| a characterization of epitopes on potato leafroll virus coat protein. | a panel of ten stable hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for potato leafroll virus (plrv) antigen, was produced in two fusion experiments with murine splenic and myeloma cells. using different elisa procedures and western blotting it was shown that one mab detected a continuous epitope and nine mabs reacted with conformation-dependent ones. the conformation-dependent epitopes could be separated into two groups after alkaline treatment of the virions. the mabs we ... | 1990 | 1701986 |
| the detection of beet western yellows virus and beet mild yellowing virus in crop plants using the polymerase chain reaction. | oligonucleotide primers were synthesised corresponding to conserved sequences between three isolates of beet western yellows virus (bwyv), flanking a 913 base fragment of bwyv genomic rna. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), these primers successfully amplified the target fragment in total rna extracts from two oilseed rape plants infected with different isolates of bwyv. the pcr products were readily detected by staining with ethidium bromide following agarose gel electrophoresis, but th ... | 1991 | 1816257 |
| nucleotide sequence of beet mild yellowing virus rna. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of beet mild yellowing virus, isolate 2itb, is reported. the rna consists of 5722 nucleotides and contains six long open reading frames which conform to the arrangement characteristic of subgroup 2 luteoviruses. the three 3'-proximal open reading frames, which encode the viral coat protein, a putative movement protein and the readthrough domain, are highly homologous to the corresponding genes of beet western yellows luteovirus while the three ... | 1995 | 7611881 |
| sequence comparison and classification of beet luteovirus isolates. | three distinct sequence groups were found among partial nucleotide sequences of 38 isolates of beet western yellows virus (bwyv) and beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv) from europe, iran and the usa. the first group contains both sugar beet and oilseed rape specific isolates, and the differentiating characteristic linked to this host range specificity are 2 single base pair changes in a 1,200 nucleotide region of the genome. it is proposed that the european bwyv strains that can be transferred at l ... | 1995 | 8572940 |
| the genome-linked protein of potato leafroll virus is located downstream of the putative protease domain of the orf1 product. | the sequence of the 32 n-terminal amino acids of the protein (vpg) which is covalently linked to the rna of potato leafroll virus has been determined. the obtained vpg sequence mapped to position 400 to 431 of the plrv orf1 product, downstream of the putative protease domain and in front of the rna-dependent rna polymerase. comparison with other viral sequences revealed significant similarities with the orf1 products of beet western yellows virus, cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus, and beet mil ... | 1997 | 9268161 |
| improved detection and differentiation of poleroviruses infecting beet or rape by multiplex rt-pcr. | three distinct species of virus inducing yellowing of beet, beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv), brassica yellows virus (bryv, synonym bwyv) and beet chlorosis virus (bchv) have been characterised from the genus polerovirus. until recently, no available tools were available to allow accurate and reliable distinction of the three species. based on previous nucleotide sequence alignments and phylogenetic studies, we show that the use of molecular methods enabled the discrimination of these three beet ... | 2000 | 10996635 |
| mechanical transmission of potato leafroll virus. | like typical luteoviruses, potato leafroll virus (plrv) cannot be transmitted mechanically by rubbing plants with solutions containing virus particles. however, plrv was found to be mechanically transmissible from extracts of plants that had been inoculated by viruliferous aphids and then post-inoculated with pea enation mosaic virus-2 (pemv-2). unlike the asymptomatic infections induced by either virus alone, double infections in nicotiana benthamiana induced necrotic symptoms with some line pa ... | 2000 | 11038393 |
| biological properties and molecular characterization of beet chlorosis virus (bchv). | two distinct viruses belonging to the polerovirus genus, in the family luteoviridae, have been described as being able to induce mild yellowing on sugar beet: beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv) and more recently, beet chlorosis virus (bchv). we have analysed biological properties and molecular organisation of two strains of bchv, one collected in england and the second from california. the biological data suggested that bchv displayed a narrower host range compared to bmyv and beet western yellows ... | 2002 | 12038685 |
| decision making in controlling virus yellows of sugar beet in the uk. | virus yellows is an important disease affecting yield in sugar beet in the uk. myzus persicae (sulzer) is the most effective and efficient aphid vector of the three viruses causing the disease: beet yellows virus, beet mild yellowing virus and beet chlorosis virus. control of virus yellows disease is thus focused on the study and control of this aphid species. uk national surveys of virus yellows began in 1946 and these data helped to formulate disease forecasting schemes to optimise control. ov ... | 2004 | 15260306 |
| biological properties of beet mild yellowing virus derived from a full-length cdna clone. | a german isolate of beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv-ipp) was used for rt-pcr-based construction of the first infectious full-length cdna clone of the virus (bmyv(fl)). the complete genomic sequence was determined and displayed high similarity to the french isolate bmyv-2itb. the host range of bmyv(fl) was examined by agroinoculation and aphid transmission. both methods lead to systemic infections in beta vulgaris, nicotiana benthamiana, n. clevelandii, n. hesperis, capsella bursa-pastoris and la ... | 2006 | 16432033 |
| production of a full-length infectious gfp-tagged cdna clone of beet mild yellowing virus for the study of plant-polerovirus interactions. | the full-length cdna of beet mild yellowing virus (broom's barn isolate) was sequenced and cloned into the vector plitmus 29 (pbmyv-bbfl). the sequence of bmyv-bbfl (5721 bases) shared 96% and 98% nucleotide identity with the other complete sequences of bmyv (bmyv-2itb, france and bmyv-ipp, germany respectively). full-length capped rna transcripts of pbmyv-bbfl were synthesised and found to be biologically active in arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts following electroporation or peg inoculation wh ... | 2007 | 17143725 |
| development of a multiplex immunocapture-rt-pcr for simultaneous detection of bmyv and bchv in plants and single aphids. | a multiplex immunocapture-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction protocol (mic-rt-pcr) was successfully developed to improve the detection of beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv) and beet chlorosis virus (bchv) in plants and aphids in single and mixed infections. viral particles from plant and aphid extracts were enriched by antibody-capture and lysed by heating to release the viral rna. during the rt-pcr step, 5' end sequences specific to each virus were amplified and the products analysed ... | 2007 | 17686535 |
| biological, serological, and molecular variability suggest three distinct polerovirus species infecting beet or rape. | yellowing diseases of sugar beet can be caused by a range of strains classified as beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv) or beet western yellows virus (bwyv), both belonging to the genus polerovirus of the family luteoviridae. host range, genomic, and serological studies have shown that isolates of these viruses can be grouped into three distinct species. within these species, the coat protein amino acid sequences are highly conserved (more than 90% homology), whereas the p0 sequences (open reading f ... | 2000 | 18944550 |
| p0 proteins of european beet-infecting poleroviruses display variable rna silencing suppression activity. | post-transcriptional gene silencing (ptgs), or rna silencing, is one of the key mechanisms of antiviral defence used by plants. to counter this defence response, viruses produce suppressor proteins that are able to inhibit the ptgs pathway or to interfere with some of its function. the aim of this study was to evaluate the rna silencing suppressor (rss) activity of p0 proteins from selected european isolates of the beet-infecting poleroviruses beet chlorosis virus (bchv) and beet mild yellowing ... | 2010 | 19955562 |
| beet poleroviruses: close friends or distant relatives? | summary taxonomy: there are three members of the genus polerovirus (family luteoviridae) that induce yellowing of sugar beet: beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv), beet chlorosis virus (bchv) and beet western yellows virus-usa (bwyv-usa, fig. 1). non-beet-infecting isolates of bwyv found particularly within europe have now been re-named turnip yellows virus (tuyv). species-specific antibodies are unavailable, but the viruses can be distinguished by rt-pcr using primers specifically designed to the 5 ... | 2005 | 20565633 |
| detection and discrimination of members of the family luteoviridae by real-time pcr and sybr® greener™ melting curve analysis. | this study investigated the suitability of a two step real-time rt-pcr melting curve analysis as a tool for the detection and discrimination of nine species in the plant virus family luteoviridae, being soybean dwarf virus [sbdv], bean leafroll virus [blrv], beet chlorosis virus [bchv], beet mild yellowing virus [bmyv], beet western yellows virus [bwyv], cereal yellow dwarf virus-rpv [cydv-rpv], cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus [cabyv], potato leafroll virus [plrv] and turnip yellows virus [tu ... | 2010 | 20933015 |
| genome sequence of a recombinant brassica yellows virus infecting chinese cabbage. | rna from a chinese cabbage plant (brassica campestris ssp. pekinensis) showing leaf malformation and mottling was labeled and hybridized to a dna chip capable of detecting plant viruses and viroids. probes specific for beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv) and beet western yellows virus (bwyv) yielded positive results, suggesting that the plant was infected by a polerovirus. primers designed from the sequences of the positive probes were used to amplify and sequence one portion of the viral genome. t ... | 2015 | 25352211 |
| phylogenetic relationships and the occurrence of interspecific recombination between beet chlorosis virus (bchv) and beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv). | samples containing two viruses belonging to the genus polerovirus, beet chlorosis virus (bchv) and beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv), were collected from french and polish sugar beet fields. the molecular properties of 24 isolates of bchv and bmyv were investigated, and their genetic diversity was examined in the coat protein (cp)- and p0-encoding genes. for the first time, we have demonstrated that beet polerovirus populations include recombinants between bchv and bmyv containing breakpoints wit ... | 2015 | 25283610 |
| generic detection of poleroviruses using an rt-pcr assay targeting the rdrp coding sequence. | in this study a two-step rt-pcr assay was developed for the generic detection of poleroviruses. the rdrp coding region was selected as the primers' target, since it differs significantly from that of other members in the family luteoviridae and its sequence can be more informative than other regions in the viral genome. species specific rt-pcr assays targeting the same region were also developed for the detection of the six most widespread poleroviral species (beet mild yellowing virus, beet wes ... | 2014 | 24374125 |
| divergence of host range and biological properties between natural isolate and full-length infectious cdna clone of the beet mild yellowing virus 2itb. | plant infection by poleroviruses is restricted to phloem tissues, preventing any classical leaf rub inoculation with viral rna or virions. efficient virus inoculation to plants is achieved by viruliferous aphids that acquire the virus by feeding on infected plants. the use of promoter-driven infectious cdna is an alternative means to infect plants and allows reverse genetic studies to be performed. using beet mild yellowing virus isolate 2itb (bmyv-2itb), we produced a full-length infectious cdn ... | 2014 | 23855287 |
| closely related poleroviruses depend on distinct translation initiation factors to infect arabidopsis thaliana. | in addition to being essential for translation of eukaryotic mrna, translation initiation factors are also key components of plant-virus interactions. in order to address the involvement of these factors in the infectious cycle of poleroviruses (aphid-transmitted, phloem-limited viruses), the accumulation of three poleroviruses was followed in arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines impaired in the synthesis of translation initiation factors in the eif4e and eif4g families. we found that efficient acc ... | 2013 | 23013438 |
| visualization of plant viral suppressor silencing activity in intact leaf lamina by quantitative fluorescent imaging. | abstract: background: transient expression of proteins in plants has become a favoured method over the production of stably transformed plants because, in addition to enabling high protein yields, it is both fast and easy to apply. an enhancement of transient protein expression can be achieved by plant virus-encoded rna silencing suppressor proteins. since viral suppressor proteins differ in their efficiency to enhance transient protein expression in plants, we developed a whole-leaf green fluor ... | 2011 | 21812965 |
| molecular characterization of two chinese isolates of beet western yellows virus infecting sugar beet. | beet western yellows virus (bwyv) has previously been reported as an agent of sugar beet yellowing disease in china. in this article, the complete genomic rna sequences of two chinese bwyv isolates infecting beet from inner mongolia (bwyv-im) and gansu (bwyv-gs) were determined and compared with three beet poleroviruses (bmyv, bchv and bwyv-us) and other non-beet-infecting poleroviruses. the genomes of the two isolates were 5,668 nt in length, and had almost the same genomic organization and cha ... | 2010 | 20352484 |
| efficient dsrna-mediated transgenic resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beets is not affected by other soilborne and aphid-transmitted viruses. | rhizomania caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is one of the most devastating sugar beet diseases. sugar beet plants engineered to express a 0.4 kb inverted repeat construct based on the bnyvv replicase gene accumulated the transgene mrna to similar levels in leaves and roots, whereas accumulation of the transgene-homologous sirna was more pronounced in roots. the roots expressed high levels of resistance to bnyvv transmitted by the vector, polymyxa betae. resistance to bnyvv was n ... | 2008 | 17431806 |