| inheritance of allozyme variants in bishop pine (pinus muricuta d. don). | isozyme phenotypes are described for 45 structural loci and 1 modifier locus in bishop pine (pinus muricata d. don,) and segregation data are presented for a subset of 31 polymorphic loci from 19 enzyme systems. all polymorphic loci had alleles that segregated within single-locus mendelian expectations, although one pair of alleles at each of three loci showed significant segregation distortion. the consistency of resolution and segregation at many loci in bishop pine makes electrophoretic analy ... | 1985 | 3866576 |
| chloroplast dna diversity among trees, populations and species in the california closed-cone pines (pinus radiata, pinus muricata and pinus attenuata). | the amount, distribution and mutational nature of chloroplast dna polymorphisms were studied via analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in three closely related species of conifers, the california closed-cone pines-knobcone pine: pinus attenuata lemm.; bishop pine: pinus muricata d. don; and monterey pine: pinus radiata d. don. genomic dna from 384 trees representing 19 populations were digested with 9-20 restriction enzymes and probed with cloned cpdna fragments from douglas-fir ... | 1993 | 7905846 |
| community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a pinus muricata forest: minimal overlap between the mature forest and resistant propagule communities. | we have investigated colonization strategies by comparing the abundance and frequency of ectomycorrhizal fungal species on roots in a mature pinus muricata forest with those present as resistant propagules colonizing potted seedlings grown in the same soil samples. thirty-seven fungal species were distinguished by internal transcribed spacer (its) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps); most were identified to species level by sporocarp rflp matches or to genus/family level by using s ... | 1999 | 10620228 |
| priority effects determine the outcome of ectomycorrhizal competition between two rhizopogon species colonizing pinus muricata seedlings. | competition is often considered a fundamental process influencing assemblage structure, yet little is known about competition among ectomycorrhizal (em) fungi. here, we examine competitive interactions between rhizopogon occidentalis and rhizopogon salebrosus in a 6-month microcosm study. pinus muricata seedlings were grown in three em treatments: r. occidentalis, r. salebrosus, and r. occidentalis and r. salebrosus. at 2, 4, and 6 months, five seedlings per treatment were harvested and the em r ... | 2005 | 15819925 |
| spore dispersal of a resupinate ectomycorrhizal fungus, tomentella sublilacina, via soil food webs. | patterns of fungal spore dispersal affect gene flow, population structure and fungal community structure. many basidiomycota produce resupinate (crust-like) basidiocarps buried in the soil. although spores are actively discharged, they often do not appear to be well positioned for aerial dispersal. we investigated the potential spore dispersal mechanisms of one exemplar of this growth form, tomentella sublilacina. it is a widespread ectomycorrhizal fungus that sporulates in the soil organic hori ... | 2005 | 16457345 |
| the effect of different pine hosts on the sampling of rhizopogon spore banks in five eastern sierra nevada forests. | our primary goal was to determine whether detection of rhizopogon internal transcribed spacer (its) groups is affected by the pine species used in seedling bioassays. our secondary goal was to investigate composition of rhizopogon spore banks in the eastern sierra nevada of california, a previously unsampled region. we used seedlings of pinus contorta, pinus jeffreyi, pinus lambertiana, and pinus muricata as bioassay plants and identified the rhizopogon retrieved by internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2006 | 16626476 |
| determining the outcome of field-based competition between two rhizopogon species using real-time pcr. | interest in the ecology of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungi has increased considerably, but little is known about interspecific interactions among ecm species. we examined competitive interactions between rhizopogon occidentalis and r. salebrosus at point reyes national seashore, california, usa. at three field sites, species abundances were compared in single- and two-species treatments on pinus muricata seedlings inoculated with spores. competition for root tips was assessed using real-time polymer ... | 2007 | 17284218 |
| host islands within the california northern channel islands create fine-scale genetic structure in two sympatric species of the symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungus rhizopogon. | we have examined fine-scale genetic structure of the symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi rhizopogon occidentalis and r. vulgaris on two of the california channel islands using five and six microsatellite loci, respectively. both rhizopogon species are sympatric on santa cruz and santa rosa islands and are ectomycorrhizal with bishop pine (pinus muricata) on both islands or santa rosa island torrey pine (p. torreyana ssp. insularis) on santa rosa. the combination of disjunct pine host distributions a ... | 2007 | 17444894 |
| interactions of biotic and abiotic environmental factors in an ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, and the potential for selection mosaics. | geographic selection mosaics, in which species exert different evolutionary impacts on each other in different environments, may drive diversification in coevolving species. we studied the potential for geographic selection mosaics in plant-mycorrhizal interactions by testing whether the interaction between bishop pine (pinus muricata d. don) and one of its common ectomycorrhizal fungi (rhizopogon occidentalis zeller and dodge) varies in outcome, when different combinations of plant and fungal g ... | 2008 | 18507825 |
| within-population genetic variability in mycorrhizal interactions. | the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution hypothesizes that natural selection on species interactions varies among ecosystems, partly because the genes involved in species interactions differ in their fitness effects among environments. this selection mosaic may be expressed, at the extreme, as ecological outcomes ranging from mutualism to parasitism among environments. in a recent laboratory experiment on the interaction between a plant, bishop pine (pinus muricata), and a root-symbiotic ecto ... | 2009 | 19704904 |
| pixe analysis to estimate the elemental composition of ectomycorrhizal rhizomorphs grown in contact with different minerals in forest soil. | the aim of this study was to investigate possible interactions between minerals and ectomycorrhizal (em) mycelia. fungal rhizomorphs growing in association with apatite and/or biotite were sampled both from a laboratory experimental system (rhizopogon sp. and pinus muricata) and from mesh bags buried in forest soil in the field. the elemental composition of the samples was analyzed with particle-induced x-ray emission (pixe). many em rhizomorphs associated with apatite in laboratory systems and ... | 2002 | 19709194 |
| root tip competition among ectomycorrhizal fungi: are priority effects a rule or an exception? | competition for root colonization among ectomycorrhizal fungi is well documented, but the mechanisms determining competitive outcomes are not clearly understood. in a previous study, we observed that timing of colonization (i.e., a priority effect) had a significant effect on the outcome of competition between two ectomycorrhizal (em) fungi in the genus rhizopogon. in this study, we explicitly tested the role of priority effects in competition among em fungi by experimentally manipulating the ti ... | 2009 | 19739372 |
| suillus quiescens, a new species commonly found in the spore bank in california and oregon. | suillus quiescens sp. nov. is common under pinus muricata on santa cruz and santa rosa islands in the northern channel islands of california, and we subsequently found it fruiting at point reyes national seashore on the central coast of california. sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region show that it is distinct from all 44 species of suillus tested, and features of its morphology separate it from all other unsequenced species. suillus quiescens has a broader distribution than coas ... | 2010 | 20361510 |
| rhizopogon spore bank communities within and among california pine forests. | in this study we examine the distribution of rhizopogon species in spore banks from five california pine forests. four of the forest sites were discontinuous populations of pinus muricata and a fifth was a pinus ponderosa stand in sierra national forest. rhizopogon species were retrieved by bioassaying the soils with pine seedlings followed by isolation of axenic cultures from individual root tips with typical rhizopogon ectomycorrhizal morphology. the cultures were screened by its-rflp and all ... | 2003 | 21148969 |
| colonization-competition tradeoffs as a mechanism driving successional dynamics in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities. | colonization-competition tradeoffs have been shown to be important determinants of succession in plant and animal communities, but their role in ectomycorrhizal (ecm) fungal communities is not well understood. to experimentally examine whether strong spore-based competitors remain dominant on plant root tips as competition shifts to mycelial-based interactions, we investigated the mycelial competitive interactions among three naturally co-occurring ecm species (rhizopogon occidentalis, r. salebr ... | 2011 | 21949867 |