study of the nature of the associated microflora in the prolonged substrateless cultivation of beet plants. | the purpose of the present investigation was to study variations in the population density of microorganisms, their qualitative and quantitative composition during substrate-free cultivation of beats. the results obtained show that the microbial number in the nutrient solution increased by the time of intensive growth of beats and decreased by the time of harvesting. the number of root microorganisms was much greater than the total number of microorganisms in the nutrient solution. oligonitrophi ... | 1977 | 17774 |
the synthesis of pectinases by mutant of aspergillus niger 36 in beet pulp medium. | | 1976 | 65114 |
effect of various nitrogen salts in beet pulp medium on polygalacturonase activity of penicillium sp. 7/4b/ei 1 mutant. | the highest pg activity was obtained in beet pulp with (nh4)2hpo4 in amount equivalent to 0.14--0.28% n after 7 days of growth; at optimal concentration, (nh4)2hpo4 did not influence the biomass production, but increased the ph of the culture media to above 6.0. the pg was an extracellular enzyme, acting mainly on highly esterified pectin. the attack was of a random manner, characteristic for the endo-enzymes. the enzyme was active at temperature 20 degrees c--40 degrees c and ph 5.0--6.0. | 1978 | 81597 |
[vitamin c levels in the early postnatal period in calves and their mothers]. | the dynamics of l-ascorbic acid was studied in 68 cows and 91 calves at an age from one to ten days in the period from november to april. the study was conducted in two maternal stocks in a supply area of a large-capacity calf-house located in the beet-growing region. l-ascorbic acid in the blood serum was determined accoring to king. the lowest average levels of l-ascorbic acid were found in february (cows 0.35 mg%, calves 1.02 mg%), and the highest in april (cows 1.00 mg%, calves 2.52 mg%). th ... | 1979 | 115127 |
[changes in the digestibility of constituents of the diet in the rabbit]. | fiber digestibility of two diets (the first based on alfalfa dried, the second based on beet-pulp dried) with the same level of crude fiber and crude protein was measured on rabbits of 6, 7, 11, 13 and 17 weeks old. the age has no significative effect on digestibility (dry matter, organic matter, crude fiber) of the two experimental diets. the quantity of cellulose and hemicellulose digested was greater in rabbits on the pulp diet. independantly of the diet hemicellulose is more digestible than ... | 1978 | 153189 |
anti-bradykinin activity found in beet (beta vulgaris l. var rapa dumort. f. rubra dc.). | | 1975 | 241497 |
quantitative study on anomeric forms of glucose produced by alpha-glucosidases. | anomeric forms of glucose produced from phenyl alpha-maltoside, maltose, or phenyl alpha-glucoside have been determined quantitatively by simultaneous measurements of optical rotation and reducing power, for eight kinds of glucose-producing 1,4-alpha-glucosyl hydrolases, including glucose-forming amylase from human urine, and alpha-glucosidases from pig serum, honey bee, buckwheat seed, rice seed, sugar beet seed, flint corn seed, and brewer's yeast. all the eight enzymes studied were found to p ... | 1979 | 376499 |
[effect of wood waste on the digestibility of glycides and level of volatile fatty acids in sheep]. | sheep were subject to an experiment concerning the effect of treated beech sawdust and thickened aqueous hydrolyzate of beech wood (xylocel) on the digestibility of glycides and on the level of volatile fatty acids (vfa) in the rumen content. the results prove that the use of treated beech sawdust as a replacer for ground barley straw favourably influenced the digestibility of monosaccharides, cellulose, lignin and total dry matter of the diet. sawdust reduced the concentration of total vfa in t ... | 1977 | 413245 |
[new toxins from aspergillus fumigatus fresenius]. | a strain of aspergillus fumigatus fres., isolated from sugar-beet draffs, synthesizes in vitro four toxic metabolites which have not yet been described in these fungal species. toxic effects of the most abundant of these metabolites "fumitoxin a" have been studed on chick embryo. artemia salina larvae, cell cultures, and on mice. | 1978 | 418904 |
determination of endotoxins in sugar with the limulus test. | the limulus amebocyte lysate test has been used for determination of pyrogens in sugar of different qualities. all the samples of domestic white sugar and beet raw sugar produced in sweden during 1976 had a very low content of endotoxins, less than 10 ng/g of sugar. imported cane raw sugar was, however, highly contaminated. the highest value obtained corresponds to about 100 mg of escherichia coli endotoxin per g of raw sugar. such crude sugar cannot, even after refining, be used for medical pur ... | 1979 | 526016 |
[some properties of anti-bradykinin substance from beet (beta vulgaris l. var. rapa dumort. f. rubra dc.) roots (author's transl)]. | | 1979 | 536892 |
polyploidy and domestication: the origin and survival of polyploids in cytotype mixtures. | the origin and survival of a polyploid in a mixture of this polyploid and its parent(s) is reviewed. with several examples a picture is drawn of the interference of cytotypes in a mixture of cytotypes. some natural polyploids, both wild and domesticated, are very successful. they, like bread wheat and banana, largely replaced their parents. the same is true for some artificial polyploids like autotriploid hybride sugar beet in europe and autotetraploid perennial ryegrass. but when grown together ... | 1979 | 550834 |
[effect of high-carbohydrate diet in the form of sugar beet on glucose and ketone body levels in the blood serum of highly pregnant and freshly lactating cows]. | in an experiment using 24 high-yielding cows (3rd and 6th lactations), group ii was fed sugar beet as carbohydrate source (2 kg dm per animal and day) for 4 weeks before and for 4 weeks after parturition, whilst group i was given the equivalent amount of dried spent beet pulp. sugar beet feeding during the dry period caused the glucose level in the blood to rise significantly from 48 to 55 mg/100 ml. on the 21st day of lactation the glucose concentration in group ii (27 mg) had declined more str ... | 1977 | 564173 |
studies of the mycoparasitism in rhizosphere of emerging sugar-beet. | pythium oligandrum drechsler was found as a very weak pathogen of emerging sugar-beet by means of the inoculation of the sterilized soil. the hyperparasitic ability of pythium oligandrum drechsler to relative species, viz. pythium ultimum trow and pythium debaryanum (hesse) were proved in rhizosphere of emerging sugar-beet. the rhizosphere soil inoculation by p. ultimum resulted in the sugar-beet emergence about 3% while the sugar-beet emergence achieved 110% if p. ultimum and p. oligandrum were ... | 1978 | 576111 |
[adjustment of the ammonia level in the rumen by sorption on bentonite and dried beet pulp]. | the effect was studied of bentonite and spent sugar beet pulp on the ammonia level in the rumen juice sheep fed hay, ground barley and a urea supplementation. in comparison with a control trial, the nitrogen supply to the rumen juice proved more continuous, this fact improving the conditions for the microbial protein synthesis at the time fo the strongest fermentation. the interaction of bentonite, beet pectin and ammonium ions is attributed to the ion exchange. | 1977 | 603395 |
the intake of nitrate, nitrite and volatile n-nitrosamines and the occurrence of volatile n-nitrosamines in human urine and veal calves. | a hundred samples of total diets, 19 samples of cheese (mainly dutch), a total of 30 samples of muscle, fat liver, kidney, blood and fried meat from experimental veal calves (fed daily with 0.6 or 300 mg of potassium nitrate per kg b.w.) and 14 samples of urine of patients medicated with massive amounts of ammonium nitrate (up to an equivalent of 180 mg potassium nitrate per kg b.w.) have been analysed with gc-tea for their content of the following n-nitrosamines: ndma, ndea, ndpa, ndba, npip, n ... | 1978 | 680737 |
parasitic relationships between pythium oligandrum drechsler and some other species of the oomycetes class. | parasitic relationships between pythium oligandrum drechsler and some phytopathogenic species of the oomycetes class were investigated on agar plates. a high parasitic ability of pythium oligandrum on pythium ultimum trow, p. debaryanum hesse, and aphanomyces laevis de by species was proved in this study of relationships among these fungi, commonly populating the rhizosphere of emerging sugar beet. p. oligandrum produces numerous thin haustorial threads, searching the hyphae of host species and ... | 1978 | 726706 |
relation of pythium oligandrum drechsler to bacteria, actinomyces, and several fungi inhabiting the rhizosphere of the emerging sugar-beet. | | 1978 | 726707 |
comparative immunochemistry of bacterial, algal and plant ferredoxins. | 1. antibodies were produced in rabbits to the 4fe-4s ferrodoxins from bacillus stearothermophilus, the 2 [4fe-4s] ferredoxin from clostridium pasteurianum, and the 2fe-2s ferredoxins from the blue-green algia spirulina maxima, the green alga scenedesmus obliquus, and the higher plant beta vulgaris. the antibodies were tested for immunoprecipitation activity with seven bacterial, twelve blue-green algal, six eukaryotic algal and six higher plant ferredoxins. 2. antibodies to the bacterial ferredo ... | 1977 | 836867 |
[effect of carboxyline on some metabolic processes and the productivity of cattle during fattening]. | feeding carboxylin to bulls of the black-piebald breed for six months with the beet-cutting fattening essentially increases assimilation of nitrogen, in particular of diammonium phosphate nitrogen, from the ration. in the experiments with liver sections and homogenates of animals of the control and experimental groups it is established that carboxylin activates incorporation of acetate-2-14 c into proteins and lipids as well as from nah14co3 into the acid-soluble organic substances. in the liver ... | 1976 | 941316 |
[protein utilization of mixed feed rations in lactating pigs with reference to the essential amino acid content of the feed proteins. 2. report. utilization of the feed proteins in the use of soy bean extraction residue, waste liquor yeast, horse bean meal fish meal and maize gluten for a basic ration]. | nitrogen trials were performed on lactating pigs to investigate the utilization of protein from some feeding rations. the basal ration fed to the sows consisted of ground barley+oats+flaked potatoes or ground barley+sugar beet chips. the basal ration was supplemented with a protein source. the protein feeds used were extracted soya bean meal, horse bean meal, fish meal, maize gluten and waste liquor yeast. data for the average biological value of the dietary proteins were as follows (in the give ... | 1976 | 1035091 |
size, conformation and purity of chloroplast dna of some higher plants. | 1. chloroplast dna of antirrhinum majus, oenothera hookeri, beta vulgaris and spinacia oleracea band at the same buoyant density of 1.697 g-cm-3 in neutral cscl equilibrium gradients. the corresponding nuclear dnas band at 1.691, 1.703, 1.695 and 1.695 g-cm-3, respectively. the purity of chloroplast and nuclear dna can be assessed objectively only in the cases of antirrhinum and oenothera. 2. electron microscopic analysis of chloroplast dna, purified in cscl or cscl/ethidium bromide gradients, r ... | 1975 | 1092350 |
[in the near future will women be able to choose the sex of their children by following a diet?]. | the evidence for the author's hypothesis, that the sex ratio may be altered by the ionic environment during fertilization is presented. in the 1930's, it was discovered that the proportion of males increased as the ratio of potassium to calcium + magnesium ions increased for several marine species: an invertebrate bonellia viridis, aquarium fish aphyosemion microphtalmum, amphibian discoglossus pictus, dinophilus apatris, and some eels. these sex ratios cannot be affected by manipulating the ... | 1975 | 1136075 |
[intoxication in cattle caused by a batch of sugar beet pulp (author's transl)]. | during the period from dec. 7th 1972 to jan. 8th 1973 76 cattle deaths were reported in 20 herds on the island of møon and the adjacent south-eastern area of sealand. the disease was characterized by a sudden onset and a rapid and invariably fatal course. initially, there was a loss of appetite, depression, excessive salivation and incoordination. these symptoms progressed to paralysis and, in some animals, trmor and convulsions. death usually ensued less than 2 hours after the first observation ... | 1975 | 1181552 |
[enzymatic decomposition of pectin in the presence of amino acids and proteins]. | the influence of amino acids--glycine, alpha-alanine, lysine, phenylalanine, serine, methionine, cysteine, tryptophan, aspartic acid and asparagine--and proteins--chick egg albumin and autolysate of aspergillus niger biomass--on the disintegration of beet pectine by the asp. niger enzymic preparation was investigated. this process was shown to depend on the chemical composition and concentration of amino acids and the protein nature. all the tested amino acids, except tryptophan, at doses of 0.0 ... | 1975 | 1187572 |
[studies of the influence of nutritional factors on the ruminal mucosa. 1. structure and functional state of the ruminal mucosa after feeding of extreme rations and abrupt change in nutrition]. | different rations were used in successive experimental periods (dried green feeds (i), fresh green feed from sugar beet tops (ii), concentrates (iii, iv), and maize silage (v), to test the effect they have on the structure and oxidative functions of the ruminal mucosa in cattle. rations i, ii, iv, and v were both energy and protein equivalent. biopsy specimens from ruminal papillae were taken on the day when rations were suddenly changed and on the 21st and 22nd day of the feeding period; they w ... | 1975 | 1233943 |
[studies on the suitability of solid materials in porcine feces for use in the fattening of cattle. 1. procedure and results of fattening trials]. | mixtures of pelleted fool containing 30% or 50% of solid material from pig semi-liquid manure were fed to fattening bulls in a 252-day feeding trial. the controls (comprising 9 animals each) received pelleted straw concentrates. the digestibility of the pellets used in these trials was tested on sheep. the animals accepted these pellets readily after a period of adjustment (consumption of dry matter per animal per day: 7.58 kg and 8.20 kg). the daily weight gains of the experimental animals were ... | 1975 | 1233977 |
[studies with ammonized straw pellets used as a sole basal diet in the feeding of ruminants. 1. feeding trials with dairy cows fed ammonized straw pellets as a sole basal diet]. | feeding trials were performed with two groups of dairy cows receiving ammonized straw pellets supplemented with varying levels of concentrates as sole basal diet. the trials were carried out over periods of 546 days and 120 days. an annual milk production of 4217.9 kgs (calculated on the basis of 3.5% of milk fat) per cow was achieved in group i by feeding 3060.6 kgs of straw pellets and 2014.7 kgs of concentrates per animal. after subtracting all additives an amount of 2641.1 kgs of pure straw ... | 1975 | 1241939 |
isolation and characterization of the 'photosynthetic' phosphoglycerate kinase from beta vulgaris. | 1. phosphoglycerate kinase has been isolated from a photosynthetic plant tissue, beta vulgaris leaves. the purification procedure is described. 2. the best preparation had no detectable impurity on electrophoresis, and had a specific activity comparable with the same enzyme from other sources. 3. the molecular weight was not distinguishably different from that of the yeast or muscle enzyme, as measured by polyacrylamide-dodecylsulphate electrophoresis. measurement of aromatic and sulphydryl resi ... | 1976 | 1261557 |
the effect of frequency of feeding on milk secretion in the ayrshire cow. | four ayrshire cows in their second lactation were used in a 4 x 4 latin square experiment to determine the effects of frequency of feeding on milk secretion. the animals were given a diet consisting of hay, sugar-beet pulp and dairy concentrates (34-9:19-7:45-5 on a dry-matter basis) either in 2 equal meals/d at 07.00 and 17.00 h or with the hay in 4 meals at 07.00, 12.00, 17.00 and 22.00 h and the sugar-beet pulp and concentrates in 24-h meals. each feeding frequency was tested at 2 levels of f ... | 1976 | 1262561 |
efficiency of bacterial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep receiving a diet of sugar beet pulp and barley. | | 1976 | 1263457 |
comparison of energy deposition and utilization of feedstuffs and rations between growing and adult pigs. | the effect of energy deposition and the utilization of feedstuffs and rations were compared between growing and adult pigs. the good agreement in the data leads to the conclusion, that the energy deposition effect of feedstuffs and rations in growing pigs can be estimated with an equation based on measurements in adult pigs. exceptions are feedstuffs which are digested bacterially to a relatively high part in the large intestine, as e.g. sugar beet pulp, raw potatoes or similar feed. | 1992 | 1297301 |
ochratoxigenic moulds and ochratoxin a in forages and grain feeds. | the contamination of forages and grain feeds with ochratoxigenic moulds and ochratoxin a was examined. the investigations were carried out over a period of three years in all seasons. feeds were found to be contaminated with moulds at a high level throughout the three research years. the highest percentage (95 to 100) of contaminated feed samples was noticed during the second year. total viable counts of moulds established in 1 g of feed samples ranged from 0.5 to 7.8 x 10(6). penicillium spp. w ... | 1992 | 1298163 |
distribution of aflatoxin-producing moulds and aflatoxins in dairy cattle feed and raw milk. | distribution of aflatoxigenic moulds and aflatoxin b1 in yugoslav dairy cattle feeds as well as the presence of aflatoxin b1 and m1 in raw milk, was tested. the experiments were carried out through three years (in all seasons). samples were taken from state and private farms in vojvodina. feeds were contaminated in 83-100% with moulds. fungi of farms in vojvodina. feeds were contaminated in 83-100% with moulds. fungi of aspergillus flavus-oryzae group were present permanently and the highest inc ... | 1992 | 1307441 |
effects of dietary fermentable fiber on fatty acid synthesis and triglyceride secretion in rats fed fructose-based diet: studies with sugar-beet fiber. | in an attempt to elucidate the role of the dietary fermentable fiber in reduction of hyperlipidemia, we substituted 30% wheat starch with 30% sugar-beet fiber in rats fed a fructose-based (41% fructose), low-fat (2% corn oil) diet. male wistar rats ate the test diets for 3 weeks. feeding the sugar-beet fiber (sbf) diet resulted in a significant enlargement of the cecum; it also increased the concentration of volatile fatty acids compared with rats fed a fiber-free (ff) diet. feeding sbf decrease ... | 1992 | 1311452 |
bile acid metabolism in rats fed two levels of corn oil and brans of oat, rye and barley and sugar beet fiber. | high concentrations of fecal bile acids are associated with a higher incidence of colon cancer. dietary changes that alter bile acid metabolism are therefore of interest. here, we report the effect of feeding diets containing four fiber sources and two fat levels for 7 wk on bile acid excretion and small intestinal bile acids (an index of pool size) in rats. the fiber sources were oat bran, rye bran, barley bran and sugar beet fiber. fiber-containing diets were 8% dietary fiber and contained eit ... | 1992 | 1311754 |
the effects of sugar-beet fibre supplementation for five weeks on zinc, iron and copper status in human subjects. | the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of fibre supplementation on zinc, iron and copper status in human subjects. ten males (53 +/- 8 years of age) participated in this study which consisted of three phases: baseline-1 period (2 weeks) in which subjects were on their normal, habitual dietary intake, followed by a period of fibre supplementation (5 weeks) in which subjects were supplemented with 26 g dietary fibre/d, and baseline-2 period (4 weeks) in which fibre supplement was ... | 1992 | 1313763 |
dietary fiber for dogs: iii. effects of beet pulp and oat fiber additions to dog diets on nutrient intake, digestibility, metabolizable energy, and digesta mean retention time. | the objective of this experiment was to determine whether alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated oat hulls (termed oat fiber; of) are nutritionally efficacious as a source of dietary fiber in meat-based dog foods. thirty female english pointers were assigned in a completely randomized design to isonitrogenous diets. treatments were 1) control diet, 2) 7.5% added beet pulp (bp), and 3) 2.5, 4) 5.0, and 5) 7.5% added of. inclusion of 7.5% bp increased (p less than .05) dm intake and decreased (p less ... | 1992 | 1316346 |
effect of a dietary fiber (beet fiber) on dimethylhydrazine-induced colon cancer in wistar rats. | the modifying effect of a dietary fiber, fibeta (beet fiber), on experimentally induced colorectal cancer was studied in wistar rats. the rats were fed a powdered semisynthetic casein-based diet in which the carbohydrate pool was substituted with fibeta as the sole source of fiber. dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride (dmh-2hcl) was used as initiator in a dose of 20 mg/kg body wt and given by gavage once a week for 10 weeks. throughout the experiment the rats were offered the diets with different l ... | 1992 | 1331991 |
feeding value of dried sugar beet pulp from egyptian production. | dried sugar beet pulp was fed to sheep in mixture with molasses (bpm), molasses plus urea (bpmu) or with hay (bph) in comparison to whole diet of hay (h) in four metabolic trials. there were no significant differences among the four rations although bpmu reflected the highest digestibility of nutrients. the bph had the highest feeding value (total digestible nutrients "tdn" and metabolizable energy) and caused the highest retention of nitrogen. blood profile revealed that there were no significa ... | 1992 | 1338357 |
insect resistant cotton plants. | we have expressed truncated forms of the insect control protein genes of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki hd-1(cryia(b) and hd-73 (cryia(c) in cotton plants at levels that provided effective control of agronomically important lepidopteran insect pests. total protection from insect damage of leaf tissue from these plants was observed in laboratory assays when tested with two lepidopteran insects, an insect relatively sensitive to the b.t.k. insect control protein, trichoplusia ni (cabbage loo ... | 1990 | 1366777 |
epitope mapping on fragments of beet necrotic yellow vein virus coat protein. | the location of five sds-stable epitopes on the coat protein (cp) of beet necrotic yellow vein virus was determined by reacting escherichia coli-expressed free cp, as well as fusion proteins (fp) containing fragments of the cp, with polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies on western blots. epitope 1, which has previously been found to be exposed on only one extremity of the virus particle, was located in the region between amino acids (aa) 1 and 7, i.e. on the n terminus of the cp. it was blocked w ... | 1992 | 1372040 |
exogenous primer-independent cdna synthesis with commercial reverse transcriptase preparations on plant virus rna templates. | upon reverse transcription and cloning manipulations with virion rnas of several plant viruses, namely beet yellows virus, brome mosaic virus, and potato virus x, we came across a significant background synthesis of cdna on the virion rna template in vitro independent of exogenous primers added. when tested with beet yellow virus rna template, several commercial preparations of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) reverse transcriptase showed the background activity monitored by the [alpha-32p]dntp ... | 1992 | 1381874 |
cloning and characterization of a pathogen-induced chitinase in brassica napus. | a chitinase cdna clone from rapeseed (brassica napus l. ssp. oleifera) was isolated. the cdna clone, chb4, represents a previously purified and characterized basic chitinase isozyme. the longest open reading frame in chb4 encodes a polypeptide of 268 amino acids. this polypeptide consists of a 24 amino acid n-terminal signal peptide, a cysteine-rich domain and a catalytic domain. the primary structure of the mature chb4 shows a low degree of identity with class i and ii chitinases, 43-48% and 35 ... | 1992 | 1391771 |
agroinfection as an alternative to insects for infecting plants with beet western yellows luteovirus. | beet western yellows luteovirus, like other luteoviruses, cannot be transmitted to host plants by mechanical inoculation but requires an aphid vector, a feature that has heretofore presented a serious obstacle to the study of such viruses. in this paper we describe use of agroinfection to infect hosts with beet western yellows virus without recourse to aphids. agroinfection is a procedure for introducing a plant virus into a host via agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring a ti plasmid, which can ef ... | 1992 | 1409615 |
coat protein gene duplication in a filamentous rna virus of plants. | computer-assisted analysis revealed a striking sequence similarity between the putative 24-kda protein (p24) encoded by open reading frame (orf) 5 of beet yellows closterovirus and the coat protein of this virus encoded by the adjacent orf6. both of these proteins are closely related to the homologous proteins of another closterovirus, citrus tristeza virus. it is hypothesized that the genes for coat protein and its diverged tandem copy have evolved by duplication. phylogenetic analysis using va ... | 1992 | 1409617 |
a dna library from an individual beta patellaris chromosome conferring nematode resistance obtained by microdissection of meiotic metaphase chromosomes. | we have used a standard protocol established for human chromosomes to create a chromosome-specific plasmid library from a beta patellaris chromosome conferring nematode resistance. a monosomic addition line was chosen carrying 18 sugar-beet (beta vulgaris l.) and one wild-beet (b. patellaris) chromosome. the wild-beet chromosome can readily be identified as a univalent during metaphase i of meiosis. highly synchronized meiotic material was used to excise the univalents from four pollen mother ce ... | 1992 | 1421153 |
toxin production by fusarium species from sugar beets and natural occurrence of zearalenone in beets and beet fibers. | fifty-five fusarium isolates belonging to nine species were collected from fungus-invaded tissue of stored sugar beets and identified as f. acuminatum (11 isolates), f. avenaceum (1 isolate), f. culmorum (1 isolate), f. equiseti (23 isolates), f. graminearum (4 isolates), f. oxysporum (1 isolate), f. solani (4 isolates), f. sporotrichioides (7 isolates), and f. subglutinans (2 isolates). all isolates were cultured on autoclaved rice grains and assayed for toxicity by feeding weanling female rats ... | 1992 | 1444361 |
formation of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) by azotobacter vinelandii uwd. | azotobacter vinelandii uwd formed polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) copolymers containing beta-hydroxybutyrate and beta-hydroxyvalerate (hv) when grown in a medium containing glucose as the primary c source and valerate (pentanoate) as a precursor. copolymer was not formed when propionate was added to the glucose medium but was formed when heptanoate, nonanoate, or trans-2-pentenoate was present. optimal levels of hv were formed when valerate was added at the time of maximum pha synthesis, although hv ... | 1992 | 1444399 |
construction and characterisation of a yeast artificial chromosome library containing two haploid beta vulgaris l. genome equivalents. | we have constructed a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) library using high-molecular-weight dna prepared from agarose-embedded protoplasts of a sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) cell suspension line, ar+. this library contains 15,000 clones with an average insert size of 140 kb. based on a sugar beet haploid genome size of 1.1 x 10(3) mb it should represent approximately two haploid genome equivalents. the library is organised as an ordered array in duplicate microtitre plates. high-density filters, ... | 1992 | 1446818 |
tracer studies of urea kinetics in growing pigs: i. the effect of intravenous infusion of urea on urea recycling and the site of urea secretion into the gastrointestinal tract. | four gilts (average bw 80 kg) were used in the first experiment to study the effect of i.v. infusion of urea on urea kinetics by means of a radioisotope dilution technique. the pigs were fed twice daily 600 g of a cornstarch-based diet formulated to contain 16% cp by supplementation with isolated soy protein. infusion of urea, compared with saline, increased (p < .05) plasma urea concentration, urea pool size, urea entry, urea excretion, and urea degradation rates; urea turnover rate and urea sp ... | 1992 | 1459907 |
exploitation of gene(s) involved in 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthesis to confer a new biocontrol capability to a pseudomonas strain. | tn5 mutagenesis and complementation analysis were used to clone a 6-kb genomic fragment required for biosynthesis of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (phl) from fluorescent pseudomonas sp. strain f113. a recombinant plasmid, pcu203, containing this region partially complemented a phl production-negative mutant (f113g22) derived from strain f113. when sugar beet seeds were sown into an unsterilized soil, in which sugar beet was subject to damping-off by pythium ultimum, the emergence of sugar beet seed ... | 1992 | 1476431 |
cell membranes and multilamellar vesicles: influence of ph on solvent induced damage. | pigment leakage from sheep and horse erythrocytes and from red beet tissue induced by non-polar solvents was determined as a function of ph. the results were compared to disruption of multilamellar vesicles (mlv) composed of phospholipids with equimolar cholesterol under identical conditions of solvent exposure and ph. solvent access to cholesterol was used to measure vesicle disruption. mlv were made from 1,2-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin (sp) and various phosphatidylcholines ... | 1992 | 1487967 |
[liver diseases of fattening bulls]. | the authors report on occurrence, causes and diagnostics of liver affections observed in fattening bulls in ukrainia between 1982 and 1988. for this purpose, 2747 bulls in 10 fattening plants had been controlled clinically once during the last month of their final fattening period (lasting, according to the feeding schedule, from the 4th until the 12th, or from the 6th until the 18th month of life), and 1318 of them were controlled for eventual hepatic lesions at slaughter. the authors found an ... | 1992 | 1505364 |
gene rescue in plants by direct gene transfer of total genomic dna into protoplasts. | to study the possibility of gene rescue in plants by direct gene transfer we chose the arabidopsis mutant gh50 as a source of donor dna. gh50 is tolerant of chlorsulfuron, a herbicide of the sulfonylurea class. tobacco protoplasts were cotransfected with genomic dna and the plasmid php23 which confers kanamycin resistance. a high frequency of cointegration of the plasmid and the genomic dna was expected, which would allow the tagging of the plant selectable trait with the plasmid dna. after tran ... | 1992 | 1508682 |
computer-assisted assignment of functional domains in the nonstructural polyprotein of hepatitis e virus: delineation of an additional group of positive-strand rna plant and animal viruses. | computer-assisted comparison of the nonstructural polyprotein of hepatitis e virus (hev) with proteins of other positive-strand rna viruses allowed the identification of the following putative functional domains: (i) rna-dependent rna polymerase, (ii) rna helicase, (iii) methyltransferase, (iv) a domain of unknown function ("x" domain) flanking the papain-like protease domains in the polyproteins of animal positive-strand rna viruses, and (v) papain-like cysteine protease domain distantly relate ... | 1992 | 1518855 |
dsrna cloning and diagnosis of beet pseudo-yellows virus by pcr and nucleic acid hybridization. | dsrna has been extracted from beet pseudo-yellows virus infected cucumber plants, purified to homogeneity, and cdna clones to it produced. the clones are of insufficient sensitivity to detect infection-specific rna in dot and northern blots of crude nucleic acid extracts. however, a knowledge of the sequence of these clones has been used to synthesize oligonucleotides that have been used for polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific sequences from both purified dsrna and from infected ... | 1992 | 1526749 |
cis-active sequences near the 5'-termini of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rnas 3 and 4. | rnas 3 and 4 of the multicomponent genome of beet necrotic yellow vein virus are dispensable for infection of chenopodium quinoa leaves. we have used mutagenesis of biologically active rna 3 transcripts to identify 5'-proximal sequences essential in cis for rna 3 amplification. one such element, box i, (nucleotides 283-292) was complementary to the first 10 residues (box i') following the 5'-terminal cap. a second cis-active element (box ii) was identified between nucleotides 237-244 and was com ... | 1992 | 1529554 |
antibodies to mammalian and plant v-atpases cross react with the v-atpase of insect cation-transporting plasma membranes. | in immunobiochemical blots, polyclonal antibodies against subunits of plant and mammalian vacuolar-type atpases (v-atpases) cross-react strongly with corresponding subunits of larval manduca sexta midgut plasma membrane v-atpase. thus, rabbit antiserum against kalanchoe daigremontiana tonoplast v-atpase holoenzyme cross-reacts with the 67, 56, 40, 28 and 20 kda subunits of midgut v-atpase separated by sds-page. antisera against bovine chromaffin granule 72 and 39 kda v-atpase subunits cross-reac ... | 1992 | 1534830 |
two proteins encoded by beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 3 influence symptom phenotype on leaves. | rna 3 of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) quadripartite rna genome is not essential for virus multiplication on leaves of tetragonia expansa but has dramatic effects on symptom expression. virus isolates containing rna 3 produce bright yellow local lesions while isolates lacking rna 3 produce much milder symptoms. using directed mutagenesis of cdna clones followed by in vitro synthesis of biologically active transcripts, a 25 kda open reading frame (orf) of rna 3 was shown to be respo ... | 1992 | 1537331 |
selenocysteyl-trnas recognize uga in beta vulgaris, a higher plant, and in gliocladium virens, a filamentous fungus. | selenocysteyl-trnas that decode uga were previously identified in representatives of three of the five life kingdoms which were the monera, animal and protist kingdoms. in the present study, we show that these trnas also occur in representatives of the two remaining kingdoms, plants and fungi; i.e., selenocysteyl-trnas which code for uga occur in beta vulgaris, a higher plant, and in gliocladium virens, a filamentous fungus. the fact that selenocysteyl-trnas are present in all five life kingdoms ... | 1992 | 1567433 |
single- and double-stranded rnas associated with an isolate of beet soil-borne virus. | ethidium bromide staining of electrophoretically separated ssrnas and dsrnas as well as northern blot analyses with cdna clones suggested that the genome of the ahlum serotype of beet soil-borne virus (bsbv) consists of two major ssrna species of approximately 3.6 and 3.2 kb, respectively, and possibly a minor ssrna of approximately 6.0 kb. a few of our clones hybridized with both the 3.6-kb and the 3.2-kb rnas, the majority of the clones, however, hybridized only with the 3.2-kb rna. the 3.2-kb ... | 1992 | 1568837 |
a comparison, using dsrna analysis, between beet soil-borne virus and some other tubular viruses isolated from sugar beet. | double-stranded rna preparations from chenopodium quinoa leaves inoculated with two english isolates of beet soil-borne virus (bsbv), bsbv-n and bsbv-452n, a french isolate of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), a swedish isolate of a tubular beet virus (86-109) or a belgian isolate of a similar virus (1530) were compared following separation on non-denaturing polyacrylamide gels. the dsrnas of bnyvv differed in mobility from those isolated from tissue infected with the other four tubular b ... | 1992 | 1588330 |
assessment of concentrations of beet necrotic yellow vein virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | a quantitative screening method based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv). with respect to the assessment of the dose-response curve, the response-error relation, and the precision profile the choice of concentrations and replications per concentration was investigated. special attention was given to control and fulfillment of validity assumptions as formulated by finney (1978). to this end the influence of the dilution medium fo ... | 1992 | 1597507 |
efficient cell-to-cell movement of beet necrotic yellow vein virus requires 3' proximal genes located on rna 2. | rna 2 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) carries six open reading frames. the four 3' proximal frames encode the proteins p42, p13, p15, and p14. the first three species present homologies to proteins encoded by three overlapping open reading frames (the triple gene block) in potexviruses, carlaviruses, and barley stripe mosaic virus. p14 does not display homology with other known plant viral proteins. the functions of p42, p13, p15, and p14 were investigated by site-directed mutagenesis ... | 1992 | 1604825 |
single cell protein production from beet pulp by mixed culture. | different mixed cultures of trichoderma reesei and a yeast were cultivated on beet pulp (bp)-containing medium. t. reesei and kluyveromyces marxianus offered a combination that gave high scp yields (51%) and efficiently converted bp into proteins (39.4%). the yeast extract in the basal medium could be substituted and the bp level multiplicated from 2 to 4% upon using mixed culture of t. reesei and k. marxianus. under these conditions the protein yields reached to a maximum value of 54% and highe ... | 1992 | 1605920 |
hsp70-related 65 kda protein of beet yellows closterovirus is a microtubule-binding protein. | beet yellows virus (byv) genome encodes a 65 kda protein homologous to the hsp70 family of cellular heat-shock proteins (agranovsky, a.a., boyko, v.p., karasev, a.v., koonin, e.v. and dolja, v.v. (1991) j. mol. biol. 217, 603-610). the respective gene was cloned and expressed in vitro yielding a product of the expected size (p65). this product was found to bind to the purified microtubules with a binding constant of 4 x 10(-7) m. the binding of p65 was stimulated if atp presented in the translat ... | 1992 | 1618294 |
in vitro mutagenesis of biologically active transcripts of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna 2: evidence that a domain of the 75-kda readthrough protein is important for efficient virus assembly. | rna 2 of the multipartite genome of beet necrotic yellow vein virus carries the cistron for 21-kda viral coat protein at its 5' extremity. the amber termination codon of the coat protein cistron undergoes suppression approximately 10% of the time so that translation continues into an adjacent 54-kda open reading frame, yielding a 75-kda readthrough protein. the roles of coat protein and the readthrough protein in infection were investigated with biologically active transcripts of rna 2. much of ... | 1992 | 1631051 |
apolipoprotein b gene expression in rat intestine. the effect of dietary fiber. | the effect of the dietary fiber on apo b mrna level was studied in the intestine of rats that were fed either fiber-free or high-fiber (30% sugar-beet fiber) low-fat diets for 3 weeks. the fiber diet studied does not affect jejunal apo b mrna levels but decreases the level of ileal apo b mrna. in the rat cecum, in both fiber-free and fiber groups, we failed to detect the apo b mrna. the test fiber diet feeding markedly increased fecal bile salt and cholesterol excretions. we suggest that dietary ... | 1991 | 1647973 |
effect of type of fiber on the rate of passage and on the contribution of soft feces to nutrient intake of finishing rabbits. | one hundred thirty new zealand white x california rabbits were used to study the influence of the source of dietary fiber on several digestive criteria. five diets were formulated to provide 10% crude fiber (cf) on a dm basis. sixty percent of this dietary fiber was supplied by alfalfa hay, citrus pulp, beet pulp, grape marc, or rice hulls in the diets. weights of cecal contents, cecal ammonia concentration, and molar proportion of acetic acid in diets including pulps were higher and cecal level ... | 1991 | 1649153 |
the effects of sugar-beet fibre and wheat bran on iron and zinc absorption in rats. | | 1991 | 1652283 |
the influence of timing and the addition of urea to supplements containing dl-methionine on ruminal fermentation and cow weight change in beef cows. | a study was conducted to determine an optimal time for supplementation of dl-methionine in relation to time of forage intake by mature british breed-type crossbred cows, and two other experiments were conducted to determine whether ruminal ammonia concentration limited changes in disappearance rates in situ and ruminal functions caused by supplements containing dl-methionine. experiments 1 and 2 used 4 x 4 latin square designs with four cows in each experiment. treatments in exp. 1 were no suppl ... | 1991 | 1661284 |
effects of dietary protein-energy interrelationships on holstein steer performance and ruminal bacterial fermentation in continuous culture. | in vivo and in vitro 3 x 2 factorial experiments were conducted concurrently to evaluate the incorporation of 0, 15, or 30% sugar beet pulp (sbp) as an energy source in diets fed to growing holstein steers with either soybean meal (sbm) or alcohol-treated, defatted soybean flakes (atsbf) as primary supplemental protein sources. three groups of 42 holstein steers each were fed six different diets from 54 kg initial bw to 320 kg in three experimental periods. there were no overall sbp level x prot ... | 1991 | 1667012 |
use of group-specific primers and the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of luteoviruses. | a general diagnostic assay for a number of distinct luteoviruses was developed using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and restriction enzyme analysis. two minimally degenerate, group-specific primers were derived from previously published rna sequences of three luteoviruses. this primer pair generated specific pcr fragments of about 530 bp from extracts of plants infected with potato leafroll virus, beet western yellows virus, or new york barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv) serotypes mav, pav, r ... | 1991 | 1675249 |
a characterization of epitopes on potato leafroll virus coat protein. | a panel of ten stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for potato leafroll virus (plrv) antigen, was produced in two fusion experiments with murine splenic and myeloma cells. using different elisa procedures and western blotting it was shown that one mab detected a continuous epitope and nine mabs reacted with conformation-dependent ones. the conformation-dependent epitopes could be separated into two groups after alkaline treatment of the virions. the mabs we ... | 1990 | 1701986 |
influence of elisa conditions on detection of serological relationships among luteoviruses. | three variations in the elisa procedure were used in an attempt to understand the basis for serological relationships among three isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (bydv-rpv-i from illinois, bydv-rpv-n from new york and bydv-pav from illinois), beet western yellows virus (bwyv) and soybean dwarf virus (sdv). detection of serological relationships was dependent on the state of the virus particle (e.g. dissociated or intact) and the method of detection (e.g. direct or indirect). in indirect el ... | 1991 | 1713915 |
biologically active transcripts of a large satellite rna from arabis mosaic nepovirus and the importance of 5' end sequences for its replication. | synthetic transcripts of a satellite rna associated with a lilac isolate of arabis mosaic nepovirus (armv) were made from cdna clones. transcripts having either six (m1r) or 29 (m3r) extra nucleotides at their 5' ends replicated in the presence of armv genomic rna in manually inoculated chenopodium quinoa plants, even though m1r also differs from the native sequence at nucleotide position 2. transcript 12r, which has 11 guanosyl residues and 27 other nucleotides not present in the natural satell ... | 1991 | 1722500 |
changes in development and ultrastructure of aspergillus niger mycelium, strain with increased tolerance to toxic substances from beet molasses. | effects of a defoamer and toxic molasses compounds on development and ultrastructure of a. niger mycelium, strain z, characterized by high tolerance to these substances and producing citric acid in surface fermentation on proper molasses media with 70% yield were presented. spumol bj in concentration of 5 microliters/100 cm3 as well as toxic molasses compounds stimulated the process of swelling and germinating of conidia. moreover, giant conidia, unable to germinate, appeared. developing myceliu ... | 1991 | 1726624 |
synthesis of full-length transcripts of beet western yellows virus rna: messenger properties and biological activity in protoplasts. | full-length cdna of beet western yellows virus genomic rna has been cloned behind the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter of the transcription vector bs(-). the in vitro run-off transcription product obtained in the presence of t7 rna polymerase and m7gpppg cap has the same messenger properties as natural viral rna in in vitro translation systems. the full-length transcript was also able to infect chenopodium quinoa protoplasts inoculated by electroporation. infection could be followed by t ... | 1992 | 1727597 |
nucleotide sequence of cdna encoding the coat protein of beet yellows virus. | a cdna clone of beet yellows viral rna expressed the viral coat protein gene in e. coli. the sequence of the 2724 nucleotide insert revealed three open reading frames, the 3' of which was shown to be the coat protein cistron. this cistron is expressed in e. coli, in spite of there being no obvious ribosome binding site upstream. | 1991 | 1771765 |
factors affecting the production of saccharomyces cerevisiae from sugar beet pulp. | factors affecting the production of s. cerevisiae from sugar beet pulp after acid hydrolysis were investigated. maximum yield and economic coefficient were obtained at sugar concentration of 7.15% after an incubation period of 72 h at 30 degrees c and ph 6.0 using a mixture (1:1) of ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate (0.2 g/g sugar) as nitrogen source. hplc analysis of beet pulp hydrolyzate showed that hexoses especially glucose serve as the most suitable sugars with regard to s. cerevisiae ... | 1991 | 1787848 |
a nondestructive method for peptide bond conjugation of antigenic haptens to a diphtheria toxoid carrier, exemplified by two antisera specific to acetolactate synthase. | a method for the preparation of an activated protein carrier is described: protein carboxyl groups are transformed into n-hydroxysulfosuccinimide esters, a structure that will react with primary amino groups under amide bond formation. although the activated ester is unstable under aqueous conditions, a significant amount of hapten molecules can be bound covalently to the carrier under very mild conditions. ligands can be peptides or other molecules possessing a primary amino group. the method a ... | 1991 | 1799217 |
sensitivity and specificity of nucleic acid probes for potato leafroll luteovirus detection. | complementary dna (cdna) probes, prepared by nick-translation or by oligolabelling of a 520 bp fragment representing residues 4741 to 5261 in the potato leafroll luteovirus (plrv) sequence, were equally sensitive, with a detection limit equivalent to sap from about 600 micrograms of infected potato or nicotiana clevelandii leaf tissue and to rna from about 120 micrograms tissue. increasing the concentration of oligolabelled probe gave similar results with shorter autoradiographic exposures, but ... | 1991 | 1804851 |
induction, purification and characterisation of arabinases produced by aspergillus niger. | the induction of arabinases in aspergillus niger n400 was studied on different simple and complex carbon sources. sugar beet pulp was found to be an inducer of three arabinan degrading enzymes (alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase a, alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase b and endoarabinase). these enzymes were purified from a. niger culture fluid after growth of the fungus in medium employing sugar beet pulp as the carbon source and were characterised both physico-chemically (mw 83,000, 67,000, 43,000 da and, pi ... | 1991 | 1814275 |
the detection of beet western yellows virus and beet mild yellowing virus in crop plants using the polymerase chain reaction. | oligonucleotide primers were synthesised corresponding to conserved sequences between three isolates of beet western yellows virus (bwyv), flanking a 913 base fragment of bwyv genomic rna. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), these primers successfully amplified the target fragment in total rna extracts from two oilseed rape plants infected with different isolates of bwyv. the pcr products were readily detected by staining with ethidium bromide following agarose gel electrophoresis, but th ... | 1991 | 1816257 |
application of scale-down experiments in the study of citric acid biosynthesis. | problems associated with the development of submersed citric acid biosynthesis on sugar beet molasses for process improvement were solved by scale-down experiments: the determination of optimal temperature profile, optimal ph value, influence of otr and inoculum quality. the optimal ph value at the start of the process was 6.4 with 3% of inoculum volume and temperature profile between 28-30 degrees c. in the case of otr which is scale-dependent, we prefer to use doc pilot plant data for the tran ... | 1991 | 1821875 |
nucleotide sequence analysis and genomic organization of the ny-rpv isolate of barley yellow dwarf virus. | cdna clones representing the ssrna genome of the ny-rpv isolate of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (bydv) were sequenced and 5600 nucleotides of the genome were determined. the deduced genome organization has limited similarity to that of another bydv isolate, vic-pav, but is identical to that of beet western yellows (bwyv) and potato leafroll (plrv) luteoviruses. ny-rpv has six major positive-sense open reading frames (orfs) and, by comparison with rna-dependent rna polymerase and nucleic acid h ... | 1991 | 1840612 |
ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase of higher plants. isolation and characterization of the bc1 complex from potato tuber mitochondria. | a procedure is described for isolation of active ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (bc1 complex) from potato tuber mitochondria using dodecyl maltoside extraction and ion exchange chromatography. the same procedure works well with mitochondria from red beet and sweet potato. the potato complex has at least 10 subunits resolvable by gel electrophoresis in the presence of dodecyl sulfate. the fifth subunit carries covalently bound heme. the two largest ("core") subunits either show heterogenei ... | 1991 | 1851164 |
evidence that the 75k readthrough protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rna-2 is essential for transmission by the fungus polymyxa betae. | two mutant strains of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) containing deletion mutants of rna-2 were produced during serial passage in mechanically inoculated tetragonia expansa leaves. the mutant strains were referred to as s-0a (rna-1 + 2a) and g-0b (rna-1 + 2b). rna-2a and rna-2b were about 4.3 kb and 4.2 kb in length, respectively, whereas normal sized rna-2 was about 4.8 kb in length. in vitro translation and immunoblot analysis showed that rna-2, rna-2a and rna-2b all directed synthesis ... | 1991 | 1856688 |
phylogeny of capsid proteins of rod-shaped and filamentous rna plant viruses: two families with distinct patterns of sequence and probably structure conservation. | computer-assisted comparative analysis of all available amino acid sequences of the capsid proteins of positive strand rna plant viruses with helical capsids is described. two distinct families of homologous proteins were delineated through statistically significant sequence similarities, one including the capsid proteins of rod-shaped viruses (tobamo-, tobra-, hordei-, and furoviruses) and the other those of filamentous viruses (poty-, bymo-, potex-, carla-, and closteroviruses). it was conclud ... | 1991 | 1871982 |
the nucleotide sequence and luteovirus-like nature of rna 1 of an aphid non-transmissible strain of pea enation mosaic virus. | an examination of the genomic strategy of pea enation mosaic virus (pemv) rna 1 has verified strong organizational and sequence relationships between pemv and the beet western yellows-potato leafroll luteovirus subgroup. sequence analysis of rna 1 demonstrated five predominant open reading frames (orfs). the extreme 5' orf encodes a 34k product of unknown function. the second orf encodes an 84k product which overlaps 90% of orf 1 (in a unique reading frame) and is expressed by internal initiatio ... | 1991 | 1875194 |
the phylogeny of rna-dependent rna polymerases of positive-strand rna viruses. | representative amino acid sequences of the rna-dependent rna polymerases of all groups of positive-strand rna viruses were aligned hierarchiacally, starting with the most closely related ones. this resulted in delineation of three large supergroups. within each of the supergroups, the sequences of segments of approximately 300 amino acid residues originating from the central and/or c-terminal portions of the polymerases could be aligned with statistically significant scores. specific consensus p ... | 1991 | 1895057 |
effect of recombinant beet necrotic yellow vein virus with different rna compositions on mechanically inoculated sugarbeets. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) inocula with different rna compositions were prepared from infectious transcripts of rnas 3 and 4 and the rg 1 isolate, which has a genome consisting only of rnas 1 and 2. the recombinant viruses were inoculated on 6- to 8-day-old sugarbeet seedlings by 'vortexing'. inocula containing rnas 1 and 2 or 1, 2 and 4 produced some growth reduction, but the most dramatic effects, with yield reductions of about 95% in a highly susceptible variety, were seen when r ... | 1991 | 1895061 |
replicational release of geminivirus genomes from tandemly repeated copies: evidence for rolling-circle replication of a plant viral dna. | agrobacterium-mediated inoculation of nicotiana benthamiana plants with ti plasmids containing tandem genome repeats derived from different strains of the gemini-virus beet curly top virus (bctv) resulted in the production of unit-length recombinant progeny genomes in systemically infected plants. when two putative plus-strand origins of replication were present in constructs used as inocula, a replicational escape mechanism was favored that resulted in progeny genomes of a single predominant ge ... | 1991 | 1896448 |
survival of listeria monocytogenes in a food colorant derived from red beets. | three commercial lots of the red beet colorant were inoculated to contain circa 10(3) to 10(7) listeria monocytogenes strains california, v7, or scott a per milliliter and stored for 56 d at 7 degrees c. mcbride listeria agar was used to determine numbers of survivors. selected colonies thought to be l. monocytogenes were confirmed biochemically. when necessary, samples were tested by cold enrichment (up to 8 weeks). samples of colorant initially containing 10(3) to 10(4) strain california/ml we ... | 1991 | 1903135 |
cdnas of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rnas 3 and 4 are rendered biologically active in a plasmid containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. | cdnas of beet necrotic yellow vein virus rnas 3 and 4 could be rendered biologically active when they were placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and polyadenylation signal. although the 35s in vivo transcripts should have contained up to forty 5' and several hundred 3' nonviral nucleotides, the progeny viral rnas had the same sizes as in naturally infected sugarbeets. the progeny rnas did not hybridize with the nonviral sequences indicating that they were apparent ... | 1991 | 1926790 |
dietary fiber for dogs: i. effects of graded levels of dietary beet pulp on nutrient intake, digestibility, metabolizable energy and digesta mean retention time. | the optimal level of beet pulp (bp) inclusion in a meat-based dog diet and the effects of graded levels of dietary bp on fecal excretion responses and mean retention time of marked fiber in the gastrointestinal tract of the dog were evaluated using 30 female english pointers assigned to isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0 or 12.5% bp (dm basis). beet pulp replaced portions of dietary cornstarch. digestibilities of dm and om decreased by an average of 6% when comparing diets co ... | 1990 | 1962765 |
dietary fiber for dogs: ii. iso-total dietary fiber (tdf) additions of divergent fiber sources to dog diets and their effects on nutrient intake, digestibility, metabolizable energy and digesta mean retention time. | the objectives of this study were to examine widely divergent fiber sources for their efficacy as ingredients in a meat-based dog diet and to determine the effects of these fibers on fecal excretion responses and mean retention time of marked fiber in the gastrointestinal tract of the dog. fiber sources tested included beet pulp (bp), tomato pomace (tp), peanut hulls (ph), wheat bran (wb) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (ahpws). diets were isonitrogenous (5.3% n) and iso-total ... | 1990 | 1962766 |
[the effect of food fiber on the biological value of meat products]. | the effect of food fibres of wheat bran, beet pectin and methylcellulose on the biological value of meat proteins has been studied in experiments on the growing rats. it has been shown, that up to 1% on food fibres of wheat bran and up to 0.5% of pectin and methylcellulose can be added to meat products without spoiling their qualitative indices. higher levels of these substances cause the reduction of the biological value of meat products. | 1990 | 1963612 |
the estimation of nutritive value of dairy cattle feed. | a survey is given of different methods used for the estimation of the net energy lactation and the digestible crude protein content of forages (grass hay, grass silage, maize silage) as well as tuber crops (fodder beet, turnips, raw potatoes), by-products (dried sugarbeet pulp, pressed sugarbeet pulp), compound feeds and raw ingredients for dairy cattle. the following methods are discussed: --methods only based on chemical parameters: crude fibre and cell walls. --methods using rumen fluid from ... | 1990 | 1963769 |