| the jumping mechanism of xenopsylla cheopis. i. exoskeletal structures and musculature. | the jumping apparatus of the flea, which includes highly modified direct and indirect flight muscles, is described: attention is drawn to the various specializations of the exoskeleton which stiffen the thorax and also provide the 'click' mechanism triggering take-off. a finger-like invagination of tall cells within the cavity of the developing pleural arch of the pharate adult secretes the resilin pad. this is illustrated with coloured photographs. it is suggested that winglessness of a mecopte ... | 1975 | 1804 |
| the jumping mechanism of xenopsylla cheopis. ii. the fine structure of the jumping muscle. | the ultrastructure of the trochanteral depressor muscle of the oriental rat flea is described. it is shown to be similar to that of the tubular leg muscles of other insects except in the volume and arrangement of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. the sarcoplasmic reticulum occupies approximately 18% of the volume of the muscle fibres. it is in three configurations:a regular array of parallel tubules opposite the a-band, a collar of sacculi involved in the formation of the dyads at the edge of the a-ba ... | 1975 | 1805 |
| the jumping mechanism of xenopsylla cheopis. iii. execution of the jump and activity. | the flea's hind legs are the chief source of jumping power, but in species which execute large jumps, take-off is accelerated by elastic energy released from a resilin pad (homologous with the wing hinge ligaments of flying insects) situated in the pleural arch. a central click mechanism, operated by a rapid twitch of the trochanteral depressor (the starter muscle), synchronizes the separate sources of energy which power the jump. ciné photos confirm the morphological evidence that the flea take ... | 1975 | 1806 |
| ultrastructural comparison of the midgut epithelia of fleas with different feeding behavior patterns (xenopsylla cheopis, echidnophaga gallinacea, tunga penetrans, siphonaptera, pulicidae). | this morphological study describes the ultrastructure of the midgut of three flea species, including temporary parasitic fleas (both sexes of xenopsylla cheopis, males and immature females of echidnophaga gallinacea and tunga penetrans) and stationary parasitic fleas (mature females of e. gallinacea and t. penetrans). (1) three cell types (a,b,c) constitute the midgut epithelium, each appearing in a characteristic and constant frequency along the whole midgut, a) the functional digestive cells f ... | 1976 | 8972 |
| [the preservation of the causative agent of intestinal yersiniosis in xenopsylla cheopis fleas]. | experimentally infected fleas of x. cheopis are capable of preserving two strains of y. enterocolitica. one of the strains was found to belong to the 3rd, the other to the 9th serotype. the both strains actively multiplied and accumulated in great amount (up to several millions of microbial cells) in ectoparasites which were maintained at 6 to 8 degrees c. at a temperature of 18 to 21 degrees c some part of fleas gradually became free from the agent that was favoured by their periodical feeding ... | 1979 | 95814 |
| [the proventriculus of the xenopsylla cheopis flea studied by scanning electron microscopy]. | the proventriculus of the flea x. cheopis was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. the external surface of the proventriculus is a rigid structure with an alveolate surface ("wasp nest") formed by muscular cords. the internal surface of the proventriculus is represented by numerous acanthae which fall close together. they have a shape of bent dens with longitudinal sharply angular edges and concave spaces between them. some edges are crenate. | 1979 | 95815 |
| insecticide susceptibility of some vector fleas and mosquitoes in burma. | rat fleas and mosquitoes are insect vectors of public health importance in burma. plague is endemic in central burma and ddt has been the principal insecticide used for its control to date. dengue haemorrhagic fever, recently introduced and transmitted by aedes aegypti, has been spreading to major towns since 1971. the rodents, rattus rattus, r. exulans, bandicota bengalensis, mus musculus, as well as shrews were commonly caught during routine trapping in the country. rattus norvegicus, prevalen ... | 1975 | 131975 |
| [changes in the numbers of the causative agent of intestinal yersiniasis (yersinia enterocolitica) in xenopsylla cheopis (aphaniptera) fleas in the process of blood digestion]. | in infected fleas the agent of intestinal yersiniosis underwents a complex cycle of quantitative changes after each feeding. a species belonging of blood consumed greatly affected the dynamics of the agent abundance. the general peculiarity of the development of microbes in insects, which fed on various animals (white mice, sirian hamsters, white rats and guinea pigs), is characterized by the decrease in the abundance of the agent during the first hours after feeding. this was followed by an act ... | 1979 | 492770 |
| [change in the frequency of blocking in xenopsylla cheopis (aphaniptera) fleas infected with the causative agent of plague under the action of indandione blood anticoagulants]. | | 1979 | 583178 |
| murine typhus and spotted fever in israel in the seventies. | one hundred and eleven cases of rickettsial disease-100 cases of murine typhus and 11 cases spotted fever--seen over a four year period at the chaim sheba medical center are reviewed. the clinical picture of murine typhus (caused by rickettsia mooseri and transmitted by xenopsylla cheopis) could not be distinguished from that of spotted fever (caused by a rickettsia similar to rickettsia conori and transmitted by rhipicephalus). some quite severe cases of murine typhus and some relatively mild c ... | 1977 | 881266 |
| studies on host-flea relationship. iv. progesterone and cortisone do not influence the reproductive potentials of rat fleas xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild) and x. astia (rothschild). | experiments carried out to study the influence of progesterone and cortisone on the initiation of ovarian maturation, fecundity rate and fertility of the two species of rat fleas xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild) and x. astia (rothschild) indicated that these hormones do not exert any influence on their reproductive potentials. this along with earlier observations show that the factors which regulate ovarian maturation and fecundity in these rat fleas are different from those of the rabbit flea sp ... | 1976 | 961004 |
| studies on the host-flea relationship. iii nutritional efficacy of blood meal of rat fleas xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild) and xenopsylla astia (rothschild). | rat fleas, xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild) and x. astia (rothschild) were fed artificially on whole blood, milk and blood fractions in an attempt to identify the factor(s) which trigger ovarian maturation. blood from the white rat, house rat, white mouse, frog, chick and man fed artificially induced vitellogenesis in over 50% of fleas of all combinations except in x. cheopis fed on chick blood. gut distension alone had no influence on initiation of vitellogenesis as judged by feeding milk. washe ... | 1976 | 999361 |
| [characteristics of digestion of blood of different animals by the flea xenopsylla cheopis]. | under experimental conditions fleas x. cheopis engorged and assimilated blood of 4 species of rodents, man, pigeon and two species of reptiles. histological investigations have shown that the structure of food clot, destruction rate of blood cells and general duration of digestion are changed considerably depending on the host's blood. in females the digestion of white mice blood to haematin at 23-24 degrees lasted not over 12 hours, the digestion of blood of hamsters and man - 12 to 20 hours, ... | 1976 | 1023147 |
| [effect of the bacterial preparation, insectin, on the fleas xenopsylla cheopis]. | the effect of 0.2-2 mg/g of insectine (bacillus insectus) upon the ist-iind stage larvae of x. cheopis is very negligible but it manifests itself in the subsequent low (9 to 30%) development and hatching of imagos. the iii stage larvae are more resistent and after the effect of 10 mg/g of the preparation 9% of larvae formed cocoons which later developed into imagos. adult fleas poorly responded to 0.2-2 mg/g of insectine. however, 10-30 mg/g of insectine caused in four days a mass death of fleas ... | 1976 | 1023149 |
| murine typhus rickettsiae in the oriental rat flea. | | 1975 | 1072599 |
| reproduction, structure and host specificity of trypanosoma (herpetosoms) tamiasi sp. n. from the eastern chipmunk, tamias striatus. | trypanosoma (herpetosoma) tamiasi sp. n. is described from blood and organs of the eastern chipmunk, tamias striatus, and the least chipmunk, eutamias minimus. in experimentally infected tamias striatus and e. minimus, trypanosoma tamiasi reproduced by equal binary fission in the trypo-, sphaero-, epi-, or amastigote form, mainly in lymphoid organs. trypomastigotes developed from amastigotes through epimastigotes, or from sphaeromastigotes, mainly in the same organs. the mean lengths of body ... | 1975 | 1117439 |
| [notes on fleas (siphonaptera) in plague foci on the tay nguyen plateau (vietnam)]. | the fleas of wild and commensal small mammals, domestic animals (dogs, cats) and free-living flea forms in houses have been collected in plague nidi of tay nguyen plate, dak-lak province, vietnam. pulex irritans, ctenocephalides felis felis, ct. felis orientis were found in the houses on dogs, cats and on the ground floor. commensal rats in populated areas were infested by xenopsylla cheopis and rarely by lentistivalius klossi. the agricultural zone was inhabited by both home and wild animals su ... | 1992 | 1299806 |
| xenopsylla bantorum is an east african subspecies of x. cheopis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | the geographic distribution, host association, and male genital morphology of xenopsylla bantorum jordan were examined and compared with the nilotic and oriental "strains" of xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild). the more acute shape of the ninth sternite separates x. bantorum from all types of x. cheopis; however, the length of the first process of the male's clasper and the number of setae on this process are significantly different among all three groups; the nilotic strain of x. cheopis is interm ... | 1992 | 1460630 |
| ectoparasites of commensal rodents in sulawesi utara, indonesia, with notes on species of medical importance. | ectoparasite records are presented for four species of commensal murid rodents (rattus rattus palelae miller & hollister, r. argentiventer (robinson & kloss), r. exulans (peale) and mus musculus castaneus waterhouse) in sulawesi utara, with particular reference to the potential for these arthropods to bite and transmit pathogens to humans. the flea, xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild), was most common on r.r. palelae and is capable of transmitting plague and other pathogens to humans although no cur ... | 1991 | 1768888 |
| distribution and incidence of ectoparasites on small mammals in a rainforest belt of southern nigeria. | a total of 174 small mammalian hosts were trapped in ekpoma, bendel state, nigeria from october, 1986 to september, 1987 and examined for ectoparasites. 108 infested hosts had 10 species of ectoparasites comprising three species of mites (laelaps (echinolaelaps) muricola, laelaps (e.) gigantea and laelaps (e.) echidninus); two species of ticks (amblyomma variegatum and ixodes sp.); two species of fleas (xenopsylla cheopis and x. braziliensis); and on especies each of sucking lice (polyplax spinu ... | 1991 | 1928798 |
| cytogenetics of fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae). 1. rat fleas of the genus xenopsylla. | five populations of xenopsylla cheopis exhibit a chromosome complement of 2n = 17, x1x2y (male), and 2n = 18, x1x1x2x2 (female). a detailed analysis of populations of x. astia from bombay and trivandrum led to the identification of two distinct cytotypes which hybridisation studies indicated were sibling species. these are referred to as x. astia with a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 18, x1x2x3y (male), and 2n = 20, x1x1x2x2x3x3 (female) and x. prasadii with 2n = 10, x1x2y1y2 (male), and 2n = ... | 1991 | 1935257 |
| [studies on esterase isoenzyme of three species of flea]. | the patterns of esterase (est) isoenzyme of 3 flea species were studied by vertical slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the samples prepared from the third larval instar, female and male (the unsucking and sucked one) were run in the same gel slab. the result was as follows: xenopsylla cheopis showed 14 bands, with 5-6 major bands, ctenocephalides felis felis showed 9 bands with 4-5 major bands and nosopsyllus laeviceps kuzenkovi showed 9 bands with 4-5 major bands. these three speci ... | 1991 | 1959176 |
| distribution and insecticide resistance of the plague flea xenopsylla cheopis in maharashtra state, india. | distributions are reported for commensal rat fleas, predominantly xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild), in the state of maharashtra, india, including the city of bombay, during 1965-80. the x.cheopis flea index was high in most parts of maharashtra, but low in bombay. rattus rattus linnaeus is the principal host of x.cheopis, but the host range includes bandicota bengalensis gray, golunda ellioti gray, mus musculus linnaeus, rattus blandfordi thomas, r. norvegicus berkenhout, suncus caerulaeus lerr, ... | 1990 | 2132973 |
| characterization of the salivary apyrase activity of three rodent flea species. | 1. salivary gland lysates of the adult female fleas oropsylla bacchi, orchopea howardi and xenopsylla cheopis hydrolyse atp and adp, but not amp, thus characterizing the existence of a salivary apyrase activity. 2. in all species mg++ or ca++ function as activators, and a ph optimum between 7 and 8 is observed. 3. salivary gland lysates of male fleas contain significantly smaller amounts of the enzyme activity than do those of female fleas. 4. immediately following a blood meal, apyrase activity ... | 1990 | 2158411 |
| detection of murine typhus infected fleas with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of rickettsia typhi antigen in homogenates of pooled or individual laboratory infected fleas is described. the assay uses a double sandwich technique, employing a pool of monoclonal antibodies to capture the antigen and a hyperimmune rabbit serum for antigen detection. using pools of r. typhi infected xenopsylla cheopis, ctenocephalides felis, and leptopsylla segnis, the sensitivity of the elisa was compared with direct fluorescent a ... | 1989 | 2499204 |
| experimental transmission of murine typhus by xenopsylla cheopis flea bites. | transmission of rickettsia typhi to rats by the bites of xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild) fleas was investigated. procedures rigorously excluded the possibility of contamination of the host skin by flea faeces. fleas with r. typhi infection (21-25 days post-infection) which fed through bolting cloth (45 min exposure to ten fleas) transmitted rickettsiae with a success rate of 20%. infective fleas allowed free access to their host for 8 h (10-15 fleas/rat) gave transmission rates of 45-68%. they w ... | 1989 | 2519693 |
| [the action of a juvenile hormone synthetic analog--ether-farnesol on xenopsylla cheopis fleas]. | the authors tested the effect of the analogue of juvenile hormone (ajh), ether-farnesol, synthesized at the institute of chemistry of the academy of sciences of essr (the city of tallin), on immature stages of x. cheopis. when testing the following doses of ajh (0.0025, 0.00025, 0.000025, 0.0000025 ml per lg of substrate, consisting of sand and dry bull blood, for feeding larvae) it was established that the dose of 0.0025 ml/g causes 100% mortality of insects on the 2nd day of the experiment. 10 ... | 1989 | 2616197 |
| problems of housing and health of people utilizing the garbage in cairo from the viewpoint of medical entomology. | more than 50 arthropod species were found at two dumping-grounds with dwelling-places (mokattam and ezbet el nakhl) in cairo. their importance was evaluated from the epidemiological and epizootological points of view. of primary importance is the great prevalence of the fleas (xenopsylla cheopis) on brown rats (rattus norvegicus), since the rats are in a close contact with people. they are often simultaneously parasitized with another flea species, ctenocephalides felis felis, which is very freq ... | 1989 | 2634080 |
| suncus murinus. observations on ecology, distribution, status to plague in bombay. | the common house shrew suncus murinus has been shown to play an important role in maintenance and perpetuation of plague infection by earlier plague workers. with the control of human plague there is no knowledge about foci of plague in small mammals associated with man. present study was carried out to fill in this lacuna. studies carried out in the present paper reveal that s. murinus does not harbour any plague infection in bombay. this species is widely distributed in bombay and is found to ... | 1989 | 2723422 |
| use of dna hybridizations probes for detection of the plague bacillus (yersinia pestis) in fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae and ceratophyllidae). | the detection of active plaque in nature relies primarily on demonstration of the etiologic agent of the disease. yersinia pestis, in the flea vectors and susceptible mammalian hosts. a live animal assay is currently used for identification of a y. pestis virulence antigen that is not expressed in the flea. we have found that dna hybridization probes specific for y. pestis, used in very simple sample preparation schemes, allow detection of y. pestis in three species of fleas as well as tissues o ... | 1989 | 2769715 |
| [the repellent action of the mannich bases of phenol methoxy derivatives for aedes aegypti mosquitoes and xenopsylla cheopis fleas]. | repellent effect of the mannich bases (methoxyphenol derivatives) on aedes aegypti mosquitoes and xenopsylla cheopis fleas was revealed under laboratory and field conditions. the mannich base l-methoxy-2-hydroxy-3-(dibutylaminomethyl) benzene turned to the most effective among the substances tested. | 1989 | 2779494 |
| rat leucocyte response to the bites of rat fleas (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | the host response to bites of the oriental rat flea, xenopyslla cheopis rothschild, was investigated by examining rat blood leucocyte kinetics, histopathology, and the effect that the host response had upon subsequent flea feeding and longevity. test rats were subjected to controlled exposures of fleas, and leucocyte data from test rats were compared to those of unexposed controls. of the five leucocyte types examined, only the basophil appeared to play a role in the host blood response to flea ... | 1989 | 2795616 |
| suppression of rickettsia typhi transmission in fleas maintained on murine typhus-immune rats. | the presence of host antibodies against rickettsia typhi in the hemolymph of xenopsylla cheopis fed on immune rats was studied using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (ifa) test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the time course experiment revealed that antibody to r. typhi appears in the flea hemolymph after 18 hr exposure to host and persists for 24 hr. ifa tests utilizing specific antisera to rat igg (fc) and rat igg (fab) fragments, indicate that some unaltered rat igg to r. ... | 1987 | 3120611 |
| murine typhus among khmers living at an evacuation site on the thai-kampuchean border. | an outbreak of febrile disease involving 170 khmer adults at an evacuation site in thailand occurred during the dry season of 1986, only 8 months after the camp was constructed. the illnesses were characterized by persistent fever, retro-orbital headache, myalgias, and clinical response to tetracycline within 2-3 days. the symptoms, effectiveness of tetracycline, and presence of a large rat population raised the suspicion of murine typhus. fourteen (74%) of 19 patients had elevated or rising ant ... | 1988 | 3124646 |
| [finding of the flea xenopsylla cheopis roths. in nests of the common vole (microtus arvalis pall.) in leningrad]. | | 1985 | 3156305 |
| response of the larvae and pupae of the oriental rat flea (siphonaptera: pulicidae) to chemicals of different chemical types. | | 1988 | 3198860 |
| toxic and morphological effects of bacillus thuringiensis preparations on larval stages of the oriental rat flea (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | | 1988 | 3216067 |
| the influence of the polish juvenoid cyklopren on the development and survival of xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild, 1903) (siphonaptera)--the principal vector of plague in man. | | 1986 | 3440169 |
| [sensitivity of fleas, xenopsylla cheopis, from the tananarive region to deltamethrin and propoxur]. | | 1987 | 3451707 |
| the seasonal variation of infestation rate with xenopsylla cheopis among r. norvegicus in qaluobiya governorate (egypt). | | 1987 | 3572053 |
| [autoradiographic research on the midgut epithelium of the flea xenopsylla cheopis]. | | 1987 | 3576700 |
| [effect of 2 analogs of juvenile hormone on the metamorphosis of xenopsylla cheopis roths]. | | 1987 | 3626980 |
| [pathogenic action of the plague microbe on the flea xenopsylla cheopis and the ultrastructure of the causative agent at various times of its stay in the vector]. | pathology of gastro-intestinal tract of xenopsylla cheopis fleas infected with plague microbe was determined by means of electron microscopy. ultrastructure of plague microbe during different periods of its stay in the vector was studied. | 1986 | 3703571 |
| laboratory evaluation of diethyl phenyl acetamide & other insect repellents against rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild). | | 1986 | 3733201 |
| efficacy of ultrasound for german cockroach (orthoptera: blattellidae) and oriental rat flea (siphonoptera): pulicidae) control. | | 1986 | 3745630 |
| [ectoparasites of rodents of the urban region of belo horizonte, mg. ii. variations of the infestation indices in rattus norvegicus norvegicus]. | the indices of infestation by the mites echinolaelaps echidninus and laelaps nuttalli, the louse popyplax spinulosa and the flea xenopsylla cheopis, obtained monthly, from june 1980 to september 1982, on rattus norvegicus norvegicus in the city of belo horizonte, minas gerais state, brazil were related to seasonal period, sex of the host and area of capture. mites and insects showed different behaviour in relation to these factors. only the fleas and lice exhibit significant association between ... | 1985 | 3836329 |
| [ectoparasites in rodents of the urban region of belo horizonte, mg. iii. fleas, anoplura and acari indices in rattus norvegicus norvegicus]. | the total and specific indices of fleas, lice and mites were determined for ectoparasites on rattus norvegicus norvegicus capture in urban areas of belo horizonte, minas state, brazil, from june 1980 to september 1982. in view of the limiting or critical values attributed to flea indices above all the "cheopis" index, proposed by several authors as a complementary measure for bubonic plague surveillance, the community of belo horizonte would have been exposed to this infection. the annual total ... | 1985 | 3837169 |
| transmission of murine typhus rickettsiae by xenopsylla cheopis, with notes on experimental infection and effects of temperature. | in studies on experimental infection of rickettsia mooseri (= r. typhi) in xenopsylla cheopis and laboratory rats, it was found that 10 days after the infectious feeding, the fleas were voiding feces that were infective to rats upon inoculation. the feces remained infective for at least the duration of the experiment, and a quantity as small as 0.2 micrograms of feces would result in seroconversion of 67% of the rats upon inoculation. fleas were capable of transmitting the infection to rats as e ... | 1985 | 3923852 |
| transovarial transmission of murine typhus rickettsiae in xenopsylla cheopis fleas. | it has been generally accepted that infected fleas do not pass on rickettsia mooseri, or indeed any other known pathogen, to their progeny. it is reported here that such transovarial transmission does occur in laboratory-infected xenopsylla cheopis fleas. by means of the direct fluorescent antibody test, rickettsia mooseri was observed in cells of the hemolymph of infected fleas. as many as 11 percent of the adults and 2.9 percent of the larvae of the generation reared therefrom, had demonstrabl ... | 1985 | 3966162 |
| xenopsylla cheopis: cellular expression of hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. | guinea pigs multiply exposed to xenopsylla cheopis adult fleas exhibited marked blood basophil responses to challenge infestation with only minor changes in blood eosinophil levels. dermal responses to flea feeding were marked by dominant neutrophil (52% of the infiltrate) and eosinophil (32%) accumulations 24 hr after primary feeding, with a weak basophil response (11%). however, after challenge feeding 14 days later, eosinophils dominated, representing 59% of the infiltrate with basophils comp ... | 1985 | 3967727 |
| fleas on roof rats in six areas of los angeles county, california: their potential role in the transmission of plague and murine typhus to humans. | roof rats (rattus rattus) in southern california are rarely involved with plague epizootics and murine typhus. little evidence exists implicating these rodents as sources of human infection. this might be explained by the absence of fleas capable of transmitting these 2 diseases. from february 1981 through january 1982, roof rats were live-trapped and examined for fleas each month in 4 areas of los angeles county. two other areas were trapped for 9 and 3 months respectively. areas sampled were i ... | 1985 | 3985278 |
| [block formation capacity in fleas infected with a plague agent after their feeding with blood substitutes]. | by feeding plague infected xenopsylla cheopis fleas with blood substitutes free of blood formed elements blocked fleas were obtained. these fleas are able to transmit plague agent to white mice and cause their mortality. | 1985 | 4011313 |
| [characteristics of the multiplication of a virulent strain of the plague microbe in xenopsylla cheopis fleas infected parenterally]. | xenopsylla cheopis fleas infected parenterally with the virulent strain of plague microbe of gerbil variant preserved the agent to the end of their lives. in the body cavity the microbes retained their ability for reproduction which was, however, limited. during the first seven days after the infection the number of microbes slightly increased and later became stabilized. its mean indices (mean g) varied within the limits of 500 to 2000 microbe cells per 1 individual, maximum index rarely exceed ... | 1985 | 4047718 |
| sterile male of the rat-flea xenopsylla cheopis rothschild (siphonaptera). | | 1972 | 4653049 |
| studies on host-flea relationship. 1--histochemistry of egg yolk in xenopsylla cheopis (roths) and xenopsylla astia (roths). | | 1972 | 4663245 |
| effectiveness of dichlorvos vapor against xenopsylla cheopis in containerized cargo. | | 1973 | 4710944 |
| studies on host-flea relationship. ii. sex hormones of the host and fecundity of rat flea xenopsylla astia (rothschild) and xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild) (siphonaptera). | | 1973 | 4756871 |
| on the lipids of the rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis (roth.). | | 1973 | 4792760 |
| response of the cat flea, ctenocephalides felis (bouché), and the oriental rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild) to electromagnetic radiation in the 300-700 nanometer range. | | 1974 | 4828350 |
| oriental rat fleas: evaluation of three systemic insecticides in baits for control on cotton rats in outdoor pens. | | 1974 | 4833481 |
| effect of temperature on the development of prepupa and pupa of the rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis rothschild. | | 1972 | 5036194 |
| resistance of the oriental rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis, to ddt in the republic of viet-nam. | | 1970 | 5312258 |
| influence of host on fecundity of the indian rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis (roths). | | 1969 | 5395418 |
| [resistance to ddt and susceptability of xenopsylla cheopis (roth) to dieldrin. strain of the guayaquil city and of various localities of the loja region]. | | 1969 | 5400609 |
| specific effect of temperature upon transmission of the plague bacillus by the oriental rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis. | | 1971 | 5553266 |
| [cytogenetics of fleas (aphaniptera). ii. xenopsylla cheopis rothschild, 1093, and leptopsylla segnis schönherr, 1811]. | | 1971 | 5574761 |
| systemic insecticides for control of oriental rat fleas: tests in guinea pig. | | 1968 | 5642109 |
| systemic insecticides for control of oriental rat fleas: bait tests with hooded white rats. | | 1968 | 5642117 |
| laboratory methods for evaluation of toxicants for the bed bug and the oriental rat flea. | | 1968 | 5723756 |
| effect of differences in ambient temperature upon the fate of pasteurella pestis in xenopsylla cheopis. | | 1969 | 5789111 |
| [the flea xenopsylla cheopis has become acclimatized in mine galleries at saint-etienne]. | | 1965 | 5899727 |
| toxicity of various insecticides to xenopsylla cheopis. | | 1966 | 5941179 |
| a simple method for measuring the motor activity of fleas (xenopsylla cheopis roth.). | | 1966 | 5963793 |
| the hygroreaction of the larvae of the oriental rat flea xenopsylla cheopis rothsch. (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | | 1967 | 6033643 |
| evidence for the extinction of plague in hawaii. | plague (infection by yersinia pestis) was present in hawaii for the period 1899-1957 and caused at least 370 fatalities. the first infections came from immigrant commensal rats, probably rattus rattus and rattus norvegicus, on ships from the orient. both species were already established in hawaii and became the widespread local carriers of plague, supplemented by rattus exulans which had colonized the islands in ancient polynesian times. the flea xenopsylla vexabilis arrived with r. exulans, and ... | 1984 | 6364800 |
| rickettsia mooseri infection in the fleas leptopsylla segnis and xenopsylla cheopis. | detailed observations on the acquisition and propagation of experimental rickettsia mooseri infection in two species of fleas are presented. rickettsia mooseri infection became detectable by means of the direct fluorescent antibody test about 2 days earlier in leptopsylla segnis than in the putative vector, xenopsylla cheopis. by the 6th day after the infective feeding, the entire lining and the lumen of the midgut in l. segnis contained masses of rickettsiae and the agent was being passed in th ... | 1983 | 6418017 |
| evaluation of commercial and experimental repellents against xenopsylla cheopis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | | 1984 | 6502623 |
| [ectoparasites of rodents of the urban region of belo horizonte, mg. i. interaction between ectoparasites and hosts]. | a rodent ectoparasite survey was made in the city of belo horizonte, minas gerais, brazil, from june 1980 to september 1982. the species of ectoparasites captured from 950 rattus norvegicus norvegicus were: xenopsylla cheopis, ctenocephalides felis felis, polyplax spinulosa, laelaps nuttalli, echinolaelaps echidninus and atricholaelaps glasgowi, the last species only represented by three specimens interchanged with wild rodent. p. spinulosa and l. nuttalli, although cosmopolitan, are recorded fo ... | 1984 | 6535917 |
| the effect of various atmospheric conditions on the development of two strains of xenopsylla cheopis in egypt. | | 1984 | 6542579 |
| the influence of host age on the survival and frequency of feeding of adults xenopsylla cheopis. | | 1983 | 6663110 |
| a study of commensal rodents and shrews with reference to the parasites of medical importance in chanthaburi province, thailand. | a total of 622 and 110 commensal and forest rodents and shrews was examined in the urban and rural areas of chanthaburi province, thailand. a higher density of commensal animals was found in urban than rural areas. five enteropathogenic bacteria, and four helminth species of significant medical importance were collected. the oriental rat-flea, x. cheopis was found prevalent among these animals. the findings of adult a. cantonensis worm in s. murinus the first reported case of the parasite develo ... | 1983 | 6685345 |
| some biological studies on two different geographical strains of xenopsylla cheopis. | | 1984 | 6736713 |
| [characteristics of microbial multiplication in parenterally infected xenopsylla cheopis (siphonaptera) fleas]. | being inoculated parenterally various microbes cause the fleas x. cheopis a stable infection which, as a rule, is preserved in experimental insects to the end of life. reproducing intensively listeria monocytogenes and salmonella typhimurium caused the death of all ectoparasites in 3 to 5 days. the increase in abundance of escherichia coli, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, y. enterocolitica and vaccine strains of y. pestis "ev" and francisella tularensis went on gradually and infected fleas lived up ... | 1980 | 6780964 |
| experimental infection of ectoparasitic arthropods with rickettsia prowazekii (gvf-16 strain) and transmission to flying squirrels. | epizootiologic studies conducted during the past few years showed the existence of widespread natural infection of the southern flying squirrel, glaucomys volans, with epidemic typhus rickettsiae, rickettsia prowazekii. the ecological findings strongly implicated transmission of the etiologic agent by an arthropod vector. studies were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to determine whether ectoparasites naturally associated with flying squirrels (squirrel fleas, lice, mites and tic ... | 1981 | 6782900 |
| [effect of dendrobacillin on the flea xenopsylla cheopis (siphonaptera)]. | | 1982 | 6806764 |
| [repellent properties of mannich bases and cresol and phenol derivatives for aedes aegypti l. mosquitoes and the flea xenopsylla cheopis roths]. | | 1983 | 6843496 |
| [electron microscopic study of the malpighian tubules in fleas (siphonaptera)]. | a study was carried out of ultrastructure of malpighian tubules of 4 species of fleas as follows: xenopsylla cheopis, ceratophyllus fasciatus, leptopsylla segnis, ctenophthalmus orientalis. all cells of malpighian tubules are of polar structure: their apical department is represented with microvilli while basal one--with a system of membrane invaginations forming the basal labyrinth. the most developed system of basal invaginations is observed in distal cells of the malpighian tubules. microvill ... | 1983 | 6856327 |
| plague in central java, indonesia. | plague in man occurred from 1968 to 1970 in mountain villages of the boyolali regency in central java. infected fleas, infected rats, and seropositive rats were collected in villages with human plague cases. subsequent isolations of yersinia pestis and seropositive rodents, detected during investigations of rodent plague undertaken by the government of indonesia and the who, attested to the persistence of plague in the region from 1972 to 1974.since 1968, the incidence of both rodent and human p ... | 1980 | 6968252 |
| [histological studies of the gamogony and sporogony of hepatozoon erhardovae in experimentally infected rat fleas (xenopsylla cheopis)]. | we studied, under experimental conditions, the life cycle of hepatozoon erhardovae in the tropical rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis, light microscopically on coloured semi-thin sections. fleas killed and prepared on the day of infection show stomachs filled with mice erythrocytes. some monocytes are parasitized or show empty envelopes of gametocytes. the latter perforate the wall of the stomach, leaving behind empty parasitophorous vacuoles, and they migrate to the fat-body cells of the flea where t ... | 1982 | 7136189 |
| [histological study of xenopsylla cheopis fleas infected with the ulegeic subspecies of the plague microbe, yersinia pestis ulegeica]. | the plague microbe of the ulegei subspecies is able to cause the stable infection of fleas of x. cheopis, which is accompanied by the formation of "block" in most individuals. the preservation of the plague agent in these ectoparasites is characterized by its variation in the number that undergoes cyclic changes depending on the feeding rate and digestion. the bloodsucking is accompanied by the excretion of some microbes and by the reproduction of the remaining ones in the midgut and proventricu ... | 1980 | 7402697 |
| susceptibility to ddt, malathion, fenitrothion and dieldrin of three flea species in the boyolali plague endemic area, central java, indonesia. | insecticide susceptibility tests with 4% ddt, 0.5% and 5.0% malathion, 1% fenitrothion, and 0.2% dieldrin impregnated papers were carried out with fleas spp. from the boyolali plague zone. the field flea (stivalius cognatus) which was highly susceptible to malathion before, has now been found to be resistant to the insecticide, but was found susceptible to the other three insecticides. the oriental rat flea (x. cheopis) which found previously highly resistant to ddt, was now found to be less res ... | 1980 | 7403939 |
| a study of small mammals in the ciloto field station area, west java, indonesia, with special reference to vectors of plague and scrub typhus. | from june 1977 to june 1978 a study of smal mammals was carried out in the ciloto field station area, west java, indonesia by the who vector biology and control research unit-ii. the objectives of the investigations were to determine the diversity and density of rodent species, to find potential plague and scrub typhus vectors and to study their host-parasite relationships. in the 13 month period a total of 6 species of murids were identified; two species of campestral rats (r. tiomanicus and r. ... | 1980 | 7403957 |
| rodent and scrub typhus survey in a ricefield at kramat tunngak area, tanjung priok, jakarta, indonesia. | trapping of small mammals in a ricefield at kramat tunggak around tanjung priok in jakarta city, was carried out from july 1977 through june 1978. of three species of rodents, r.argentiventer was found to be the predominant species in the ricefield. r.r.diardii was an intermittent resident, and the presence of r.norvegicus was interesting observation. s.murinus, a house shrew, was also present. r.argentiventer was the dominant species during the periods when the rice grains were available as a s ... | 1980 | 7434074 |
| flea species from dogs and cats in northern greece: environmental and clinical implications. | fleas were identified after being collected from 129 dogs and 38 cats of random breed, sex and age. all these animals, infested with fleas and admitted to the clinic of medicine of the veterinary faculty in thessaloniki for routine procedures, were from different habitats and originated from various parts of northern greece. ctenocephalides canis was the most common species found on the dogs (71.3%). conversely, its prevalence in the 14 cats was substantially lower (5.3%). ctenocephalides felis ... | 1995 | 7676591 |
| transmission cycle of murine typhus in greece. | a field study, based on a follow up of the 49 human cases of the disease that occurred on the island of evia in 1985, has established the transmission cycle of murine typhus in greece for the first time. in 1993, two types of traps were used to catch 53 rats, all of them rattus norvegicus, in the localities where the cases had occurred. some 300 fleas, all of them probably xenopsylla cheopis, and a few ticks and mites were collected from the rats. eight of the fleas were found positive for ricke ... | 1994 | 7893179 |
| murine typhus: updated roles of multiple urban components and a second typhuslike rickettsia. | studies using serologic and polymerase chain reaction-(pcr) facilitated analysis of field samples from southern texas indicate the presence of rickettsia typhi and elb agent infected cat fleas, ctenocephalides felis (bouché), and the first observation of elb infected vertebrates (opossums). the elb agent is a recently described typhus-like rickettsia that is not distinguished from r. typhi or r. prowazekii by currently available serologic reagents. restriction digests of pcr products from 399 fl ... | 1994 | 7966170 |
| some ectoparasites of commensal rodents from huambo, angola. | eight species of ectoparasites were collected from 166 commensal rodents, including rattus rattus (l.), rattus norvegicus (berkenhout), and mus musculus (l.), from january to december 1986, in huambo, angola. the oriental rat flea, xenopsylla cheopis (rothschild), was the predominant species with respect to mean intensity and prevalence. other fleas collected were ctenophthalmus (ethioctenophthalmus) machadoi ribeiro, dinopsyllus (dinopsyllus) smiti ribeiro, and echidnophaga gallinacea (westwood ... | 1994 | 7966180 |
| [epidemiology of the plague. changes in the concept in research of infection chains since the discovery of the plague pathogen in 1894]. | three major plague epidemics have been recorded worldwide up to this day: the justinian plague in the 6th century, the black death in the 14th century and the recent 20th century pandemic. the latter occurred at a time of advanced microbiological knowledge which permitted the etiology and the modes of transmission and spread of this bacterial infectious disease to be clarified. the present thesis is an attempt to describe the changes in plague research that occurred during that period of time. w ... | 1993 | 8142341 |
| studies on the ectoparasites (fleas and lice) on rodents in riyadh and its surroundings, saudi arabia. | a survey was conducted on rodents from the riyadh city and surroundings. two species of fleas, xenopsylla cheopis and ctenocephalides felis felis together with polyplax spinulosa were collected. the highest infestation rate by both fleas occurred on rattus rattus followed by rattus norvegicus and mus musculus. females of r. rattus and r. norvegicus were more infested by fleas than males. on the other hand, meriones spp., gerbillus spp., jaculus jaculus and acomys dimidiatus were infested with x. ... | 1993 | 8308348 |
| rodents and their arthropod ectoparasites in south sinai governorate, egypt. | from the scientific point of research, little attention has been paid to south sinai governorate. in this paper, it was aimed to study the rodent population and their arthropod ectoparasites in three selected areas; st. catherine, wadi sahab and wadi feran. the highest rodent trap index was in st. catherine, followed by wadi sahab and then wadi feran. mus musculus was predominant mainly indoors in the three areas while acomys c. dimidiatus was predominant mainly outdoors. dipodillus dasyurus was ... | 1993 | 8308354 |