sequenced the complete genome of an isolate of banana streak virus from banana cv. 'mysore' and show that it is sufficiently different from a previously characterised isolate from cv. 'obino l'ewai' to warrant recognition as a distinct species, for which the name banana streak mysore virus (bsmysv) is proposed. the structure of the bsmysv genome was typical of badnaviruses in general, although orf i had a non-conventional start codon. evidence that at least part of the bsmysv genome is i ... | 2005 | 15785970 |
| mode of action of a novel nonchemical method of insect control: atmospheric pressure plasma discharge. | atmospheric pressure plasma discharge (appd) has been applied to a number of industrial applications, including the bacterial sterilization of medical equipment of bacteria. appd may also have applications in insect control. a positive correlation was found between exposure time to appd and mortality of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande); tobacco thrips, frankliniella fusca (hinds); asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse); twospotted spider mite, tetranychus urti ... | 2006 | 16573321 |
| enumerative and binomial sampling plans for citrus mealybug (homoptera: pseudococcidae) in citrus groves. | the spatial distribution of the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso) (homoptera: pseudococcidae), was studied in citrus groves in northeastern spain. constant precision sampling plans were designed for all developmental stages of citrus mealybug under the fruit calyx, for late stages on fruit, and for females on trunks and main branches; more than 66, 286, and 101 data sets, respectively, were collected from nine commercial fields during 1992-1998. dispersion parameters were determined usi ... | 2006 | 16813342 |
| effect of insecticides on mealybug destroyer (coleoptera: coccinellidae) and parasitoid leptomastix dactylopii (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), natural enemies of citrus mealybug (homoptera: pseudococcidae). | in this study, we measured, under laboratory conditions, the direct and indirect effects of insecticides on mealybug destroyer, cryptolaemus montrouzieri mulsant (coleoptera: coccinellidae), and parasitoid leptomastix dactylopii howard (hymenoptera: encyrtidae), natural enemies of citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso) (homoptera: pseudococcidae). the adult stages of both natural enemies were exposed to sprays of the insecticides buprofezin, pyriproxyfen, flonicamid, acetamiprid, dinotefuran ... | 2006 | 17066788 |
| hp2-like protein: a new piece of the facultative heterochromatin puzzle. | in drosophila melanogaster, the two chromosomal proteins hp1 and hp2 colocalize on heterochromatic and euchromatic sites in polytene chromosomes. mutations in the hp2 gene act as dominant suppressors of position effect variegation, demonstrating a role for hp2 in the formation or maintenance of heterochromatin. in this paper, we investigated whether a putative homolog of the d. melanogaster hp2 is involved in the facultative heterochromatinization process in mealybugs. using an antibody raised a ... | 2007 | 17297601 |
| epigenetic regulation of facultative heterochromatinisation in planococcus citri via the me(3)k9h3-hp1-me(3)k20h4 pathway. | using rna interference (rnai) we have conducted a functional analysis of the hp1-like chromobox gene pchet2 during embryogenesis of the mealybug planococcus citri. knocking down pchet2 expression results in decondensation of the male-specific chromocenter that normally arises from the developmentally-regulated facultative heterochromatinisation of the paternal chromosome complement. together with the disappearance of the chromocenter the staining levels of two associated histone modifications, t ... | 2007 | 17327272 |
| activity of an essential oil derived from chenopodium ambrosioides on greenhouse insect pests. | this study involved both greenhouse and laboratory experiments evaluating the effect of an essential oil product (qrd 400) derived from chenopodium ambrosioides variety nr. ambrosioides l. (chenopodiaceae) on greenhouse insect pests that feed on different plant parts: citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso); longtailed mealybug, pseudococcus longispinus (targioni tozzetti); western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and fungus gnats (bradysia spp.). treatments were applied ... | 2007 | 17461071 |
| a multiplex pcr assay for the simultaneous identification of three mealybug species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | molecular species identification is becoming more wide-spread in diagnostics and ecological studies, particularly with regard to insects for which morphological identification is difficult or time-consuming. in this study, we describe the development and application of a single-step multiplex pcr for the identification of three mealybug species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) associated with grapevine in south africa: planococcus ficus (vine mealybug), planococcus citri (citrus mealybug) and pseudoc ... | 2008 | 18076775 |
| effects of temperature and molecular oxygen on the use of atmospheric pressure plasma as a novel method for insect control. | helium atmospheric pressure plasma discharge (appd) was previously shown to have insecticidal activity with a possible site of action on the insect nervous, neuromuscular system, or both. in the current study, methods to increase the insecticidal activity of plasma by using increased appd temperature and the introduction of molecular oxygen were investigated for the first time. an increase in the helium plasma temperature from 37 to 50 degrees c increased the insecticidal activity of plasma for ... | 2008 | 18459392 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method to distinguish three mealybug groups within the planococcus citri-p. minor species complex (hemiptera: coccoidea: pseudococcidae). | the mealybug species planococcus citri (risso) and planococcus minor (maskell) (hemiptera: coccoidea: pseudococcidae) have special significance to u.s. quarantine and u.s. agriculture. commonly intercepted at u.s. ports-of-entry, they are difficult to identify based on morphological characters. this study presents a molecular method for distinguishing p. citri, p. minor, and a genetically distinct group that is morphologically identical to p. citri, from hawaii. this method uses polymerase chain ... | 2009 | 19253611 |
| epigenetic marks for chromosome imprinting during spermatogenesis in coccids. | the establishment of sex-specific epigenetic marks during gametogenesis is one of the key feature of genomic imprinting. by immunocytological analysis, we thoroughly characterized the chromatin remodeling events that take place during gametogenesis in the mealybug planococcus citri, in which an entire haploid set of (imprinted) chromosomes undergoes facultative heterochromatinization in male embryos. building on our previous work, we have investigated the interplay of several epigenetic marks in ... | 2009 | 19458957 |
| the amount of heterochromatic proteins in the egg is correlated with sex determination in planococcus citri (homoptera, coccoidea). | in the mealybug planococcus citri, there are no identifiable sex chromosomes. early in the development of embryos destined to become males, the genome contributed by the sperm undergoes heterochromatization and, following an inverted type of meiosis, will be eliminated. only two vital sperms are therefore produced, both carrying the same maternally derived genome. a differential distribution observed on the two spermatids during male germline cyst formation of chromatin remodeling factors such a ... | 2009 | 19636581 |
| effect of commercially available plant-derived essential oil products on arthropod pests. | plant-derived essential oil products, in general, are considered minimum-risk pesticides and are exempt from environmental protection agency registration under section 25(b) of the federal insecticide fungicide and rodenticide act. however, many of the plant-derived essential products available to consumers (homeowners) have not been judiciously evaluated for both efficacy and plant safety. in fact, numerous plant-derived essential oil products labeled for control of arthropod pests have not bee ... | 2009 | 19736770 |
| effect of silicon-based fertilizer applications on the reproduction and development of the citrus mealybug (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) feeding on green coleus. | mealybugs are major insect pests of greenhouses, interiorscapes, and conservatories because they feed on a wide-range of horticultural crops. furthermore, mealybugs are difficult to regulate with insecticides due to the presence of a nearly impervious protective waxy covering, which means that alternative management strategies are required. as such, this study, involving two replicated experiments, was designed to determine the value of applying silicon-based fertilizers, as potassium silicate, ... | 2009 | 20069849 |
| biological control of citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso) using coccinellid predator, cryptolaemus montrouzieri muls. | the coccinellid predator, cryptolaemus montrouzieri mulsant (coleoptera: coccinellidae) was used to control the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso) (homoptera: pseudococcidae) on the croton ornamental shrubs, codiaeum variegatum l. at giza governorate, egypt. cryptolaemus montrouzieri mulsant, 50 adults/croton shrub, were released once on october 27, 2008 in the open field. obtained results indicated that percentages of reduction among the egg masses, nymphs and adults of p. citri, one mo ... | 2010 | 20464943 |
| citrus mealybug (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) movement and population dynamics in an arbor-trained vineyard. | the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), is the main grapevine pest in vineyards in some countries, such as spain and brazil. in galician vineyards (northwestern spain), mealybug population levels are low because the accumulated degree-days are lower than in other grapevine-growing areas. the main problem caused by mealybugs is the transmission of viruses, even at low infestation levels. the active period of citrus mealybug in the study vineyard lasted from jul ... | 2010 | 20568606 |
| pesticides' influence on wine fermentation. | wine quality strongly depends on the grape quality. to obtain high-quality wines, it is necessary to process healthy grapes at the correct ripeness stage and for this reason the farmer has to be especially careful in the prevention of parasite attacks on the grapevine. the most common fungal diseases affecting grape quality are downy and powdery mildew (plasmopara viticola and uncinula necator), and gray mold (botrytis cinerea). on the other hand, the most dangerous insects are the grape moth (l ... | 2010 | 20610173 |
| pheromone-baited traps for assessment of seasonal activity and population densities of mealybug species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in nurseries producing ornamental plants. | operational parameters of traps baited with the pheromones of three mealybug species were optimized in nurseries producing ornamental plants. all pheromone doses (1-320 microg) attracted pseudococcus longispinus (targioni tozzetti) and pseudococcus viburni (signoret) males, with the lowest dose (1 microg) attracting the fewest males for both species. doses of 3.2-100 microg were as attractive to male p. longispinus as the highest dose (320 microg); doses from 10 to 320 microg were equally attrac ... | 2011 | 21510204 |
| temperature, age of mating and starvation determine the role of maternal effects on sex allocation in the mealybug planococcus citri. | environmental effects on sex allocation are common, yet the evolutionary significance of these effects remains poorly understood. environmental effects might influence parents, such that their condition directly influences sex allocation by altering the relative benefits of producing sons versus daughters. alternatively, the environment might influence the offspring themselves, such that the conditions they find themselves in influence their contribution to parental fitness. in both cases, paren ... | 2011 | 21625649 |
| an interdependent metabolic patchwork in the nested symbiosis of mealybugs. | highly reduced genomes of 144-416 kilobases have been described from nutrient-provisioning bacterial symbionts of several insect lineages [1-5]. some host insects have formed stable associations with pairs of bacterial symbionts that live in specialized cells and provide them with essential nutrients; genomic data from these systems have revealed remarkable levels of metabolic complementarity between the symbiont pairs [3, 4, 6, 7]. the mealybug planococcus citri (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) cont ... | 2011 | 21835622 |
| complete genome sequence of "candidatus tremblaya princeps" strain pcval, an intriguing translational machine below the living-cell status. | the sequence of the genome of "candidatus tremblaya princeps" strain pcval, the primary endosymbiont of the citrus mealybug planococcus citri, has been determined. "ca. tremblaya princeps" presents an unusual nested endosymbiosis and harbors a gammaproteobacterial symbiont within its cytoplasm in all analyzed mealybugs. the genome sequence reveals that "ca. tremblaya princeps" cannot be considered an independent organism but that the consortium with its gammaproteobacterial symbiotic associate r ... | 2011 | 21914892 |
| development of a multiplex pcr for identification of vineyard mealybugs. | a simple molecular tool was developed and tested to identify seven mealybug species found in north american vineyards: pseudococcus maritimus ehrhorn, pseudococcus viburni (signoret), pseudococcus longispinus (targioni-tozzeti), pseudococcus calceolariae (maskell), planococcus ficus (signoret), planococcus citri (risso), and ferrisia gilli gullan. the developed multiplex pcr is based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit one gene. in tests, this single-step multiplex pcr correctly i ... | 2011 | 22217778 |
| how does tremblaya princeps get essential proteins from its nested partner moranella endobia in the mealybug planoccocus citri? | many insects maintain intracellular mutualistic symbiosis with a wide range of bacteria which are considered essential for their survival (primary or p-endosymbiont) and typically suffer drastic genome degradation. progressive loss of p-endosymbiont metabolic capabilities could lead to the recruitment of co-existent facultative endosymbiont (secondary or s-endosymbiont), thus adding more complexity to the symbiotic system. planococcus citri, among other mealybug species, harbors an unconventiona ... | 2013 | 24204799 |
| mealybugs nested endosymbiosis: going into the 'matryoshka' system in planococcus citri in depth. | in all branches of life there are plenty of symbiotic associations. insects are particularly well suited to establishing intracellular symbiosis with bacteria, providing them with metabolic capabilities they lack. essential primary endosymbionts can coexist with facultative secondary symbionts which can, eventually, establish metabolic complementation with the primary endosymbiont, becoming a co-primary. usually, both endosymbionts maintain their cellular identity. an exception is the endosymbio ... | 2013 | 23548081 |
| the link between independent acquisition of intracellular gamma-endosymbionts and concerted evolution in tremblaya princeps. | many insect species establish mutualistic symbiosis with intracellular bacteria that complement their unbalanced diets. the betaproteobacterium "candidatus tremblaya" maintains an ancient symbiosis with mealybugs (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), which are classified in subfamilies phenacoccinae and pseudococcinae. most phenacoccinae mealybugs have "candidatus tremblaya phenacola" as their unique endosymbiont, while most pseudococcinae mealybugs show a nested symbiosis (a bacterial symbiont placed in ... | 2015 | 26161080 |
| molecular evidence for ongoing complementarity and horizontal gene transfer in endosymbiotic systems of mealybugs. | intracellular bacterial supply of essential amino acids is common among sap-feeding insects, thus complementing the scarcity of nitrogenous compounds in plant phloem. this is also the role of the two mealybug endosymbiotic systems whose genomes have been sequenced. in the nested endosymbiotic system from planococcus citri (pseudococcinae), "candidatus tremblaya princeps" and "candidatus moranella endobia" cooperate to synthesize essential amino acids, while in phenacoccus avenae (phenacoccinae) ... | 2014 | 25206351 |
| use of recombinant tobacco mosaic virus to achieve rna interference in plants against the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri, is an important plant pest with a very broad plant host range. p. citri is a phloem feeder and loss of plant vigor and stunting are characteristic symptoms induced on a range of host plants, but p. citri also reduces fruit quality and causes fruit drop leading to significant yield reductions. better strategies for managing this pest are greatly needed. rna interference (rnai) is an emerging tool for functional genomics studies and is being investigated as ... | 2013 | 24040013 |
| house fly (musca domestica l.) attraction to insect honeydew. | house flies are of major concern as vectors of food-borne pathogens to food crops. house flies are common pests on cattle feedlots and dairies, where they develop in and feed on animal waste. by contacting animal waste, house flies can acquire human pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli and salmonella spp., in addition to other bacteria, viruses, or parasites that may infect humans and animals. the subsequent dispersal of house flies from animal facilities to nearby agricultural fields co ... | 2015 | 25970333 |
| evaluation of efficacy of 18 strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida) against planococcus citri (risso, 1813) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) under laboratory conditions. | planococcus citri (risso, 1813) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) is an important plant virus vector in grapevine crops in brazil and other countries. the mealybug grows in roots and leaves of the grapes. entomopathogenic nematodes (epns) are efficient control agents against insects associated to the soil and could be applied with the same equipment used for chemical insecticides. the aim of this study was to select effective epns for controlling p. citri females in laboratory conditions (25±1°c, ur 6 ... | 2013 | 23458234 |
| evolutionary conservation of candidate osmoregulation genes in plant phloem sap-feeding insects. | the high osmotic pressure generated by sugars in plant phloem sap is reduced in phloem-feeding aphids by sugar transformations and facilitated water flux in the gut. the genes mediating these osmoregulatory functions have been identified and validated empirically in the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum: sucrase 1 (suc1), a sucrase in glycoside hydrolase family 13 (gh13), and aquaporin 1 (aqp1), a member of the drosophila integral protein (drip) family of aquaporins. here, we describe molecular anal ... | 2016 | 26896054 |
| dynamic recruitment of amino acid transporters to the insect/symbiont interface. | symbiosis is well known to influence bacterial symbiont genome evolution and has recently been shown to shape eukaryotic host genomes. intriguing patterns of host genome evolution, including remarkable numbers of gene duplications, have been observed in the pea aphid, a sap-feeding insect that relies on a bacterial endosymbiont for amino acid provisioning. previously, we proposed that gene duplication has been important for the evolution of symbiosis based on aphid-specific gene duplication in a ... | 2014 | 24528556 |
| interactions of light intensity, insecticide concentration, and time on the efficacy of systemic insecticides in suppressing populations of the sweetpotato whitefly (hemiptera: aleyrodidae) and the citrus mealybug (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | the impact of light intensity on the uptake and persistence of the systemic neonicotinoid insecticides, imidacloprid and dinotefuran, were evaluated in poinsettia (euphorbia pulcherrima willd.) and yellow sage (lantana camara l.). insecticide residues were measured in leaves sampled from the treated plants at four time intervals after treatment to determine the relationship between insecticide concentration and efficacy against two insect pests: sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci gennadius, an ... | 2012 | 22606821 |
| an artificial diet containing plant pollen for the mealybug predator cryptolaemus montrouzieri. | the specialist predatory ladybird cryptolaemus montrouzieri is an effective natural enemy of mealybugs and plays a key role in the biological control of these pests. however, its mass production is complicated by the dependence on parallel cultures of mealybugs or the need for ephestia kuehniella eggs as an expensive factitious prey. | 2017 | 27146580 |
| a combination treatment using ethyl formate and phosphine to control planococcus citri (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) on pineapples. | citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (risso), is a known quarantine pest that is difficult to control with phosphine (ph3) or low concentrations of ethyl formate (ef), particularly at low temperatures. methyl bromide (mb) is a fumigant used for quarantine and preshipment (qps) that can eradicate target pests with short fumigation periods. however, mb, which is an ozone-depleting substance, is scheduled to be phased out in south korea over the next decade. there is no ideal alternative fumigant to ... | 0 | 27986937 |
| repeated replacement of an intrabacterial symbiont in the tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis. | stable endosymbiosis of a bacterium into a host cell promotes cellular and genomic complexity. the mealybug planococcus citri has two bacterial endosymbionts with an unusual nested arrangement: the γ-proteobacterium moranella endobia lives in the cytoplasm of the β-proteobacterium tremblaya princeps these two bacteria, along with genes horizontally transferred from other bacteria to the p. citri genome, encode gene sets that form an interdependent metabolic patchwork. here, we test the stability ... | 2016 | 27573819 |
| heritability of symbiont density reveals distinct regulatory mechanisms in a tripartite symbiosis. | beneficial eukaryotic-bacterial partnerships are integral to animal and plant evolution. understanding the density regulation mechanisms behind bacterial symbiosis is essential to elucidating the functional balance between hosts and symbionts. citrus mealybugs, planococcus citri (risso), present an excellent model system for investigating the mechanisms of symbiont density regulation. they contain two obligate nutritional symbionts, moranella endobia, which resides inside tremblaya princeps, whi ... | 2016 | 27099709 |
| horizontal gene transfer from diverse bacteria to an insect genome enables a tripartite nested mealybug symbiosis. | the smallest reported bacterial genome belongs to tremblaya princeps, a symbiont of planococcus citri mealybugs (pcit). tremblaya pcit not only has a 139 kb genome, but possesses its own bacterial endosymbiont, moranella endobia. genome and transcriptome sequencing, including genome sequencing from a tremblaya lineage lacking intracellular bacteria, reveals that the extreme genomic degeneracy of tremblaya pcit likely resulted from acquiring moranella as an endosymbiont. in addition, at least 22 ... | 2013 | 23791183 |
| identification of mealybug pest species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in egypt and france, using a dna barcoding approach. | pseudococcidae (mealybugs) is a large taxonomic group, including a number of agronomic pests. taxonomic identification of mealybug species is a recurrent problem and represents a major barrier to the establishment of adequate pest management strategies. we combined molecular analysis of three dna markers (28s-d2, cytochrome oxidase i and internal transcribed spacer 2) with morphological examination, for the identification of 176 specimens collected from 40 mealybug populations infesting various ... | 2012 | 22360997 |
| molecular and morphological identification of mealybug species (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in brazilian vineyards. | mealybugs (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) are pests constraining the international trade of brazilian table grapes. they damage grapes by transmitting viruses and toxins, causing defoliation, chlorosis, and vigor losses and favoring the development of sooty mold. difficulties in mealybug identification remain an obstacle to the adequate management of these pests. in this study, our primary aim was to identify the principal mealybug species infesting the major table grape-producing regions in brazil, ... | 2014 | 25062012 |
| quarantine treatments of imported nursery plants and exported cut flowers by phosphine gas (ph3) as methyl bromide alternative. | quarantine treatments by phosphine (ph3) gas have been performed to replace methyl bromide (mebr) for export cut flowers and imported nursery plant in korea. in this preliminary study, two dominant insect pests of cut flowers, tetranychus urticae koch and frankliniella occidentalis pergande, and the dominant insect pest of nursery plants, planococcus citri risso, were used to certify optimum concentration and fumigation time, along with evaluation of phytotoxic damages. to validate the results o ... | 2016 | 27986936 |
| insecticidal effects of plasma treated water. | the efficacy of plasma-treated tap water (ptw) for the possible treatment of a mealybug (planococcus citri) infestation was studied under laboratory conditions. mealybugs growing on nerium oleander have been treated using ptw after being transferred to petri dishes, thus avoiding possible buffering effects that might occur in an in-situ study. when treating tap water with a dielectric barrier discharge for several minutes (1, 3, 5 and 10 min) a distinct acidification of the water can be determin ... | 2017 | 29186877 |
| convergent patterns in the evolution of mealybug symbioses involving different intrabacterial symbionts. | mealybugs (insecta: hemiptera: pseudococcidae) maintain obligatory relationships with bacterial symbionts, which provide essential nutrients to their insect hosts. most pseudococcinae mealybugs harbor a unique symbiosis setup with enlarged betaproteobacterial symbionts ('candidatus tremblaya princeps'), which themselves contain gammaproteobacterial symbionts. here we investigated the symbiosis of the manna mealybug, trabutina mannipara, using a metagenomic approach. phylogenetic analyses reveale ... | 2017 | 27983719 |
| variation in life history traits and transcriptome associated with adaptation to diet shifts in the ladybird cryptolaemus montrouzieri. | despite the broad diet range of many predatory ladybirds, the mechanisms involved in their adaptation to diet shifts are not completely understood. here, we explored how a primarily coccidophagous ladybird cryptolaemus montrouzieri adapts to feeding on aphids. | 2016 | 27067125 |
| mealybug species from chilean agricultural landscapes and main factors influencing the genetic structure of pseudococcus viburni. | the present study aimed to characterize the distribution of mealybug species along chilean agro-ecosystems and to determine the relative impact of host plant, management strategy, geography and micro-environment on shaping the distribution and genetic structure of the obscure mealybug pseudococcus viburni. an extensive survey was completed using dna barcoding methods to identify chilean mealybugs to the species level. moreover, a fine-scale study of ps. viburni genetic diversity and population s ... | 2015 | 26559636 |
| identification of two arginine kinase forms of endoparasitoid leptomastix dactylopii venom by bottom up-sequence tag approach. | leptomastix dactylopii (howard) is an endoparasitoid wasp, natural enemy of mealybug planococcus citri (risso). despite the acquired knowledge regarding this host-parasitoid interaction, only little information is available on the factors of parasitoid origin able to modulate the mealybug physiology. the major alteration observed in p. citri is a strong reduction in fecundity, which is evident soon after parasitization by l. dactylopii or venom injection in unparasitized hosts indicating that th ... | 2015 | 26259659 |
| preparation of mealybugs (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) for genetic characterization and morphological examination. | mealybugs (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) are economically significant agricultural pests on many different crops. because of their small size and lack of easily visible characters for identification, determination of their taxonomic status is difficult and requires technical competency to prepare a slide-mounted specimen. the standard mounting technique does not allow for analysis of the genome of the specimen. conversely, preparatory techniques for genetic analysis of mealybugs cause either loss o ... | 2015 | 26198869 |
| adjuvants to improve aerial control of the citrus mealybug planococcus citri (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes. | the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri, is a highly destructive pest of citrus, occurring only in the aerial parts of plants. humidity will be one of the key factors to consider when using entomopathogenic nematodes (epn) as biological control agents. different adjuvants can be added to suspensions of epns, to improve control as a foliar application. an aqueous suspension containing heterorhabditis zealandica and 0.3% zeba® significantly increased p. citri mortality by 22% at 80% relative humidi ... | 2015 | 25652668 |
| paternal inheritance in mealybugs (hemiptera: coccoidea: pseudococcidae). | mealybugs have a haplodiploid reproduction system, with paternal genome elimination (pge); the males are diploid soon after fertilization, but during embryogenesis, the male paternal set of chromosomes becomes heterochromatic (hc) and therefore inactive. previous studies have suggested that paternal genes can be passed on from mealybug males to their sons, but not necessarily by any son, to the next generation. we employed crosses between two mealybug species--planococcus ficus (signoret) and pl ... | 2014 | 25091548 |
| diel periodicity of pheromone release by females of planococcus citri and planococcus ficus and the temporal flight activity of their conspecific males. | the diel periodicity of sex pheromone release was monitored in two mealybug species, planococcus citri and planococcus ficus (hemiptera; pseudococcidae), using sequential spme/gcms analysis. a maximal release of 2 ng/h pheromone by 9-12-day-old p. citri females occurred 1-2 h before the beginning of photophase. the highest release of pheromone by p. ficus females was 1-2 ng/2 h of 10-20-day-old females, approximately 2 h after the beginning of photophase. mating resulted in termination of the ph ... | 2014 | 24981365 |
| evidence for gene flow between two sympatric mealybug species (insecta; coccoidea; pseudococcidae). | occurrence of inter-species hybrids in natural populations might be evidence of gene flow between species. in the present study we found evidence of gene flow between two sympatric, genetically related scale insect species--the citrus mealybug planococcus citri (risso) and the vine mealybug planococcus ficus (signoret). these species can be distinguished by morphological, behavioral, and molecular traits. we employed the sex pheromones of the two respective species to study their different patte ... | 2014 | 24523894 |
| inter- and intraspecific interactions in two mealybug predators spalgis epius and cryptolaemus montrouzieri in the presence and absence of prey. | spalgis epius and cryptolaemus montrouzieri are the two potential predators of different species of mealybugs. however, the mode of their interactions is not known to use these predators together in the field. hence, we investigated on the possible interactions i.e., cannibalism, intraguild predation (igp) and competition between the predators in the presence and absence of prey planococcus citri. in the presence of prey, no cannibalism and predation were observed in both s. epius and c. montrou ... | 2014 | 24044725 |
| molecular evidence of polyandry in the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | the occurrence of polyandry in planococcuscitri, presumed by earlier observations of mating behavior, was confirmed using microsatellite genotyping of pools of over 400 eggs resulting from controlled crosses of one female with two males. the genetic contribution of both mated males was confirmed in 13 out of 43 crosses. in three crosses it was possible to determine that only the first male fertilized the eggs, which may be due to sperm competition or unviable sperm supply. the microsatellite ana ... | 2013 | 23844173 |
| developing detection and monitoring strategies for planococcus minor (hemiptera: pseudococcidae). | a pheromone-based system to locate and monitor planococcus minor (maskell), a pest of over 250 plants including citrus, grape, and cacao, was tested. the difficulty in distinguishing p. minor from the citrus mealybug, p. citri, makes finding and evaluating the impact of the pest challenging. studies conducted in puerto rico determined that synthetic p. minor pheromone lures preaged 120 d in the field caught similar number of males as lures not aged (fresh). molecular analysis of trapped mealybug ... | 2012 | 23356070 |
| isolation and characterization of fifteen polymorphic microsatellite loci for the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), and cross-amplification in two other mealybug species. | | 2012 | 22932423 |
| potential of south african entomopathogenic nematodes (heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae) for control of the citrus mealybug, planococcus citri (pseudococcidae). | planococcus citri, the citrus mealybug, is the most important species of mealybug known to infest citrus in south africa. various laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the potential of entomopathogenic nematodes to control p. citri. adult female p. citri were screened for susceptibility to six indigenous nematode species. p. citri was found to be most susceptible to steinernema yirgalemense and heterorhabditis zealandica, causing 97% and 91% mortality, respectively. the development of ... | 2012 | 22884676 |
| synthesis of the sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug, pseudococcus cryptus. | the sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug (pseudococcus cryptus), [(1r,3r)-3-isopropenyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl]methyl 3-methyl-3-butenoate, was synthesized from (+)-alpha-pinene in five operational steps in a 43% overall yield. the synthetic pheromone was identical with the natural pheromone in (1)h-nmr and mass spectroscopic properties, and showed almost the same pheromonal activity as the natural pheromone. | 2003 | 14730142 |
| facultative adjustment of the sex ratio in an insect (planococcus citri, pseudococcidae) with paternal genome loss. | | 1996 | 28565583 |
| synthesis and field bioassay of some analogs of sex pheromone of citrus mealybug,planococcus citri (risso). | a series of structural analogs of (s+)-cis-(1r)-3-isopropenyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutanemethanol acetate, sex pheromone of the citrus mealybug,planococcus citri (risso), was synthesized. the analogs were tested in a field bioassay in order to determine the structure-activity relationships of the pheromone. all changes in structure reduced the activity of the test compounds, to various degrees. the most active analog tested was the homolog (+)-cis-(1r)-3-isopropenyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutaneethanol ac ... | 1987 | 24302052 |
| effects of feeding by mealybugs (planococcus citri, homoptera: pseudococcidae) on the growth of colliguaya odorifera seedlings. | | 1984 | 28311652 |