| hematology, serum chemistry, and serology of galápagos penguins (spheniscus mendiculus) in the galápagos islands, ecuador. | the galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus) is an endangered species endemic to the galápagos islands, ecuador. in 2003 and 2004, 195 penguins from 13 colonies on the islands of isabela and fernandina in the galápagos archipelago were examined. genetic sexing of 157 penguins revealed 62 females and 95 males. hematology consisted of packed cell volume (n = 134), white blood cell differentials (n = 83), and hemoparasite blood smear evaluation (n = 114). microfilariae were detected in 22% (25/114 ... | 2006 | 17092893 |
| microfilariae in galápagos penguins (spheniscus mendiculus) and flightless cormorants (phalacrocorax harrisi): genetics, morphology, and prevalence. | galapagos penguins (spheniscus mendiculus) and flightless cormorants (phalacrocorax harrisi) live in small, isolated populations on the westernmost islands of isabela and fernandina in the galápagos islands, ecuador. between august 2003 and february 2005, 4 field trips, 2 in the cool, dry season (august 2003 and august 2004) and 2 in the hot, rainy season (march 2004 and february 2005), were undertaken; 298 galápagos penguins and 380 cormorants were sampled for prevalence and intensity of hemopa ... | 2007 | 17626340 |
| ecological correlates of microfilariae prevalence in endangered galápagos birds. | this study assesses the ecological factors associated with microfilariae prevalence in wild populations of endangered flightless cormorants (phalacrocorax harrisi) and galápagos penguins (spheniscus mendiculus). prevalence values were tested for correlation with a large number of environmental variables, as modeled from weather station data and measured by satellite-borne sensors. predictions were made based on the expected effects of climatic and landscape variables on sustained populations of ... | 2010 | 19954259 |
| exposure to toxoplasma gondii in galapagos penguins (spheniscus mendiculus) and flightless cormorants (phalacrocorax harrisi) in the galapagos islands, ecuador. | toxoplasma gondii is one of the most common protozoan parasites of humans and warm-blooded animals. members of the family felidae are the only definitive hosts of this parasite and, thus, important in the epidemiology of the disease. previous studies on pacific islands have found t. gondii infections in a number of avian species where domestic cats (felis catus) have been introduced. little is known about t. gondii in the galapagos islands, although introduced domestic cats in the archipelago ar ... | 2010 | 20688714 |
| the distribution of mosquitoes across an altitudinal gradient in the galapagos islands. | an avian malaria parasite (genus plasmodium) has been detected consistently in the galapagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus) and less frequently in some passerines. we sampled three resident mosquito species (aedes taeniorhynchus, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti) using cdc light and gravid traps on three islands in 2012, 2013, and 2014. we sampled along altitudinal gradients to ask whether there are mosquito-free refugia at higher elevations as there are in hawaii. we captured both ae. ... | 2017 | 29125252 |
| assessing the risks of introduced chickens and their pathogens to native birds in the galápagos archipelago. | poultry production is an important economic activity on inhabited islands of the galápagos archipelago. there has been a recent surge in both small-scale backyard chickens and larger scale broiler production associated with growth in the human population and the tourist industry. with increased poultry production, concerns have been expressed about the increasing risk of transfer of disease from chickens to native galápagos bird species that may have little resistance to introduced pathogens [wi ... | 2005 | 32226077 |
| [cardiac filaria in a penquin from the galapages, spheniscus mendiculus]. | | 1964 | 14263121 |
| applying science to pressing conservation needs for penguins. | more than half of the world's 18 penguin species are declining. we, the steering committee of the international union for conservation of nature species survival commission penguin specialist group, determined that the penguin species in most critical need of conservation action are african penguin (spheniscus demersus), galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus), and yellow-eyed penguin (megadyptes antipodes). due to small or rapidly declining populations, these species require immediate scienti ... | 2020 | 31257646 |
| the role of demographic history and selection in shaping genetic diversity of the galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus). | although many studies have documented the effects of demographic bottlenecks on the genetic diversity of natural populations, there is conflicting evidence of the roles that genetic drift and selection may play in driving changes in genetic variation at adaptive loci. we analyzed genetic variation at microsatellite and mitochondrial loci in conjunction with an adaptive mhc class ii locus in the galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus), a species that has undergone serial demographic bottlenecks ... | 2020 | 31910443 |
| seroprevalence of malarial antibodies in galapagos penguins (spheniscus mendiculus). | a parasite species of the genus plasmodium has recently been documented in the endangered galapagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus). avian malaria causes high mortality in several species after initial exposure and there is great concern for the conservation of the endemic galapagos penguin. using a plasmodium spp. circumsporozoite protein antigen, we standardized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test the level of exposure in this small population, as indicated by seroprevalence. sera fro ... | 2013 | 23594272 |
| multiple lineages of avian malaria parasites (plasmodium) in the galapagos islands and evidence for arrival via migratory birds. | haemosporidian parasites in the genus plasmodium were recently detected through molecular screening in the galapagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus). we summarized results of an archipelago-wide screen of 3726 endemic birds representing 22 species for plasmodium spp. through a combination of molecular and microscopy techniques. three additional plasmodium lineages were present in galapagos. lineage a-infected penguins, yellow warblers (setophaga petechia aureola), and one medium ground finch (ge ... | 2013 | 24033638 |
| low mhc variation in the endangered galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus). | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) is one of the most polymorphic regions of the genome, likely due to balancing selection acting to maintain alleles over time. lack of mhc variability has been attributed to factors such as genetic drift in small populations and relaxed selection pressure. the galápagos penguin (spheniscus mendiculus), endemic to the galápagos islands, is the only penguin that occurs on the equator. it relies upon cold, nutrient-rich upwellings and experiences severe pop ... | 2007 | 17457582 |
| a global overview of exposure levels and biological effects of trace elements in penguins. | trace elements are chemical contaminants that can be present almost anywhere on the planet. the study of trace elements in biotic matrices is a topic of great relevance for the implications that it can have on wildlife and human health. penguins are very useful, since they live exclusively in the southern hemisphere and represent about 90% of the biomass of birds of the southern ocean. the levels of trace elements (dry weight) in different biotic matrices of penguins were reviewed here. maps of ... | 2018 | 29079931 |