| [genetic and physiological compatibility of different forms of the stem eelworms. v. the crossing of the red clover race with other eelworms]. | reciprocal hybrids between the stem eelworm of the red clover and those of onion, straw berry, parsnip, parsley and narcissus were obtained. observations were conducted on the state of hybrid and control populations within 10 generations. a partial genetic and physiologica incompatibility of crossed forms of stem eelworms which manifests itself to a different extent in various combinations of parental pairs, was revealed. the red clover eelworm is a biological race of the collective species dity ... | 1976 | 940684 |
| carbohydrate-recognition domains on the surface of phytophagous nematodes. | human red blood cells (hrbc) adhered to preparasitic second-stage juveniles (j2) of heterodera avenae, heterodera schachtii, meloidogyne javanica, pratylenchus mediterraneus, rotylenchulus reniformis, and tylenchulus semipenetrans over the entire nematode body. binding was conspicuously confined to the head and tail of longidorus cohni, xiphinema brevicolle, and xiphinema index. binding was ca2+ and mg2+ dependent. in contrast, hrbc did not adhere to anguina tritici, aphelenchoides subtenius, di ... | 1995 | 7895833 |
| tylenchida associated with field crops in tehran and central provinces of iran. | on a survey of plant parasitic nematodes, belonging to the order tylenchida, about 500 soil and root samples were collected from different field crops, such as wheat, barley, tomato, potato, corn, beets, eggplants, cuccumber, melon and also other crops cultivated in tehran and central provinces during 1995-2000. all samples were washed and the nematodes were extracted by centrifugal flotation technique. they were fixed and transferred to glycerin, then permanent slides were mounted. morphologica ... | 2002 | 12696441 |
| dna polymorphism in the stem nematode ditylenchus dipsaci: development of diagnostic markers for normal and giant races. | dna polymorphism in the ditylenchus dipsaci complex was investigated using amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) to determine the relationships among populations growing mainly on vicia faba and to develop diagnostic markers. twenty-two populations of d. dipsaci originating from different geographical areas and one population of ditylenchus myceliophagus were used. aflp proved to be a powerful method to reveal intraspecific polymorphism even within the giant type. the analysis showed a c ... | 2003 | 14663526 |
| cold tolerance of an antarctic nematode that survives intracellular freezing: comparisons with other nematode species. | panagrolaimus davidi is an antarctic nematode with very high levels of cold tolerance. its survival was compared with that of some other nematodes (p. rigidus, rhabditophanes sp., steinernema carpocapsae, panagrellus redivivus and ditylenchus dipsaci) in both unacclimated samples and those acclimated at 5 degrees c. levels of recrystallization inhibition in homogenates were also compared, using the splat-cooling assay. the survival of p. davidi after the freezing of samples was notably higher th ... | 2008 | 17712562 |
| a chemo attractant in onion root exudates recognized by ditylenchus dipsaci in laboratory bioassay. | abstract a quantitative bioassay that translates preferences of axenically cultured and field population of ditylenchus dipsaci, observed in vitro, into relative attractiveness of sterile root exudates preparations and their components is described. onion (allium cepa cv. white lisbon) root exudates (ore) are consistently and significantly much more attractive than the buffer control in all these assays. exudates from oat cv. lodi, mustard cv. albatross and tomato cv. rehovot 13 are significantl ... | 2003 | 18944166 |
| seasonal fluctuations of soil and tissue populations of ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi in alfalfa. | population dynamics of a. ritzemabosi and d. dipsaci were studied in two alfalfa fields in wyoming. symptomatic stem-bud tissue and root-zone soil from alfalfa plants exhibiting symptoms of d. dipsaci infection were collected at intervals of 3 to 4 weeks. both nematodes were extracted from stem tissue with the baermann funnel method and from soil with the sieving and baermann funnel method. soil moisture and soil temperature at 5 cm accounted for 64.8% and 61.0%, respectively, of the variability ... | 1999 | 19270872 |
| efficacy of insecticides for control of aphelenchoides fragariae and ditylenchus dipsaci in flowering perennial ornamentals. | the effects of abamectin b1, diazinon, and methiocarb insecticides on aphelenchoides fragariae and ditylenchus dipsaci in lamium maculatum, phlox subulata, rhododendron indicum, and begonia x tuberhybrida were determined in a series of greenhouse experiments. abamectin at 0.005 or 0.011 g a.i./liter (0.3 or 0.6 ml/liter avid 0.15 ec), diazinon at 0.62 or 1.87 g a.i./liter (2.6 or 7.8 ml/liter knoxout gh), or methiocarb at 3.5 g a.i./liter (4.7 g/liter mesurol) were applied in two to six weekly o ... | 1999 | 19270930 |
| evaluation of hot water treatments for management of ditylenchus dipsaci and fungi in daffodil bulbs. | treatment of daffodil (narcissus pseudonarcissus) bulbs in a 0.37% formaldehyde water solution at 44 c for 240 minutes is a standard practice in california for management of the stem and bulb nematode, ditylenchus dipsaci. recent concern over the safety of formaldehyde and growers' requests for a shorter treatment time prompted a reevaluation of the procedure. the time (y, in minutes) required to raise the temperature at the bulb center from 25 to 44 c was related to bulb circumference (x, in cm ... | 1993 | 19279827 |
| distribution in the western united states on alfalfa and cultivar reaction to mixed populations of ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi. | ditylenchus dipsaci and aphelenchoides ritzemabosi were extracted from 29 of 40 plant samples (72.5%) collected from arizona, california, colorado, idaho, montana, oregon, south dakota, utah, washington, and wyoming. percentages of a. ritzemabosi in tissue of the 29 samples ranged from 1.77 to 67.82%. only ditylenchus dipsaci was recovered from the remaining 11 samples. all of the 16 fields sampled in wyoming contained both nematodes. percentages of a. ritzemabosi in the wyoming samples ranged f ... | 1994 | 19279952 |
| stem nematode-fusarium wilt complex in alfalfa as related to irrigation management at harvest time. | a high moisture level in the top 10 cm of soil at time of cutting of alfalfa increased the incidence of plant mortality and fusarium wilt in soil infested with ditylenchus dipsaci and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis in greenhouse and field microplot studies. ranger alfalfa, susceptible to both d. dipsaci and f. oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis, was less persistent than moapa 69 (nematode susceptible and fusarium wilt resistant) and lahontan alfalfa (nematode resistant with low fusarium wilt re ... | 1992 | 19283002 |
| a collagenolytic fungus, cunninghamella elegans, for biological control of plant-parasitic nematodes. | the root-galling index of tomatoes inoculated with meloidogyne javanica was decreased 70% when collagen was used as a soil amendment (0.1% w/w) and 90% when the amendment was supplemented with the collagenolytic fungus cunninghamella elegans. the root-galling index was reduced 80% when the fungus was homogenized in collagen culture medium and added to soil without collagen supplement. culture filtrates of the fungus c. elegans, grown on collagen as a single source of carbon and nitrogen, immobil ... | 1991 | 19283126 |
| pathological relationship of ditylenchus dipsaci and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis on alfalfa. | ditylenchus dipsaci and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. medicaginis synergistically affected the mortality and plant growth of ranger alfalfa, a cultivar susceptible to stem nematode and fusarium wilt. the nematode-fungus relationship had an additive effect on mortality and plant growth of lahontan (nematode resistant and fusarium wilt susceptible) and of moapa 69 (nematode susceptible and fusarium wilt resistant). mortality rates were 13, 16, 46, and 49% for ranger; 4, 18, 26, and 28% for lahontan; a ... | 1990 | 19287729 |
| effect of ditylenchus dipsaci and pratylenchus penetrans on verticillium wilt of alfalfa. | verticillium albo-atrum wilt symptoms appeared faster and were significantly more severe in the presence of ditylenchus dipsaci in vernal, a wilt-susceptible cultivar, than in marls kabul, a wilt-resistant cultivar. winter kill in the field was not affected by the nematode during the first winter, but 50% of plants were killed in the second winter. forage yield from nematode-infected plants was significantly reduced the second year. interaction with v. albo-atrum did not significantly reduce for ... | 1987 | 19290158 |
| interactions among selected endoparasitic nematodes and three pseudomonads on alfalfa. | meloidogyne hapla, pratylenchus penetrans, and helicotylenchus dihystera, reduced the growth of 'saranac ar alfalfa seedlings when applied at concentrations of 50 nematodes per plant. all except p. penetrans reduced seedling growth when applied at 25 per seedling. m. hapla reduced growth when applied at 12 per seedling. nematodes interacted with three pseudomonads to produce greater growth reductions than were obtained with single pathogens, suggesting synergistic relationships. ditylenchus dips ... | 1982 | 19295682 |
| anhydrobiosis in nematodes ii: carbohydrate and lipid analysis in undesiccated and desiccate nematodes. | glycogen, trehalose, glucose, and total lipid contents of six nematode species were studied. anhydrobiotic anguina tritici and ditylencbus dipsaci stored trehalose in preference to glycogen and only small amounts of glucose were detected. glycogen content was also reduced in anhydrobiotic aphelenchus avenae. conversely, panagrellus redivivus and turbatrix aceti contained large amounts of glycogen, appreciable amounts of glucose, and minimal amounts of trehalose. ditylenchus myceliophagous "curds ... | 1982 | 19295689 |
| comparative calorie values of nematodes. | calorie values for a wide biological selection of nematodes, determined with a microbomb calorimeter, ranged from 3.86 to 6.85 kcal/g. the mean of 5.095 kcal from 16 species was lower than means recorded in three previous studies of other invertebrate groups. the nematode values were skewed to the lowest limit. larvae of ditylenchus dipsaci showed lower calorie values after storage, and the calorie values of separate tissues of ascaris lumbricoides were highest for eggs and the intestine and low ... | 1980 | 19300684 |
| pathogenicity of ditylenchus dipsaci to sainfoin (onobrychis viciaefolia scop.). | | 1975 | 19308139 |
| the effect of single and combined heat and co2 stimuli at different ambient temperatures on the behavior of two plant-parasitic nematodes. | pratylenchus penetrans and ditylenchus dipsaci were reared at 15-16 c, and their behavior towards single and combined heat and co stimuli was studied at ambient temperatures of 8.6 and 27.3 c. at the lower temperature, attractivity of the heat source was prevalent in both species, but co was also attractive. at the higher ambient temperature (27.3 c), the reaction to co was more positive and more rapid than to heat. in fact, at this temperature only d. dipsaci was attracted to the heat source, w ... | 1972 | 19319254 |
| a simplified medium for monoxenic culture of pratylenchus penetrans and ditylenchus dipsaci. | | 1973 | 19319303 |
| the influence of environmental factors on the respiration of plant-parasitic nematodes. | respiration of selected nematode species was measured relative to co level, temperature, osmotic pressure, humidity, glucose utilization and high ionic concentrations of sodium and potassium.in general, respiration was stimulated most by the dominant environmental factors at levels near those expected in the nematode's "natural" habitat. soil-inhabiting nematodes utilized o, most rapidly with high (1-2%) co whereas a foliar nematode (aphelenchoides ritzemabosi) did so with 0.03% co, the concentr ... | 1970 | 19322313 |
| comparative disc-electrophoretic protein analyses of selected meloidogyne, ditylenchus, heterodera and aphelenchus spp. | disc-electrophoretic separation of soluble proteins from whole nematode homogenates yielded band profiles useful for distinguishing selected species of meloidogyne and ditylenchus, and the genera heterodera, and aphelenchus. certain protein bands were common to all the species of meloidogyne, whereas other bands were specific. meloidogyne spp. and heterodera glycines shared some protein similarities, but other genera differed distinctly. protein profiles of meloidogyne spp. were not significantl ... | 1970 | 19322314 |
| dehydrogenases, acid and alkaline phosphatases, and esterases for chemotaxonomy of selected meloidogyne, ditylenchus, heterodera and aphelenchus spp. | various taxonomically useful profiles of four dehydrogenases (lactate, malate, glucose-6-phosphate, and a-glycerophosphate) and three hydrolases (acid and alkaline phosphatase and esterase) were detected in whole nematode homogenates of meloidogynejavanica, m. hapla, m. incognita, m. arenaria, ditylenchus dipsaci, d. triformis, heterodera glycines, and aphelenchus avenae. the enzyme profiles were stable in populations cultured on several different hosts. a tentative enzymically-determined phylog ... | 1971 | 19322334 |
| mode of transmission of corynebacterium insidiosum by ditylenchus dipsaci. | | 1971 | 19322402 |
| thermotactic response of some plant parasitic nematodes. | attraction of ditylenchus dipsaci and pratylenchus penetrans to a temperature gradient was tested. heating wires, infrared radiations and germinating alfalfa seeds were used to create a temperature gradient as small as 0.033 c/cm in agar. p. penetrans, d. dipsaci, and tylenchorhynchus claytoni responded to a temperature gradient of 0.033 c over a 4-cm distance from the heat source. trichodorus christiei and xiphinema arnericanum showed no response. individuals of p. penetrans oriented their head ... | 1969 | 19325653 |
| lectins but not antifungal proteins exhibit anti-nematode activity. | a variety of lectins and antifungal proteins were tested for toxicity against the plant parasitic nematodes ditylenchus dipsaci and heterodera glycines. it was found that lectins from the mushrooms xylaria hypoxylon, agrocybe cylindracea and tricholoma mongolicum (tml-1) were the most potent against d. dipsaci, with ec(50) being 4.7, 9, and 20mg/ml, respectively. lectins from pseudostellaria heterophylla, samta tomato, and the mushrooms t. mongolicum (tml-2), ganoderma lucidum, and boletus eduli ... | 2009 | 21784014 |
| development of primetime-real-time pcr for species identification of soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines ichinohe, 1952) in north carolina. | soybean cyst nematode (scn) is an obligate, sedentary parasite that is a major pathogen of soybean and accounts for an estimated 1 billion dollars in production losses annually in the united states of america. this paper describes the development of a real-time pcr method for rapid, sensitive, species-specific and accurate identification of scn alone or on mixed populations with other nematodes in north carolina. the 83-bp dna fragment of primetime-real-time pcr was designed based on a 477-bp-sc ... | 2012 | 23481469 |
| [observations on the variability in ovary form and length of a population of ditylenchus dipsaci (kühn 1857) filipjev 1936]. | | 2015 | 4679113 |
| nematicidal activity of fluensulfone against some migratory nematodes under laboratory conditions. | the fluoroalkenyl fluensulfone, known to have strong nematicidal activity against meloidogyne spp. (root-knot nematodes), was evaluated in vitro and in soil against the migratory nematodes bursaphelenchus xylophilus, aphelenchoides besseyi, aphelenchoides fragariae, ditylenchus dipsaci, pratylenchus penetrans, pratylenchus thornei and xiphinema index. | 2014 | 24452922 |
| top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. | the aim of this review was to undertake a survey of researchers working with plant-parasitic nematodes in order to determine a 'top 10' list of these pathogens based on scientific and economic importance. any such list will not be definitive as economic importance will vary depending on the region of the world in which a researcher is based. however, care was taken to include researchers from as many parts of the world as possible when carrying out the survey. the top 10 list emerging from the s ... | 2013 | 23809086 |
| dr. gotthold steiner (1886-1961): versatile nematologist. | swiss-born dr. gotthold steiner was a pioneer in formulating the discipline of nematology. he worked with the american nematologist na cobb and together they were responsible for acceptance of the concept of nematode phytoparasites. steiner had special expertise in anatomy, morphology, phytonematology, marine nematodes, nutrition, mermithids, and selected invertebrate taxa. he authored 191 scientific papers, established the ubiquitous phytoparasitic genus helicotylenchus, described the pinewood ... | 1996 | 15012532 |
| paraphyletic genus ditylenchus filipjev (nematoda, tylenchida), corresponding to the d. triformis-group and the d. dipsaci-group scheme. | the genus ditylenchus has been divided into 2 groups: the ditylenchus triformis-group, and the ditylenchus dipsaci-group based on morphological and biological characters. a total of 18 populations belong to 5 species of ditylenchus was studied: ditylenchus africanus, ditylenchus destructor, ditylenchus myceliophagus and dipsaci, ditylenchus weischeri, the first 3 belong to the ditylenchus triformis-group, the last 2 the ditylenchus dipsaci-group. the species of ditylenchus triformis-group were c ... | 2016 | 27103870 |
| a fast and sensitive method for the simultaneous identification of three important nematode species of the genus ditylenchus. | nematodes of the genus ditylenchus are parasites of a wide range of hosts, including higher plants. the most destructive of these species are d. dipsaci and d. destructor, two frequently quarantined pests. no rapid molecular method is available for unambiguous detection and distinguishing of these species from each other or from d. gigas, a pest of vicia faba, either by multiplex pcr or real-time pcr. | 2015 | 24687757 |
| occurrence of ditylenchus weischeri and not d. dipsaci in field pea harvest samples and cirsium arvense in the canadian prairies. | the stem nematode, a parasite of the herbaceous perennial weed, cirsium arvense (l.) scop. and identified as ditylenchus dipsaci (kühn) filipjev, was reported in the canadian prairies in 1979. recently, d. weischeri chizhov parasitizing cirsium arvense was described in russia, and it has been shown that this species is not an agricultural pest. in this study, we examined ditylenchus species found in field pea (pisum sativum l.) grain harvest samples in 2009 and 2010 and from c. arvense shoots in ... | 2014 | 25580031 |
| some aspects of the natural control of plant parasitic nematodes in soil under broad bean vicia faba l. cultivated in crop rotation and long-term monoculture. | observations on population density of plant parasitic nematodes occurring in rhizosphere of broad bean cultivated in the crop rotation and long-term monoculture were performed during 2013-2014. 13 species were observed: trichodorus primitivus, t. viruliferus, paratrichodorus pachydermus, criconema annuliferum, paratylenchus projectus, bitylenchus dubius, merlinius brevidens, pratylenchus fallax, p. flakkensis, p. neglectus, heterodera triffolii, h. goettingiana, and ditylenchus dipsaci. in monoc ... | 2015 | 27145570 |
| stem nematode counteracts plant resistance of aphids in alfalfa, medicago sativa. | plants are exploited by a diverse community of insect herbivores and phytopathogens that interact indirectly through plant-mediated interactions. generally, plants are thought to respond to insects and pathogens through different defensive signaling pathways. as plants are selected for resistance to one phytophagous organism type (insect vs. pathogen) in managed systems, it is not clear how this selection may affect community interactions. this study examined the effect of nematode-resistant var ... | 2014 | 25261892 |
| banning of methyl bromide for seed treatment: could ditylenchus dipsaci again become a major threat to alfalfa production in europe? | in europe, the stem and bulb nematode ditylenchus dipsaci has been listed as a quarantine pest by eppo: without any control, it may cause complete failure of alfalfa crops. movement of nematodes associated with seeds is considered to be the highest-risk pathway for the spread of this pest. since the 2010 official withdrawal of methyl bromide in europe, and in the absence of any alternative chemical, fumigation of contaminated seed batches is no longer possible, which makes the production of nema ... | 2014 | 24482310 |
| exploitation of fta cartridges for the sampling, long-term storage, and dna-based analyses of plant-parasitic nematodes. | the use of dna-based analyses in molecular plant nematology research has dramatically increased over recent decades. therefore, the development and adaptation of simple, robust, and cost-effective dna purification procedures are required to address these contemporary challenges. the solid-phase-based approach developed by flinders technology associates (fta) has been shown to be a powerful technology for the preparation of dna from different biological materials, including blood, saliva, plant t ... | 2014 | 24093923 |
| inducible flavone in oats (avena sativa) is a novel defense against plant-parasitic nematodes. | abstract the induction of defense compounds in oats (avena sativa) in response to invasion by parasitic nematodes and to application of the wound hormone methyl jasmonate was examined. oats cv. quoll seedlings were challenged with pratylenchus neglectus, heterodera avenae, and ditylenchus dipsaci and treated with 1 x 10(-4) m methyl jasmonate. three compounds, isolated in methanolic root and shoot extracts of oats, exhibiting an absorbance spectrum typical of flavone glycosides, were induced by ... | 2004 | 18944456 |
| molecular diagnostics, taxonomy, and phylogeny of the stem nematode ditylenchus dipsaci species complex based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer-rdna. | abstract the stem nematode ditylenchus dipsaci is of great economic importance worldwide as a parasite of agricultural crops and horticultural plants. the internal transcribed spacer (its) of rdna from 23 populations of the d. dipsaci complex from various host plants were amplified and sequenced. seven previously studied populations were also included in the study. the phylogenetic analysis of the full its and its2 sequence alignments using minimum evolution, maximum parsimony, and bayesian infe ... | 2005 | 18943362 |
| a surface lipid may control the permeability slump associated with entry into anhydrobiosis in the plant parasitic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci. | the anhydrobiotic plant-parasitic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci undergoes a decrease in permeability (the permeability slump) during the early stages of desiccation and this produces the slow rate of water loss necessary for its survival. there were no changes in annulation spacing, followed in individual nematodes by confocal microscopy, that would account for the permeability slump. nile red staining reveals that the surface of the nematode is coated with an extracuticular layer of lipid. this ... | 2008 | 18775927 |
| evolution of the gall-forming plant parasitic nematodes (tylenchida: anguinidae) and their relationships with hosts as inferred from internal transcribed spacer sequences of nuclear ribosomal dna. | phylogenetic relationships among gall-forming plant parasitic nematodes of the subfamily anguininae are reconstructed by maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses. sequences of the its of rdna from 53 populations and species of gall-forming nematodes and five populations of the ditylenchus dipsaci species complex were analysed. the phylogenetic trees strongly support monophyly of the genus anguina and show nonmonophyly for the genera mesoanguina and heteroanguina. morphological and biolo ... | 2004 | 15022772 |
| changes in surface features during desiccation of the anhydrobiotic plant parasitic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci. | the anhydrobiotic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci is a fast-dehydration strategist, itself generating the slow rate of water loss necessary for survival. a permeability slump occurs during the initial phases of desiccation. this may be produced by changes in the nematode's cuticle. two scanning electron microscopic techniques were used to follow changes in surface structures during desiccation. freeze substitution and critical-point drying produced artifacts that obscured changes produced by the de ... | 2002 | 12165242 |
| ultrastructural changes during desiccation of the anhydrobiotic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci. | ultrastructural changes during desiccation of the anhydrobiotic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci were followed and quantified after preparation of material at different levels of hydration using freeze substitution techniques. some shrinkage was caused by processing in the more hydrated specimens but the changes observed correspond to those observed in live nematodes by light microscopy, indicating that the technique is useful for following changes during desiccation. the overall pattern of changes ... | 1998 | 10091336 |
| ditylenchus dipsaci infestation of trifolium repens. ii. dynamics of infestation development. | trifolium repens (white clover) stolons were inoculated with ditylenchus dipsaci (stem nematode), and the development of resulting infestations was monitored. nematodes initially remained confined to superficial locations, concentrating in petiole axils near inoculation points. they were able to migrate slowly from the inidal inoculation points and infest adjacent axils, especially in regions near the stolon tip. as time progressed, in some axils, nematodes migrated through the stolon epidermis ... | 1997 | 19274169 |
| ditylenchus dipsaci infestation of trifolium repens. i. temperature effects, seedling invasion, and a field survey. | rates of development of stem nematode (ditylenchus dipsaci) in white clover (trifolium repens) seedlings were found to be linearly related to temperature. basal developmental temperature (t(b)) was 3 degrees c, and the thermal constant (s) for development of gravid adult females from freshly laid eggs was 270 accumulated day-degrees above the t(b). only 12% at 20 degrees c and 4% at 4 degrees c of the gravid female nematodes inoculated into seedling axils successfully penetrated seedling epiderm ... | 1997 | 19274148 |
| water loss and morphological changes during desiccation of the anhydrobiotic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci | ditylenchus dipsaci is an anhydrobiotic nematode which can withstand direct exposure to extreme desiccation. water loss has been determined gravimetrically and morphological changes quantified by light microscopy. water loss occurs in two distinct phases, with a permeability slump 2 min after the onset of desiccation. the permeability slump remains after treatment with sodium azide or carbon dioxide but disappears after heat treatment. there is a marked decrease in body length during the first 2 ... | 1996 | 9318902 |
| disinfection alternatives for control of ditylenchus dipsaci in garlic seed cloves. | hot-water dips with and without the additives abamectin and sodium hypochlorite were evaluated for control of ditylenchus dipsaci infection of garlic seed cloves. all treatments were compared to hot water-formalin clove dip disinfection and to nontreated infected controls for garlic emergence, midseason infection, bulb damage, and yield at harvest in field plots in 12 experiments. hot-water treatments without additives only partially controlled d. dipsaci when a warming presoak dip (38 c) of 30, ... | 1995 | 19277311 |
| detecting nematode features from digital images. | procedures for estimating and calibrating nematode features from digitial images are described and evaluated by illustration and mathematical formulae. technical problems, such as capturing and cleaning raw images, standardizing the grey level range of images, and the detection of characteristics of the body habitus, presence or absence of stylet knobs, and tail and lip region shape are discussed. this study is the first of a series aimed at developing a set of automated methods to permit more r ... | 1992 | 19282998 |
| management of ditylenchus dipsaci in daffodils with foliar applications of oxamyl. | ditylenchus dipsaci (kühn) filipjev is a serious pest of commercial daffodil (narcissus sp.) in northern california. the control measures practiced by growers in recent years are postharvest treatment of planting bulbs for 3 hours in a 1% solution of formalin at 44 c combined with preplant soil fumigation with 1,3-dicbloropropene and (or) at-planting applications of phorate. in field trials, several combinations of rates (1.12, 2.24, or 4.48 kg a.i./ha in 189 liters of water/ha) and timings (one ... | 1991 | 19283189 |
| relationship of ditylenchus dipsaci and harvest practices to the persistence of alfalfa. | persistence of dormant ranger and nondormant moapa alfalfas, both susceptible to ditylenchus dipsaci, varied with stand age and cutting frequency. stand reduction increased with cutting frequency. in d. dipsaci-infested soil, stand reductions in ranger 1, 4, and 5 years old exceeded reductions in stands 2 and 3 years old; persistence was greatest in 2-year-old stands. in moapa alfalfa, d. dipsaci reduced stands the most in years 2 and 3; whereas persistence was greatest in 1-year-old stands. har ... | 1991 | 19283131 |
| evidence for a biogenic amine pathway in the plant-parasitic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci. | | 1990 | 19287702 |
| a nematicide seed treatment to control ditylenchus dipsaci on seedling alfalfa. | three nematicides were evaluated as seed treatments to control the alfalfa stem nematode (ditylenchus dipsaci) on seedling alfalfa. alfalfa seeds were soaked for 10 hours in a 0.5% (formulated by weight) concentration of either carbofuran, phenamiphos or oxamyl in acetone with no adverse effect on seed germination. all three treatments decreased nematode damage and increased survival of 'ranger' (susceptible) and 'lahontan' (resistant) alfalfa plants, when seeds were planted in soil infested wit ... | 1989 | 19287597 |
| interaction of ditylenchus dipsaci and meloidogyne hapla on resistant and susceptible plant species. | numbers ofditylenchus dipsaci or meloidogyne hapla invading ranger alfalfa, tender crop bean, stone improved tomato, ah-14 sugarbeet, yellow sweet clover, and wasatch wheat from single inoculations were not significantly different from numbers by invasion of combined inoculations. d. dipsaci was recovered only from shoot and m. hapla only from root tissue. combined inoculations did not affect reproduction of either d. dipsaci or m. hapla. d. dipsaci suppressed shoot growth of all species at 15-3 ... | 1987 | 19290168 |
| effects of environmental factors and cultural practices on parasitism of alfalfa by ditylenchus dipsaci. | cool humid weather enhanced development and reproduction of ditylenchus dipsaci in alfalfa in laboratory and field studies in utah. relative humidity and nematode reproduction were positively correlated (p < 0.05), whereas air temperature and nematode reproduction were negatively correlated (p < 0.05). the greatest number of nematodes per gram of alfalfa tissue was found in nondormant moapa alfalfa tissue at st. george during april, whereas the greatest numbers of nematodes were found in dormant ... | 1987 | 19290142 |
| distribution of ditylenchus dipsaci in daffodil bulbs. | | 1986 | 19294232 |
| control of heterodera carotae, ditylenchus dipsaci, and meloidogyne javanica with fumigant and nonfumigant nematicides. | five field trials were conducted in italy in 1983 and 1984 to test the efficacy of isazofos and benfuracarb in controlling heterodera carotae on carrot, ditylenchus dipsaci on onion, and meloidogyne javanica on tomato. methyl isothiocyanate (mit) was tested against h. carotae and m. javanica. single (10 kg a.i./ha) and split (5 + 5 kg a.i./ha) applications of isazofos gave yield increases of carrot and onion similar to those obtained with dd (300 liters/ha) and aldicarb (10 kg a.i./ha). populati ... | 1986 | 19294191 |
| control of ditylenchus dipsaci in infected garlic seed cloves by nonfumigant nematicides. | different rates of granular formulations ofaldicarb, carbofuran, ethoprop, fensulfothion, and phenamiphos were applied directly onto garlic seed cloves in the seed furrow in sandy clay loam, clay loam, and loam soils at planting to assess efficacy for control of ditylenchus dipsaci in infected seed cloves. all treatments were compared to hotwater-formalin clove dip disinfection treatment and to nontreated infected controls. aldicarb and phenamiphos at 2.52 and 5.04 kg a.i./ ha, but not at lower ... | 1986 | 19294142 |
| effect of ditylenchus dipsaci on alfalfa mortality, winterkill, and yield. | ditylenchus dipsaci-infected and noninfected alfalfa plants in a naturally infested field were studied from july 1980 to september 1982. forty-one percent of the plants died during the study. ninety-seven percent of the plants that died were infected with d. dipsaci. sixty-nine percent of the observed mortality occurred during winter. forage yield of infected plants was significantly lower than yield of noninfected plants at each harvest. stored carbohydrates in infected plants were significantl ... | 1985 | 19294072 |
| ultrastructural changes during recovery from anabiosis in the plant parasitic nematode, ditylenchus. | ultrastructural changes after desiccation and rehydration of the anabiotic fourth-stage juveniles of the plant parasitic nematode ditylenchus dipsaci (kuhn) filipjev are described and quantified. anabiotic juveniles retain their structural integrity, although the cuticle decreases in thickness and the muscle cell sarcoplasm condenses. in contrast the structure of the non-anabiotic nematode panagrellus silusae is completely disorganized by desiccation. following rehydration of d. dipsaci there is ... | 1985 | 4002213 |
| the interrelationship of heterodera schachtii and ditylenchus dipsaci on sugarbeet. | heterodera schachtii significantly (p = 0.05) reduced sugarbeet root growth below that of uninoculated controls at 20, 24, and 28 c, and ditylenchus dipsaci significantly (p = 0.05) reduced root growth below that of uninoculated controls at 16, 20, 24, and 28 c. a combination of h. schachtii and d. dipsaci significantly (p = 0.05) reduced root growth below that of single inoculations of h. schachtii at all temperatures and d. dipsaci at 20, 24, and 28 c. single inoculations of h. schachtii and d ... | 1983 | 19295828 |
| interrelationship of meloidogyne hapla and ditylenchus dipsaci on resistant and susceptible alfalfa. | simultaneous inoculations of alfalfa with meloidogyne hapla larvae and ditylenchus dipsaci at 16, 20, 24, and 28 c did not depress penetration of either nematode in 'nev syn xx' -a selection resistant to m. hapla and d. dipsaci, 'vernal 298' -a selection resistant to m. hapla and susceptible to d. dipsaci, 'lahontan' -a cultivar resistant to d. dipsaci and susceptible to m. hapla, and 'ranger' -a cultivar susceptible to both m. hapla and d, dipsaci. infection with d. dipsaci depressed growth of ... | 1980 | 19300705 |
| multiyear population dynamics of ditylenchus dipsaci associated with phlox subulata. | field population densities of ditylenchus dipsaci associated with shoot tissue of phlox subulata were monitored during two consecutive growing seasons and intervening periods of overwintering and plant storage. the population density increased significantly through four peaks during the first growing season, and decreased significantly during storage at 5-7 c or overwintering in the field. during the second growing season, there was only a single increase to a moderate population density, follow ... | 1980 | 19300697 |
| [karyotypes of the stem eelworms from wild-growing plants]. | unlike the stem eelworms of cultivated plants, which have n = 12, the stem eelworms of wild plants (picris sp., taraxacum officinale, hieracium pratense, h. pilosella, cirsium setosum and falcaria vulgaris) possess high chromosomal numbers (from n = 19 in the first to n = 28 in the latter). due to this the stem eelworms of wild plants must be separated from the collective species ditylenchus dipsaci. apparently these forms of stem eelworms are distinct species polyploid in their origin. | 2007 | 440781 |
| gall formation on cirsium arvense by ditylenchus dipsaci. | ditylenchus dipsaci was found to cause gall formation on the stems of cirsium arvense. the galls were characterized by extensive hypertrophy and hyperplasia, differentiation of nutritive tissue, nuclear modification, and a central cavity containing nematodes. these findings emphasize the importance of host response in investigations of host-parasite interactions and suggest that d. dipsaci may be evolving a host race by reproductive isolation within the confines of a plant gall. | 1979 | 19305522 |
| [genetic and physiological compatibility of different forms of stem eelworms. vi. the crossing of eelworms from cultivated plants and weeds]. | the crossing of stem eelworms of onion and red clover with these from cirsium setosum and taraxacum officinale resulted in the fertilization of females, egglaying and embriogenesis. however, the hybrid eggs died, as a rule. only in one experiment a large population developed up to f5 but few hybrids survived to f10. the studied stem eelworms of weeds are genetically non-compatible with ditylenchus dipsaci of onion and red clover and are distinct species. | 2007 | 673464 |
| pectolytic enzymes in three populations of ditylenchus dipsaci. | extracts of nematodes of the raleigh, north carolina (rnc), waynesville, n. c. (wnc), and onion populations of ditylenchus dipsaci were examined for pectolytic activity. rnc nematodes contained a nacl-stimulated endo-polymethylgalacturonase with optimal ph for activity of 6.0, whereas nematodes of the wnc and onion populations possessed a nacl-stimulated endo-polygalacturonase with ph optimum of 4.0. nematodes of each population also contained a cacl-activated endo-pectin methyl-trans-eliminase ... | 1977 | 19305591 |
| factors affecting the infection of alfalfa seedlings by ditylenchus dipsaci. | experiments were conducted to determine the effects of plant confinement, soil type, watering practices, stage of seed germination, inoculum level, and method of applying inoculum on stem nematode (ditylenchus dipsaci) infection of alfalfa (medicago sativa) seedlings grown in soil. results indicated that (i) confining seedlings together with the nematodes in small vials offered no advantage over growing plants in large flats, (ii) a very fine sandy-loam soil was superior to a fine sand for stem- ... | 1975 | 19308186 |
| effects of temperature on the fine-structural responses in the hypocotyl region of alfalfa lines to ditylenchus dipsaci. | fine-structural analyses were made of the response of host tissue, medicago sativa l. 'ranger' and 'lahontan', to infection by the stem nematode, ditylenchus dipsaci (kühn) filipjev. seedlings were grown at 15 and 25 c, and hypocotyl regions were sampled 1,3, or 7 days after inoculation. electron micrographs of infected alfalfa tissue indicated that the same types of damage were inflicted on lahontan (stem-nematode-tolerant)and ranger (stem-nematode-susceptible). only the infection rate and degr ... | 1975 | 19308164 |
| parasitism of nonhost cultivars by ditylenchus dipsaci. | the alfalfa race of ditylenchus dipsaci parasitized and caused characteristic symptoms on nonhost seedlings of sweet clover, onion, tomato, sugarbeet, and wheat in controlled growth-chamber studies. although the nematode was unable to reproduce on any of the cultivars, it caused plant mortality ranging from 20% on sugarbeet and tomato to 100% on onion. | 1975 | 19308163 |
| freezing and storing ditylenchus dipsaci in liquid nitrogen. | after 18 months of storage at -150 c, some larvae of ditylenchus dipsaci, which had been treated in a 7.5% solution of dimethyl sulphoxide and cooled to -25 c before storage, were still viable on thawing. some survivors penetrated and developed normally in stems of alfalfa seedlings. tests showed that active larvae could be frozen directly, thus eliminating the need to use the quiescent stage of this nematode previously thought necessary for successful storage at cryogenic temperatures. the meth ... | 1975 | 19308154 |
| mass culturing of ditylenchus dipsaci to yield large quantities of inoculum. | methods are described for rearing large quantities of ditylenchus dipsaci on alfalfa tissues. nematodes and alfalfa seed were disinfected and nematodes were reared in quantities sufficient to provide a continuous supply of inoculum for our alfalfa-breeding program. nematodes reproduced best in darkness at 20-25 c. cultures reached maximum numbers in 3-6 wk. | 1974 | 19308113 |
| effect of acclimation temperature on infection of alfalfa by ditylenchus dipsaci. | ditylenchus dipsaci showed an affinity, in relation to infection, for the temp at which it had been acclimated. the optimum infective temp was also correlated with field temp when collections were made during different seasons and from climatically different geographical areas. nematode developmental stage did not influence infectivity. | 1974 | 19319367 |
| ultrastructure changes induced by stem nematodes in hypocotyl tissue of alfalfa. | scarified seeds of medicago sativa l. 'ranger' and 'lahontan' alfalfa were allowed to imbibe water for 36 hr and then were inoculated with stem nematodes, ditylenchus dipsaci kühn. seedlings were grown in sterilized provo sand at 20 c and hypocotyl sections harvested at 1, 3 and 7 days. evidence from electron micrographs indicated that cells of noninfected control plants contained normally developing chloroplasts bearing stroma, thylakoids, starch grains and plastoglobuli. the cytoplasm containe ... | 1973 | 19319326 |
| fine structure analyses of stem nematode-induced white flagging in medicago sativa. | white flagging of alfalfa, medicago sativa 'ranger, found associated with ditylenchus dipsaci in the columbia river basin was observed in northern utah during 1971. this is a report on chloroplast changes, induced by d. dipsaci in alfalfa leaves, as observed with an electron microscope. leaves from alfalfa plants infected with d. dipsaci were either devoid of normal pigmentation or displayed various shades of yellow-green. cells of leaf tissue from noninfected plants exhibited normal chloroplast ... | 1973 | 19319316 |
| attraction of ditylenchus dipsaci and meloidogyne hapla by resistant and susceptible alfalfa seedlings. | ditylenchus dipsaci kühn were equally attracted to and equally invaded resistant ('lahontan') and susceptible ('ranger') germinating alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) seedlings exposed singly in moist sand except at a distance of 12.5 mm at 20 c when the susceptibles proved more attractive than the resistants. larvae hatching from egg-masses of meloidogyne hapla chitwood were also attracted equally to germinating seedlings of resistant ('m-9') and susceptible ('lahontan') alfalfa offered singly. when ... | 1971 | 19322372 |
| a comparison of pectinases from ditylenchus dipsaci and allium cepa callus tissue. | ground and whole ditylenchus dipsaci maintained on onion callus contain no culturable micro-organisms when tested with five check media. healthy onion callus does not produce pectolytic enzymes. pectolytic enzymes are present in infected callus. these enzymes are, however, associated with resident nematodes and not host tissues. these results suggest that d. dipsaci is the actual source of the endo-polygalacturonase and endo-pectinmethyltrans-eliminase extracted from them. | 1971 | 19322364 |
| disc-electrophoretic patterns of enzymes and soluble proteins of ditylenchus dipsaci and d. triformis. | soluble protein, esterase and oxidative enzyme patterns of the waynesville, north carolina, (wnc) and raleigh, north carolina, (rnc) populations of ditylenchus dipsaci were compared. polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of soluble protein extracts of nematodes of the two populations differed. esterase and catalase patterns, however, were identical. peroxidatic activity of the catalase isoenzymes from nematodes of the two populations differed when catechol was used as a cosubstrate. distin ... | 1971 | 19322344 |
| pectinases in aqueous extracts of ditylenchus dipsaci. | aqueous extracts of a population of ditylenchus dipsaci isolated from onion and maintained monoxenically on onion callus contained endo-polygalacturonase (endo-pg) and endo-pectinmethyltranseliminase (endo-pmte). in viscometric tests ph 4.2 and 4.0 were optimal for degradation of sodium polypectate and pectin n.f., respectively, by endo-pg. endo-pmte reduced viscosity of pectin n.f. optimally at ph 8.5 or above. activity was dependent on cacl. pectinmethylesterase activity was not detected in wa ... | 1971 | 19322337 |
| agriculturally-polluted irrigation water as a source of plant-parasitic nematode infestation. | water from a major irrigation canal and water from a deep well was used to irrigate plants growing in methyl bromide fumigated screenhouse ground beds. nematode populations in these beds were compared during three seasons of continuous cropping to alfalfa, bean, eggplant, mint, sugarbeet, or wheat. beds irrigated with canal water became heavily infested with a variety of plant parasitic nematodes while those receiving well water did not. | 1970 | 19322327 |
| acquisition and distribution of nematodes in irrigation waterways of the columbia basin in eastern washington. | the primary source of plant parasitic nematodes in irrigation waterways in the columbia basin project of eastern washington is irrigation runoff returned into the irrigation system. this has contributed to the rapid spread of plant parasitic nematodes observed during eight years of study. | 1970 | 19322326 |
| calcium nutrition and resistance of alfalfa to ditylenchus dipsaci. | stem nematode-susceptible 'atlantic' and resistant 'lahontan' alfalfa seedlings, grown in sand and watered with complete nutrient solutions containing 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, or 12.0 mm ca/liter, were inoculated with ditylenchus dipsaci (the stem nematode) 5-6 days after emergence. approximately equal numbers of nematodes entered the tissues of each variety/ca concentration within 2 days. penetration was reduced at 12 mm ca/liter. reproduction during 21 days following inoculation yielded 3-fold, or ... | 1970 | 19322318 |
| the excretory systems of three ditylenchus spp. | in ditylenchus dipsaci the morphologically different anterior and posterior regions of the terminal excretory duct are separated by a constriction. immediately posterior to the constriction is a valve-like structure composed of dense pieces integral with the wall of the duct. the posterior region is sometimes dilated at intervals along its length. the same structures are present in d. myceliophagus and d. destructor, but the dense pieces appear less well developed. a possible mode of action for ... | 1970 | 19322308 |
| factors influencing survival of ditylenchus dipsaci (kühn, 1857) in soil. | ditylenchus dipsaci larvae survived in soil without a host plant for at least 242 days when held at 15 c and 21 c. larvae held at 15 c remained infective for 212 days. moisture levels within both clayey and sandy soils did not appreciably affect recovery of larvae. active nematodes recovered from soil are not necessarily infective. temperatures of -12, 0 and 4 c had little adverse effect on larvae in infected leaf tissues in soil. larvae in soil exposed to 0 c for short periods of time were not ... | 1970 | 19322286 |
| pectolytic and cellulolytic enzymes of two populations of ditylenchus dipsaci on 'wando' pea (pisum sativum l.). | 'wando' pea is susceptible to ditylenchus dipsaci from raleigh, n. c. (rnc) but resistant to the same species from waynesville, n. c. (wnc). homogenates of rnc and wnc were analyzed for pectolytic and cellulolytic enzyme activity; both had high c(x) activity with wnc two to three times more active than rnc. polymethylglacturonase activity was three to five times higher in rnc, but polygalacturonase was up to 100 times higher in wnc. polygalacturonate-trans-eliminase was not detected although a c ... | 1970 | 19322282 |
| the comparative effects of chloramines on a range of nematodes. | chloramine-t (sodium p-toluene sulfonchloramide) was a good surface sterilant for ditylenchus dipsaci, however it was somewhat nematicidal. these properties were presumably associated with its properties as an oxidizing chlorine. other chloramines tested were also toxic. its possible use as a nematicide is suggested in relation to dosage and phytotoxicity. the comparative effects of chloramines on a wide range of freeliving soil nematodes and freeliving infective larvae of animal parasitic forms ... | 1969 | 19325651 |
| host resistance reflected in differential nematode population structures. | relative efficiency of host plants to support reproduction of the garlic race of ditylenchus dipsaci can be partially explained by diflerential population structures. if axenic cultures of callus tissue from onion, white clover, red clover, and alfalfa are arranged in order of decreasing host suitability, the nematode populations are simultaneously arranged in order of increasing maleness. | 1968 | 5657331 |
| electron microscopical studies on ditylenchus dipsaci (kühn). i. stomatal region. | | 1967 | 6063569 |
| sterol composition of the nematodes ditylenchus triformis and ditylenchus dipsaci, and host tissues. | | 1967 | 6080012 |
| changes in concentrations of nitrogen and free and bound amino acids in alfalfa and pea infected by ditylenchus dipsaci. | | 1966 | 5912635 |
| plant parasitic nematodes: a new mechanism for injury of hosts. | pathological effects of ditylenchus dipsaci and meloidogyne hapla are related to the disturbance of the auxin balance in the host by the nematode. the parasites produce an auxin inactivator, apparently enzymatic, that enables ditylenchus dipsaci to stunt host stem apices and meloidogyne hapla to reduce its galling potential. | 1965 | 17790829 |
| observations on races of ditylenchus dipsaci infesting bulbs. | | 1957 | 13429024 |