| the effect of probiotic lsp 122 on the control of post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome of piglets. | post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome (pwds) of piglets is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains. a new in-feed probiotic, lsp 122 (alpharma), containing viable spores of bacillus licheniformis was tested for its efficacy to control pwds in piglets in a low health-status farm, using four groups with a total of 256 weaned piglets for a 28-day period. one group (negative control) was offered antimicrobial-free and probiotics-free fed, one group was offered feed supplemented wi ... | 1999 | 10607501 |
| growth behaviour of a spore forming probiotic strain in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken and piglets. | the growth behaviour of the probiotic strain bacillus cereus var. toyoi in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chicken and suckling piglets was evaluated. the strain germinated rapidly in intestinal samples from both animal species. less than 10% of spores were recovered from the chicken crop and piglet stomach, respectively. lumen samples and mucosal tissues from the hind gut of piglets displayed increasing colonization of the probiotic strain throughout the trial period. after oral administr ... | 2001 | 11851013 |
| influence of the probiotic strain bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the development of enterobacterial growth and on selected parameters of bacterial metabolism in digesta samples of piglets. | the effect of the probiotic strain bacillus cereus var. toyoi on enterobacterial growth and selected metabolic parameters in digesta samples from piglets before and shortly after weaning was studied. growth capacities of enterobacteria in digesta samples were significantly reduced, but no correlation was found between enterobacterial growth and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid, which are often influenced by other probiotic preparations. tendencies for higher amounts of s ... | 2002 | 11906572 |
| saccharomyces boulardii and bacillus cereus var. toyoi influence the morphology and the mucins of the intestine of pigs. | the mode of action of probiotics is still incompletely understood. to study the interactions between probiotic micro-organisms and the host their effects on morphology and mucins of the intestinal mucosa were investigated. fifteen clinically healthy weaned pigs were divided into three groups and received either saccharomyces boulardii or bacillus cereus var. toyoi or were left untreated. sections of duodenum, proximal and mid jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon were examined. an increase of villus ... | 2002 | 12016561 |
| response of performance characteristics and fecal consistency to long-lasting dietary supplementation with the probiotic strain bacillus cereus var. toyoi to sows and piglets. | as part of an interdisciplinary research project, we studied the performance response of sows and their litters to the probiotic strain bacillus cereus var. toyoi as well as feces consistency of piglets. gestating sows (n=26) were randomly allotted into two groups. the probiotic b. cereus var. toyoi was administered by dietary supplementation to one group of sows and their respective litters (probiotic group) whereas the second group (control group) received no probiotic supplementation. the dur ... | 2005 | 16429826 |
| bacillus cereus var. toyoi enhanced systemic immune response in piglets. | probiotic bacteria have been suggested to stimulate the host immune system. in this study we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the systemic immunity of piglets. a pool of 70 piglets was divided into a probiotic or control group. we determined the ratios of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc) subsets and measured proliferative responses and cytokine production of pbmcs and effects on vaccination responses. blood samples of probiotic-treated pig ... | 2007 | 17498814 |
| impact of the probiotic bacteria enterococcus faecium ncimb 10415 (sf68) and bacillus cereus var. toyoi ncimb 40112 on the development of serum igg and faecal iga of sows and their piglets. | to examine the influence of two different probiotic bacteria on the humoral immune system of swine, two animal studies were carried out with sows and their litters. the sows' feed was supplemented with either enterococcusfaecium ncimb 10415 (sf68) or bacillus cereus var. toyoi ncimb 40112 beginning early in pregnancy. the total iga content in the faeces as well as the total igg concentration in the blood of the sows was recorded before and after weaning. the same parameters were determined in th ... | 2007 | 17760301 |
| influence of the probiotic bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the intestinal immunity of piglets. | in a feeding trial, sows and piglets were fed with the probiotic bacterium bacillus cereus var. toyoi as a feed additive, and the effects on immune cell populations were examined. the development of the gut immune system was determined for piglets at the ages of 14, 28, 35 and 56 days post partum. tissue samples of the jejunum and the continuous peyer's patch were used for enumeration of intraepithelial lymphocyte populations by fluorescence activated flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. ... | 2007 | 17870185 |
| effects of bacillus cereus var. toyoi as probiotic feed supplement on intestinal transport and barrier function in piglets. | the objective of the study was to assess the effects of feed supplementation with the probiotic bacillus cereus var. toyoi on transport and barrier properties of pig jejunum. sows and their respective piglets were randomly assigned to two feeding groups: a control group and a probiotic group in which the standard diet was supplemented with bacillus cereus var. toyoi. at the age of 14, 28, 35 and 56 days, 5 piglets per subgroup were killed and tissue samples from the mid jejunum were mounted in c ... | 2008 | 18459534 |
| effects of bacillus cereus var. toyoi on immune parameters of pregnant sows. | changing immune parameters during pregnancy have previously been reported in humans and cattle, and have been suggested to contribute to increased susceptibility to infections. however, data regarding immune parameters during pregnancy in sows are rare. in this study, we investigated the peripartal immune status of sows using phenotypical (facs analysis) as well as functional (proliferation assays, cytokine analysis) parameters of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in pregnant sows. in p ... | 2009 | 18986709 |
| reduction of salmonella enterica var. enteritidis colonization and invasion by bacillus cereus var. toyoi inclusion in poultry feeds. | the effect of continuously feeding the probiotic microorganism toyocerin to birds inoculated with salmonella enteritidis field-isolated strains on salmonella enteritidis prevalence, and performance variables were studied in 2 experiments. the experiments were performed with 1) broiler chickens in floor pens until slaughter 42 d of age, challenge was performed on d 3, 7, or 14 with 2 x 10(6) cfu per chick, and 2) single comb white leghorn chickens in cages until 28 d of age, challenge was perform ... | 2009 | 19359685 |
| literature review on the safety of toyocerin, a non-toxigenic and non-pathogenic bacillus cereus var. toyoi preparation. | bacillus cereus var. toyoi is a naturally occurring, non-toxigenic and non-pathogenic strain of b. cereus. safety studies were conducted on a b. toyoi preparation (toyocerin, including but not limited to enterotoxicity, eye irritation, genotoxicity, acute, subchronic and chronic toxicity studies and human clinical trials. in rabbits, toyocerin did not exhibit enterotoxicity and was only slightly irritating to the eyes. it was non-mutagenic in an ames assay at up to 10,000 microg/plate and did no ... | 2009 | 19631708 |
| effects of two probiotic additives containing bacillus spores on carcass characteristics, blood lipids and cecal volatile fatty acids in meat type chickens. | the objective of this study was to evaluate effects of two commercially available probiotic additives, containing bacillus spores, on carcass and meat characteristics, serum lipids and concentration of cecal volatile fatty acids of meat type chickens. birds were fed regular corn-soy meal based feed (control), supplemented with additive a, containing 1.6 × 10(6) spores per gram of feed of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis (group a) or additive b, containing the same concentration of ba ... | 2010 | 21039931 |
| molecular characterization of the probiotic strain bacillus cereus var. toyoi ncimb 40112 and differentiation from food poisoning strains. | bacillus cereus var. toyoi strain ncimb 40112 (toyocerin), a probiotic authorized in the european union as feed additive for swine, bovines, poultry, and rabbits, was characterized by dna fingerprinting applying pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing and was compared with reference strains (of clinical and environmental origins). the probiotic strain was clearly characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the restriction enzymes apa i and sma i resulting in u ... | 2011 | 21740723 |
| biological recovery of platinum complexes from diluted aqueous streams by axenic cultures. | the widespread use of platinum in high-tech and catalytic applications has led to the production of diverse pt loaded wastewaters. effective recovery strategies are needed for the treatment of low concentrated waste streams to prevent pollution and to stimulate recovery of this precious resource. the biological recovery of five common environmental pt-complexes was studied under acidic conditions; the chloro-complexes ptcl42- and ptcl62-, the amine-complex pt(nh3)4cl2 and the pharmaceutical comp ... | 2017 | 28046131 |
| potentiality of eisenia fetida to degrade disposable paper cups-an ecofriendly solution to solid waste pollution. | the aim of the present study was to subject the post-consumer waste, namely paper cups for vermicomposting along with cow dung in three different ratios for a period of 90-140 days employing eisenia fetida. the post-consumer wastes are a menace in many developing countries including india. this waste was provided as feed for earthworms and was converted to vermicompost. vermicompost prepared with paper cup waste was analyzed for their physicochemical properties. based on the physicochemical prop ... | 2015 | 25220767 |
| the identification of intrinsic chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance genes in members of the bacillus cereus group (sensu lato). | bacillus toyonensis strain bct-7112(t) (ncimb 14858(t)) has been widely used as an additive in animal nutrition for more than 30 years without reports of adverse toxigenic effects. however, this strain is resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline and it is generally considered inadvisable to introduce into the food chain resistance determinants capable of being transferred to other bacterial strains, thereby adding to the pool of such determinants in the gastro-enteric systems of livestock s ... | 2016 | 28101085 |
| bacteria and hoverflies (diptera: syrphidae) in tree hollows from the iberian mediterranean forest. | saproxylic insect communities inhabiting tree hollows in mediterranean forests depend on a combination of physical characteristics and interactions occurring between community member species. despite the need to preserve these organisms, little is known about their interrelationships, in particular those relationships between saproxylic insects and microbiota occurring in these microhabitats. in tree hollows of quercus rotundifolia lamark that hold water and contain dead leaves, abundant microbi ... | 2017 | 28025224 |
| comparison of procedures for the extraction of supernatants and cytotoxicity tests in vero cells, applied to assess the toxigenic potential of bacillus spp. and lactobacillus spp., intended for use as probiotic strains. | interest in using bacillus strains as probiotic components of animal feeds has grown in recent years. however, some of these strains, especially those taxonomically related to the bacillus cereus group, may have enterotoxigenic activity. assessment of their toxigenic potential by well-established and robust protocols is required before authorizing their use in animal nutrition. three methods of extraction and concentration of supernatants of bacillus and lactobacillus strains (methanol extractio ... | 2014 | 24938520 |
| screening of bacillus strains from sun vinegar for efficient production of flavonoid and phenol. | the aim of this study was to screen out a bacillus from sichuan sun vinegar grains capable of producing a high total amount of flavonoids and total phenols. forty-eight strains were initially screened out from sichuan sun vinegar grains. the sodium nitrite-aluminum nitrate-sodium hydroxide colorimetry method was used to determine the total flavonoids, and the folin-phenol method was used to determine the total phenols. based on the results of total flavonids and total phenol producing capacities ... | 2016 | 27784948 |
| characterization of antibiotic resistant and enzyme producing bacterial strains isolated from the arabian sea. | marine bacteria are known to produce many bioactive molecules and extracellular enzymes of commercial importance. we have investigated the bacterial diversity of the coastal area of karwar, karnataka state, india. among these bacterial isolates, five bacterial strains were selected and identified by their morphological, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rrna gene sequences. the identified bacterial isolates, bacillus toyonensis pntb1, lysinibacillus sphaericus pt ... | 2016 | 28330094 |
| development of intestinal microflora and occurrence of diarrhoea in sucking foals: effects of bacillus cereus var. toyoi supplementation. | almost all foals develop transient diarrhoea within the first weeks of life. studies indicated different viral, bacterial, and parasitic causes, such as rotavirus, clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, and cryptosporidium are discussed. but little is known about the development of intestinal microflora in foals. the present study investigated whether the supplementation with bacillus cereus var. toyoi would modify the developing intestinal microflora and consequently reduce diarrhoea in foa ... | 2015 | 25889817 |
| bacillus toyonensis strain aemreg6, a bacterium isolated from south african marine environment sediment samples produces a glycoprotein bioflocculant. | a bioflocculant-producing bacteria, isolated from sediment samples of a marine environment in the eastern cape province of south africa demonstrated a flocculating activity above 60% for kaolin clay suspension. analysis of the 16s ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rdna) nucleotide sequence of the isolate in the genbank database showed 99% similarity to bacillus toyonensis strain bct-7112 and it was deposited in the genbank as bacillus toyonensis strain aemreg6 with accession number kp406731. the ... | 2015 | 25806549 |
| a feed additive containing bacillus toyonensis (toyocerin(®) ) protects against enteric pathogens in postweaning piglets. | this study evaluated the efficacy of a probiotic containing bacillus toyonensis spores (toyocerin(®) ) in postweaning piglets against enteric pathogens. | 2015 | 25512110 |
| quantification of tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistance in digestive tracts of bulls and piglets fed with toyocerin®, a feed additive containing bacillus toyonensis spores. | the complete genome sequencing of bacillus toyonensis, the active ingredient of the feed additive toyocerin(®), has revealed the presence of tetm and cat genes, a tetracycline and a chloramphenicol resistance gene, respectively. the aim of this study was to determine whether the use of toyocerin(®) (viable spores of b. toyonensis) as a probiotic in feedstuff increased the abundance of tetracycline and chloramphenicol resistant bacteria in the intestinal tracts of piglets and holstein bulls. to t ... | 2014 | 25085518 |
| complete genome sequence of bacillus toyonensis bct-7112t, the active ingredient of the feed additive preparation toyocerin. | strain bct-7112, previously identified as bacillus cereus var. toyoi, is the type strain of the species bacillus toyonensis, a novel species of the b. cereus group. the complete genome of this strain, which is the active ingredient of the feed additive preparation toyocerin, has been sequenced and annotated to reveal the genetic properties of this probiotic organism with a long history of safe use in animal nutrition. | 2013 | 24356843 |
| description of bacillus toyonensis sp. nov., a novel species of the bacillus cereus group, and pairwise genome comparisons of the species of the group by means of ani calculations. | strain bct-7112(t) was isolated in 1966 in japan from a survey designed to obtain naturally occurring microorganisms as pure cultures in the laboratory for use as probiotics in animal nutrition. this strain, which was primarily identified as bacillus cereus var toyoi, has been in use for more than 30 years as the active ingredient of the preparation toyocerin(®), an additive for use in animal nutrition (e.g. swine, poultry, cattle, rabbits and aquaculture). despite the fact that the strain was i ... | 2013 | 23791203 |
| bacillus cereus var. toyoi promotes growth, affects the histological organization and microbiota of the intestinal mucosa in rainbow trout fingerlings. | in this preliminary study, we evaluated the effects of a gram-positive soil bacteria bacillus cereus var. toyoi on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology, and microbiota in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings. trout were maintained in a recirculation system and fed 2 diets: 1) a commercial trout feed deprived of the probiotic and 2) the same diet but with the spores of the probiotic bacteria dissolved in fish oil during the manufacturing of the feed ... | 2013 | 23508031 |
| not so simple, not so subtle: the interspecies competition between bacillus simplex and bacillus subtilis and its impact on the evolution of biofilms. | bacillus subtilis biofilms have a fundamental role in shaping the soil ecosystem. during this process, they unavoidably interact with neighbour bacterial species. we studied the interspecies interactions between biofilms of the soil-residing bacteria b. subtilis and related bacillus species. we found that proximity between the biofilms triggered recruitment of motile b. subtilis cells, which engulfed the competing bacillus simplex colony. upon interaction, b. subtilis secreted surfactin and cann ... | 2016 | 28721238 |
| draft genome sequence of bacillus toyonensis vu-des13, isolated from folsomia candida (collembola: entomobryidae). | we present here the draft genome of bacillus toyonensis vu-des13, which was isolated from the midgut of the soil-living springtail folsomia candida previous research revealed the presence of gene clusters for the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites, including β-lactam antibiotics, in the host's genome. the genome data are discussed in the light of the antimicrobial properties against fungi and oomycetes and a high level of β-lactam resistance of the isolate. | 2017 | 28495769 |