| genetic relationships among avian isolates classified as pasteurella haemolytica, 'actinobacillus salpingitidis' or pasteurella anatis with proposal of gallibacterium anatis gen. nov., comb. nov. and description of additional genomospecies within gallibacterium gen. nov. | bacteria of the avian [pasteurella haemolytica]-'actinobacillus salpingitidis' complex have been associated with different pathological conditions in birds, among which salpingitis and peritonitis in chickens of layer type seem to dominate. the aim of this study was to classify these bacteria by comparison of 37 strains tentatively classified as biovars of the avian [p. haemolytica]-'a. salpingitidis' complex or as pasteurella anatis. pfge, aflp and plasmid profiling showed that strains represen ... | 2003 | 12656185 |
| genetic diversity of gallibacterium anatis isolates from different chicken flocks. | amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflps) were used to characterize the genotypic diversity of a total of 114 gallibacterium anatis isolates originating from a reference collection representing 15 biovars from four countries and isolates obtained from tracheal and cloacal swab samples of chickens from an organic, egg-producing flock and a layer parent flock. a subset of strains was also characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and biotyping. the organic flock isolates were charact ... | 2003 | 12791918 |
| prevalence and transmission of haemolytic gallibacterium species in chicken production systems with different biosecurity levels. | a stratified cross-sectional study consisting of four strata of biosecurity based on production system type, including organic/free-range layer, battery-cage layer, layer parent, broiler parent and broiler grandparent flocks, was performed to estimate the prevalence of haemolytic gallibacterium spp. thirty birds were sampled by tracheal and cloacal swabs in each flock. a flock was considered infected when just one bird tested positive. a total of 27 flocks was included in the study. all chickens ... | 2003 | 14522706 |
| detection of gallibacterium spp. in chickens by fluorescent 16s rrna in situ hybridization. | gallibacterium has recently been included as a new genus of the family pasteurellaceae pohl 1981, which encompasses bacteria previously reported as pasteurella anatis, "actinobacillus salpingitidis," and avian pasteurella haemolytica-like organisms. so far, identification has exclusively relied on phenotypic characterization. we present a method based on a cyanine dye 3.18-labeled in situ hybridization probe targeting 16s rrna to allow specific detection of bacteria belonging to the genus gallib ... | 2003 | 14605154 |
| in vivo studies of gallibacterium anatis infection in chickens. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the pathology in normal or immunosuppressed chickens followed intravenous or intraperitoneal inoculation with a well-characterized strain of gallibacterium anatis. two groups of 30 15-week-old commercial brown laying chickens were used, having been screened and found negative for gallibacterium organisms. one group was treated with 5-fluorouracil to promote heterophil depletion, while the other was saline treated. ten days later 15 chickens from ea ... | 2004 | 15276980 |
| comparative phylogenies of the housekeeping genes atpd, infb and rpob and the 16s rrna gene within the pasteurellaceae. | phylogenies of housekeeping gene and 16s rrna gene sequences were compared to improve the classification of the bacterial family pasteurellaceae and knowledge of the evolutionary relationships of its members. deduced partial protein sequences of the housekeeping genes atpd, infb and rpob were compared in 28, 36 and 28 representative taxa of the pasteurellaceae, respectively. the monophyly of representatives of the genus gallibacterium was recognized by analysis of all housekeeping genes, while m ... | 2004 | 15388716 |
| rapid and accurate identification of human isolates of pasteurella and related species by sequencing the soda gene. | the identification of pasteurella and related bacteria remains a challenge. here, a 449- to 473-bp fragment (soda(int)) internal to the soda gene, encoding the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase, was amplified and sequenced with a single pair of degenerate primers from the type strains of pasteurella (18 strains), gallibacterium (1 strain), and mannheimia (5 strains) species. the soda(int)-based phylogenetic tree was in general agreement with that inferred from the analysis of the correspo ... | 2005 | 15872260 |
| gallibacterium anatis-secreted metalloproteases degrade chicken igg. | gallibacterium anatis (previously named pasteurella haemolytica-like) is considered a normal inhabitant of genital and upper respiratory tracts of healthy chickens, but it is also associated with different pathological conditions. secreted metalloproteases from field and reference g. anatis cultures were obtained by methanol precipitation and were characterized. proteins of molecular mass higher than 100 kda showing proteolytic activity were observed in 10% polyacrylamide gels copolymerized with ... | 2005 | 16236577 |
| specific identification of gallibacterium by a pcr using primers targeting the 16s rrna and 23s rrna genes. | gallibacterium was recently established as a new genus including organisms previously reported as pasteurella anatis, [actinobacillus] salpingitidis and avian pasteurella haemolytica-like organisms. the aim of the present study was to develop a pcr method allowing unambiguous identification of gallibacterium. pcr primers positioned in the 16s rrna (1133fgal) and 23s rrna (114r) genes were defined and their specificity was subsequently tested on 122 strains. twenty-five of the strains represented ... | 2007 | 17350770 |
| genetic diversity of gallibacterium isolates from california turkeys. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the genetic diversity of gallibacterium isolates recovered from lesions in turkeys. gallibacterium has been isolated from various bird species including turkeys, but no large investigations have yet been made to characterize isolates from turkeys genetically. we therefore genotyped 53 gallibacterium isolates obtained from turkeys between 1998 and 2004. fifty isolates originated from 29 different flocks in california and the remaining three came fro ... | 2007 | 17497336 |
| routine phenotypic identification of bacterial species of the family pasteurellaceae isolated from animals. | pasteurellaceae are bacteria with an important role as primary or opportunistic, mainly respiratory, pathogens in domestic and wild animals. some species of pasteurellaceae cause severe diseases with high economic losses in commercial animal husbandry and are of great diagnostic concern. because of new data on the phylogeny of pasteurellaceae, their taxonomy has recently been revised profoundly, thus requiring an improved phenotypic differentiation procedure to identify the individual species of ... | 2008 | 18987220 |
| tissue distribution of haemolytic gallibacterium anatis isolates in laying birds with reproductive disorders. | gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica has been suggested to have a causal role in peritonitis and salpingitis in chickens. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of g. anatis biovar haemolytica in chickens with reproductive disorders. one hundred and forty one birds from 31 layer flocks were submitted for necropsy and the following organs were examined for bacteria: choana, trachea, lung, heart, liver, spleen, ovary, oviduct, duodenum and cloaca. examination for es ... | 2009 | 19089694 |
| classification of the taxon 2 and taxon 3 complex of bisgaard within gallibacterium and description of gallibacterium melopsittaci sp. nov., gallibacterium trehalosifermentans sp. nov. and gallibacterium salpingitidis sp. nov. | this investigation was based on 23 isolates from several european countries collected over the past 30 years, and included characterization of all isolates. published data on amplified fragment length polymorphism typing of isolates representing all biovars as well as protein profiles were used to select strains that were then further characterized by polyamine profiling and sequencing of 16s rrna, infb, rpob and recn genes. comparison of 16s rrna gene sequences revealed a monophyletic group wit ... | 2009 | 19329598 |
| hemagglutinating activity of gallibacterium strains. | in the present study, the hemagglutinating activity of seven reference strains, and nine mexican and three danish field isolates, of gallibacterium was investigated by using fresh erythrocytes of 19 different types including chicken (broiler, rooster, layer hen), turkey, pigeon, quail, duck, harris's hawk (parabuteo unicinctus), house finch (carpodacus mexicanus), cow, sheep, horse, dog, rabbit, pig, and human (groups a, b, ab, and o; rh+). agglutination was observed for broiler chicken, layer h ... | 2009 | 19432013 |
| characterization of pasteurellaceae-like bacteria isolated from clinically affected psittacine birds. | the aim of the present investigation was to identify and characterize pasteurella-like isolates obtained from clinically affected psittacine birds. | 2010 | 19732214 |
| gtxa from gallibacterium anatis, a cytolytic rtx-toxin with a novel domain organisation. | gallibacterium anatis is a pathogen in chickens and other avian species where it is a significant cause of salpingitis and peritonitis. we found that bacterial cells and cell-free, filter-sterilised culture supernatant from the haemolytic g. anatis biovar haemolytica were highly cytotoxic towards avian-derived macrophage-like cells (hd11). we obtained the genome sequence of g. anatis 12656-12 and used a rational approach to identify a gene predicted to encode a 2026 amino acid rtx-toxin, which w ... | 2010 | 19954731 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and tetracycline resistance determinant genotyping of gallibacterium anatis. | the present investigation was undertaken to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of a collection of 58 gallibacterium isolates. all strains were tested by the broth dilution method using the veterinary fastidious medium. a total of 46 field strains were tested, whereof 23 were clinical isolates from 10 mexican layer flocks and another 23 isolates originated from 13 clinically healthy poultry flocks in denmark. in addition, 12 gallibacterium reference strains that had been isolated some 30-40 ... | 2011 | 20843618 |
| the rarely reported tet(31) tetracycline resistance determinant is common in gallibacterium anatis. | the present investigation was undertaken to identify and characterize the tetracycline resistance determinant in 22 gallibacterium anatis strains for which no determinant was identified using primers specific for tet(a, b, c, d, e, g, h, k, l, m, o). a recent study found tet(b) to be the most prevalent tetracycline resistance determinant in a larger collection of g. anatis field strains from mexico and denmark. however, in 41% of the tetracycline resistant strains no determinant could be assigne ... | 2010 | 21145184 |
| histopathologic findings in chickens experimentally infected with gallibacterium anatis by nasal instillation. | histologic findings in chickens experimentally infected by nasal instillation with reference strains of gallibacterium anatis are described. no clinical signs were observed in experimentally infected birds; however, sequential histologic examinations of trachea, lung, air sacs, and liver revealed lesions in all infected chickens. our observations suggest that the reference strains of g. anatis used in this experiment are capable of causing primary infection in chickens. despite that the experime ... | 2010 | 21313855 |
| identification of gallibacterium species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry evaluated by multilocus sequence analysis. | matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) whole-cell fingerprinting was used for characterization of 66 reference strains of gallibacterium. the 4 recognised gallibacterium species and gallibacterium genomospecies 1 yielded reproducible and unique mass spectrum profiles, which were confirmed with bruker biotyper reference database version 3. the reproducibility of maldi-tof ms results were evaluated varying the age and storage of the cultures inv ... | 2011 | 21596619 |
| complete genome sequence of gallibacterium anatis strain umn179, isolated from laying hen peritonitis. | gallibacterium anatis is a member of the normal flora of avian hosts and an important causative agent of peritonitis and salpingitis in laying hens. here we report the availability of the first completed g. anatis genome sequence of strain umn179, isolated from an iowa laying hen with peritonitis. | 2011 | 21602325 |
| expression and secretion of the rtx-toxin gtxa among members of the genus gallibacterium. | strains from genus gallibacterium colonize and occasionally cause disease in a range of bird species. the seven species identified vary with respect to haemolytic activity: gallibacterium genomospecies 1 and 2 are haemolytic, while g. anatis comprise both haemolytic and nonhaemolytic strains. the remaining species are all non-haemolytic. we previously reported that g. anatis strain 12656-12 expresses an atypical rtx-toxin (repeat in toxin), gtxa, responsible for the haemolytic activity and likel ... | 2011 | 21664075 |
| identification and characterization of potential performance-related gut microbiotas in broiler chickens across various feeding trials. | three broiler feeding trials were investigated in order to identify gut bacteria consistently linked with improvements in bird performance as measured by feed efficiency. trials were done in various geographic locations and varied in diet composition, broiler breed, and bird age. gut microbial communities were investigated using microbial profiling. eight common performance-linked operational taxonomic units (otus) were identified within both the ilea (180, 492, and 564-566) and ceca (140-142, 2 ... | 2011 | 21742925 |