| experimental models for the study of chronoimmunomodulation (rhythms of the springtail folsomia candida, collembola: isotomidae). | a third-generation cephalosporine, cefodizime, was tested in two experiments on the springtail, folsomia candida, used as a model of infradian rhythmicity. any effect on ecdysis (molt), oviposition and oviproduction was sought for 6, 20 or 60 ng of cefodizime administered with brewer's yeast every other day, as compared to controls given only the yeast. results indicate that a 20-ng dose of cefodizime on alternate days may shorten an infradian period (of molt) in the springtail. | 1988 | 3416674 |
| does a heterogeneous distribution of food or pesticide affect the outcome of toxicity tests with collembola? | the reproduction of two closely related soil microarthropods, folsomia candida willem and folsomia fimetaria l. (insecta: collembola), was tested under the influence of the insecticide dimethoate. dimethoate had an adverse effect on the survival of adults and their reproduction in concentrations of about the recommended field dose, with f. fimetaria being more sensitive than f. candida. the experimental conditions were altered to evaluate the realism in the basic single species/single chemical r ... | 1995 | 7539370 |
| effect of two commercial formulations of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (dipel 8l and dipel 8af) on the collembolan species folsomia candida in a soil microcosm study. | | 1995 | 8563213 |
| intergeneric transfer of conjugative and mobilizable plasmids harbored by escherichia coli in the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola). | the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida provides a habitat for a high density of bacterial cells (t. thimm, a. hoffmann, h. borkott, j. c. munch, and c. c. tebbe, appl. environ. microbiol. 64:2660-2669, 1998). we investigated whether these gut bacteria act as recipients for plasmids from escherichia coli. filter mating with e. coli donor cells and collected feces of f. candida revealed that the broad-host-range conjugative plasmid prp4-luc (prp4 with a luciferase marker gene) transfe ... | 1998 | 9647844 |
| the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola) is a frequently changeable but selective habitat and a vector for microorganisms. | interaction potentials between soil microarthropods and microorganisms were investigated with folsomia candida (insecta, collembola) in microcosm laboratory experiments. microscopic analysis revealed that the volumes of the simple, rod-shaped guts of adult specimens varied with their feeding activity, from 0.7 to 11.2 nl. a dense layer of bacterial cells, associated with the peritrophic membrane, was detected in the midgut by scanning electron microscopy. depending on the molting stage, which oc ... | 1998 | 9647845 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rdna of the cytoplasmic bacterium wolbachia from the novel host folsomia candida (hexapoda, collembola) and its implications for wolbachial taxonomy. | wolbachia pipientis are intracellular, transovarially inherited alpha-proteobacteria in invertebrates. four major wolbachia groups exist: a, b (contained in divergent arthropods), c and d (harbored by nematoda). by means of transmission electron microscopy, we observed wolbachia-like bacteria in a primitive insect, folsomia candida (hexapoda, collembola, isotomidae). 16s rdna analysis proved them to constitute a novel lineage, henceforth named group e, in the wolbachial phylogenetic tree. it sha ... | 1999 | 10556723 |
| environmental risk assessment for the polycyclic musks, ahtn and hhcb. ii. effect assessment and risk characterisation. | reports of the polycyclic musks ahtn and hhcb in surface water and fish, primarily in europe, have prompted studies of their environmental effects. these effects then are used, along with the predicted environmental concentrations in a risk assessment according to the approach developed under european union regulation 793/93, in line with the technical guidance document for risk assessment of new and existing chemicals. in 72-h studies with algae (pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), noecs were 0.3 ... | 1999 | 10630704 |
| a battery of toxicity tests as indicators of decontamination in composting oily waste. | heterogeneous oily waste from an old dumping site was composted in three windrows constructed from different proportions of waste, sewage sludge, and bark. the objectives of this pilot study were to examine the usefulness of composting as a treatment method for this particular waste and to study decontamination in the composting process by using a battery of toxicity tests. five samples from the windrow having intermediate oil concentrations were tested with toxicity tests based on microbes (pse ... | 2000 | 11023694 |
| continuous monitoring of folsomia candida (insecta: collembola) in a metal exposure test. | current recommended ecotoxicological tests with the parthenogenetic springtail folsomia candida using standard oecd soil do not allow for continuous monitoring during the exposure period. effects of chemicals cannot be determined until the end of the experiment (typically after 4 weeks), since the animals stay below the soil surface. in this study, f. candida were maintained on a plaster of paris/graphite substrate for 7 weeks and were supplied with an aqueous suspension of yeast contaminated wi ... | 2001 | 11222037 |
| the use of acute and chronic bioassays to determine the ecological risk and bioremediation efficiency of oil-polluted soils. | to compare the effectiveness of acute and chronic bioassays for the ecological risk assessment of polluted soils, soil samples from a site with an historical mineral oil contamination (< 50-3,300 mg oil/kg dry soil) at the petroleum harbour in amsterdam, the netherlands, were screened for ecological effects using acute and chronic bioassays. a two-step 0.001 m ca(no3)2 extraction at a final solution-to-soil ratio of 1:1 was used to prepare extracts for the acute bioassays. acute bioassays (< or ... | 2001 | 11434283 |
| evaluation of the application of pig slurry to an experimental crop using agronomic and ecotoxicological approaches. | the agronomic and ecotoxicological effects of the application of pig (sus scrofa) slurry during a maize (zea mays l.) crop cycle under conditions of forced irrigation were evaluated. the 0.2-ha experimental area, of typical xerofluvent soil and of known vulnerability to nitrate (no3-) contamination, was divided into 12 plots and provided with water measurement instruments (tdr-probes, vertical tensiometers, and ceramic candles). samples of soil, water, soil organisms, and the crop were subjected ... | 2001 | 11790028 |
| application of broad-range 16s rrna pcr amplification and dgge fingerprinting for detection of tick-infecting bacteria. | ticks play an important role in the transmission of arthropod-borne diseases of viral, protozoal and bacterial origin. the present article describes a molecular-biological based method, which facilitated the broad-range analyses of bacterial communities in ixodid ticks (ixodes ricinus). dna was extracted both from single ticks and pooled adult ticks. eubacterial 16s rrna gene fragments (16s rdna) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with broad-range ribosomal primers. sequences span ... | 2003 | 12459246 |
| cyst-based toxicity tests xv--application of ostracod solid-phase microbiotest for toxicity monitoring of contaminated soils. | a new "culture/maintenance-free" microbiotest has recently been developed for "direct-contact" toxicity determination of contaminated sediments. the 6-day ostracodtoxkit f makes use of the neonates of the ostracod crustacean heterocypris incongruens hatched from dormant eggs (cysts). the new low-cost assay has already been applied in three studies on river sediment from flanders (belgium) and from canada and was found to perform comparably to the 10-day hyalella azteca and chironomus riparius te ... | 2003 | 14502588 |
| compound-specific stable isotope analysis of soil mesofauna using thermally assisted hydrolysis and methylation for ecological investigations. | stable isotope mass spectrometric approaches are proving to be valuable tools in unravelling biotic interactions in complex ecosystems, yielding information on trophic preferences and functional roles of individual species. gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (gc/c/irms) provides considerable opportunities to assist in studies concerned with ecosystem processes mediated by soil invertebrates and microorganisms by determination of delta(13)c values of individual compound ... | 2003 | 14615981 |
| detection and phylogenetic analysis of wolbachia in collembola. | wolbachia are obligatory, cytoplasmatically inherited alpha-proteobacteria which are known for infecting the reproductive tissues of many arthropods. their prevalence in the large group of collembola, however, is not known, except for pcr detection in the parthenogenetically reproducing species folsomia candida (order: entomobryomorpha; family: isotomidae). in this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization on microscopic sections of f. candida specimens indicated that wolbachia-related bacteria ... | 2004 | 14686939 |
| lipid content and carbon assimilation in collembola: implications for the use of compound-specific carbon isotope analysis in animal dietary studies. | in an effort to understand the relationships between both the lipid content and delta13c values of collembola and their diet, isotopically labelled (c3 and c4) bakers' yeasts were cultured and fed to two collembolan species, folsomia candida and proisotoma minuta. the fatty acid composition of collembola generally reflected that of the diet with the addition of the polyunsaturated components 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6) and 20:5(n-3), which appeared to be biosynthesised by the collembola. whilst ergoste ... | 2004 | 14997374 |
| growth and reproduction of fungal feeding collembola as affected by fungal species, melanin and mixed diets. | fungal feeding soil invertebrates feed on a wide spectrum of fungal species suggesting that mixed diets increase fitness. we investigated relationships between food preferences for seven saprophytic fungal species/forms and fitness parameters (mortality, growth, time to reproduction, reproduction, egg size) in two collembola species, folsomia candida and protaphorura armata. the fungal species/forms studied included the wild type and a melanin-deficient form of aspergillus fumigatus to investiga ... | 2004 | 15021980 |
| competition effects for copper between soil, soil solution, and yeast in a bioassay for folsomia candida willem. | we investigated the accumulation of copper (cu) by the springtail folsomia candida willem, if exposed to cu-contaminated sandy soil with yeast as a food source. commonly, the dissolved and the easily desorbed cu fractions are assumed to be available for uptake, and as both fractions depend on ph, a ph dependency of copper uptake and accumulation is expected. in recent studies with springtails this dependency was not observed. to explain this, we show that both the adsorption of copper by yeast a ... | 2004 | 15230327 |
| folsomia candida (collembola): a "standard" soil arthropod. | folsomia candida willem 1902, a member of the order collembola (colloquially called springtails), is a common and widespread arthropod that occurs in soils throughout the world. the species is parthenogenetic and is easy to maintain in the laboratory on a diet of granulated dry yeast. f. candida has been used as a "standard" test organism for more than 40 years for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on nontarget soil arthropods. however, it has also been employed a ... | 2005 | 15355236 |
| evaluation of the toxicity of two soils from jales mine (portugal) using aquatic bioassays. | soil contamination can be one path for streams and groundwater contamination. as a complement of chemical analysis and total contaminants determination, bioassays can provide information on the bioavailable fraction of chemical compounds, focusing on the retention and habitat function of soils. in this study the evaluation of the toxicity of two soils from the abandoned jales mine (portugal) regarded both functions. the buffer capacity of soils was tested with bioassays carried out using the cla ... | 2005 | 16084560 |
| mycelial responses of hypholoma fasciculare to collembola grazing: effect of inoculum age, nutrient status and resource quality. | the effects of grazing by the collembolan folsomia candida on mycelial foraging patterns of hypholoma fasciculare growing from beech (fagus sylvatica) wood block inocula in trays of non-sterile soil was investigated. the wood inocula differed in size, state of decay (time for which wood has been colonized: 2 yr, 1 yr, 6 and 3 months) and nutrient status (inocula colonized on malt agar or nutrient agar). mycelia were most luxuriant, had greater hyphal coverage and extended more rapidly from 2 yr ... | 2005 | 16175795 |
| grazing by folsomia candida (collembola) differentially affects mycelial morphology of the cord-forming basidiomycetes hypholoma fasciculare, phanerochaete velutina and resinicium bicolor. | cord-forming basidiomycetes are important decomposers of dead wood in forest ecosystems but the impact of mycophagous soil invertebrates on their mycelia are little known. here we investigate the effects of different grazing intensities of collembola (folsomia candida) on mycelial foraging patterns of the saprotrophic cord-forming basidiomycetes hypholoma fasciculare, phanerochaete velutina and resinicium bicolor growing from beech (fagus sylvatica) wood block inocula in dishes of non-sterile so ... | 2006 | 16487694 |
| population growth rate and carrying capacity for springtails folsomia candida exposed to ivermectin. | forecasting the effects of stressors on the dynamics of natural populations requires assessment of the joint effects of a stressor and population density on the population response. the effects can be depicted as a contour map in which the population response, here assessed by population growth rate, varies with stress and density in the same way that the height of land above sea level varies with latitude and longitude. we present the first complete map of this type using as our model folsomia ... | 2006 | 16711052 |
| comparison of bioassays by testing whole soil and their water extract from contaminated sites. | the harmful effects of contaminants on the ecosystems and humans are characterised by their environmental toxicity. the aim of this study was to assess applicability and reliability of several environmental toxicity tests, comparing the result of the whole soils and their water extracts. in the study real contaminated soils were applied from three different inherited contaminated sites of organic and inorganic pollutants. the measured endpoints were the bioluminescence inhibition of vibrio fisch ... | 2007 | 16860849 |
| leaching and microbial treatment of a soil contaminated by sulphide ore ashes and aromatic hydrocarbons. | contaminated soil from a historical industrial site and containing sulfide ore ashes and aromatic hydrocarbons underwent sequential leaching by 0.5 m citrate and microbial treatments. heavy metals leaching was with the following efficiency scale: cu (58.7%) > pb (55.1%) > zn (44.5%) > cd (42.9%) > cr (26.4%) > ni (17.7%) > co (14.0%) > as (12.4%) > fe (5.3%) > hg (1.1%) and was accompanied by concomitant removal of organic contaminants (about 13%). leached metals were concentrated into an iron g ... | 2007 | 17136366 |
| ecotoxicity of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (pah)-contaminated soil. | soil samples from a former cokery site polluted with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were assessed for their toxicity to terrestrial and aquatic organisms and for their mutagenicity. the total concentration of the 16 pahs listed as priority pollutants by the us environmental protection agency (us-epa) was 2634+/-241 mg/kgdw in soil samples. the toxicity of water-extractable pollutants from the contaminated soil samples was evaluated using acute (vibrio fischeri; microtox test, daphnia ma ... | 2007 | 17382389 |
| toxicity of abamectin and doramectin to soil invertebrates. | this study aimed at determining the toxicity of avermectins to soil invertebrates in soil and in faeces from recently treated sheep. abamectin was more toxic than doramectin. in soil, earthworms (eisenia andrei) were most affected with lc50s of 18 and 228 mg/kg dry soil, respectively, while lc50s were 67-111 and >300 mg/kg for springtails (folsomia candida), isopods (porcellio scaber) and enchytraeids (enchytraeus crypticus). ec50s for the effect on reproduction of springtails and enchytraeids w ... | 2008 | 17434247 |
| feeding inhibition in the soil collembolan folsomia candida as an endpoint for the estimation of organic waste ecotoxicity. | despite the increasing quantities of organic wastes that are being reused in soils, there are few studies that focus on the selection of bioassays for the ecotoxicological risk assessment of organic wastes to soils. in the present study, differences in feeding inhibition in the soil collembolan folsomia candida were evaluated as an ecotoxicological endpoint for the assessment of risk to soils amended with polluted organic wastes. seven organic wastes (dewatered sewage sludges, thermally dried se ... | 2007 | 17665697 |
| secondary chemicals protect mould from fungivory. | the vast repertoire of toxic fungal secondary metabolites has long been assumed to have an evolved protective role against fungivory. it still remains elusive, however, whether fungi contain these compounds as an anti-predator adaptation. we demonstrate that loss of secondary metabolites in the soil mould aspergillus nidulans causes, under the attack of the fungivorous springtail folsomia candida, a disadvantage to the fungus. springtails exhibited a distinct preference for feeding on a mutant d ... | 2007 | 17686752 |
| identification of potentially toxic compounds in complex extracts of environmental samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis. | in this study, we examined 31 samples of varying chemical composition, including samples of soils from gasworks, coke production sites, and sites where wood preservatives were heavily used; ash and soot from municipal solid waste incinerators; antiskid sand; and dust from areas with heavy road traffic. the samples were comprehensively chemically characterized, especially their polycyclic aromatic compound contents, using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, whereas their biologic ... | 2007 | 17713206 |
| effects of tobacco genetically modified to express protease inhibitor bovine spleen trypsin inhibitor on non-target soil organisms. | effects of tobacco genetically modified to express the protease inhibitor bovine spleen trypsin inhibitor (bsti) were examined in laboratory assays against three earthworm and one collembolan species. bsti is a serine protease inhibitor that can bind to the digestive trypsins of insects feeding on modified plants, resulting in reduced growth and survival. protease inhibitors are active against a broad range of insects, so may have a large impact on non-target organisms. survival and fecundity of ... | 2007 | 18001685 |
| effects of acute gamma irradiation on folsomia candida (collembola) in a standard test. | an understanding of the effects of ionizing radiation on non-human biota is required by the international commission on radiological protection for the radiological protection of the environment. we examined dose-effect relationships for gamma radiation on survival, growth, and reproduction in the soil invertebrate folsomia candida (collembola) in a standard laboratory test. f. candida were acutely irradiated at increasing doses of gamma radiation, and subsequent survival, growth in body length, ... | 2008 | 18155145 |
| subacute effects of maize-expressed vaccine protein, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b (ltb), on the springtail, folsomia candida , and the earthworm, eisenia fetida. | the ecotoxicological effects of transgenic maize-expressed vaccine protein, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit b (ltb), on two soil invertebrates were studied under laboratory settings. after being reared for 28 days on ltb-maize-treated soils, no apparent mortality of the springtail, folsomia candida , or the earthworm, eisenia fetida , was observed at levels well above conservatively projected estimated environmental concentrations. therefore, it is concluded that there would be ... | 2008 | 19012409 |
| comparative chronic toxicity of homo- and heterocyclic aromatic compounds to benthic and terrestrial invertebrates: generalizations and exceptions. | the aim of the present study was to elucidate consistent patterns in chronic polycyclic aromatic compound (pac) toxicity to soil and sediment inhabiting invertebrates. therefore we examined our experimental dataset, consisting of twenty-one chronic effect concentrations for two soil invertebrates (folsomia candida and enchytraeus cripticus) and two sediment invertebrates (lumbriculus variegatus and chironomus riparius) exposed to six pacs (two homocyclic isomers, anthracene and phenanthrene; two ... | 2009 | 19447472 |
| antibiotic treatment leads to the elimination of wolbachia endosymbionts and sterility in the diplodiploid collembolan folsomia candida. | wolbachia is an extremely widespread bacterial endosymbiont of arthropods and nematodes that causes a variety of reproductive peculiarities. parthenogenesis is one such peculiarity but it has been hypothesised that this phenomenon may be functionally restricted to organisms that employ haplodiploid sex determination. using two antibiotics, tetracycline and rifampicin, we attempted to eliminate wolbachia from the diplodiploid host folsomia candida, a species of springtail which is a widely used s ... | 2009 | 19698188 |
| diversity of bacteria associated with collembola - a cultivation-independent survey based on pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes. | the bacterial communities found in eight different soil-inhabiting microarthropod species of the class collembola (springtails) were analyzed by analysis of pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes obtained without cultivation from total dna. to characterize the bacteria associated with the parthenogenetically-reproducing folsomia candida, the almost complete 16s rrna genes were amplified with three universal primers, i.e., the forward primer f27 and the reverse primer r1492 or r1525. with the reverse prime ... | 2004 | 19712416 |
| terrestrial short-term ecotoxicity of a green formicide. | when ants become annoying, large quantities of formicide are applied to terrestrial ecosystems in tropical regions, but awareness of the health and environmental impacts related to the use of synthetic pesticides has been increasing. the use of green pesticides to combat target organisms could reduce these impacts. in this regard, terrestrial ecotoxicity tests with higher plants (brassica olaracea, lactuca sativa and mucuna aterrima), annelids (eisenia foetida), collembola (folsomia candida) and ... | 2010 | 20117837 |
| environmental toxicity testing of contaminated soil based on microcalorimetry. | contaminated site assessment and monitoring requires efficient risk-management tools including innovative environmental toxicity tests. the first application of microcalorimetry for toxicity testing draw the attention to a possible new tool to increase sensitivity, to eliminate matrix effect and to study effect-mechanism. a thermal activity monitor (tam) microcalorimeter was used for measuring the heat production of various test organisms when getting in contact with sterile toxic soils. well kn ... | 2010 | 20549622 |
| shape change in viable eggs of the collembolan folsomia candida provides insight into the role of wolbachia endosymbionts. | the endosymbiotic bacteria of the genus wolbachia that infect the collembolan species folsomia candida are responsible for facilitating parthenogenetic reproduction in their hosts. this study made empirical observations of the development of eggs of f. candida which contained normal populations of wolbachia and of eggs which were cured of wolbachia by treatment with the antibiotic rifampicin. a marked increase in egg size accompanied by a significant change in shape from spherical to discoid occ ... | 2010 | 21174352 |
| can cyanobacterial biomass applied to soil affect survival and reproduction of springtail folsomia candida? | biomass of cyanobacterial water blooms including cyanobacterial toxins may enter soils, for example, when harvested water bloom is directly applied as an organic fertilizer or when water with massive cyanobacterial biomass is used for irrigation. in spite of this, no information is available about the potential effects on soil arthropods. the objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of water bloom biomass sampled in five different fresh water lakes on the soil dwelling arthropod ... | 2010 | 21176962 |
| invertebrate pathogenicity and toxin-producing potential of strains of bacillus thuringiensis endemic to antarctica. | several strains of bacillus thuringiensis were previously isolated from soil in antarctica and appeared to have physiological adaptations to this cold, nutrient-poor environment. in spite of this they could produce abnormally large, parasporal crystals under laboratory conditions. here, they have been further characterised for toxin genes and invertebrate pathogenicity. all of the strains were positive in pcr assays for the cry1aa and cry2 genes. this was confirmed by sequence analysis and the p ... | 2011 | 21457716 |
| decrease in catalase activity of folsomia candida fed a bt rice diet. | here we report the effects of three bt-rice varieties and their non-bt conventional isolines on biological traits including survival, reproduction, and the activities of three antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, in the collembolan, folsomia candida. the reproduction was significantly lower when fed kemingdao and huahui1 than those feeding on their non-gm near-isogenic varieties xiushui and minghui63 respectively, this can be explained by the differences of plant co ... | 2011 | 21835518 |
| effect of a high dose of three antibiotics on the reproduction of a parthenogenetic strain of folsomia candida (isotomidae: collembola). | folsomia candida willem (isotomidae: collembola) is an edaphic parthenogenetic species commonly used in ecotoxicity studies. we exposed f. candida to a high dose of three antibiotics, tylosin, ampicillin, and oxytetracycline, that target different bacterial groups. possible toxic effects were assessed through egg production, hatching, and body size. all three antibiotics caused toxic effects. treatment with oxytetracycline proved the most toxic. this group showed the smallest body size and lowe ... | 2010 | 22127168 |
| Identification of bacteria infecting Ixodes ricinus ticks by 16S rDNA amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. | Ticks harbor a complex microbial population, which they acquire while feeding on a variety of mammalians and birds. Zoonotic diseases transferred by ticks are an increasing problem and have become a burden to the community. 16S rDNA amplification and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) enables detection of the broad spectrum of bacteria that settles in the ticks. Profiling the complete microbial population in ticks may provide a better understanding of the ticks' potential to harbor a ... | 2011 | 21923264 |
| Boric acid as reference substance: pros, cons and standardization. | Boric acid (BA) has been successfully used as reference substance in some standard test guidelines. Due to the fact that previously selected reference substances present a significant risk to human health and/or are banned for environmental reasons, BA is being discussed for broader adoption in OECD or ISO guidelines. To provide input on BA data and contribute to the discussion on its suitability as a reference substance, in the present study BA was tested with two standard soil organisms, Enchy ... | 2011 | 22113457 |
| collembase: a repository for springtail genomics and soil quality assessment. | environmental quality assessment is traditionally based on responses of reproduction and survival of indicator organisms. for soil assessment the springtail folsomia candida (collembola) is an accepted standard test organism. we argue that environmental quality assessment using gene expression profiles of indicator organisms exposed to test substrates is more sensitive, more toxicant specific and significantly faster than current risk assessment methods. to apply this species as a genomic model ... | 2007 | 17900339 |
| revealing pancrustacean relationships: phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal protein genes places collembola (springtails) in a monophyletic hexapoda and reinforces the discrepancy between mitochondrial and nuclear dna markers. | in recent years, several new hypotheses on phylogenetic relations among arthropods have been proposed on the basis of dna sequences. one of the challenged hypotheses is the monophyly of hexapods. this discussion originated from analyses based on mitochondrial dna datasets that, due to an unusual positioning of collembola, suggested that the hexapod body plan evolved at least twice. here, we re-evaluate the position of collembola using ribosomal protein gene sequences. | 2008 | 18366624 |
| molecular evolution of the crustacean hyperglycemic hormone family in ecdysozoans. | crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (chh) family peptides are neurohormones known to regulate several important functions in decapod crustaceans such as ionic and energetic metabolism, molting and reproduction. the structural conservation of these peptides, together with the variety of functions they display, led us to investigate their evolutionary history. chh family peptides exist in insects (ion transport peptides) and may be present in all ecdysozoans as well. in order to extend the evolutiona ... | 2010 | 20184761 |
| collembolan transcriptomes highlight molecular evolution of hexapods and provide clues on the adaptation to terrestrial life. | collembola (springtails) represent a soil-living lineage of hexapods in between insects and crustaceans. consequently, their genomes may hold key information on the early processes leading to evolution of hexapoda from a crustacean ancestor. | 2015 | 26075903 |
| a clustered set of three sp-family genes is ancestral in the metazoa: evidence from sequence analysis, protein domain structure, developmental expression patterns and chromosomal location. | the sp-family of transcription factors are evolutionarily conserved zinc finger proteins present in many animal species. the orthology of the sp genes in different animals is unclear and their evolutionary history is therefore controversially discussed. this is especially the case for the sp gene buttonhead (btd) which plays a key role in head development in drosophila melanogaster, and has been proposed to have originated by a recent gene duplication. the purpose of the presented study was to t ... | 2010 | 20353601 |
| effects of essential oils from eucalyptus globulus leaves on soil organisms involved in leaf degradation. | the replacement of native portuguese forests by eucalyptus globulus is often associated with deleterious effects on terrestrial and aquatic communities. several studies have suggested that such a phenomenon is linked with the leaf essential oils released into the environment during the eucalyptus leaf degradation process. however, to date, the way these compounds affect leaf degradation in terrestrial systems i.e. by direct toxic effects to soil invertebrates or indirectly by affecting food of s ... | 2013 | 23577212 |
| fungal metabolic plasticity and sexual development mediate induced resistance to arthropod fungivory. | prey organisms do not tolerate predator attack passively but react with a multitude of inducible defensive strategies. although inducible defence strategies are well known in plants attacked by herbivorous insects, induced resistance of fungi against fungivorous animals is largely unknown. resistance to fungivory is thought to be mediated by chemical properties of fungal tissue, i.e. by production of toxic secondary metabolites. however, whether fungi change their secondary metabolite compositio ... | 2013 | 24068353 |
| an aspergillus nidulans bzip response pathway hardwired for defensive secondary metabolism operates through aflr. | the eukaryotic bzip transcription factors are critical players in organismal response to environmental challenges. in fungi, the production of secondary metabolites (sms) is hypothesized as one of the responses to environmental insults, e.g. attack by fungivorous insects, yet little data to support this hypothesis exists. here we establish a mechanism of bzip regulation of sms through rsma, a recently discovered yap-like bzip protein. rsma greatly increases sm production by binding to two sites ... | 2012 | 22283524 |
| a laboratory assessment of the potential effect of cry1ab/cry2aj-containing bt maize pollen on folsomia candida by toxicological and biochemical analyses. | the common soil arthropod folsomia candida can survive well when fed only maize pollen and thus may be exposed to insecticidal proteins by ingesting insect-resistant genetically engineered maize pollen containing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) proteins when being released into the soil. laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the potential effects of cry1ab/cry2aj-producing transgenic bt maize (shuangkang 12-5) pollen on f. candida fitness. survival, development, and the reproduction were n ... | 2017 | 28082132 |
| toxicological and biochemical analyses demonstrate no toxic effect of cry1c and cry2a to folsomia candida. | collembolans are common soil arthropods that may be exposed to insecticidal proteins produced in genetically engineered (ge) plants by ingestion of crop residues or root exudates. in the present study, a dietary exposure assay was validated and used to assess the lethal and sublethal effects of two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) insecticidal proteins, cry1c and cry2a, on folsomia candida. using the insecticidal compounds potassium arsenate (pa), protease inhibitor (e-64), and galanthus nivalis aggl ... | 2015 | 26494315 |
| laboratory assessment of the impacts of transgenic bt rice on the ecological fitness of the soil non-target arthropod, folsomia candida (collembola: isotomidae). | transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) endotoxins (bt rice) for pest control is considered an important solution to food security in china. however, tests for potential effects on non-target soil organisms are required for environmental risk assessment. the soil collembolan folsomia candida l. (collembola: isotomidae) is a potential non-target arthropod that is often used as a biological indicator in bio-safety assessments of transgenic crops. in the present study, the roots, ste ... | 2013 | 23322316 |
| effects of transgenic bt rice on growth, reproduction, and superoxide dismutase activity of folsomia candida (collembola: isotomidae) in laboratory studies. | transgenic rice expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crylab protein is expected to be commercialized in china in the near future. the use of bt rice for controlling insect pests sparks intensive debates regarding its biosafety. folsomia candida is an euedaphic species and is often used as a "standard" test organism in assessing effects of environmental pollutants on soil organisms. in this study, growth, development, reproduction, and superoxide dismutase activity (sod) of f. candida were inve ... | 2011 | 22299350 |
| evaluation of bacterial biosensors to determine chromate bioavailability and to assess ecotoxicity of soils. | chromate can be considered a potent environmental contaminant and consequently, an understanding of chromate availability and toxicity to soil biology is essential for effective ecological assessment of metal impact in soils. this study shows the response of two bacterial bioreporters, pchrgfp1 escherichiacoli and pchrgfp2 ochrobactrumtritici, to increasing concentrations of chromate in two different soils. the bioreporters, carrying the regulatory gene chrb transcriptionally fused to the gfp re ... | 2015 | 25655820 |
| effect of silver nanoparticles on the standard soil arthropod folsomia candida (collembola) and the eukaryote model organism saccharomyces cerevisiae. | because of their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (agnps) have been widely used and have come into contact with the environment. in the present work, an effect of agnps on a standard soil organism, folsomia candida, was studied (in comparison to silver nitrate) focusing on molecular and cellular alterations as ecotoxicological endpoints. | 2016 | 27882277 |
| in vivo visual evaluation of nanoparticle transfer in a three-species terrestrial food chain. | nanoparticles (nps) are increasingly being used, and they present the risk of being introduced into food webs. numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the toxicological effects of nps in the aquatic and freshwater environments and their transfer to upper-level trophic organisms. however, information on the transfer and consequent effects of nps on soil invertebrates is still limited. in this study, we assessed the transfer of quantum dots (qds) through a three-species terrestrial food c ... | 2016 | 26933900 |
| suitability of a saccharomyces cerevisiae-based assay to assess the toxicity of pyrimethanil sprayed soils via surface runoff: comparison with standard aquatic and soil toxicity assays. | the present study is aimed at evaluating whether a gene expression assay with the microbial eukaryotic model saccharomyces cerevisiae could be used as a suitable warning tool for the rapid preliminary screening of potential toxic effects on organisms due to scenarios of soil and water contamination with pyrimethanil. the assay consisted of measuring changes in the expression of the selected pyrimethanil-responsive genes arg3 and arg5,6 in a standardized yeast population. evaluation was held by a ... | 2015 | 25461018 |
| short-term effect of the soil amendments activated carbon, biochar, and ferric oxyhydroxide on bacteria and invertebrates. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the secondary ecotoxicological effects of soil amendment materials that can be added to contaminated soils in order to sequester harmful pollutants. to this end, a nonpolluted agricultural soil was amended with 0.5, 2, and 5% of the following four amendments: powder activated carbon (pac), granular activated carbon, corn stover biochar, and ferric oxyhydroxide powder, which have previously been proven to sequester pollutants in soil. the resulting imm ... | 2013 | 23802136 |
| biomarker responses reveal that food quality affects cadmium exposure in the soil collembolan folsomia candida. | food quality affects the food consumption rate, flux through the gut, and exposure to contaminants in animals. this study evaluated the effects of food quality on cadmium exposure in the soil collembolan folsomia candida. animals were exposed to constant concentrations of cadmium for 38 h via artificial food consisting of an agar medium with various concentrations of sugar (glucose), total nutrients (baker's yeast), or fungal odour (1-octen-3-ol). the expression of the gene encoding a deduced me ... | 2013 | 23421985 |
| arbuscular mycorrhiza and collembola interact in affecting community composition of saprotrophic microfungi. | the functioning of the plant-mycorrhiza system depends on interactions with other organisms, including saprotrophic (st) soil fungi. the interactions between mycorrhizal and st fungi are likely affected by fungivorous soil animals, such as collembola. in a two-factorial laboratory experiment lasting for 30 weeks we assessed the effects of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (glomus mosseae) and collembola (protaphorura fimata, heteromurus nitidus and folsomia candida) on the community composition o ... | 2005 | 15619097 |
| a review of metal (pb and zn) sensitive and ph tolerant bioassay organisms for risk screening of metal-contaminated acidic soils. | to improve risk estimates at the screening stage of ecological risk assessment (era), short duration bioassays tailored to undisturbed soil cores from the contaminated site could be useful. however, existing standardized bioassays use disturbed soil samples and often ph sensitive organisms. this is a problem as naturally acidic soils are widespread. changing soil properties to suit the test organism may change metal bioavailability, leading to erroneous risk estimates. for bioassays in undisturb ... | 2013 | 23688951 |
| extractability of metals and ecotoxicity of soils from two old wood impregnation sites in finland. | four metal-contaminated soil samples were classified using physical methods, extracted by selective extraction procedures and analyzed for chemical concentrations. de-ionized water, 0.01 mol/l barium chloride, 1 mol/l ammonium acetate and concentrated nitric acid were used as extraction solutions. ecotoxicity of water extracts and soil samples was analyzed in order to describe the bioavailability of the contaminants. samples from old wood impregnation plants contained high amounts of as, cu, cr ... | 2004 | 15142767 |
| degradation and ecotoxicity of the biomedical drug artemisinin in soil. | the plant artemisia annua l. is cropped in many countries for production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin. artemisinin is phytotoxic and has insecticidal activity. large-scale cultivation of a. annua may cause transfer of artemisinin to soil and, hence, may affect both soil organisms and the aquatic environment if the compound is leachable. in the present study, a new method for extraction of artemisinin from soil was developed, and field concentrations and degradation kinetics of artemisini ... | 2009 | 19391681 |
| impact of organic nano-vesicles in soil: the case of sodium dodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide. | aiming at contributing new insights into the effects of nanomaterials (nms) in the terrestrial ecosystem, this study evaluated the impacts of organic nano-vesicles of sodium dodecyl sulphate/didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (sds/ddab) on the emergence and growth of plant seeds, and on the avoidance and reproduction of soil invertebrates. for this purpose several ecotoxicological assays were performed with different test species (terrestrial plants: zea mays, avena sativa, brassica oleracea and ... | 2016 | 26795542 |
| ecological risk assessment of a metal-contaminated area in the tropics. tier ii: detailed assessment. | this study presents data on the detailed evaluation (tier 2) of a site-specific ecological risk assessment (ssera) in a former smelter area contaminated with metals (santo amaro, bahia, brazil). combining information from three lines of evidence (loe), chemical (chemloe), ecotoxicological (ecotoxloe) and ecological (ecoloe), in the triad approach, integrated risk values were calculated to rank sites and confirm the potential risk disclosed with tier 1. risk values were calculated for the habitat ... | 2015 | 26528915 |
| assessing the ecological long-term impact of wastewater irrigation on soil and water based on bioassays and chemical analyses. | the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation and groundwater recharge can counteract water scarcity and reduce pollution of surface waters, but assessing its environmental risk should likewise consider effects associated to the soil. the present study therefore aimed at determining the impact of wastewater irrigation on the habitat quality of water after soil passage and of soil after percolation by applying bioassays and chemical analysis. lab-scale columns of four different soils encompassin ... | 2015 | 26207878 |
| bioavailability of chemical pollutants in contaminated soils and pitfalls of chemical analyses in hazard assessment. | decision-making for remediation of industrial wastelands are still based on the concentrations of pollutants of concern measured in soils. in this work, two soils polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) and metals were investigated for their toxicity on earthworms (eisenia fetida), collembolae (folsomia candida), and higher plants (brassica chinensis, lactucca sativa and avena sativa) in order to study the relationships between chemical contamination and biological effects. although ... | 2008 | 18561306 |
| biological testing of a digested sewage sludge and derived composts. | aiming to evaluate a possible loss of soil habitat function after amendment with organic wastes, a digested sewage sludge and derived composts produced with green residues, where biologically tested in the laboratory using soil animals (eisenia andrei and folsomia candida) and plants (brassica rapa and avena sativa). each waste was tested mimicking a field application of 6ton/ha or 12ton/ha. avoidance tests did not reveal any impact of sludge and composts to soil biota. germination and growth te ... | 2008 | 18413285 |
| transformation of benzoxazinones and derivatives and microbial activity in the test environment of soil ecotoxicological tests on poecilus cupreus and folsomia candida. | benzoxazinones, such as 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa) and 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (diboa), and benzoxazolinones, such as 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (mboa) and 2-benzoxazolinone (boa), are biologically active secondary metabolites found in cereals. because these compounds could be exploited as part of a strategy for reducing the use of synthetic pesticides, ecotoxicological tests were performed recently. in this paper, the transformation of the compounds in the ... | 2006 | 16478220 |
| effects of the benzoxazolinone boa, selected degradation products and structure related pesticides on soil organisms. | the benzoxazolinone boa and the degradation products apo, aapo and hpaa, as well as four structure related compounds to boa, were tested for their lethal and sublethal effects on the collembola folsomia candida and on the carabid beetle poecilus cupreus applying validated standard laboratory methods. according to the results of the recommended risk assessment for plant protection products (eppo, 2003), boa and its structure related compounds carbendazim, benoxacor and benazolin (and additionally ... | 2006 | 16344919 |
| toxicity of four veterinary pharmaceuticals on the survival and reproduction of folsomia candida in tropical soils. | this study aimed to evaluate the effect of veterinary pharmaceuticals (vps) used to control endo- and ectoparasites in ruminants, on the survival and reproduction of the collembolan species folsomia candida. standard ecotoxicological tests were conducted in tropical artificial soil and the treatments consisted of increasing dosages of four commercial products with different active ingredients: ivermectin, fipronil, fluazuron and closantel. ecotoxicological effects were related to the class and m ... | 2017 | 28131090 |
| carbaryl toxicity prediction to soil organisms under high and low temperature regimes. | many studies on risk assessment of pesticides on non-target organisms have been performed based on standardized protocols that reflect conditions in temperate climates. however, the responses of organisms to chemical compounds may differ according to latitude and thus predicting the toxicity of chemicals at different temperatures is an important factor to consider in risk assessment. the toxic effects of the pesticide carbaryl were evaluated at different temperature regimes, which are indicative ... | 2015 | 24836932 |
| toxicity of tributyltin (tbt) to terrestrial organisms and its species sensitivity distribution. | the contamination of the terrestrial environment by disposal of tributyltin (tbt) by contaminated harbour sediments, sewage sludge and/or biocide products has been raising concerns and it may pose a risk to soil invertebrates and plants. this study aimed to improve the amount and quality of data for tbt toxicity in soils in order to assess the ecological risk of tbt to the terrestrial ecosystems. for this, bioassays were performed with the species porcellionides pruinosus, folsomia candida, bras ... | 2014 | 23994735 |
| predicted no effect concentration (pnec) for triclosan to terrestrial species (invertebrates and plants). | triclosan (tcs) is an antimicrobial agent which is used as a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic and found in personal care products, and due to this it is spread in the environment. aquatic toxicity studies have been reported, but little data is available for its toxicity to terrestrial organisms. the main purpose of this study was to assess the toxicity of tcs in the terrestrial environment, using a battery of soil species, belonging to different taxonomic levels. the species included the invertebra ... | 2010 | 20227762 |
| metal toxicity and biodiversity in serpentine soils: application of bioassay tests and microarthropod index. | eco-toxicological or bioassay tests have been intensively discussed as tools for the evaluation of soil quality. tests using soil organisms, including microarthropods and plants, allow direct estimates to be made of important soil characteristics and functions. in this study we compared the results obtained by two in vitro standard bioassays following iso or oecd guidelines: (i) the short term-chronic phytotoxicity germination and root elongation test using three different plant species cucumis ... | 2013 | 23107056 |
| geochemistry and environmental threats of soils surrounding an abandoned mercury mine. | the closure of mercury mining areas is generally associated with a release of hg and other metals into the environment due to the abandonment of mining wastes. because of their potential toxic properties, the mobilization of particulate and soluble metal species is of major concern. in the present study, the environmental risks posed by soils surrounding an abandoned mercury mining area in valle del azogue (almeria, spain) are assessed through the determination of physical-chemical parameters, t ... | 2016 | 26996905 |
| ecotoxicity of selected antibiotics for organisms of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. | the aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicity of selected antibiotics (i.e. penicillin g, vancomycin and tetracycline) using ecotoxicological tests. tests were conducted on organisms representing all trophic levels of the aquatic ecosystem, namely producers (green freshwater algae pseudokirchneriella subcapitata), consumers (water fleas daphnia magna) and decomposers (bacteria vibrio fischeri). the effect of antibiotics on the representative of edaphon was measured by testing the inhibitio ... | 2016 | 28263529 |
| bioassays with terrestrial and aquatic species as monitoring tools of hydrocarbon degradation. | in this study chemical analyses and ecotoxicity tests were applied for the assessment of a heavily hydrocarbon-contaminated soil prior and after the application of a remediation procedure that consisted in the stimulation of soil autochthonous populations of hydrocarbon degraders in static-ventilated biopiles. terrestrial bioassays were applied in mixtures of test soils and artificial control soil and studied the survival and reproduction of eisenia fetida and the avoidance response of e. fetida ... | 2016 | 27312898 |
| ecotoxicological risks of the abandoned f-ba-pb-zn mining area of osor (spain). | due to its potential toxic properties, metal mobilization is of major concern in areas surrounding pb-zn mines. in the present study, metal contents and toxicity of soils, aqueous extracts from soils and mine drainage waters from an abandoned f-ba-pb-zn mining area in osor (girona, ne spain) were evaluated through chemical extractions and ecotoxicity bioassays. toxicity assessment in the terrestrial compartment included lethal and sublethal endpoints on earthworms eisenia fetida, arthropods fols ... | 2016 | 27260479 |
| phosphogypsum as a soil fertilizer: ecotoxicity of amended soil and elutriates to bacteria, invertebrates, algae and plants. | phosphogypsum (pg) is a metal and radionuclide rich-waste produced by the phosphate ore industry, which has been used as soil fertilizer in many parts of the world for several decades. the positive effects of pg in ameliorating some soil properties and increasing crop yields are well documented. more recently concerns are emerging related with the increase of metal/radionuclide residues on soils and crops. however, few studies have focused on the impact of pg applications on soil biota, as well ... | 2015 | 25855616 |
| ethoprophos fate on soil-water interface and effects on non-target terrestrial and aquatic biota under mediterranean crop-based scenarios. | the present study aimed to assess the environmental fate of the insecticide and nematicide ethoprophos in the soil-water interface following the pesticide application in simulated maize and potato crops under mediterranean agricultural conditions, particularly of irrigation. focus was given to the soil-water transfer pathways (leaching and runoff), to the pesticide transport in soil between pesticide application (crop row) and non-application areas (between crop rows), as well as to toxic effect ... | 2014 | 24562181 |
| baseline toxic mixtures of non-toxic chemicals: "solubility addition" increases exposure for solid hydrophobic chemicals. | this study addresses the question whether hydrophobic organic chemicals exerting no toxicity at their solubility limit (saturation) can form a toxic mixture. spiking methods generally do not allow testing exactly at saturation without introducing microcrystals. passive dosing was thus applied to test the acute toxicity of several high melting point pahs and their mixtures at the respective saturation levels to aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates. with the aquatic daphnia magna, anthracene, chr ... | 2013 | 23331084 |
| ecotoxicological characterization of a tropical soil after diazinon spraying. | the impact of diazinon spraying in an agricultural tropical soil through the evaluation of both the habitat and retention functions of the soil system was never reported. to fill this gap, five times the recommended dose of a commercial diazinon formulation was sprayed in an agricultural area of costa rica, and dilution gradients of the sprayed soil were prepared in the laboratory. avoidance and reproduction tests with soil organisms (eisenia andrei, enchytraeus crypticus and folsomia candida) t ... | 2012 | 22760667 |
| safety testing of tebufenozide, a new molt-inducing insecticide, for effects on nontarget forest soil invertebrates. | tebufenozide, a new molt-inducing insecticide that mimics the action of ecdysone, is being considered for use to control defoliating lepidoptera in forests in canada. soil microcosms, employing substrates and species from the ecosystems in which spraying is likely to occur, were used to evaluate the effects of this compound on soil invertebrates. the forest earthworm (dendrobaena octaedra savigny) and four species of collembola (folsomia candida willem, f. nivalis (packard), onychiurus parvicorn ... | 1996 | 8744924 |
| growth, development, and survival of a generalist predator fed single- and mixed-species diets of different quality. | it is often assumed that prey species consumed by generalist predators are largely, though not entirely, equivalent in terms of their value to the predators. in contrast to this expectation, laboratory feeding experiments uncovered distinctly varied developmental responses of a generalist predator, the wolf spider schizocosa, to different experimental diets. naive schizocosa attacked and fed upon all the prey species offered; however, highly divergent patterns of survival, development, and growt ... | 1999 | 28307968 |
| organic wastes as soil amendments - effects assessment towards soil invertebrates. | using organic wastes, as soil amendments, is an important alternative to landfilling with benefits to soil structure, water retention, soil nutrient and organic matter concentrations. however, this practice should be monitored for its environmental risk due to the frequent presence, of noxious substances to soil organisms. to evaluate the potential of eight organic wastes with different origins, as soil amendments, reproduction tests with four soil invertebrate species (folsomia candida, enchytr ... | 2017 | 28279835 |
| soil contamination with olive mill wastes negatively affects microbial communities, invertebrates and plants. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the ecotoxicological effects of olive mill waste (omw) on soil habitat function. to this end, soil samples from omw evaporating ponds (s1-s5) located at agareb (sfax, tunisia) and a reference soil (r) were collected. the effects of omw on the springtails folsomia candida (f.c.), the earthworm species eisenia fetida (e.f.), enchytraeus crypticus (e.c.) reproduction and on the soil living microbial communities were investigated. e.f. reproduction and to ... | 2016 | 27491759 |
| is the risk for soil arthropods covered by new data requirements under the eu ppp regulation no. 1107/2009? | testing of effects on earthworms and non-target foliar arthropods is an integral part of the ecotoxicological risk assessment for the authorization of plant protection products. according to the new data requirements, which came into force in 2014 for active substances and in 2016 for plant protection products, the chronic earthworm toxicity test with eisenia fetida based on reproductive, growth, and behavioral effects instead of the acute earthworm toxicity test based on mortality, has to be co ... | 2016 | 27628914 |
| effects of the veterinary pharmaceutical ivermectin on soil invertebrates in laboratory tests. | as part of the risk assessment of veterinary pharmaceuticals, the potential impact of these chemicals on soil ecosystems has to be determined according to european law. however, almost no data from standardized laboratory tests are available. therefore, in the eu fp6 erapharm, the effects of the widely used veterinary pharmaceutical ivermectin, an anthelminthic, were studied in chronic laboratory tests performed according to oecd (organisation for economic co-operation and development) and iso ( ... | 2010 | 19882295 |
| toxicity of four nitrogen-heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (npahs) to soil organisms. | the aims of this study were: (i) to investigate the toxicity of n-heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbons (npahs) quinoline, acridine, phenazine, and 1,10-phenanthroline to the soil invertebrates eisenia fetida, enchytraeus crypticus, folsomia candida, and caenorhabditis elegans, (ii) to compare the toxicity of four npahs and the species sensitivity, and (iii) to discuss possible risks of these compounds in soils. different toxicities were found for the tested npahs which might be partially expla ... | 2008 | 18367247 |
| influence of soil properties on copper toxicity for two soil invertebrates. | although a large body of evidence indicates that metal toxicity to soil organisms is affected by physicochemical soil properties, use of this knowledge in ecological risk assessments is limited because of the lack of a model applicable to a wide range of soils. to study the effect of soil characteristics on the toxicity of copper to terrestrial invertebrates, chronic toxicity tests with eisenia fetida and folsomia candida were performed in 19 european field soils. these soils were carefully sele ... | 2008 | 18290689 |
| toxicity of the pesticide alpha-cypermethrin to four soil nontarget invertebrates and implications for risk assessment. | alpha-cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, is used as an insecticide in agricultural settings and is increasingly replacing organophosphates and carbamates because of lower application rates and lower toxicity to mammals. because very little is known about the acute and chronic toxicity of this compound for soil-living organisms, the present study investigated acute and sublethal toxicity of alpha-cypermethrin for four terrestrial invertebrate species in an agricultural soil from norway. bioass ... | 2008 | 18211124 |
| effects of toxaphene on soil organisms. | the polychlorinated insecticide toxaphene belonged to the most used pesticides in the 20th century. even recently, significant residues have been found in soils at various sites in the world. however, knowledge on toxicity to soil organisms is limited. in this study, the effects of toxaphene on soil invertebrates folsomia candida, eisenia fetida, enchytraeus albidus, enchytraeus crypticus, caenorhabditis elegans, and microorganisms were investigated. among the organisms tested, f. candida was th ... | 2007 | 17597206 |
| terrestrial ecotoxicity and effect factors of metals in life cycle assessment (lca). | life cycle impact assessment aims to translate the amounts of substance emitted during the life cycle of a product into a potential impact on the environment, which includes terrestrial ecosystems. this work suggests some possible improvements in assessing the toxicity of metals on soil ecosystems in life cycle assessment (lca). the current available data on soil ecotoxicity allow one to calculate the chronic terrestrial hc50(ec50) (hazardous concentration affecting 50% of the species at their e ... | 2007 | 17467037 |
| effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins on soil organisms. | despite the fact that chlorinated paraffins have been produced in relatively large amounts, and high concentrations have been found in sewage sludge applied to soils, there is little information on their concentrations in soils and the effect on soil organisms. the aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of chlorinated paraffins in soils. the effects of short-chain chlorinated paraffins (64% chlorine content) on invertebrates (eisenia fetida, folsomia candida, enchytraeus albidus, ench ... | 2007 | 17382391 |
| effects of pesticides on soil invertebrates in laboratory studies: a review and analysis using species sensitivity distributions. | species sensitivity distributions (ssd) and 5% hazardous concentrations (hc5) are distribution-based approaches for assessing environmental risks of pollutants. these methods have potential for application in pesticide risk assessments, but their applicability for assessing pesticide risks to soil invertebrate communities has not been evaluated. using data obtained in a systematic review, the present study investigates the relevance of ssd and hc5 for predicting pesticide risks to soil invertebr ... | 2006 | 16986804 |