| morphometric relationships of take-off speed in anuran amphibians. | locomotory speed correlates with muscle mass (determining force and stride rate), limb length (stride rate and distance), and laterally compressed body trunk (force and stride distance). to delineate generalization of the locomotory-morphometric relationships specifically in anuran amphibians, we investigated take-off speed and the three morphological variables from seven species, rana nigromaculata, r. rugosa, and bombina orientalis, eleuthrodectilus fitzingeri, e. diastema, bufo typhonius, col ... | 2003 | 12975797 |
| on rhinella gildae vaz-silva, maciel, bastos pombal 2015 (anura: bufonidae): phylogenetic relationship, morphological variation, advertisement and release calls and geographic distribution. | anurans in the rhinella margaritifera group have a long history of taxonomic confusion, mainly by morphological similarity between species and lack of acoustic and genetic data for many of the 19 described species. herein, we presented data for rhinella gildae based on recently collected specimens from its type locality. we provide patterns of morphological variation, measurements, advertisement and release calls and infer the phylogenetic position of r. gildae. the species geographical distribu ... | 2018 | 30314048 |
| chemical profile of the parotoid gland secretion of the amazonian toad (rhinella margaritifera). | the secreted poisonin bufonids (anura: bufonidae) include proteins, biogenic amines, toxic bufadienolides and alkaloids. the chemical composition of the methanolic extract of parotoid gland secretions by the amazonian toad rhinella margaritifera was evaluated in a uflc-dad-microtof system. of the twenty three compounds found in the methanolic extract, eighteen were identified by the mass/charge ratio as: five arginine diacids, six bufagenins (telocinobufagin, marinobufagin, bufotalin, cinobufota ... | 2020 | 32387184 |
| comparative cytogenetics of nine populations of the rhinella genus (anura, bufonidae) with a highlight on their conservative karyotype. | the genus rhinella is one of the most diverse groups of bufonid toads, currently composed by 93 valid species and naturally distributed throughout different neotropical ecoregions. here, we analyze nine brazilian populations of toads representing species of the rhinella margaritifera and rhinella marina groups. these new data include the first description of the r. hoogmoedi and r. proboscidae karyotypes, as well as other taxonomically unresolved forms. chromosomal analysis of the populations re ... | 2020 | 31259364 |
| toxicity characterization and environmental risk assessment of mancozeb on the south american common toad rhinella arenarum. | agricultural activity, especially the increasing use of pesticides, is considered one of the main reasons for the decline of amphibian populations. mancozeb (mcz) is one of the most used fungicides worldwide, despite its ancient use and toxicity demonstrated in different taxa. however, there is limited information about the effects of mcz in amphibians, which are keystones of riparian ecosystems. for species conservation purposes, it is essential to identify the most sensitive developmental peri ... | 2020 | 31838683 |
| redescription of oswaldocruzia chambrieri (strongylida: molineidae) from rhinella margaritifera (anura: bufonidae) in caxiuanã national forest, brazil. | oswaldocruzia chambrieri ben slimane et durette-desset, 1993 is redescribed from specimens collected from the small intestine of the south american common toad, rhinella margaritifera, from caxiuanã national forest in pará, brazil, using light and scanning microscopy and molecular analysis of cytochrome oxidase i (coi) - coding regions of dna. the discovered nematodes are characterized by a type iii caudal bursa with two papillae, rays 4 with a median groove, and spicules divided into a blade, a ... | 2016 | 27447222 |
| assessment of platyhelminth diversity within amphibians of french guiana revealed a new species of nanopolystoma (monogenea: polystomatidae) in the caecilian typhlonectes compressicauda. | an expedition was undertaken to french guiana in search of amphibian parasites. of the 23 anuran species collected and screened for polystomes, the toad rhinella margaritifera (laurenti) was the sole species found to be infected with a polystome, namely wetapolystoma almae gray, 1983. of the two caecilian species collected, a new species of nanopolystoma du preez, huyse et wilkinson, 2008 was discovered from the urinary bladder of the aquatic caecilian typhlonectes compressicauda (duméril et bib ... | 2014 | 25651695 |
| changes in the antioxidant metabolism in the embryonic development of the common south american toad bufo arenarum: differential responses to pesticide in early embryos and autonomous-feeding larvae. | amphibians may be critically challenged by aquatic contaminants during their embryonic development. many classes of compounds, including organophosphorus pesticides, are able to cause oxidative stress that affects the delicate cellular redox balance regulating tissue modeling. we determined the progression of antioxidant defenses during the embryonic development of the south american common toad, bufo arenarum. superoxide dismutase (sod) and catalase (cat) activities were high in the unfertilize ... | 2008 | 18752312 |
| revealing cryptic diversity using molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography in frogs of the scinax ruber and rhinella margaritifera species groups. | few studies to date have examined genetic variability of widespread tropical amphibian species over their distributional range using different kinds of molecular markers. here, we use genetic data in an attempt to delimit evolutionary entities within two groups of neotropical frogs, the scinax ruber species group and the rhinella margaritifera species group. we combined mitochondrial and nuclear markers for a phylogenetic (a total of approximately 2500 bp) and phylogeographic study (approximatel ... | 2007 | 17303441 |
| the identity of rana margaritifera laurenti, 1768 (anura, bufonidae). | rana margaritifera was described by laurenti in 1768 and currently is associated to the genus rhinella, under the combination rhinella margaritifera. currently, the r. margaritifera species group consists of 16 recognized species. furthermore, many additional species have been suggested to exist in this group which highlights the ambiguity surrounding the identity of rhinella margaritifera and impend further description of the species in this group. after an exhaustive bibliographic review, we c ... | 2013 | 26213763 |
| a new species of the rhinella margaritifera species group (anura, bufonidae) from the montane forest of the selva central, peru. | we describe a new species of the bufonid toad genus rhinella from transition montane forest of the buffer zones of the yanachaga-chemillén national park and the pui pui protected forest (eastern slopes of andes, selva central, peru). the new species belongs to the rhinella margaritifera species group (confirmed by mtdna data) and differs from all its members by the absence of tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus. it is characterized by medium size (svl 57.5-65.5 mm, n = 5), moderately develope ... | 2014 | 24493953 |
| evaluation in situ of genotoxicity and stress in south american common toad rhinella arenarum in environments related to fluorite mine. | little attention has been paid to the impact of wastewater generated by mining activities on fluoride. in this study, we evaluated the hematology responses of common south american toad rhinella arenarum inhabiting natural and artificial environments associated with a fluorite mine from central argentina. we analyzed three sampling stations associated with the fluorite mine: (i) los cerros negros stream (cn), which runs on granitic rock with a high fluorite content; (ii) los vallecitos stream (l ... | 2017 | 28634794 |