| amphibian optokinetic after nystagmus: properties and comparative analysis in various species. | optokinetic nystagmus and after nystagmus were studied in six amphibian species, three urodeles and three anurans. it was demonstrated that two of the urodeles, hydromantes italicus and salamandra salamandra, display a relatively well-developed optokinetic after nystagmus, which is less pronounced in bombina variegata and nearly absent in bufo bufo, rana temporaria, and tylototriton verrucosus. these results indicate a certain degree of velocity storage in the optokinetic reflex of some amphibia ... | 1986 | 3105809 |
| salamanders on the bench - a biocompatibility study of salamander skin secretions in cell cultures. | salamanders have evolved a wide variety of antipredator mechanisms and behavior patterns, including toxins and noxious or adhesive skin secretions. the high bonding strength of the natural bioadhesives makes these substances interesting for biomimetic research and applications in industrial and medical sectors. secretions of toxic species may help to understand the direct effect of harmful substances on the cellular level. in the present study, the biocompatibility of adhesive secretions from fo ... | 2017 | 28551363 |
| purification and characterization of cholecystokinin from the skin of salamander tylototriton verrucosus. | as a group of intestinal hormones and neurotransmitters, cholecystokinins (ccks) regulate and affect pancreatic enzyme secretion, gastrointestinal motility, pain hypersensitivity, digestion and satiety, and generally contain a dymgwmdfg sequence at the c-terminus. many ccks have been reported in mammals. however, only a few have been reported in amphibians, such as hyla nigrovittata, xenopus laevis, and rana catesbeiana, with none reported in urodele amphibians like newts and salamanders. here, ... | 2015 | 26018861 |
| dining dichotomy: aquatic and terrestrial prey capture behavior in the himalayan newt tylototriton verrucosus. | transitions between aquatic and terrestrial prey capture are challenging. trophic shifts demand a high degree of behavioral flexibility to account for different physical circumstances between water and air to keep performance in both environments. the himalayan newt, tylototriton verrucosus, is mostly terrestrial but becomes aquatic during its short breeding period. nonetheless, it was assumed that it lacks the capability of trophic behavioral flexibility, only captures prey on land by its tongu ... | 2016 | 27612510 |
| a missing geographic link in the distribution of the genus echinotriton (caudata: salamandridae) with description of a new species from southern china. | disjunct geographic distribution of a species or a group of species is the product of long-term interaction between organisms and the environment. filling the distributional gap by discovery of a new population or a species has significant biogeographic implications, because it suggests a much wider past distribution and provides evidence for the route of range expansion/contraction. the salamandrid genus echinotriton (commonly known as spiny salamanders, spiny newts, or crocodile newts) has two ... | 2014 | 25543556 |
| a potential wound-healing-promoting peptide from salamander skin. | although it is well known that wound healing proceeds incredibly quickly in urodele amphibians, such as newts and salamanders, little is known about skin-wound healing, and no bioactive/effector substance that contributes to wound healing has been identified from these animals. as a step toward understanding salamander wound healing and skin regeneration, a potential wound-healing-promoting peptide (tylotoin; kcvrqnnkrvck) was identified from salamander skin of tylototriton verrucosus. it shows ... | 2014 | 24868009 |
| an attempt at captive breeding of the endangered newt echinotriton andersoni, from the central ryukyus in japan. | anderson's crocodile newt (echinotriton andersoni) is distributed in the central ryukyu islands of southern japan, but environmental degradation and illegal collection over the last several decades have devastated the local populations. it has therefore been listed as a class b1 endangered species in the iucn red list, indicating that it is at high risk of extinction in the wild. the species is also protected by law in both okinawa and kagoshima prefectures. an artificial insemination technique ... | 2013 | 26479528 |
| phylogeny and biogeography of the anderson's crocodile newt, echinotriton andersoni (amphibia: caudata), as revealed by mitochondrial dna sequences. | the anderson's crocodile newt, echinotriton andersoni, is considered a relic and endangered species distributed in the central ryukyus. to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and detailed genetic structures among populations, we analyzed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. results strongly support a primary dichotomy between populations from the amami and okinawa island groups with substantial genetic divergence, favoring a primary divergence between the two island groups. within ... | 2012 | 22846685 |
| mitochondrial genomes and divergence times of crocodile newts: inter-islands distribution of echinotriton andersoni and the origin of a unique repetitive sequence found in tylototriton mt genomes. | crocodile newts, which constitute the genera echinotriton and tylototriton, are known as living fossils, and these genera comprise many endangered species. to identify mitochondrial (mt) genes suitable for future population genetic analyses for endangered taxa, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the mt genomes of the japanese crocodile newt echinotriton andersoni and himalayan crocodile newt tylototriton verrucosus. although the control region (cr) is known as the most variable m ... | 2012 | 22531793 |
| biological activities of skin secretions of the salamander tylototriton verrucosus. | water-soluble skin secretions of salamander tylototriton verrucosus, first described by anderson in 1871, were studied for their biological and enzymatic activities. they were found to be toxic to mice with an intraperitoneal ld50 of 11.5 mg/kg. using sephadex g-75 gel filtration, it was proven that the toxic components of the secretions are proteins with molecular weights ranging from 30,000 to 50,000 da. the secretions of t. verrucosus display a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activities and al ... | 2002 | 12182544 |
| possible usefulness of burmese newt, tylototriton verrucosus anderson, in teratogenesis studies. | | 1979 | 522427 |
| [chromosome studies of tylototriton verrucosus anderson and of viable hybrids from pleurodeles waltlii (female) x tylototriton verrucosus (male) (urodele amphibians, salamandridae)]. | | 1973 | 4712857 |
| [realization of a viable intergeneric hybrid between 2 european and asiatic amphibian urodeles (female pleurodeles waltlii x male tylototriton verrucosus, salamandridae)]. | | 1971 | 4997327 |
| integrative taxonomy reveals three new taxa within the tylototriton asperrimus complex (caudata, salamandridae) from vietnam. | the tylototriton asperrimus complex from northern vietnam is reviewed based on morphological comparisons and analysis of the mitochondrial marker nadh dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nd2). based on molecular divergences, which were revealed to be higher than in other congeners, in concert with morphological differences, two new species and one subspecies are described herein: tylototriton pasmansisp. nov. differs from t. asperrimussensu stricto by 3.2 to 3.6 % genetic divergence and a combination of di ... | 2020 | 32508505 |
| cranial shape evolution of extant and fossil crocodile newts and its relation to reproduction and ecology. | the diversity of the vertebrate cranial shape of phylogenetically related taxa allows conclusions on ecology and life history. as pleurodeline newts (the genera echinotriton, pleurodeles and tylototriton) have polymorphic reproductive modes, they are highly suitable for following cranial shape evolution in relation to reproduction and environment. we investigated interspecific differences externally and differences in the cranial shape of pleurodeline newts via two-dimensional geometric morphome ... | 2020 | 32297321 |
| a new species of crocodile newt, genus tylototriton (amphibia, caudata, salamandridae) from the mountains of kachin state, northern myanmar. | we describe a new species of the genus tylototriton from ingyin taung mt., mohnyin township, kachin state, myanmar, based on morphological and molecular evidence. the new species is assigned to the subgenus tylototriton s. str. and is clearly distinct from all known congeners by the following characters: medium body size; thin, long tail, lacking lateral grooves; rough skin; truncate snout; wide, protruding supratemporal bony ridges on head, beginning at anterior corner of orbit; weak, almost in ... | 2019 | 31011130 |
| a new species of crocodile newt tylototriton (caudata: salamandridae) from shan state, myanmar (burma). | a phylogenetic taxonomic analysis of a monophyletic subgroup of the salamandrid genus tylototriton revealed that a newly discovered population from ngar su village, 1 km south of ywangan, shan state, myanmar is a new species and most closely related to t. shanorum from approximately 80 km to the west in the vicinity of taunggyi, shan state. tylototriton ngarsuensis sp. nov. differs from other closely related species of tylototriton on basis of varying combinations of characteristics associated w ... | 2018 | 30486050 |
| form and function of the skin glands in the himalayan newt tylototriton verrucosus. | amphibians have evolved a remarkable diversity of defensive mechanisms against predators. one of the most conspicuous components in their defense is related to their ability to produce and store a high variety of bioactive (noxious to poisonous) substances in specialized skin glands. previous studies have shown that t. verrucosus is poisonous with the potential to truly harm or even kill would-be predators by the effect of its toxic skin secretions. however, little is known on form and function ... | 2018 | 29942644 |