| plasma biochemical values of clinically-normal australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). | seventeen biochemical constituents were assayed in the blood plasma of clinically-normal australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). the sea lions formed part of a breeding colony which inhabits the southern coast of kangaroo island, south australia. little variation was found in any of the values obtained from animals of different age and sex. the results were compared with values published for california sea lions (zalophus californianus), northern fur seals (callorhinus ursinus), harbor seals (p ... | 1979 | 459034 |
| tuberculosis in a captive colony of pinnipeds. | tuberculosis was diagnosed in 10 of 16 otariid seals upon post mortem examination. the species involved were new zealand fur seals (arctocephalus forsteri), australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) and an australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). five seals died, four as a direct result of mycobacterial infection. one seal died of unrelated disease. the remaining 10 animals were subsequently tuberculin tested and then killed and necropsied. tuberculous lesions were seen in five. gro ... | 1991 | 2067051 |
| vaginal prolapse in a south australian sea lion (neophoca nove hollandia). | | 1982 | 7138450 |
| haematology of the australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea. | the haematology of the australian sea lion neophoca cinerea was studied in a breeding colony on kangaroo island, south australia. the methods used to catch and restrain the animals are described and the haematology of 38 animals of varying age and sex groups is recorded. total values for both erythrocytes and leucocytes were similar to those of other marine mammals and were in the ranges of 4.77 to 6.08 x 10(6) mm3 and 6.3 to 14.6 x 10(3) mm3, respectively. erythrocytes volumes were very large, ... | 1980 | 7373720 |
| amino acid composition of pinniped milk. | the total amino acid concentration and the amino acid pattern, i.e. the relative proportion of each amino acid (protein-bound plus free) to the total amino acids, in the milks of the northern elephant seal, antarctic fur seal, california sea lion, and australian sea lion were determined. total amino acid concentration was 10% (w/v) or greater and did not vary significantly among species. the most abundant amino acids in the milks of all species were glutamate, proline and leucine. essential amin ... | 1995 | 7584837 |
| tuberculosis in wild seals and characterisation of the seal bacillus. | tuberculosis was diagnosed in 3 otariid seals found dead on beaches at 3 locations on the south coast of western australian between may 1990 and march 1991. this confirms that tuberculosis is present in the 2 native seals (neophoca cinerea and arctocephalus forsteri) in western australian waters. mycobacterium sp isolated from the lungs of 2 of the seals were studied to determine the similarity of the strains to each other, to the strains isolated during 1986 from australian sea lions and new ze ... | 1993 | 8097394 |
| amino acid sequences of hemoglobin beta chains of five species of pinnipeds: neophoca cinerea, otaria byronia, eumetopias jubatus, pusa hispida, and pagophilus groenlandica. | pinnipeds (otariidae, odobenidae, and phocidae) in the order carnivora have one or two types (hb i and hb ii) of hemoglobin components. these hemoglobins consist of identical beta chains and different alpha chains. we determined the complete amino acid sequences of the hemoglobin beta chain of three species of otariidae (australian sea lion, south american sea lion, and northern sea lion) and two species of phocidae (ringed seal and harp seal) from intact beta chain and chemical cleavage fragmen ... | 1996 | 8968957 |
| evidence for a prolonged postimplantation period in the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). | concentrations of circulating progesterone and oestradiol were measured in 96 free-ranging, female australian sea lions neophoca cinerea from kangaroo island, south australia. there was a marked increase in the concentrations of both hormones (progesterone from approximately 12 ng ml-1 to approximately 24 ng ml-1; oestradiol from approximately 1.5 pg ml-1 to approximately 14 pg ml-1) about 3.5 months after the probable date of mating, reaching peak values in the 5 months after parturition. proge ... | 1997 | 9462281 |
| the composition of australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus) milk throughout lactation. | the proximate chemical composition of milk was determined throughout lactation in the australian fur seal (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus wood jones), a temperate species with an 11-mo lactation period typical of most temperate otariids. average lipid and protein contents were 42% and 10%, respectively, which is similar to that recorded for the polar otariid species but higher than reported in other temperate, long-lactation species. milk composition, however, varied substantially throughout l ... | 1999 | 10521328 |
| aerobic dive limit: how often does it occur in nature? | diving animals offer a unique opportunity to study the importance of physiological constraint in their everyday behaviors. an important component of the physiological capability of any diving animal is its aerobic dive limit (adl). the adl has only been measured in a few species. the goal of this study was to estimate the aerobic dive limit from measurements of body oxygen stores and at sea metabolism. this calculated adl (cadl) was then compared to measurements of diving behavior of individual ... | 2001 | 11440864 |
| perceptual grouping in two visually reliant species: humans (homo sapiens) and australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). | kurylo, van nest, and knepper (1997 journal of comparative psychology 111 126-134) have recently shown that hooded rats are able to judge the global orientation of an array of elements if orientation is signalled by the perceptual-grouping principle of proximity, but not if it is signalled by element alignment. using a procedure designed to overcome some potential problems with the experiment of kurylo et al, we found the same distinction in the perceptual processing of australian sea lions. the ... | 2001 | 11694085 |
| entanglement of australian sea lions and new zealand fur seals in lost fishing gear and other marine debris before and after government and industry attempts to reduce the problem. | in recent years, australian governments and fishing industry associations have developed guiding principles aimed at reducing the impact of fishing on non-target species and the benthos and increasing community awareness of their efforts. to determine whether they reduced seal entanglement in lost fishing gear and other marine debris, we analysed australian sea lion and new zealand fur seal entanglement data collected from kangaroo island, south australia. contrary to our expectations, we found ... | 2004 | 15234872 |
| fecal shedding of helicobacter spp. by co-housed australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) and australian fur seals (arctocephalus pusillus doriferus). | with the emergence of helicobacter species as agents of gastrointestinal disease within a broad range of animal hosts, there is growing awareness of the need to identify such species and the potential role(s) they play within the intestine. of interest in this study are captive seals and sea lions, where close proximity to one another may enhance the transmission of pathogens, in particular helicobacter. the feces of several captive australian sea lions and australian fur seals were assessed for ... | 2004 | 15261996 |
| species of the family helicobacteraceae detected in an australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) with chronic gastritis. | we describe the first case of gastritis in a male australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) in which members of the family helicobacteraceae, particularly the genus wolinella, were detected. the sea lion exhibited clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease, including abdominal pain, lack of appetite, and lethargy. examination of one ileal and five gastric biopsy specimens collected over a 10-year period revealed persistent fibrosis and/or superficial focal erosion and ulceration of the lamina propr ... | 2004 | 15297490 |
| comparison of helicobacter spp. genetic sequences in wild and captive seals, and gulls. | helicobacter species are widely distributed in the gastrointestinal system of humans and many animal taxa. investigations of natural infections are essential to elucidating their role within the host. the feces of fur seals arctocephalus pusillus doriferus and sea lions neophoca cinerea from 3 separate captive populations, as well as a wild colony from kangaroo island, australia, were examined for the occurrence of helicobacter spp. the feces from several wild silver gulls larus novahollandiae w ... | 2005 | 16060262 |
| ontogeny of diving behaviour in the australian sea lion: trials of adolescence in a late bloomer. | 1. foraging behaviours of the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) reflect an animal working hard to exploit benthic habitats. lactating females demonstrate almost continuous diving, maximize bottom time, exhibit elevated field metabolism and frequently exceed their calculated aerobic dive limit. given that larger animals have disproportionately greater diving capabilities, we wanted to examine how pups and juveniles forage successfully. 2. time/depth recorders were deployed on pups, juveniles ... | 2006 | 16637989 |
| islands in the sea: extreme female natal site fidelity in the australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea. | pinnipeds (seals, fur seals, sea lions and walrus) form large breeding aggregations with females often remaining faithful to a natal site or area. in these cases, females are philopatric to regional areas on broad geographical scales of hundreds to thousands of kilometers. an investigation of variation in a control region sequence of mtdna in the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) has shown a case of extreme female natal site fidelity that has resulted in almost fixed population differentiat ... | 2008 | 18042512 |
| vocal identity and species recognition in male australian sea lions, neophoca cinerea. | the acoustic channel is important for communication in otariids (fur seals and sea lions). discrimination between species, sex or individuals is essential in communication; therefore insight into the role of vocalisations in recognition is vital to understanding otariid social interactions. we measured vocalisations and their use in discriminating sex and species in male australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). barking calls of mature males were recorded and analysed based on five acoustic param ... | 2008 | 18587123 |
| delayed onset of vocal recognition in australian sea lion pups (neophoca cinerea). | in pinnipeds, maternal care strategies and colony density may influence a species' individual recognition system. we examined the onset of vocal recognition of mothers by australian sea lion pups (neophoca cinerea). at 2 months of age, pups responded significantly more to the calls of their own mothers than alien female calls demonstrating a finely tuned recognition system. however, newborn pups did not respond differentially to the calls of their mother from alien female calls suggesting that v ... | 2009 | 19418037 |
| an empirical case study examining effectiveness of environmental enrichment in two captive australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). | this case study examined the effect of environmental enrichment on the activity budgets of a male and female australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) housed together at adelaide zoo. using non-food-related (intrinsic) and food-related (extrinsic) enrichment objects, the study conducted an ababa (withdrawal) experimental design over a 30-day period (180 hr). the study expected extrinsically reinforcing objects to be more effective than intrinsically reinforcing objects in reducing pattern swimming. ... | 2010 | 20349377 |
| social olfaction in marine mammals: wild female australian sea lions can identify their pup's scent. | historically, anatomical evidence has suggested that marine mammals are anosmic or at best microsmatic, i.e. absent or reduced olfactory capabilities. however, these neuroanatomical considerations may not be appropriate predictors for the use of olfaction in social interactions. observations suggest that pinnipeds may use olfaction in mother-pup interactions, accepting or rejecting pups after naso-nasal contact. such maternal-offspring recognition is a favourable area for investigating the invol ... | 2011 | 20685695 |
| rapid onset of maternal vocal recognition in a colonially breeding mammal, the australian sea lion. | in many gregarious mammals, mothers and offspring have developed the abilities to recognise each other using acoustic signals. such capacity may develop at different rates after birth/parturition, varying between species and between the participants, i.e., mothers and young. differences in selective pressures between species, and between mothers and offspring, are likely to drive the timing of the onset of mother-young recognition. we tested the ability of australian sea lion mothers to identify ... | 2010 | 20730045 |
| what makes an australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) male's bark threatening? | in mammals, vocal signals are produced in many social contexts and convey diverse information about the emitter (social rank, individual identity, body size-condition). to understand their biological function, the authors find it is not only important to estimate the information about the signaler encoded in the signal but also to determine if and how this information is perceived by the receiver. in male pinnipeds (phocids, otariids, and odobenids) vocal signaling plays an important role in the ... | 2011 | 21767004 |
| molecular detection of antibiotic-resistance determinants in escherichia coli isolated from the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). | greater interaction between humans and wildlife populations poses significant risks of anthropogenic impact to natural ecosystems, especially in the marine environment. understanding the spread of microorganisms at the marine interface is therefore important if we are to mitigate adverse effects on marine wildlife. we investigated the establishment of escherichia coli in the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) by comparing fecal isolation from wild and captive sea lion populations. ... | 2015 | 25919463 |
| giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium occurrence in australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) exposed to varied levels of human interaction. | giardia and cryptosporidium are amongst the most common protozoan parasites identified as causing enteric disease in pinnipeds. a number of giardia assemblages and cryptosporidium species and genotypes are common in humans and terrestrial mammals and have also been identified in marine mammals. to investigate the occurrence of these parasites in an endangered marine mammal, the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea), genomic dna was extracted from faecal samples collected from wild populations ( ... | 2014 | 25426423 |
| uncinaria sanguinis sp. n. (nematoda: ancylostomatidae) from the endangered australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea (carnivora: otariidae). | this study investigates the identity of hookworms parasitising the australian sea lion, neophoca cinerea (péron), from three colonies in south australia, australia. the australian sea lion is at risk of extinction because its population is small and genetically fragmented. using morphological and molecular techniques, we describe a single novel species, uncinaria sanguinis sp. n. (nematoda: ancylostomatidae). the new species is most similar to hookworms also parasitic in otariid hosts, uncinaria ... | 2014 | 25065131 |
| morphometric and molecular characterization of the species of uncinaria frölich, 1789 (nematoda) parasitic in the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber), with notes on hookworms in three other pinniped hosts. | this study presents morphological and molecular data on hookworms from the australian fur seal arctocephalus pusillus doriferus (schreber) currently identified in australian waters as uncinaria hamiltoni baylis, 1933. additional specimens from the australian sea lion neophoca cinerea (péron) and the new zealand fur seal arctocephalus forsteri (lesson) from australia, and the southern elephant seal mirounga leonina (linnaeus) from antarctica, were included. using the internal transcribed spacer ( ... | 2013 | 23595493 |
| deer mothers are sensitive to infant distress vocalizations of diverse mammalian species. | acoustic structure, behavioral context, and caregiver responses to infant distress vocalizations (cries) are similar across mammals, including humans. are these similarities enough for animals to respond to distress vocalizations of taxonomically and ecologically distant species? we show that mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) mothers approach a speaker playing distress vocalizations of infant marmots (marmota flaviventris), seals (neophoca cinerea and ... | 2014 | 25226186 |
| intrinsic and extrinsic influences on standard metabolic rates of three species of australian otariid. | the study of marine mammal energetics can shed light on how these animals might adapt to changing environments. their physiological potential to adapt will be influenced by extrinsic factors, such as temperature, and by intrinsic factors, such as sex and reproduction. we measured the standard metabolic rate (smr) of males and females of three australian otariid species (two australian fur seals, three new zealand fur seals and seven australian sea lions). mean smr ranged from 0.47 to 1.05 l o2 m ... | 2017 | 28852504 |
| swimming metabolic rates vary by sex and development stage, but not by species, in three species of australian otariid seals. | physiology may limit the ability for marine mammals to adapt to changing environments. depth and duration of foraging dives are a function of total available oxygen stores, which theoretically increase as animals grow, and metabolic costs. to evaluate how physiology may influence the travelling costs for seals to foraging patches in the wild, we measured metabolic rates of a cross-section of new zealand fur seals, australian fur seals and australian sea lions representing different foraging stra ... | 2017 | 27803974 |
| dna metabarcoding for diet analysis and biodiversity: a case study using the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). | the analysis of apex predator diet has the ability to deliver valuable insights into ecosystem health, and the potential impacts a predator might have on commercially relevant species. the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) is an endemic apex predator and one of the world's most endangered pinnipeds. given that prey availability is vital to the survival of top predators, this study set out to understand what dietary information dna metabarcoding could yield from 36 sea lion scats collected a ... | 2017 | 28770080 |
| colony location and captivity influence the gut microbial community composition of the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). | gut microbiota play an important role in maintenance of mammalian metabolism and immune system regulation, and disturbances to this community can have adverse impacts on animal health. to better understand the composition of gut microbiota in marine mammals, fecal bacterial communities of the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea), an endangered pinniped with localized distribution, were examined. a comparison of samples from individuals across 11 wild colonies in south and western australia and ... | 2016 | 27037116 |
| whisker spot patterns: a noninvasive method of individual identification of australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea). | reliable methods for identification of individual animals are advantageous for ecological studies of population demographics and movement patterns. photographic identification, based on distinguishable patterns, unique shapes, or scars, is an effective technique already used for many species. we tested whether photographs of whisker spot patterns could be used to discriminate among individual australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). based on images of 53 sea lions, we simulated 5,000 patterns bef ... | 2015 | 26937048 |
| ivermectin treatment of free-ranging endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups: effect on hookworm and lice infection status, haematological parameters, growth, and survival. | a placebo-controlled study was used to investigate the effectiveness of ivermectin to treat hookworm (uncinaria sanguinis) and lice (antarctophthirus microchir) infections in free-ranging australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups and to test the hypotheses that these parasitic infections cause anaemia, systemic inflammatory responses, and reduced growth, and contribute towards decreased pup survival. ivermectin was identified as an effective and safe anthelmintic in this species. pups administ ... | 2015 | 25911163 |
| diversity of mhc dqb and drb genes in the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea). | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules have an important role in vertebrate adaptive immunity, being responsible for recognizing, binding, and presenting specific antigenic peptides to t lymphocytes. here, we study the mhc class ii dqb and drb exon 2 genes of the australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea), an endangered pinniped species that experiences high pup mortality. following characterization of n. cinerea dqb and drb by molecular cloning, and evaluation of diversity in pup ... | 2015 | 25908666 |
| health assessment of free-ranging endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups: effect of haematophagous parasites on haematological parameters. | evaluation of the health status of free-ranging populations is important for understanding the impact of disease on individuals and on population demography and viability. in this study, haematological reference intervals were developed for free-ranging endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups within the context of endemic hookworm (uncinaria sanguinis) infection and the effects of pathogen, host, and environment factors on the variability of haematological parameters were investig ... | 2015 | 25724096 |
| unexpected absence of genetic separation of a highly diverse population of hookworms from geographically isolated hosts. | the high natal site fidelity of endangered australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) along the southern australian coast suggests that their maternally transmitted parasitic species, such as hookworms, will have restricted potential for dispersal. if this is the case, we would expect to find a hookworm haplotype structure corresponding to that of the host mtdna haplotype structure; that is, restricted among geographically separated colonies. in this study, we used a fragment of the cytochrome c ox ... | 2014 | 25262830 |
| tooth resorption in an australian sea lion. | | 2014 | 25185335 |
| epidemiology of hookworm (uncinaria sanguinis) infection in free-ranging australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups. | understanding the fundamental factors influencing the epidemiology of wildlife disease is essential to determining the impact of disease on individual health and population dynamics. the host-pathogen-environment relationship of the endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) and the parasitic hookworm, uncinaria sanguinis, was investigated in neonatal pups during summer and winter breeding seasons at two biogeographically disparate colonies in south australia. the endemic occurrence of ho ... | 2014 | 25056940 |
| steady as he goes: at-sea movement of adult male australian sea lions in a dynamic marine environment. | the southern coastline of australia forms part of the worlds' only northern boundary current system. the bonney upwelling occurs every austral summer along the south-eastern south australian coastline, a region that hosts over 80% of the worlds population of an endangered endemic otariid, the australian sea lion. we present the first data on the movement characteristics and foraging behaviour of adult male australian sea lions across their south australian range. synthesizing telemetric, oceanog ... | 2013 | 24086338 |
| high nutrient transport and cycling potential revealed in the microbial metagenome of australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) faeces. | metagenomic analysis was used to examine the taxonomic diversity and metabolic potential of an australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) gut microbiome. bacteria comprised 98% of classifiable sequences and of these matches to firmicutes (80%) were dominant, with proteobacteria and actinobacteria representing 8% and 2% of matches respectively. the relative proportion of firmicutes (80%) to bacteriodetes (2%) is similar to that in previous studies of obese humans and obese mice, suggesting the gut mi ... | 2012 | 22606263 |
| the memory remains: long-term vocal recognition in australian sea lions. | the ability to recognize other individuals plays an important role in mediating social interactions. as longitudinal studies are challenging, there is only limited evidence of long-term memory of individuals and concepts in mammals. we examined the ability of six wild australian sea lions to discriminate between the voice of their mother and another adult female, both while they were dependent on their mother and when they were independent, 2 years after weaning. here, we show that even after a ... | 2010 | 20446102 |
| chemical profiles of integumentary and glandular substrates in australian sea lion pups (neophoca cinerea). | recognition of individuals or classes of individuals plays an important role in the communication systems of many mammals. the ability of otariid (i.e., fur seal and sea lion) females to locate and identify their offspring in colonies after returning from regular foraging trips is essential to successful pup rearing. it has been shown that olfaction is used to confirm the identity of the pup by the mother when they reunite, yet the processes by which this chemical recognition occurs remain uncle ... | 2019 | 30799500 |
| characteristic "neck collar" injuries in australian sea lions (neophoca cinerea) caused by marine debris. | an adult male australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) presented with a deep, almost circumferential, incised wound around the neck caused by a noose formed by a single strand of green nylon rope. the wound extended 4-5 cm deeply through the skin and blubber into skeletal muscle, predominantly on the dorsal surface and left side, but had not involved the airway or major vessels. the edges of the wound were sharply incised and oozing blood with a granulating infected base. the rope was removed and ... | 2019 | 30519985 |
| visual cues do not enhance sea lion pups' response to multimodal maternal cues. | mammals use multiple sensory cues for mother-offspring recognition. while the role of single sensory cues has been well studied, we lack information about how multiple cues produced by mothers are integrated by their offspring. knowing that australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups recognise their mother's calls, we first tested whether visual cues are used by pups to discriminate between conspecifics of different age classes (adult female vs pup). we then examined if adding a visual stimulus ... | 2018 | 29959365 |
| comparative ecology of escherichia coli in endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups. | the dissemination of human-associated bacteria into the marine environment has the potential to expose wildlife populations to atypical microbes that can alter the composition of the gut microbiome or act as pathogens. the objective of the study was to determine whether endangered australian sea lion (neophoca cinerea) pups from two south australian colonies, seal bay, kangaroo island and dangerous reef, spencer gulf, have been colonised by human-associated escherichia coli. faecal samples (n = ... | 2018 | 29730275 |
| geographic vocal variation and perceptual discrimination abilities in male australian sea lions. | vocal characteristics can vary among and within populations. in species with geographic variation in the structure of vocalizations, individuals may have the ability to discriminate between calls from local and non-local individuals. the ability to distinguish differences in acoustic signals is likely to have a significant influence on the outcome of social interactions between individuals, including potentially mate selection and breeding success. pinnipeds (seals, fur seals, sea lions and walr ... | 2018 | 29352457 |
| the role of visual cues in mother-pup reunions in a colonially breeding mammal. | parental care is an important factor influencing offspring survival and adult reproductive success in many vertebrates. parent-offspring recognition ensures care is only directed to filial young, avoiding the costs of misallocated resource transfer. it is essential in colonial mammal species, such as otariids (fur seals and sea lions), in which repeated mother-offspring separations increase the risk of misdirecting maternal effort. identification of otariid pups by mothers is known to be multi-m ... | 2017 | 29093175 |
| morphometrical and molecular evidence suggests cryptic diversity among hookworms (nematoda: uncinaria) that parasitize pinnipeds from the south-eastern pacific coasts. | hookworms of the genus uncinaria parasitize pinniped pups in various locations worldwide. four species have been described, two of which parasitize pinniped pups in the southern hemisphere: uncinaria hamiltoni parasitizes otaria flavescens and arctocephalus australis from the south american coast, and uncinaria sanguinis parasitizes neophoca cinerea from the australian coast. however, their geographical ranges and host specificity are unknown. uncinaria spp. are morphologically similar, but mole ... | 2018 | 30428941 |