| susceptibility of house flies (diptera: muscidae) and five pupal parasitoids (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) to abamectin and seven commercial insecticides. | assays of five commercial insecticides applied as residual sprays at label rates to plywood indicated the most toxic insecticide overall for pteromalid parasitoids of house flies, musca domestica l., was atroban (permethrin), followed by ciodrin (crotoxyphos), rabon (tetrachlorvinphos), ectrin (fenvalerate), and cygon (dimethoate). insecticide-susceptible house flies were susceptible to all five insecticides (mortality, 62-100%). flies that were recently colonized from populations on dairy farms ... | 1992 | 1593014 |
| comparative toxicity of seven insecticides to immature stages of musca domestica (diptera: muscidae) and two of its important biological control agents, muscidifurax raptor and spalangia cameroni (hymenoptera: pteromalidae). | the toxicity of seven insecticides was evaluated against unparasitized musca domestica l. pupae and pupae parasitized by muscidifurax raptor girault & sanders or spalangia cameroni perkins, two important biological control agents. only pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide (pyrenone) was less toxic to m. raptor compared with house flies. conversely, all of the insecticides except crotoxyphos were less toxic to s. cameroni compared with house flies. a plateau in the tetrachlorvinphos bioassay line for ... | 1991 | 1885842 |
| parasitism of house fly (musca domestica) pupae by four species of pteromalidae (hymenoptera): effects of host--parasitoid densities and host distribution. | parasitoid-induced mortality of house fly, musca domestica l., pupae and parasitoid progeny emergence by four species of pteromalid parasitoids, muscidifurax raptor girault & sanders, m.zaraptor kogan & legner, spalangia cameroni perkins and s.endius walker, were determined for a 24 h exposure period using parasitoid: host ratios ranging from 1:2 to 1:50. when the number of parasitoids was held constant (n = 5) and the numbers of hosts varied, and when the number of hosts was held constant (n = ... | 1990 | 2132987 |
| temperature-dependent development and parasitism rates of four species of pteromalidae (hymenoptera) parasitoids of house fly (musca domestica) pupae. | parasitoid development, parasitoid-induced host mortality and parasitoid progeny emergence were determined at five constant temperatures for muscidifurax raptor girault and sanders, muscidifurax zaraptor kogan and legner, spalangia cameroni perkins and spalangia endius walker using pupae of the house fly, musca domestica l., as hosts. at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees c the median development times (days from oviposition to adult emergence), respectively, were m. raptor (28.4, 20.7, 1 ... | 1990 | 2132988 |
| parasites that attack stable fly and house fly (diptera: muscidae) puparia during the winter on dairies in northwestern florida. | throughout the winter and early spring months, stable fly, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), and house fly, musca domestica l., puparia were collected from silage, hay, and manure from six dairies in northwestern florida and evaluated for parasitism. of the puparia producing flies or parasites, 23% of the stable flies and 46% of the house flies were parasitized. the predominant parasite observed attacking muscoid flies (76% for stable flies and 58% for house flies) was spalangia cameroni perkins. muscid ... | 1989 | 2708626 |
| host-feeding and oviposition on musca domestica by spalangia cameroni, nasonia vitripennis, and muscidifurax raptor (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) influences their longevity and fecundity. | | 1967 | 6025086 |
| [the occurrence of puparium parasitoids as natural enemies of house flies]. | investigations on the pupal parasitoid complex of the house fly musca domestica l. and its seasonal occurrence were carried out, mainly in the land brandenburg, during 1987-1990. samples of about 500-1,500 puparia were collected at irregular from composted calf dung at ruhlsdorf, a pig farm at wittbrietzen, and from straw calf bedding at beelitz. the rates of parasitism varied considerably between seasons and years, as well as stable types and dung managements. the highest level of parasitism wa ... | 1994 | 8173583 |
| winter survival of nuisance fly parasitoids (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) in canada and denmark. | independent studies were performed in canada and in denmark to assess the survival of parasitic wasps (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) wintering in puparia of house fly, musca domestica linnaeus (diptera: muscidae). data in canada were collected for muscidifurax raptorgirault & saunders, m. raptorellus kogan & legner, m. zaraptor kogan & legner, nasonia vitripennis(walker), spalangia cameroni perkins, trichomalopsis sarcophagae (gahan) and urolepis rufipes (ashmead) in three microsites at an outdoor ... | 2004 | 15301698 |
| biological control of house flies musca domestica and stable flies stomoxys calcitrans(diptera: muscidae) by means of inundative releases of spalangia cameroni(hymenoptera: pteromalidae). | the efficacy of the pupal parasitoid spalangia cameroni perkins as a biological control agent was tested against house flies musca domestica linnaeus and stable flies stomoxys calcitrans (linnaeus) in one dairy cattle and two pig installations in denmark. weekly releases of s. cameroni from april through to september-october 1999 and 2000 resulted in significant suppressions of house fly populations to below nuisance level, whereas no effect on stable flies was found. parasitism was significantl ... | 2004 | 15541194 |
| development of spalangia cameroni and muscidifurax raptor (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) on live house fly (diptera: muscidae) pupae and pupae killed by heat shock, irradiation, and cold. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the suitability of killed house fly (musca domestica l) pupae for production of two economically important pupal parasitoids. two-day-old fly pupae were subjected to heat shock treatments of varying temperatures and durations in an oven at >or=70% rh; exposure to temperatures of 55 degrees c or higher for 15 min or longer resulted in 100% mortality. exposure to 50 degrees c resulted in 40 and 91% mortality at 15 and 60 min, respectively. all (100%) pup ... | 2007 | 17349113 |
| the preimaginal stages and development of spalangia cameroni perkins (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) on ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae). | the development and morphology of the immature phases of spalangia cameroni perkins, 1910 (hymenoptera, pteromalidae) are described from a laboratory rearing culture maintained on ceratitis capitata (wiedemann, 1824) (diptera, tephritidae), using microscopic techniques, including light and scanning electron microscopy. the surface of the chorion of the egg is smooth and the micropyle occurs at the anterior end. the immature larvae are similar to the mature larva, differing mainly in the size of ... | 2009 | 19268603 |
| distribution and abundance of natural parasitoid (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) populations of house flies and stable flies (diptera: muscidae) at the university of florida dairy research unit. | from september 2001 through september 2002, house fly and stable fly pupae were collected weekly from three fly habitats at the university of florida research dairy in northcentral florida and evaluated for parasitism. varying parasitism percentages were observed throughout the study but they were not affected by temperature, precipitation or fly abundance. of the 6,222 house fly pupae and 1,660 stable fly pupae that produced either a host fly or a parasitoid, 26.9% and 26.7% were parasitized, r ... | 2010 | 20676517 |
| superparasitism in laboratory rearing of spalangia cameroni (hymenoptera: pteromalidae), a parasitoid of medfly (diptera: tephritidae). | the frequency of superparasitism and its effects on the quality of laboratory-reared spalangia cameroni (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) parasitoids were investigated under laboratory conditions. numerous variables were measured, such as the number of 'ovip holes' per host as a measure of superparasitism. adult emergence and sex ratio, as well as female size, emergence ability from soil and longevity were also measured. finally, an assessment was made of fertility and survival of adult parasitoids em ... | 2011 | 21838957 |
| Seasonal abundance of stable flies and filth fly pupal parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at Florida equine facilities. | Beginning in November 2007 and continuing until December 2009, weekly stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), surveillance was conducted at four equine facilities near Ocala, FL, by using alsynite sticky traps for adults and by searching immature developmental sites for pupae. Adult stable fly trap captures were highly variable throughout the year, ranging from 0 to 1,400 flies per trap per farm. The greatest adult stable fly activity was observed during the spring months of March and April, with ... | 2011 | 21735936 |
| the ability of selected pupal parasitoids (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) to locate stable fly hosts in a soiled equine bedding substrate. | the ability of spalangia cameroni perkins, spalangia endius walker, and muscidifurax raptorellus kogan and legner to locate and attack stable fly hosts was evaluated under laboratory conditions. postfeeding third-instar stable fly larvae were released and allowed to pupate in two arena types: large 4.8 liter chambers containing a field-collected, soiled equine bedding substrate; or 120-ml plastic cups containing wood chips. at the time of fly pupariation, parasitoids were released and permitted ... | 2011 | 22182616 |
| Offspring production and self-superparasitism in the solitary ectoparasitoid Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in relation to host abundance. | Parasitoid fitness strongly depends on the availability and quality of hosts, which provide all resources required for larval development. Several factors, such as host size and previous parasitation, may affect host quality. Because self-superparasitism induces competition among a female's offspring, it should only occur if there is an imperfect recognition of self-parasitized hosts or if there is a fitness advantage to self-superparasitism. Against this background, we investigated self-superpa ... | 2011 | 21878140 |