| [pharmacological studies on extracts from flesh of cridtaria plecata and hyriopsis cumingii]. | adiminstration of extracts from flesh of cridtaria plecata lea and hyriopsis cumingii lea (efch), in 3.6 g/kg and 1.8 g/kg i.g for 7 days, can stimulate macrophage phagcytoic function and humoral immunolgical response to cook's rbc in mice. efch 3.6 g/kg i.g for 7 days, inhibite allergic reaction iv induced by 2,4-dinitroclorobenzne. swimming time of mice can be prolonged by efch 3.6 g/kg, 1.8 g/kg, 0.9 g/kg i.g and efch 3.6 g/kg enhence mice's toleranetowards hypoxia. analgesic tests showed tha ... | 1998 | 12567949 |
| the immunostimulating effect of bacterial genomic dna on the innate immune responses of bivalve mussel, hyriopsis cumingii lea. | the genomic dna of escherichia coli, which contains the unmethylated cpg motif, was used to evaluate the immunostimulating effect of bacterial dna on innate immune responses in the bivalve mussel hyriopsis cumingii lea. the results showed that the e. coli dna had no significant effect on the production of superoxide anion (o(2-)) or acid phosphatase (ap) by haemocytes in vitro. however, the bactericidal activity of the haemocytes was significantly increased when the cells were incubated with 50 ... | 2006 | 16529949 |
| toxic effect on tissues and differentially expressed genes in hepatopancreas identified by suppression subtractive hybridization of freshwater pearl mussel (hyriopsis cumingii) following microcystin-lr challenge. | microcystins are a family of potent hepatotoxins produced by freshwater cyanobacteria and can cause animal intoxications and human diseases. in this study, the effect of microcystin-lr (mc-lr) on the tissues of freshwater pearl mussel (hyriopsis cumingii) was evaluated and differentially expressed genes in the hepatopancreas of the mussel exposed to mc-lr were identified. hplc analysis of cell extracts from various tissues of the mussel indicated that the hepatopancreas had the highest mc-lr lev ... | 2010 | 20957730 |
| six defensins from the triangle-shell pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are the first line of defense of invertebrates against invading pathogens. defensins, unique amps, have a cysteine-stabilized +¦-helix and +¦-sheet (cs+¦+¦) motif. in invertebrates, defensins have been reported in arthropods and mussels. recently, six defensins were identified from hyriopsis cumingii for the first time, and were designated as hcdef1, hcdef2, hcdef3, hcdef4, hcdef5, and hcdef6. hcdef1 and hcdef2 encode a protein containing 61 and 60 amino acids, resp ... | 2011 | 21839173 |
| molecular cloning and mrna expression of the peptidoglycan recognition protein gene hcpgrp1 and its isoform hcpgrp1a from the freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingi. | peptidoglycan recognition proteins (pgrps) are innate immune molecules that have been structurally conserved throughout evolution in invertebrates and vertebrates. in this study, peptidoglycan recognition protein hcpgrp1 and its isoform hcpgrp1a were identified in the freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingii. the full-length cdnas of hcpgrp1 (973 bp) and hcpgrp1a (537 bp) encoded polypeptides with 218 and 151 amino acids, respectively. sequence analysis showed that hcpgrp1 had one c-terminal pgrp do ... | 0 | 25249773 |
| a galectin contributes to the innate immune recognition and elimination of pathogens in the freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingii. | galectins are members of the lectin superfamily. they function as pattern recognition receptors in the innate immune system of vertebrates and invertebrates. a galectin homolog from the triangle sail mussel hyriopsis cumingii (hcgal2) was cloned and characterized. hcgal2 mrna was expressed in all tissues examined, displaying particular enrichment in mantle tissue. interestingly, rhcgal2 protein was only detected in the mantle, hemocytes, and gills, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation ... | 2017 | 28300581 |
| identification and characterization of two lbp/bpi genes involved in innate immunity from hyriopsis cumingii. | lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (lbp/bpi) play crucial role in modulating cellular signals in response to gram-negative bacteria infection. in the present study, two isoforms of lbp/bpi genes, designated as hclbp/bpi1 and hclbp/bpi2, respectively, were cloned from the mussel hyriopsis cumingii by race approach. the full-length cdna sequences of hclbp/bpi1 and hclbp/bpi2 were 1887 and 2227 bp and encoded two secreted proteins of 501 and 518 amin ... | 2017 | 27979780 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of a novel i-type lysozyme in the freshwater mussel cristaria plicata. | the freshwater bivalve cristaria plicata, which is widely distributed in eastern asia, is a key species in the pearl culture industry. in this study, a novel invertebrate-type lysozyme, designated as cplyz2, was cloned from hemocytes of c. plicata. this lysozyme shares high sequence identity and is homologous to a previously identified lysozyme cplyz1 isolated from c. plicata and with hclyso3 isolated from hyriopsis cumingii. the full-length cdna of cplyz2 is 913 bp long, which includes an open ... | 2015 | 26589461 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of trypsin-like serine protease from triangle-shell pearl mussel (hyriopsis cumingii). | trypsin-like serine protease (tls) is ubiquitous in animals and plays a number of diverse roles, including dietary protein digestion, hemolymph coagulation, antimicrobial activity and immune responses, among others. this study reports the isolation of a 1048 bp full-length cdna sequence of tls from triangle-shell pearl mussel (hyriopsis cumingii), including a 12 bp 5' utr (untranslated region), a 172 bp 3' utr, and an open reading frame (orf) of 864 bp by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). ... | 2014 | 25149589 |
| molecular characterization and expression patterns of the big defensin gene in freshwater mussel (hyriopsis cumingii). | antimicrobial peptides (amps), of which big defensins are examples, are an important component of the natural defenses of most living organisms, and possess remarkable microbicidal activities. in the present study, using expressed-sequence tag sequences from a cdna library and race, the full-length cdna sequence of the big defensin gene from the triangle-shell pearl mussel, hyriopsis cumingii, (hcbd), was cloned. the gene consists of a 5'-untranslated region (utr) of 166 bp, a 3'-utr region of 9 ... | 2014 | 24615035 |
| significant association between snps in the superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular (sod3) gene and resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in the freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingii. | extracellular superoxide dismutase (sod3) is a major antioxidant enzyme that protects organs from damage by reactive oxygen species (ros). in this study, the sod3 gene was identified and characterized from the freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingii (hc-sod3). the cdna sequence consists of 763 bp, encoding a protein of 208 amino acids. the amino acid sequence possesses two cuznsod signature sequences, and amino acids required for binding of cu (his-93, -95, -110 and -169) and zn (his-110, -118, -12 ... | 2013 | 23659320 |
| association between snps in interferon regulatory factor 2 (irf-2) gene and resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingii. | interferon regulatory factor 2 (irf-2) is a multi-functional transcription factor in the irf family exhibiting both transcriptional activating and repressing activities. in this study, an irf-2 gene (hcirf-2) from hyriopsis cumingii was identified and characterized. the cdna sequence consisted of 2688 bp, encoding a 329 amino acid-protein. the amino acid sequence had a highly conserved n-terminal dbd structure, containing characteristic repeats of six tryptophan residues. the 5'-flanking region ... | 2013 | 23454006 |
| [identification of genomic structure and resistance trait associated snp loci in glutathione peroxidase gene of hyriopsis cumingii]. | based on the cdna sequence of gpx in hyriopsis cumingii, the complete genomic dna of gpx gene and it's 5'-flanking region were identified from h. cumingii using pcr and genome walking technique. the length of the complete genomic sequence was 6 708 bp including the 5'-flanking region, two exons, and one intron. sequence analysis of the 992 bp 5'-flanking region revealed that it contained a core promoter element (tata-box) and other transcription regulation elements such as ap1, c/ebp, and cdxa. ... | 2012 | 23208143 |
| a novel toll like receptor with two tir domains (hctoll-2) is involved in regulation of antimicrobial peptide gene expression of hyriopsis cumingii. | animal toll-like receptors (tlrs) are involved in innate immunity. toll proteins are generally transmembrane proteins. in this study, an atypical toll-like receptor (hctoll-2) was identified from the triangle-shell pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii, which belongs to phylum mollusca. unlike the typical toll like receptors with extracellular leucine-rich repeats (lrrs), transmembrane, and intracellular toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domains, hctoll-2 has two homologous tir domains located at the ... | 2014 | 24631579 |
| characterization of cdnas for calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein in the freshwater mussel hyriopsis cumingii: differential expression in response to environmental ca(2+) and calcium binding of recombinant proteins. | calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein are two crucial calcium regulators in bivalves. however, molecular characteristics and expression patterns of these genes in the freshwater mussel are poorly understood. in this study, two cdnas encoding novel calmodulin and calmodulin-like protein (hccam and hccalp) were cloned and characterized from the freshwater pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii. the full-length cdna of hccam was 726 bp, including a 118-bp 5'-untranslated region (utr), a 447-bp open readi ... | 2013 | 23603560 |
| the first toll receptor from the triangle-shell pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii. | toll receptor was first discovered in drosophila and has an important function in the innate immunity of invertebrates. in this study, the toll receptor hctoll1 from hyriopsis cumingii with a full length of 3810 bp consisting of a 3687 bp orf that encodes a total of 1228 amino acids protein was selected for further study. the hctoll1 protein consisted of a signal peptide, 17 lrr domains, 2 lrrct domains, 1 lrrnt domain, 1 tm domain, and 1 tir domain. phylogenetic analysis results showed that hct ... | 2013 | 23454418 |
| hctoll3 was involved in anti-vibrio defense in freshwater pearl mussel, hyriopsis cumingii. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play an important role in the activation of innate immune response but their functions in bivalves remain largely unknown. in this study, we identified a tlr from the freshwater pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii (hctoll3) and investigated its functions in immunity. the full-length cdna of hctoll3 is 3852 bp and includes an open reading frame (orf) of 3228 bp that encodes a polypeptide of 1075 amino acids. the predicted hctoll3 protein shares similar structural characteri ... | 2017 | 28214599 |
| three stats are involved in the regulation of the expression of antimicrobial peptides in the triangle sail mussel, hyriopsis cumingii. | janus kinase (jak) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (stat) signaling pathway is associated in antiviral and antibacterial immune response. previous studies primarily investigated the function of stats in mammals. for most invertebrates, only one stat was found in each species, such as stat92e was found in drosophila melanogaster. the studies, which focus on the functional difference between various stats in the same species of invertebrate, are limited. in the present study ... | 2017 | 28214598 |
| identification and function of a novel c1q domain-containing (c1qdc) protein in triangle-shell pearl mussel (hyriopsis cumingii). | c1q is the target recognition sequence of the classical complement pathway and a major link that connects innate and acquired immunity. in this study, a c1qdc homolog, hcc1qdc5, from the triangle-shell pearl mussel (hyriopsis cumingii) was identified. the complete nucleotide sequence of hcc1qdc5 cdna consists of a 5'-untranslated terminal region (utr) of 123 bp, a 3'-utr of 105 bp with a poly(a) tail, and an open reading frame (orf) of 1344 bp, which encodes a polypeptide of 447 amino acids. hcc ... | 2016 | 27725260 |
| identification and expression analysis of the msp130-related-2 gene from hyriopsis cumingii. | msp130-related-2 is thought to play a role in bio-mineralization as revealed in crassostrea gigas and sea urchins. in this study, an msp130-related-2 gene was isolated from hyriopsis cumingii (hcmsp130-related-2) and characterized for the first time. the hcmsp130-related-2 cdna was 2307 bp in length and consisted of a 572-bp 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr), a 1239-bp open reading frame encoding 430-amino acid residues, and a 439-bp 3'-utr. the molecular weight of the peptide was predicted to be ... | 2015 | 25966265 |
| four invertebrate-type lysozyme genes from triangle-shell pearl mussel (hyriopsis cumingii). | lysozymes in animals have three types, namely chicken-type, goose-type, and invertebrate-type (i-type) lysozymes and all these 3 types have been found in bivalve mollusks. the i-type lysozymes in mollusks are involved in digestion and innate immunity. in this study, four different lysozyme genes that belong to i-type were identified from hyriopsis cumingii. the hclyso1 to hclyso4 genes encode proteins with 144, 144, 161, and 228 amino acids, respectively, and contain a destabilase domain. hclyso ... | 2012 | 22884462 |
| comparative analysis of the transcriptome in tissues secreting purple and white nacre in the pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii. | the triangle sail mussel hyriopsis cumingii (lea) is the most important mussel species used for commercial freshwater pearl production in china. mussel color is an important indicator of pearl quality. to identify genes involved in the nacre coloring, we conducted rna-seq and obtained 541,268 sequences (298 bp average size) and 440,034 sequences (293 bp average size) in secreting purple and white nacre libraries (p- and w-libraries), respectively. the 981,302 expressed sequence tags (ests) were ... | 2013 | 23341956 |
| what is the difference in organic matrix of aragonite vs. vaterite polymorph in natural shell and pearl? study of the pearl-forming freshwater bivalve mollusc hyriopsis cumingii. | aragonite pearl, vaterite pearl and shell nacre of the freshwater mollusc hyriopsis cumingii (zhejiang province, china) were chosen to analyze microstructure and organic composition in the different habits of calcium carbonate. sem and tem were used to reveal the microstructure and mineralogical phase. we found that tablets in vaterite exhibited more irregular texture and were packaged with more organic matrices than in aragonite forms. then a peculiar method was introduced to extract water solu ... | 2012 | 23827604 |
| a neuroprotective polysaccharide from hyriopsis cumingii. | a water-soluble polysaccharide from hyriopsis cumingii (hcp) was isolated by hot-water extraction and ethanol precipitation. we investigated the preliminary neuroprotective activity of hcp on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (i/r)-induced rat brain tissue injury using the middle cerebral artery occlusion (mcao) model. the structural analysis showed that the major component of hcp (hp-i) is an α-(1→4)-d-glucan branched with a single α-d-glucose at c-6 every five residues on average and has a weight- ... | 2010 | 20825225 |
| effects of pearl powder extract and its fractions on fibroblast function relevant to wound repair. | the water soluble matrix (wsm) of pearl powder [hyriopsis cumingii lea (unionidae)] was extracted, and the insoluble residue was demineralized, size-fractionated, and named as mr14 (> 14 kda), mr3-14 (3-14 kda), and mr3 (< 3 kda). the effects of wsm, mr14, mr3-14, and mr3 on primary mouse oral fibroblast proliferation, collagen accumulation, matrix metalloproteinase-2, -9 (mmp-2, -9) activities, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (timp-1) production were tested by mtt assay, chloramine ... | 2010 | 20645827 |
| cdna sequence and expression analysis of an antimicrobial peptide, theromacin, in the triangle-shell pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii. | bivalve molluscs rely on the interaction between cellular and humoral factors for protection against potential pathogens. antimicrobial peptides (amps) have been proven to be one of the most important humoral components that afford resistance to pathogen infection. the amp gene to be identified was that encoding theromacin in the triangle-shell pearl mussel hyriopsis cumingii (hc theromacin); this gene was identified from a suppression subtractive hybridization library, and subsequently cloned b ... | 2010 | 20639135 |
| [full-length cdna cloning and encoding protein structure analysis of gpx in hyriopsis cumingii]. | based on the est sequence of mantle cdna library of hyriopsis cumingii, the complete cdna of hyriopsis cumingii gpx gene was cloned by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) in this paper. the gpx full-length cdna sequence was 1286 bp including a 39 bp 5'-untranslated region, a 659 bp 3'-untranslated region and an open reading frame (orf) 588 bp in length, which encodes for 195 amino acids with the predicted molecular weight of 22.2 kda and the isoelectric point of 8.44. molecular structure ana ... | 2010 | 20423890 |
| antitumor activity of the water-soluble polysaccharide from hyriopsis cumingii in vitro. | as a freshwater pearl mussel, hyriopsis cumingii is widely cultured in china to produce pearls. this study was made to explore the antitumor activity of water-soluble polysaccharide (wsp) from mantles of h. cumingii. cell viability of human hepatocarcinoma hepg2 cells was estimated by mtt method. cell cycle analysis was determined by flow cytometry. apoptosis was observed under fluorescence microscopy and confirmed by dna fragment assay. reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction (rt-pcr) ... | 2010 | 20176778 |
| microcystin accumulation in freshwater bivalves from lake taihu, china, and the potential risk to human consumption. | the potential risk through ingestion of microcystins (mc) in contaminated mollusks has not been well studied. the present paper studied seasonal changes of mc content (determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) in various organs of three species of bivalves (cristaria plicata, hyriopsis cumingii, and lamprotula leai) in lake taihu, china, where toxic cyanobacterial blooms occurred. coinciding with peaks of seston mc (maximum, 5.7 microg/l) and mc in cyanobacterial blooms (maximum, 0. ... | 2007 | 17521156 |
| seasonal dynamics of the hepatotoxic microcystins in various organs of four freshwater bivalves from the large eutrophic lake taihu of subtropical china and the risk to human consumption. | so far, little is known on the distribution of hepatotoxic microcystin (mc) in various organs of bivalves, and there is no study on mc accumulation in bivalves from chinese waters. distribution pattern and seasonal dynamics of mc-lr, -yr and -rr in various organs (hepatopancreas, intestine, visceral mass, gill, foot, and rest) of four edible freshwater mussels (anodonta woodiana, hyriopsis cumingii, cristaria plicata, and lamprotula leai) were studied monthly during oct. 2003-sep. 2004 in lake t ... | 2005 | 16302170 |
| effects of hyriopsis cumingii polysaccharides on angiogenesis, macrophage chemotaxis, proliferation and phagocytosis. | anti-angiogenic activities of crude hyriopsis cumingii polysaccharides (hcps) and its purified fractions (hcps-1, hcps-2 and hcps-3) were evaluated in vivo using the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (cam) assay. the promoting effects of crude hcps and its purified fractions on the chemotaxis, proliferation and phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophage were tested by cell model in vitro and cyclophosphamide-induced immuno-suppression animal model in vivo. the results showed that hcps could sig ... | 2015 | 25620195 |
| characterization and functional analysis of a chitin synthase gene (hccs1) identified from the freshwater pearlmussel hyriopsis cumingii. | the triangle sail mussel, hyriopsis cumingii, is the most important freshwater pearl mussel in china. however, the mechanisms underlying its chitin-mediated shell and nacre formation remain largely unknown. here, we characterized a chitin synthase (cs) gene (hccs1) in h. cumingii, and analyzed its possible physiological function. the complete orf sequence of hccs1 contained 6903 bp, encoding a 2300-amino acid protein (theoretical molecular mass = 264 kda; isoelectric point = 6.22), and no putati ... | 2015 | 26782579 |
| protective effects of calcium on cadmium accumulation in co-cultured silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and triangle sail mussel (hyriopsis cumingii). | discovering cost effective strategies to reduce cadmium (cd) uptake is of great concern for consumer food safety in the aquaculture industry. this study investigated the protective effects of calcium (ca) on cd uptake in co-cultured silver carp (hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and triangle sail mussel (hyriopsis cumingii). the results show that ca-depending on its applied concentration-caused a significant decrease in the cd uptake into muscle (by 48 %-72 %), gills (by 51 %-57 %), liver (by 52 %-81 ... | 2016 | 27761596 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of cathepsin l from freshwater mussel, cristaria plicata. | cathepsin l is one of the crucial enzyme superfamilies and involved in the immune responses. the cathepsin l cdna and genome of cristaria plicata（cpcl） was cloned from the hemocytes using degenerate primers by the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the genomic dna was 9353 bp long and had a total of six introns and seven exons. the full-length cdna of cpcl was 1144 bp, the cdna contained a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 34 nucleotides, the 3' utr of 108 bp with a canonical polyadenyla ... | 2014 | 25038281 |
| evolution of the akh/corazonin/acp/gnrh receptor superfamily and their ligands in the protostomia. | in this review we trace the evolutionary connections between gnrh receptors from vertebrates and the receptors for adipokinetic hormone (akh), akh/corazonin-related peptide (acp), and corazonin from arthropods. we conclude that these g protein-coupled receptors (gpcrs) are closely related and have a common evolutionary origin, which dates back to the split of proto- and deuterostomia, about 700 million years ago. we propose that in the protostomian lineage, the ancestral gnrh-like receptor gene ... | 2014 | 25058364 |