| triatoma spinolai in chile: a new host for hepatozoon triatomae. | | 1986 | 3099438 |
| epidemiology of chagas' disease in northern chile: isozyme profiles of trypanosoma cruzi from domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles and their association with cardiopathy. | trypanosoma cruzi was isolated from 98 patients, 59 triatoma infestans, 51 triatoma spinolai, and 1 octodon degus from northern chile. with few exceptions, stocks originating from domestic hosts were classified, based on their isozyme profile, as principal zymodeme (z)2, while sylvatic stocks from t. spinolai and the rodent o. degus showed z1 profiles. these results indicate the existence of separate domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles. clinical data and t. cruzi isozyme profiles from 107 ... | 1987 | 3116867 |
| identification of trypanosomes isolated from reduviidae from north chile. | examination of 54 triatoma infestans from a village near the european southern observatory la silla in chile and of 9 triatoma spinolai from the territory of the observatory showed that 10 t. infestans were infected with trypanosomatids. mice were infected with in vitro cultures initiated with five different trypanosomatid isolates and treated with the immunosuppressive drug cyclophosphamide to increase the parasitemia of the flagellates. evidence of the presence of t. cruzi was provided by a co ... | 1984 | 6421021 |
| the ecology of chagas disease in chile. | chagas disease probably affects over half a million people in chile, principally in rural communities in the fertile valleys of the arid 'norte chico' region, north of santiago. the main domestic vector is triatoma infestans, but triatoma spinolai, although mainly in rocky sylvatic and peridomestic ecotopes, also invades houses. since the spanish invasion in the sixteenth century, and particularly during the last 100 years, the endemic region has suffered an ecological breakdown, largely due to ... | 1982 | 6821391 |
| [presence of triatoma spinolai in human dwellings]. | triatoma spinolai is a wild species of triatomine existing exclusively in chile, with scarce epidemiological importance in the transmission of trypanosoma cruzi to man. it has been found in environments from 3000 meters down to the sea level. exceptionally it has been found in human dwellings. in order to clarify the possibility of an adaptation of t. spinolai to human dwellings a study was undertaken in 50 rural-periurban dwellings from regions iii, iv, v and metropolitan in which this triatomi ... | 1995 | 8762671 |
| preliminary studies on temperature selection and activity cycles of triatoma infestans and t. spinolai (heteroptera:reduviidae), chilean vectors of chagas' disease. | preferred temperature and activity patterns of triatoma infestans klug and triatoma spinolai porter were studied, both are vectors of chagas' disease in chile. in the laboratory, 24 t. spinolai and 18 t. infestans were exposed to a temperature gradient between 50 and 15 degrees c and a photoperiod of 14:10 (l:d) h. temperature and hourly position of bugs in an experimental chamber were recorded for 24 h. both species showed a cycle of preferred temperature, and both selected higher temperatures ... | 1997 | 9086704 |
| [tripano-triatomine infection of triatoma spinolai in a zone with epidemiological risk]. | triatoma spinolai is the only wild vector for chagas disease in chile and its epidemiological importance is being studied. | 1996 | 9197018 |
| molecular karyotype and schizodeme analyses of trypanosoma cruzi stocks from chilean triatomines. | forty-one trypanosoma cruzi stocks isolated from the chilean vectors triatoma infestans and triatoma spinolai were characterized by pulse-field gel electrophoresis and southern blotting with the cruzipain gene, and by schizodeme analysis of kinetoplast dna with ecori and msp i. seven parasite groups were found by molecular karyotype which correlate with schizodeme and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, supporting the concept of clonal propagation for trypanosoma cruzi. a predominant t. cruzi sto ... | 1997 | 9280894 |
| biological characterization of trypanosoma cruzi stocks from chilean insect vectors. | fifty-seven trypanosoma cruzi stocks isolated from triatoma infestans and triatoma spinolai of the five different geographic endemic areas of chile were studied by schizodeme and molecular karyotype analysis. four different genotypes are found in the sylvatic t. spinolai vector and five in the t. infestans domiciliary vector. of these genotypes, two common genotypes overlap on both transmission cycles exclusively in the extreme northern endemic areas of chile. metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained ... | 1998 | 9676709 |
| population parameters of triatoma spinolai (heteroptera: reduviidae) under different environmental conditions and densities. | population parameters of triatoma spinolai porter were studied using specimens collected in the north and central region of chile. two cohorts of 17 and 44 first instars were maintained at a constant temperature of 28 degrees c and 70% rh. two similar cohorts of bugs were exposed to 16-24 degrees c and 55-75% rh and maintained under a photoperiod of 14:10 (l:d) h for 16 mo. the preimaginal period ranged between 285 and 372 d under constant conditions. the lower-density cohort required 9.5 mo to ... | 1998 | 9775603 |
| assessing the impact of disease vectors on animal populations. | many studies have attempted to assess the relative effects of different vectors of a disease on animal populations. to this end, three measures have been proposed: vectorial efficiency, vectorial capacity and recently vectorial effectiveness (or vectorial impact). in this study we relate these measures to derive some of their properties emphasising in the vectorial impact for its importance in both, population performance of parasites and the proportion of the prevalence of one parasite due to a ... | 1998 | 10423827 |
| comparison of some behavioral and physiological feeding parameters of triatoma infestans klug, 1834 and mepraia spinolai porter, 1934, vectors of chagas disease in chile. | there are two vectors of chagas disease in chile: triatoma infestans and mepraia spinolai. we studied the feeding behavior of these species, looking for differences which could possibly explain the low impact of the latter species on chagas disease. both species used thermal cues to locate their feeding source and consumed a similar volume of blood which was inversely related to the body weight before the meal and directly related to the time between meals. the average time between bites were 6. ... | 1999 | 10464419 |
| mepraia spinolai in the southeastern pacific ocean coast (chile) - first insular record and feeding pattern on the pan de azúcar island. | in a field collection performed at pan de azúcar island in northern chile, 95 specimens representing all instars of mepraia spinolai were collected. the intestinal contents of 55 specimens were examined for trypanosoma cruzi infection and were found to be negative. this is the first record of an insular habitat for m. spinolai, where the insects had fed mainly on seabirds (78%), some on marine mammals (5%), and some on reptiles (7%). | 2000 | 10733734 |
| blood host sources of mepraia spinolai (heteroptera: reduviidae), wild vector of chagas disease in chile. | there are two vectors of the chagas' disease in chile: triatoma infestans klug the domestic vector and mepraia spinolai porter the sylvatic vector. the alimentary profile of m. spinolai has been poorly studied. in this work we study the participation of humans, goats, dogs, cats, rodents, rabbits, birds (hens) and reptiles in the diet of m. spinolai by analyzing the intestinal content through immunoradiometric assay. to put our results in a general context, we also compared the diet with that de ... | 2001 | 11296839 |
| [situation of mepraia spinolai, a wild vector for chagas disease in chile, in relation to others vectors from the perspective of their feeding profile]. | three triatomine species, triatoma infestans, mepraia spinolai and mepraia gajardoi, are vectors for chagas disease in chile. | 2000 | 11349509 |
| mitochondrial dna sequences of triatomines (hemiptera: reduviidae): phylogenetic relationships. | the phylogenetic relationships among 18 species of triatominae were inferred based on mitochondrial dna (mtdna) sequences. the species of triatoma included 11 belonging to the infestans complex [t. infestans (klug), t. guasayana wygodzinsky & abalos, t. sordida (stål), t. platensis neiva, t. brasiliensis neiva, t. rubrovaria (blanchard), t. vitticeps (stål), t. delpontei romaña & abalos, t. maculata (erichson), t. patagonica del ponte, and t. matogrossensis leite & barbosa] and four others of th ... | 2001 | 11580040 |
| field tests of carbon dioxide and conspecifics as baits for mepraia spinolai, wild vector of chagas disease. | in spite of extensive evidence showing an association between host stimuli and insect finding behaviour, the importance of carbon dioxide in attracting triatominae is not entirely understood. we assessed the potential of conspecific individuals and co2 in attracting free-ranging individuals of mepraia spinolai in a chilean semiarid locality. while the presence of conspecific individuals had no effect on the triatomine behaviour, solid co2-baited traps were more effective in attracting m. spinola ... | 2002 | 12039678 |
| abundance of mepraia spinolai in a periurban zone of chile. | mepraia spinolai is a silvatic species of triatominae which prefers microhabitats near to or in rock piles. it is also able to maintain similar or higher size populations near houses. the density of bugs in quarries near santiago, chile, differed within microhabitats and varied significantly within sites according to season. m. spinolai was not found in sites characterized by human perturbation of quarries. our results confirm m. spinolai as a silvatic triatomine whose importance as a vector of ... | 2002 | 12048552 |
| seasonal variation in the home range and host availability of the blood-sucking insect mepraia spinolai in wild environment. | in this study, we quantify the home range of mepraia spinolai, a wild vector of trypanosoma cruzi, and the abundance of wild mammals during summer and winter seasons in a protected area of north-central chile. results revealed significant differences between seasons for home range size and host availability. m. spinolai presented larger home range sizes, and mammal hosts were more abundant in summer, indicating that t. cruzi would have a higher probability of being transmitted during warmer mont ... | 2005 | 15949784 |
| association between antennal phenotype, wing polymorphism and sex in the genus mepraia (reduviidae: triatominae). | mepraia spinolai and mepraia gajardoi (hemiptera, reduviidae) are only found in the arid regions of northern chile. mepraia is the only genus of triatominae with marked wing polymorphism. females of both species are micropterous, males of m. spinolai may be micropterous, brachypterous or macropterous, while males of m. gajardoi are always brachypterous. because of this wing polymorphism, mepraia can be used as a model to analyze morphological adaptations related to the flying activity and evolut ... | 2006 | 16081323 |
| dna evidence of trypanosoma cruzi in the chilean wild vector mepraia spinolai (hemiptera: reduviidae). | molecular evidence showed 46.2% of trypanosoma cruzi infection in mepraia spinolai insects from north-central chile, which is significantly higher than previous reports of up to 26% by microscopic observation. our results show similar infection levels among nymphal stages, ranging from 38.3 to 54.1%, indicating that younger nymphs could be as important as older ones in parasite transmission. a cautionary note must be stressed to indicate the potential role of m. spinolai in transmitting t. cruzi ... | 2005 | 16113860 |
| chagas disease parasite induces behavioural changes in the kissing bug mepraia spinolai. | parasites have been shown to manipulate the feeding behaviour of their invertebrate vectors, which results in an increased probability of transmission to definitive hosts. most evidence for this hypothesis comes from protozoan species with salivary transmission but evidence for stercorarian parasite transmission is lacking. we present experimental evidence that infection of the kissing bug mepraia spinolai (hemiptera; reduviidae) with the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi reduced the time to detect po ... | 2006 | 16780784 |
| [first finding of chagas disease vectors associated with wild bushes in the metropolitan region of chile]. | insects of the subfamily triatominae are the biological vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the causal agent of chagas disease. | 2006 | 17186091 |
| trypanosoma cruzi detection in blood by xenodiagnosis and polymerase chain reaction in the wild rodent octodon degus. | we detected trypanosoma cruzi in blood samples of the wild rodent octodon degus by xenodiagnosis and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using the domestic and wild vectors of chagas disease, triatoma infestans and mepraia spinolai, respectively. we captured 35 rodents and extracted dna from blood samples and intestinal contents of vectors fed on o. degus. our results indicate that the percentage of rodents naturally infected with t. cruzi depends on the biologic sample used for pcr and on the vec ... | 2007 | 17297043 |
| what does determine gonad weight in the wild kissing bug mepraia spinolai. | female fecundity increases with body size in a variety of insects, but it is unknown if this generalization applies for kissing bugs. in this study, we evaluate whether gonad weight in the bloodsucking insect mepraia spinolai correlates with body size, or determined by nutrition or developmental time. we found that the investment on reproductive tissue correlates positively and significantly with body size and with the amount of ingested blood by female insects along their lifespan. total moltin ... | 2007 | 17426892 |
| susceptibility of mepraia spinolai and triatoma infestans to different trypanosoma cruzi strains from naturally infected rodent hosts. | trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of chagas disease, a zoonosis involving domestic and sylvatic mammalian reservoirs. since scarce information has been published about the susceptibility of t. cruzi lineages to other triatomine species besides triatoma infestans, we evaluate the susceptibility of t. infestans and mepraia spinolai to different t. cruzi lineages, originated from naturally infected octodon degus rodents as mammal host. xenodiagnosis-pcr methods to detect t. cruzi positive ro ... | 2007 | 17904090 |
| trypanosoma cruzi induces life-history trait changes in the wild kissing bug mepraia spinolai: implications for parasite transmission. | one important paradigm in host-parasite evolutionary biology is the ability of parasites to manipulate the phenotype of their hosts to facilitate transmission. in this paper, i examine whether the protozoan parasite trypanosoma cruzi modifies the developmental time, body size, and survival of its vector, the bloodsucking insect mepraia spinolai (hemiptera; reduviidae). m. spinolai nymphs were experimentally infected when fed on t. cruzi-infected mice (infected group) or kept uninfected when fed ... | 2009 | 19128032 |
| comparative population dynamics of the bug mepraia spinolai, a sylvatic vector of chagas' disease, in different hosts. | the aim of this work was to determine the impact of specific hosts on a population of mepraia spinolai (porter) (hemiptera, reduviidae), a sylvatic vector of chagas' disease in chile. we assessed whether a recently introduced host could be an important epidemiological factor in maintaining chagas' disease in chile. the study stressed the variations in survival, individual weight and fecundity in the insect population when the vector was raised with a species-specific food supply. the study compa ... | 2009 | 19493191 |
| molecular epidemiology of chagas disease in the wild transmission cycle: the evaluation in the sylvatic vector mepraia spinolai from an endemic area of chile. | the sylvatic transmission cycle of chagas disease in chile is composed of wild mammals and insects of the genus mepraia. we determined infection rates and trypanosoma cruzi genotypes in mepraia spinolai. we collected 227 insects from two ecologically contrasting areas to assess t. cruzi infection. polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-amplified minicircle dnas were characterized by southern blot and hybridization tests with genotype-specific probes. infection in insects from the more fertile area was ... | 2009 | 19815882 |
| systematics of mepraia (hemiptera-reduviidae): cytogenetic and molecular variation. | the haematophagous insects of the subfamily triatominae (hemiptera-reduviidae) have great epidemiological importance as vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease. mepraia was originally described as a monotypic genus comprised of mepraia spinolai, distributed along coastal areas of northern chile (from region i to the metropolitan region). recently, some m. spinolai populations have been ranked as a new species named mepraia gajardoi. several populations along the distr ... | 2010 | 20018255 |
| trypanosoma cruzi i genotypes in different geographical regions and transmission cycles based on a microsatellite motif of the intergenic spacer of spliced-leader genes. | the intergenic region of spliced-leader (sl-ir) genes from 105 trypanosoma cruzi i (tc i) infected biological samples, culture isolates and stocks from 11 endemic countries, from argentina to the usa were characterised, allowing identification of 76 genotypes with 54 polymorphic sites from 123 aligned sequences. on the basis of the microsatellite motif proposed by herrera et al. (2007) to define four haplotypes in colombia, we could classify these genotypes into four distinct tc i sl-ir groups, ... | 2010 | 20670628 |
| temporal fluctuation of infection with different trypanosoma cruzi genotypes in the wild rodent octodon degus. | we identified and followed-up for two years octodon degus rodents infected with trypanosoma cruzi genotypes by using xenodiagnosis with two vector species (mepraia spinolai and triatoma infestans), polymerase chain reaction dna-based detection of insect dejections, southern blot analysis, and minicircle hybridization with genotype-specific probes. results show temporal fluctuations of infection with four parasite lineages (tci, tcii, tcv, and tcvi) in one co-infected o. degus. results are discus ... | 2010 | 20682886 |
| sylvatic foci of the chagas disease vector triatoma infestans in chile: description of a new focus and challenges for control programs. | triatoma infestans is one of the main domestic vectors of chagas disease. reports of wild habitat occurrences have recently increased. in chile, after a successful elimination campaign of t. infestans domestic infestation, a sylvatic focus was reported in bromeliads in the metropolitan region. here, we report a new focus of sylvatic t. infestans inhabiting rock piles in the valparaíso region in central chile. all t. infestans captured were nymphal instars living among the stones, which were inha ... | 2010 | 20835609 |
| a new species and karyotype variation in the bordering distribution of mepraia spinolai (porter) and mepraia gajardoi frías et al (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae) in chile and its parapatric model of speciation. | in the present study, the morphology, color pattern, chromosomal complement and aspects of meiosis in natural populations at the borders of the distributions of mepraia gajardoi frías et al and mepraia spinolai (porter) are described. the males of these bordering populations are brachypterous or macropterous, while females are always micropterous. morphological and cytogenetic data indicated that the populations that border the distributions of m. gajardoi and m. spinolai, belong to a different ... | 2010 | 20877994 |
| wing shape differentiation of mepraia species (hemiptera: reduviidae). | mepraia is an endemic genus found in the semiarid and arid regions of north-central chile. until 1998, mepraia spinolai was the only species of the genus, distributed in coastal and interior valleys from chile between 18° and 34°s. however, on the basis of karyotype and morphological characters, coastal desert populations between 18° and 26°s were ranked as a new species, mepraia gajardoi. recently, genetic studies using nuclear and mitochondrial markers on mepraia populations suggest that the g ... | 2010 | 21111066 |
| feeding profile of mepraia spinolai, a sylvatic vector of chagas disease in chile. | american trypanosomiasis is a chronic disease transmitted mainly by vectors. the hematophagous triatomine vectors transmit trypanosoma cruzi to a wide variety of mammals, which usually are their food source. this study determined the feeding profile of mepraia spinolai, a sylvatic triatomine vector, present in endemic areas of chile. vectors were captured in the north-central area of chile. samples of intestinal contents were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that identifi ... | 2016 | 27349188 |
| fluctuations in trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing unit composition in two naturally infected triatomines: mepraia gajardoi and m. spinolai after laboratory feeding. | mepraia species are hematophagous insects and the most important wild vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease in southeastern south america. because the domestic triatoma infestans is already controlled, the transmission of different t. cruzi discrete typing units (dtus) by mepraia species deserves attention. our aim is to gather information on the diversity of t. cruzi dtus circulating in natural insect populations. two groups of naturally infected bugs 21 mepraia ga ... | 2016 | 27109041 |
| interactions between trypanosoma cruzi the chagas disease parasite and naturally infected wild mepraia vectors of chile. | chagas disease, which ranks among the world's most neglected diseases, is a chronic, systemic, parasitic infection caused by the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi. mepraia species are the wild vectors of this parasite in chile. host-parasite interactions can occur at several levels, such as co-speciation and ecological host fitting, among others. thus, we are exploring the interactions between t. cruzi circulating in naturally infected mepraia species in all areas endemic of chile. we evaluated t. cru ... | 2016 | 26771702 |
| can body traits, other than wings, reflect the flight ability of triatominae bugs? | insects of the subfamily triatominae are vectors of trypanosoma cruzi , the chagas disease parasite, and their flying behavior has epidemiological importance. the flying capacity is strikingly different across and within triatominae species, as well as between sexes or individuals. many triatoma infestans individuals have wings but no flying muscles. in other triatominae species, no clear relationships were found between wing length and flying behavior. if wing presence or size is not reflective ... | 2015 | 26676492 |
| spatial distribution of an infectious disease in a small mammal community. | chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the parasite trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insect vectors to several mammals, but little is known about its spatial epidemiology. we assessed the spatial distribution of t. cruzi infection in vectors and small mammals to test if mammal infection status is related to the proximity to vector colonies. during four consecutive years we captured and georeferenced the locations of mammal species and colonies of mepraia spinolai, a restricted-movement vecto ... | 2015 | 26289933 |
| an entomological and seroepidemiological study of the vectorial-transmission risk of chagas disease in the coast of northern chile. | four species of triatomines are known from chile: triatoma infestans klug, mepraia spinolai porter, m. gajardoi frías, henry & gonzález, and m. parapatrica frías (hemiptera: reduviidae), the last three are endemic. the geographical distribution of m. gajardoi includes the coastal areas in the north of chile between 18° and 21°s, an area with both a resident workforce and summer-season visitors. a study was developed to assess the risk of vectorial transmission of chagas disease by m. gajardoi in ... | 2015 | 26208149 |
| trypanosoma cruzi infection in mepraia gajardoi and mepraia spinolai: the effect of feeding nymphs from the field. | we evaluated trypanosoma cruzi infection rates by means of minicircle dna-based polymerase chain reactions (pcrs) in 70 starved mepraia gajardoi from northern chile and 65 m. spinolai from central chile after feeding. immediately after collection in the field, 20% of m. gajardoi were found infected; after feeding, 67% of the uninfected were infected. one group of m. spinolai seemed to be completely uninfected, but after the first and second feedings, 62% and 59% were positive, respectively. | 2014 | 24935951 |
| effects of mammal host diversity and density on the infection level of trypanosoma cruzi in sylvatic kissing bugs. | several reports have described host species diversity and identity as the most important factors influencing disease risk, producing either dilution or amplification of the pathogen in a host community. triatomine vectors, mammals and the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi (trypanosomatida: trypanosomatidae) chagas are involved in the wild cycle of chagas disease, in which infection of mammals occurs by contamination of mucous membranes or skin abrasions with insect-infected faeces. we examined the ext ... | 2014 | 24844934 |
| high phylogeographic structure in sylvatic vectors of chagas disease of the genus mepraia (hemiptera: reduviidae). | the hematophagous hemiptera of the subfamily triatominae are a very diverse group with a variety of morphs, behaviors and distributions. they have great epidemiological importance because many of its members are vectors of the protozoan trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of chagas disease. mepraia is a genus of triatominae endemic to chile responsible for transmitting t. cruzi in the sylvatic cycle. mepraia includes three species, m. gajardoi (18° 30'-26° 30' s) m. spinolai (26° 30'-34° 20' s) and the ... | 2013 | 23665465 |
| wing polymorphism and trypanosoma cruzi infection in wild, peridomestic, and domestic collections of mepraia spinolai (hemiptera: reduviidae) from chile. | mepraia spinolai (porter) is a vector of trypanosoma cruzi that causes chagas disease. females are always wingless, but males may be winged or wingless. we determined by pcr the infection percentage with t. cruzi of m. spinolai adults and nymphs in domestic, peridomestic, and wild collections, in different regions of chile. in all regions, winged males were more abundant than females and wingless males. winged males collected inside houses were less parasitized than were those from peridomestic ... | 2017 | 28399301 |
| within-host temporal fluctuations of trypanosoma cruzi discrete typing units: the case of the wild reservoir rodent octodon degus. | chagas disease caused by trypanosoma cruzi is considered a major public health problem in america. after an acute phase the disease changes to a chronic phase with very low parasitemia. the parasite presents high genetic variability with seven discrete typing units (dtus): tci-tcvi and tc bat. the aim of this work is to evaluate fluctuation of parasitemia and t. cruzi dtus in naturally infected octodon degus. | 2017 | 28784152 |
| sex-dependent infection causes nonadditive effects on kissing bug fecundity. | the influence of parasites on host reproduction has been widely studied in natural and experimental conditions. most studies, however, have evaluated the parasite impact on female hosts only, neglecting the contribution of males for host reproduction. this omission is unfortunate as sex-dependent infection may have important implications for host-parasite associations. here, we evaluate for the first time the independent and nonindependent effects of gender infection on host reproductive success ... | 2017 | 28515890 |
| chromosome painting in triatomine insects reveals shared sequences between x chromosomes and autosomes. | in order to provide a broad picture on the origin and evolution of holocentric x chromosomes in heteropteran species, we prepared a sex chromosome painting probe by microdissection of the x1 and x2 chromosomes from a kissing bug mepraia spinolai (hemiptera: reduviidae: triatominae). fluorescence in situ hybridization on four species of the triatomini having different amounts of autosomal heterochromatin and sex chromosome systems show that the xs probe hybridizes on the euchromatin, located both ... | 2017 | 28082631 |
| alary polymorphism in triatoma spinolai and its possible relationship with demographic strategy. | among collections of triatoma spinolai from various sites in northern chile, adults from coastal populations are invariably wingless, whereas inland populations show balanced alary polymorphism between wingless females and males that are either winged or wingless. laboratory crosses showed that male offspring from normal-winged parents were always winged (88% long-winged) and those from long-winged male parents were all long-winged. the male offspring from wingless males always included winged m ... | 1998 | 9513936 |
| [preliminary studies on triatoma infestans and triatoma spinolai source of feeding by the use of gel double diffusion test (author's transl)]. | | 2006 | 822861 |