| the suppression of age-related accumulation of lipid peroxides in rat brain by administration of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis). | the protective effects of rooibos tea (rt), aspalathus linearis, against damage to the central nervous system (cns) accompanying aging were examined by both the thiobarbituric acid reaction (tba) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) methods in brains of chronically rt-treated rats. ad libitum administration of rt was begun with 3-month-old wistar female rats and continued for 21 months. the contents of tba reactive substances (tbars) in the frontal cortex, occipital cortex, hippocampus and cereb ... | 1995 | 7501264 |
| radioprotective effects of antioxidative plant flavonoids in mice. | radioprotective effects of tea infusions and plant flavonoids were investigated by using the micronucleus test for anticlastogenic activity and the thiobarbituric acid assay for antioxidative activity. a single gastric intubation of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) infusion at 1 ml per mouse 2 h prior to gama-ray irradiation (1.5 gy) reduced the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (mnrets). after the fractionation of rooibos tea infusion, the flavonoid fraction was found to be most anticl ... | 1996 | 8657176 |
| polysaccharide from aspalathus linearis with strong anti-hiv activity. | polysaccharide that has been extracted with 1% sodium carbonate from rooibos leaves (aspalathus linearis) showed strong anti-hiv activity. du-zhong leaves also showed anti-hiv activity, although lower than the extract of aspalathus linearis, but japanese tea leaves and a hot water extract of aspalathus linearis did not. the anti-hiv activity of the alkaline extract from aspalathus linearis was recovered mainly in the 25-75% ethanol-precipitated fraction. the polysaccharide almost completely inhi ... | 1997 | 9058964 |
| anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity of oligosaccharides from rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) extracts in vitro. | the active substances, acid polysaccharides, were extracted with 1% sodium hydroxide from the leaves of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis), du zhong cha (eucommia ulmoides oliv.) and japanese tea leaves (camellia sinensis var. sinensis). the alkaline extracts of rooibos tea and du-zhong tea leaves, but not japanese tea leaves suppressed the hiv-induced cytopathicity using hiv (htlv-iii) infected mt-4 cells, having extremely low cytotoxicity: its 50% effective concentration (ec50) was 12-67 microg ... | 1997 | 9209319 |
| structural characterisation of lipo-chitin oligosaccharides isolated from bradyrhizobium aspalati, microsymbionts of commercially important south african legumes. | the shoots of the south african legume aspalathus linearis spp. linearis (a. linearis) are used in the manufacture of an increasingly popular beverage that has acclaimed beneficial effects on health; this important export product is known as rooibos (or redbush) tea. three strains of bradyrhizobium aspalati, which are the nitrogen-fixing symbionts of aspalathus carnosa, a. hispida and a. linearis, were tested for the production of lipo-chitin oligosaccharide signal molecules using thin-layer chr ... | 1999 | 10466212 |
| an investigation on the antimutagenic properties of south african herbal teas. | the antimutagenic properties of south african herbal teas were investigated using the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay. aqueous extracts of fermented and unfermented rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush tea (cyclopia intermedia) both possess antimutagenic activity against 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-aaf) and aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1))-induced mutagenesis using tester strains ta98 and ta100 in the presence of metabolic activation. a far less inhibitory effect was noticed against the ... | 2000 | 11080671 |
| influence of processing stages on antimutagenic and antioxidant potentials of rooibos tea. | the antimutagenic and antioxidant potentials of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) tea samples, collected from each of its major processing stages, were evaluated according to the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity test and the hydrogen donating ability and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays, respectively. ten random samples were collected before and after fermentation, as well as after sun-drying, sieving, and steam pasteurization. results indicated that the fermented tea had a significantl ... | 2001 | 11170567 |
| hepatoprotective effect of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) on ccl4-induced liver damage in rats. | hepatoprotective properties of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) were investigated in a rat model of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (ccl(4)). rooibos tea, like n-acetyl-l-cysteine which was used for the comparison, showed histological regression of steatosis and cirrhosis in the liver tissue with a significant inhibition of the increase of liver tissue concentrations of malondialdehyde, triacylglycerols and cholesterol. simultaneously, rooibos tea significantly suppressed mainly th ... | 2003 | 12899659 |
| modulation of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes and oxidative status by rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia intermedia), green and black (camellia sinensis) teas in rats. | rooibos and honeybush teas significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced the activity of cytosolic glutathione s-transferase alpha. a significant (p < 0.05) to marginal (p < 0.1) increase in the activity of the microsomal udp-glucuronosyl transferase was obtained with unprocessed rooibos and honeybush teas, respectively. oxidized glutathione (gssg) levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the liver of all tea treated rats while reduced glutathione (gsh) was markedly increased in the liver of the herb ... | 2003 | 14690405 |
| ex vivo modulation of chemical-induced mutagenesis by subcellular liver fractions of rats treated with rooibos (aspalathus linearis) tea, honeybush (cyclopia intermedia) tea, as well as green and black (camellia sinensis) teas. | male fischer rats were given unprocessed (not oxidized) and processed (oxidized) rooibos and honeybush teas as well as green and black teas as a sole source of drinking fluid for 10 weeks, and sub cellular liver fractions were prepared. cytosolic fractions of rats consuming the unprocessed herbal teas, green and black teas significantly (p < 0.05) protected against 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-aaf)-induced mutagenesis in the salmonella mutagenicity test with strain ta 98, using aroclor 1254-induced ... | 2004 | 15036128 |
| regeneration of coenzyme q9 redox state and inhibition of oxidative stress by rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) administration in carbon tetrachloride liver damage. | the effect of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) on liver antioxidant status and oxidative stress was investigated in rat model of carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. synthetic antioxidant n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) was used for comparison. administration of carbon tetrachloride (ccl4) for 10 weeks decreased liver concentrations of reduced and oxidized forms of coenzyme q9 (coq9h2 and coq9), reduced -tocopherol content and simultaneously increased the formation of malondialdehyde (mda) as i ... | 2004 | 15479130 |
| inhibition of phorbol ester-induced cox-2 expression by some edible african plants. | cancer bush (cb, sutherlandia frutescens), devil's claw (dev, harpagophytum procumbens), rooibos tea (rt, aspalathus linearis), and bambara groundnut (bb, vignea subterranean) have been used to treat some malignancies and inflammatory disorders in africa. however, biochemical basis for chemopreventive effects of these medicinal plants remains unclear. an abnormally elevated expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) has been implicated in pathogenesis and progression of carcinogenesis. in the presen ... | 2004 | 15630188 |
| rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) partially prevents oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rooibos tea as a natural source of a wide scale of antioxidants on the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. expected significant changes of biochemical parameters characteristic for experimental diabetic state were found in plasma and tissues eight weeks after single dose streptozotocin application. administration of aqueous and alkaline extracts of rooibos tea (or n-acetyl-l-cysteine for com ... | 2006 | 15910170 |
| inhibition of tumour promotion in mouse skin by extracts of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia intermedia), unique south african herbal teas. | the modulating effect of ethanol/acetone (e/a) soluble fractions, prepared from methanolic extracts of processed and unprocessed rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia intermedia) as well as green (camellia sinensis) teas was established in a two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis assay. topical application of the tea fractions prior to the tumour promoter, 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa), on icr mouse skin initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba) suppressed sk ... | 2004 | 15914270 |
| a review of the bioactivity of south african herbal teas: rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia intermedia). | rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia intermedia) are popular tisanes in their native south africa and have a growing worldwide market. both herbal teas are used traditionally for medicinal purposes and are rich in polyphenols with rooibos a rare source of the dietary dihydrochalcones, aspalathin and nothofagin. the principal polyphenols in honeybush include the xanthone mangiferin and the flavonones hesperitin and isokuranetin. despite their divergent phytochemical and nutrient ... | 2007 | 16927447 |
| a comparative study on the antimutagenic properties of aqueous extracts of aspalathus linearis (rooibos), different cyclopia spp. (honeybush) and camellia sinensis teas. | antimutagenic activity of aqueous extracts of the south african herbal teas, aspalathus linearis (rooibos) and cyclopia spp. (honeybush) was compared with that of camellia sinensis (black, oolong and green) teas in the salmonella mutagenicity assay using aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-aaf) as mutagens. the present study presents the first investigation on antimutagenic properties of c. subternata, c. genistoides and c. sessiliflora. the herbal teas demonstrated protection a ... | 2006 | 16949333 |
| evaluation of athrixia bush tea for cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, caffeine content and presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. | in south africa, athrixia phylicoides dc. (bush tea) is widely used as a beverage, cough remedy and purgative. the commercialization of this tea in a similar vein to rooibos (aspalathus linearis), is being considered. traditional infusions and decoctions, as well as water and ethanol extracts, were prepared and screened. a related species, athrixia elata sond. (daisy tea), was included in many of the assays as a comparison. extracts of athrixia phylicoides and athrixia elata were tested for toxi ... | 2007 | 17045437 |
| antispasmodic effects of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) is mediated predominantly through k+ -channel activation. | rooibos tea has been widely used for abdominal spasm and diarrhoea. the aim of the present study was to explore the possible mechanism for its use in such ailments. its aqueous extract (rt) at 0.3-10 mg/ml produced relaxation of spontaneous and low k(+) (25 mm)-induced contractions of rabbit jejunum, with weak effect on high k(+) (80 mm)-induced contractions. in the presence of glibenclamide, relaxation of low k(+)-induced contractions was prevented. cromakalim inhibited contractions induced by ... | 2006 | 17076689 |
| selective bronchodilatory effect of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) and its flavonoid, chrysoeriol. | rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) is commonly used for hyperactive gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders. | 2006 | 17080260 |
| augmentation of antigen-specific antibody production and il-10 generation with a fraction from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) tea. | rooibos tea was extracted with boiling water. the aqueous extract was chromatographed in a diaion hp20 column eluted stepwise with water, 25%, 50% and 75% (v/v) aqueous methanol, and 100% methanol. the water eluate (fraction a) showed an augmenting effect on anti-ovalbumin (anti-ova) immunoglobulin m (igm) production in ova-stimulated murine splenocytes in vitro. fraction a also showed a strong augmenting effect on interleukin-10 generation in murine splenocytes. furthermore, continuous ingestio ... | 2007 | 17284834 |
| the antimutagenic activity of the major flavonoids of rooibos (aspalathus linearis): some dose-response effects on mutagen activation-flavonoid interactions. | the antimutagenic properties of the most prevalent flavonoids in rooibos (aspalathus linearis) were compared in the salmonella typhimurium mutagenicity assay using tester strains ta98 and ta100 with, respectively, 2-acetamido-fluorene (2-aaf) and aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) as mutagens in the presence of metabolic activation. the flavonoids included the dihydrochalcones aspalathin and nothofagin and their flavone analogues, orientin and isoorientin, and vitexin and isovitexin, respectively, as well ... | 2007 | 17537670 |
| nodulation of cyclopia spp. (leguminosae, papilionoideae) by burkholderia tuberum. | species of the genus burkholderia, from the betaproteobacteria, have been isolated from legume nodules, but so far they have only been shown to form symbioses with species of mimosa, sub-family mimosoideae. this work investigates whether burkholderia tuberum strains stm678 (isolated from aspalathus carnosa) and dus833 (from aspalathus callosa) can nodulate species of the south african endemic papilionoid genera cyclopia (tribe podalyrieae) and aspalathus (crotalarieae) as well as the promiscuous ... | 2007 | 17881339 |
| transport of aspalathin, a rooibos tea flavonoid, across the skin and intestinal epithelium. | since rooibos tea contains high levels of flavonoid antioxidants with potential health benefits when taken orally or applied topically, the quantity of the antioxidants crossing the physiological barriers is of scientific, clinical and commercial importance. this study investigated the in vitro transport of aspalathin, a unique flavonoid constituent of rooibos tea, across intestinal epithelial cells and the human skin. the transport studies were conducted for both pure aspalathin solutions and e ... | 2008 | 18350515 |
| enhancement of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) aqueous extract and antioxidant yield with fungal enzymes. | the leaves and stems of the rooibos plant ( aspalathus linearis) are used for the production of an herbal tea known for its health promoting properties, which have been linked to its flavonoid content but which is substantially reduced by the traditional processing method employed. selected food-grade fungi were screened for their potential to improve the yield of soluble matter extracted from rooibos plant material. fungal cocktails of hydrolyzing enzymes enhanced either the yield of soluble so ... | 2008 | 18476700 |
| characterisation of phomopsis spp. associated with die-back of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) in south africa. | die-back of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) causes substantial losses in commercial aspalathus plantations in south africa. in the past, the disease has been attributed to phomopsis phaseoli (teleomorph: diaporthe phaseolorum). isolates obtained from diseased plants, however, were highly variable with regard to morphology and pathogenicity. the aim of the present study was thus to identify the phomopsis species associated with die-back of rooibos. isolates were subjected to dna sequence comparison ... | 2006 | 18490972 |
| a broad review of commercially important southern african medicinal plants. | commercially important indigenous medicinal plants of southern africa are reviewed in the context of fundamental knowledge about their ethnobotany, phylogeny, genetics, taxonomy, biochemistry, chemical variation, reproductive biology and horticulture. the aim is to explore the rapidly increasing number of scientific publications and to investigate the need for further research. | 2008 | 18577439 |
| south african herbal teas: aspalathus linearis, cyclopia spp. and athrixia phylicoides--a review. | rooibos (aspalathus linearis (brum.f) dahlg.) and honeybush (cyclopia vent. species) are popular indigenous south african herbal teas enjoyed for their taste and aroma. traditional medicinal uses of rooibos in south africa include alleviation of infantile colic, allergies, asthma and dermatological problems, while a decoction of honeybush was used as a restorative and as an expectorant in chronic catarrh and pulmonary tuberculosis. traditional medicinal uses of athrixia phylicoides dc., or bush ... | 2008 | 18621121 |
| does rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) support regeneration of rat liver after intoxication by carbon tetrachloride? | this study evaluates the effect of rooibos tea (rt, aspalathus linearis) on biochemical and histological parameters during rat liver regeneration after intoxication by carbon tetrachloride (ccl4). from the 10th week, when the administration of ccl4 was terminated, the liver tissue began to regenerate. seven days later in the regeneration phase, the animals treated by rt during whole period of the experiment, and those which drunk rt only during the regeneration period, exhibited a trend for decr ... | 2008 | 18981533 |
| chemoprotective properties of rooibos (aspalathus linearis), honeybush (cyclopia intermedia) herbal and green and black (camellia sinensis) teas against cancer promotion induced by fumonisin b1 in rat liver. | the chemoprotective properties of unfermented and fermented rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia intermedia) herbal teas, and green and black teas (camellia sinensis) were investigated against fumonisin b1 (fb1) promotion in rat liver utilizing diethylnitrosamine (den) as cancer initiator. the various teas differently affected the clinical chemical parameters associated with liver and kidney damage associated with fb1 suggesting specific fb1/iron/polyphenolic interactions. green ... | 2009 | 19041360 |
| aspalathin, a flavonoid in aspalathus linearis (rooibos), is absorbed by pig intestine as a c-glycoside. | aspalathin, a dihydrochalcone and c-glycoside, is the most abundant flavonoid in rooibos (aspalathus linearis), which is well known as an herbal tea in many countries. aspalathin appears to have in vitro antioxidative and antimutagenic effects. to understand the effects of aspalathin in the body, research on the absorption in the intestinal tract, metabolism in the body, and identification of circulating metabolites in vivo is required. we investigated the metabolism of aspalathin to identify th ... | 2008 | 19083477 |
| hypoglycemic effect of aspalathin, a rooibos tea component from aspalathus linearis, in type 2 diabetic model db/db mice. | effects of aspalathin, a green rooibos tea component, on glucose metabolism were studied in vitro and in vivo. we first examined the effect of aspalathin on glucose uptake by cultured l6 myotubes and on insulin secretion from cultured rin-5f pancreatic beta-cells in vitro, and then investigated the effect of dietary aspalathin on fasting blood glucose level and conducted an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (ipgtt) using type 2 diabetes model mice in vivo. aspalathin dose-dependently and si ... | 2009 | 19188054 |
| antioxidant activity of the dihydrochalcones aspalathin and nothofagin and their corresponding flavones in relation to other rooibos ( aspalathus linearis ) flavonoids, epigallocatechin gallate, and trolox. | the antioxidant activity of rooibos flavonoids, including the dihydrochalcones aspalathin and nothofagin and their corresponding flavone glycosides, was evaluated using the abts radical cation, metal chelating, and fe(ii)-induced microsomal lipid peroxidation assays. epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) and trolox were used as reference standards. optimized geometric conformers of aspalathin and nothofagin, in addition to calculated physicochemical properties, were considered to explain interaction w ... | 2009 | 19722573 |
| african legumes: a vital but under-utilized resource. | although nodulated legumes have been used by indigenous peoples in africa for centuries, their full potential has never been realized. with modern technology there is scope for rapid improvement of both plant and microbial germplasm. this review gives examples of some recent developments in the form of case studies; these range from multipurpose human food crops, such as cowpea (vigna unguiculata (l.) walp.), through to beverages (teas) that are also income-generating such as rooibos (aspalathus ... | 2010 | 19939887 |
| in vitro hepatic biotransformation of aspalathin and nothofagin, dihydrochalcones of rooibos (aspalathus linearis), and assessment of metabolite antioxidant activity. | aspalathin (2',3,4,4',6'-pentahydroxy-3'-c-beta-d-glucopyranosyldihydrochalcone) is the major flavonoid present in the south african herbal tea rooibos. in vitro metabolism of aspalathin and a structural analogue nothofagin, lacking the a ring catechol group, was investigated by monitoring the formation of glucuronyl and sulfate conjugates using aroclor 1254 induced and uninduced rat liver microsomal and cytosolic subcellular fractions. following glucuronidation of both aspalathin and nothofagin ... | 2010 | 20039677 |
| self-reported use of traditional, complementary and over-the-counter medicines by hiv-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy in pretoria, south africa. | current management of hiv involves the use of conventional prescription medicines, called 'antiretroviral drugs' (arv), over-the-counter (otc), complementary and alternative medicines (cam), as well as african traditional medicine (atm). the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of use of traditional, complementary and over-the-counter medicines. a cross-sectional survey of hiv-infected patients who started art between july 2004 and august 2005 at dr george mukhari hospital (pretoria ... | 2007 | 20161889 |
| continuous administration of polyphenols from aqueous rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract ameliorates dietary-induced metabolic disturbances in hyperlipidemic mice. | the incidence of obesity and related metabolic diseases is increasing globally. current medical treatments often fail to halt the progress of such disturbances, and plant-derived polyphenols are increasingly being investigated as a possible way to provide safe and effective complementary therapy. rooibos (aspalathus linearis) is a rich source of polyphenols without caloric and/or stimulant components. we have tentatively characterized 25 phenolic compounds in rooibos extract and studied the effe ... | 2011 | 21211952 |
| modulating effects of rooibos and honeybush herbal teas on the development of esophageal papillomas in rats. | widespread consumption of herbal teas has stimulated interest in their role as cancer preventive agents. the present investigation monitored the modulation of methylbenzylnitrosamine (mbn)-induced esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis by rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia intermedia) herbal and camellia sinensis teas in male f344 rats. the tumor multiplicity was significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited by unfermented honeybush (45.5%), green (50%), and black (36%) teas, while the ... | 2011 | 21541901 |
| rooibos (aspalathus linearis) offers cardiac protection against ischaemia/reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart. | rooibos, a unique south african herbal tea, is known to be an important source of unique polyphenolic compounds. in the present study we have quantified the main polyphenolic compounds in both fermented/traditional and unfermented/"green" rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and evaluated its cardioprotective effects against ischaemia/reperfusion injury. male wistar rats consumed aqueous rooibos and green tea (camellia sinensis) extracts (2%, w/v) for 7 weeks before their hearts were rapidly excised an ... | 2011 | 21982437 |
| the influence of aspalathus linearis (rooibos) and dihydrochalcones on adrenal steroidogenesis: quantification of steroid intermediates and end products in h295r cells. | the steroid hormone output of the adrenal gland is crucial in the maintenance of hormonal homeostasis, with hormonal imbalances being associated with numerous clinical conditions which include, amongst others, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. aspalathus linearis (rooibos), which has been reported to aid stress-related symptoms linked to metabolic diseases, contains a wide spectrum of bioactive phenolic compounds of which aspalathin ... | 2011 | 22101210 |
| effects of dietary fruits, vegetables and a herbal tea on the in vitro transport of cimetidine: comparing the caco-2 model with porcine jejunum tissue. | context: dietary botanicals are often consumed together with allopathic medicines, which may give rise to pharmacokinetic interactions. in vitro intestinal models are useful to identify botanical-drug interactions, but they may exhibit different expressions of transporters or enzymes. objective: to compare the effects of selected dietary botanical extracts on cimetidine transport across two in vitro intestinal models. materials and methods: bi-directional transport of cimetidine was measured ... | 2011 | 22085278 |
| effect of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) on growth control of clostridium perfringens and lipid oxidation of ready-to-eat jokbal (pig's trotters). | this study investigated the antimicrobial effects of rooibos (tea extract), potassium lactate (pl) and sodium diacetate (sda) mixture alone or in combinations on the growth of clostridium perfringens vegetative cell and spore in ready-to-eat (rte) jokbal (pig's trotters). addition of a combination of 10% rooibos and 4% pl + sda inhibit growth of c. perfringens vegetative cell in jokbal at 24 °c and 36 °c. the significant inhibition on germination and growth of c. perfringens spores was also obse ... | 2014 | 25394229 |
| an evaluation of the inhibitory effects against rotavirus infection of edible plant extracts. | rotaviruses are the single most important cause of severe diarrhea in young children worldwide. the developments of specific, potent and accessible antiviral treatments that restrain rotavirus infection remain important to control rotavirus disease. | 2012 | 22834653 |
| effect of rooibos extract (aspalathus linearis) on lipid oxidation over time and the sensory analysis of blesbok (damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) and springbok (antidorcas marsupialis) droëwors. | the study objective was to investigate the addition of rooibos extract (rbe) in blesbok and springbok droëwors, a dried meat sausage with added beef fat, to improve oxidative stability. after a storage period of two weeks, inhibition of lipid oxidation showed to be successful with rbe 1.0% addition. no differences (p>0.05) in heme-iron results within the raw, dried or stored samples were seen. however, a positive correlation between lipid oxidation and heme-iron was noted. the fatty acid profile ... | 2015 | 25617707 |
| amelioration of palmitate-induced insulin resistance in c₂c₁₂ muscle cells by rooibos (aspalathus linearis). | increased levels of free fatty acids (ffas), specifically saturated free fatty acids such as palmitate are associated with insulin resistance of muscle, fat and liver. skeletal muscle, responsible for up to 80% of the glucose disposal from the peripheral circulation, is particularly vulnerable to increased levels of saturated ffas. rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and its unique dihydrochalcone c-glucoside, aspalathin, shown to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic rats, could play a role in preventing ... | 2013 | 23639187 |
| natural products useful in respiratory disorders: focus on side-effect neutralizing combinations. | this review summarizes literature related to medicinal plants reputed in traditional medical systems for treatment of asthma and coughs. the plants that are pharmacologically investigated for their effectiveness in such conditions, along with respective experimental protocol details, are also discussed. some of plant origin compounds, which are considered useful as antitussive and antiasthmatic agents, are described as well. chrysoeriol, a constituent of aspalathus linearis (fabaceae) was observ ... | 2015 | 26061992 |
| minimising variation in aspalathin content of aqueous green rooibos extract - optimising extraction and identifying critical material attributes. | high levels of aspalathin, an antidiabetic dihydrochalcone, in green rooibos underpins interest in the production of a standardised extract. elements of a quality-by-design approach was applied to optimise extract conditions, aiming at delivering a dry matter yield (dmy) ≥ 160 g kg(-1) and an extract with an aspalathin content (ac) ≥ 80 g kg(-1) . | 2017 | 28397329 |
| phenolic profiling of rooibos using off-line comprehensive normal phase countercurrent chromatography×reversed phase liquid chromatography. | limited performance of one dimensional chromatographic methods provides the incentive for the development of multidimensional chromatographic techniques for the analysis of complex mixtures. rooibos (aspalathus linearis) represents such a complex sample, containing a range of phenolic compounds that cannot be separated and identified using a single chromatographic technique within a reasonable run time. by implementing np high performance countercurrent chromatography (np-hpccc) in the first dim ... | 2017 | 28236460 |
| effect of vitamin d3 fortification and saskatoon berry syrup addition on the flavor profile, acceptability, and antioxidant properties of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis). | the unique characteristics and healthful reputation of caffeine-free rooibos tea (rt) make it an ideal carrier for vitamin d3 supplementation, and a potential base for the addition of saskatoon berry syrup (sbs), a natural flavor additive. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin d3 fortification and sbs addition on the flavor profile, consumer acceptability, and antioxidant properties of rt. six formulations (rt, rt with sbs, rt with sbs and vitamin d3 , rt with vitami ... | 2017 | 28192609 |
| evaluation of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of rooibos and honeybush tea phenolics. | rooibos and honeybush are popular herbal teas produced from the shrubs of aspalathus linearis and cyclopia spp., respectively, which are indigenous to south africa. both herbal teas are rich in polyphenols and their consumption is associated with several health benefits, partly ascribed to their phenolic constituents. quantification of phenolics in extracts and teas for quality control and research purposes is generally performed using hplc, although dedicated and often species-specific methods ... | 2017 | 27921291 |
| in vitro chemopreventive properties of green tea, rooibos and honeybush extracts in skin cells. | the chemopreventive properties of the herbal teas rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia spp.) have been demonstrated on mouse skin in vivo but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. the aim of the current study was to determine the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of methanol and aqueous extracts of rooibos and two cyclopia species in different skin cells, using green tea (camellia sinensis) as a benchmark. extracts were also characterised for their major individua ... | 2016 | 27897996 |
| inhibitory interactions of aspalathus linearis (rooibos) extracts and compounds, aspalathin and z-2-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, on cytochromes metabolizing hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic drugs. | rooibos extract, due to its glucose and lipid lowering effects, has potential as a nutraceutical for improvement of metabolic dysfunction. potential herb-drug interactions as a result of the use of natural products are of increasing concern. cytochrome p450 enzymes, cyp2c8, cyp2c9, and cyp3a4, are important in the metabolism of hypoglycemic drugs, such as thiazolidinediones (tzds) and sulfonylureas, and hypocholesterolemic drugs, such as atorvastatin. this study investigated the effects of rooib ... | 2016 | 27845750 |
| the potential role of polyphenols in the modulation of skin cell viability by aspalathus linearis and cyclopia spp. herbal tea extracts in vitro. | the relationship between polyphenol constituents, antioxidant properties of aqueous and methanol extracts of green tea (camellia sinensis), the herbal teas, rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia spp.), against skin cell viability was investigated in vitro. | 2016 | 27671741 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of aspalathus linearis and cyclopia spp. extracts in a uvb/keratinocyte (hacat) model utilising interleukin-1α accumulation as biomarker. | ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation is one of the major predisposing risk factors of skin cancer. the anticancer and photoprotective effects of unoxidized rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia) herbal teas, containing high levels of dihydrochalones and xanthones, respectively, have been demonstrated in skin cancer models in vivo. in the current study, the anti-inflammatory effects of methanol and aqueous extracts of these herbal teas were investigated in a uvb/hacat keratinocyte model ... | 2016 | 27706097 |
| transition rates of selected metals determined in various types of teas (camellia sinensis l. kuntze) and herbal/fruit infusions. | teas and raw materials used as ingredients of herbal and fruit infusions (hfi) were analysed by means of icp-ms for their content of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and mercury in the dry product and in the infusion. samples of tea (camellia sinensis l. kuntze) were selected to include different origins, types (black, green), leaf grades (whole leaf, broken, fannings, dust) and manufacturing techniques (orthodox, "crush, tear, curl"). the selected hfi raw materials (chamomile, elderber ... | 2017 | 27542446 |
| correction: van der merwe, j.d., et al. short-term and sub-chronic dietary exposure to aspalathin-enriched green rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract affects rat liver function and antioxidant status. molecules 2015, 20, 22674-22690. | the authors wish to make the following corrections to their published paper [1].[...]. | 2016 | 27420037 |
| phenylpyruvic acid-2-o-β-d-glucoside attenuates high glucose-induced apoptosis in h9c2 cardiomyocytes. | chronic hyperglycemia is closely associated with impaired substrate metabolism, dysregulated mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis in the diabetic heart. as adult cardiomyocytes display a limited capacity to regenerate following an insult, it is essential to protect the myocardium against the detrimental effects of chronic hyperglycemia. this study therefore investigated whether phenylpyruvic acid-2-o-β-d-glucoside, present in aspalathus linearis (rooibos), is able to attenuate hypergl ... | 2016 | 27405104 |
| phenylpropenoic acid glucoside from rooibos protects pancreatic beta cells against cell death induced by acute injury. | previous studies demonstrated that a phenylpropenoic acid glucoside (ppag) from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract had anti-hyperglycemic activity and significant protective effects on the pancreatic beta cell mass in a chronic diet-induced diabetes model. the present study evaluated the cytoprotective effect of the phytochemical on beta cells exposed to acute cell stress. | 2016 | 27299564 |
| short-term and sub-chronic dietary exposure to aspalathin-enriched green rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract affects rat liver function and antioxidant status. | an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract (gre) was fed to male fischer rats in two independent studies for 28 and 90 days. the average dietary total polyphenol (tp) intake was 756 and 627 mg gallic acid equivalents (gae)/kg body weight (bw)/day over 28 and 90 days, respectively, equaling human equivalent doses (heds) of 123 and 102 gae mg/kg bw/day. aspalathin intake of 295 mg/kg bw/day represents a hed of 48 mg/kg bw/day (90 day study). consumption of gre increased fee ... | 2015 | 26694346 |
| content of selected minerals and active ingredients in teas containing yerba mate and rooibos. | the study aimed to determine the content of selected elements: sodium, potassium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and active ingredients such as phenolic acids and tannins in teas containing yerba mate and rooibos cultivated in various areas. the study material comprised six samples of yerba mate teas and of rooibos teas, both tea bags and leaves, purchased in puławy and online via allegro. in total, 24 samples were tested. yerba mate was particularly abundant in mn and fe. the richest source of t ... | 2016 | 26686675 |
| aspalathin improves glucose and lipid metabolism in 3t3-l1 adipocytes exposed to palmitate. | saturated-free fatty acids, such as palmitate, are associated with insulin resistance. this study aimed to establish if an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos extract (gre) and, its major flavanoid, aspalathin (asp) could contribute significantly to the amelioration of experimentally induced insulin resistance in 3t3-l1 adipocytes. | 2015 | 26310822 |
| natural products of relevance in the prevention and supportive treatment of depression. | the use of herbs or their parts: leaves, roots, rhizomes, flowers, seeds, natural strains, as well as extracts or isolated metabolites is becoming more and more popular. natural remedies not only act prophylactically, but also help to alleviate symptoms of many diseases and enhance the overall functioning of the internal organs. many raw materials of natural origin plays a role in treatment of health problems, and also in case of serious diseases such as depression. depression (affective disorde ... | 2016 | 26276913 |
| ameliorative effect of aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) on hmgb1-induced septic responses in vitro and in vivo. | the ubiquitous nuclear protein, high mobility group box 1 (hmgb1), is released by activated macrophages and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) and functions as a late mediator of experimental sepsis. aspalathin (asp) and nothofagin (not), which have been reported to have anti-oxidant activity, are the two major active dihydrochalcones found in green rooibos. in this study, we investigated the antiseptic effects and underlying mechanisms of asp and not against hmgb1-mediated septic r ... | 2015 | 26224030 |
| free radical scavenging ability of aspalathus linearis in two in vitro models of diabetes and cancer. | the free radical scavenging activity of aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea) and its effect on reactive oxygen species (ros), catalase (cat), and superoxide dismutase (sod) were investigated in two in vitro disease models of cancer and diabetes. although the antioxidant activity of this tea has been reported in several studies, its effects in disease models of ros-induced oxidative stress have not been systematically evaluated to date. the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (orac) assay was used in ... | 2015 | 26151031 |
| anti-inflammatory effects of aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) in vitro and in vivo. | aspalathin (asp) and nothofagin (not) are two major active dihydrochalcones found in green rooibos, which have been reported for their anti-oxidant activity. here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of asp and not against lipopolysaccharide (lps)-mediated vascular inflammatory responses. the anti-inflammatory activities of asp and not were determined by measuring permeability, monocytes adhesion and migration, and activation of pro-inflammatory proteins in lp ... | 2015 | 25655391 |
| isolation of aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) using high-performance countercurrent chromatography: sample loading and compound stability considerations. | aspalathin and nothofagin, the major dihydrochalcones in rooibos (aspalathus linearis), are valuable bioactive compounds, but their bioactivity has not been fully elucidated. isolation of these compounds using high-performance countercurrent chromatography (hpccc), a gentle, support-free, up-scalable technique, offers an alternative to synthesis for obtaining sufficient amounts. an hplc-dad method was adapted to allow rapid (16 min from injection to injection) quantification of the four major co ... | 2015 | 25614190 |
| aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) inhibit endothelial protein c receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo. | aspalathin (asp) and nothofagin (not) are two major active dihydrochalcones found in green rooibos, which have been reported for their anti-oxidant activity. increasing evidence has demonstrated that beyond its role in the activation of protein c, endothelial cell protein c receptor (epcr) is also involved in vascular inflammation. epcr activity is markedly changed by ectodomain cleavage and its release as the soluble epcr. epcr can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necro ... | 2015 | 25510322 |
| antidiabetic effect of green rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract in cultured cells and type 2 diabetic model kk-a(y) mice. | previous studies have demonstrated antidiabetic effects for rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and aspalathin (asp), one of its main polyphenols. rooibos, an endemic plant of south africa, is well-known for its use as herbal tea. green ('unfermented') rooibos has been shown to contain more asp than 'fermented' rooibos tea, currently the major product. in the present study, we investigated the antidiabetic effect of green rooibos extract (gre) through studies on glucose uptake in l6 myotubes and on pa ... | 2015 | 25410530 |
| the plights of african resources patenting through the lenses of the world trade organisation: an assessment of south africa's rooibos tea's labyrith journey. | just as developing states are blessed with natural resources capable of transforming their economies into a positive direction, the imposed world trade organisation's (wto) mores continue to relegate them to the status of underdevelopment. the consequences of this on investment, trade and finance in third world states (twss), especially africa, are disarticulation of the economy, exploitation, disinvestment, unemployment, political instability and unavailability of relevant technology to move tw ... | 2014 | 25395703 |
| aspalathin and nothofagin from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) inhibits high glucose-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. | vascular inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, a major complication of diabetes mellitus. aspalathin (asp) and nothofagin (not) are two major active dihydrochalcones found in green rooibos, which have been reported for their antioxidant activity. in this study, we assessed whether asp or not can suppress vascular inflammation induced by high glucose (hg) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (huvecs) and mice. we monitored the effects of asp or n ... | 2015 | 25338943 |
| antithrombotic activities of aspalathin and nothofagin via inhibiting platelet aggregation and fiia/fxa. | aspalathin (asp) and nothofagin (not) are two major active dihydrochalcones found in green rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis; family, fabaceae; tribe, crotalarieae), which have been reported for their anti-oxidant activity. here, the anticoagulant activities of asp and not were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aptt), prothrombin time (pt), and the activities of thrombin (factor iia, fiia) and activated factor x (fxa). and, the effects of asp and not on expression of p ... | 2015 | 25325928 |
| amelioration of lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by aqueous rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract via inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. | acute liver injury occur after intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (lps). oxidative stress and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines are both implicated in the pathogenesis of lps-induced acute liver injury. this study investigated the ameliorative effect of fermented rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract on lps-induced acute liver injury. | 2014 | 25312795 |
| modeling of the total antioxidant capacity of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) tea infusions from chromatographic fingerprints and identification of potential antioxidant markers. | models to predict the total antioxidant capacity (tac) of rooibos tea infusions from their chromatographic fingerprints and peak table data (content of individual phenolic compounds), obtained using hplc with diode array detection, were developed in order to identify potential antioxidant markers. peak table data included the content of 12 compounds, namely phenylpyruvic acid-2-o-glucoside, aspalathin, nothofagin, isoorientin, orientin, ferulic acid, quercetin-3-o-robinobioside, vitexin, hyperos ... | 2014 | 25283576 |
| do hydraulic redistribution and nocturnal transpiration facilitate nutrient acquisition in aspalathus linearis? | the significance of soil water redistribution by roots and nocturnal transpiration for nutrient acquisition were assessed for deep-rooted 3-year-old leguminous aspalathus linearis shrubs of the cape floristic region (south africa). we hypothesised that hydraulic redistribution and nocturnal transpiration facilitate nutrient acquisition by releasing moisture in shallow soil to enable acquisition of shallow-soil nutrients during the summer drought periods and by driving water fluxes from deep to s ... | 2014 | 24972698 |
| modelling the distribution of aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea): implications of climate change for livelihoods dependent on both cultivation and harvesting from the wild. | aspalathus linearis (burm. f.) r. dahlgren (rooibos) is endemic to the fynbos biome of south africa, which is an internationally recognized biodiversity hot spot. rooibos is both an invaluable wild resource and commercially cultivated crop in suitable areas. climate change predictions for the region indicate a significant warming scenario coupled with a decline in winter rainfall. first estimates of possible consequences for biodiversity point to species extinctions of 23% in the long term in th ... | 2014 | 24834320 |
| the influence of processing on the microbial risk associated with rooibos (aspalathus linearis) tea. | this review discusses the influence of processing on the microbial risk associated with salmonella in rooibos tea, the identification of salmonella and preventative and control measures to control microbial contamination. rooibos tea, like other plant products, naturally contains a high microbial load. downstream processing steps of these products usually help in reducing any contaminants present. due to the delicate flavour properties and nature of rooibos, gentle processing techniques are nece ... | 2014 | 24789759 |
| effects of consumption of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and a rooibos-derived commercial supplement on hepatic tissue injury by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in wistar rats. | this study investigated the antioxidative effect of rooibos herbal tea and a rooibos-derived commercial supplement on tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-bhp-) induced oxidative stress in the liver. forty male wistar rats consumed fermented rooibos, unfermented rooibos, a rooibos-derived commercial supplement, or water for 10 weeks, while oxidative stress was induced during the last 2 weeks via intraperitoneal injection of 30 µmole of t-bhp per 100 g body weight. none of the beverages impaired the body ... | 2014 | 24738022 |
| anti-oxidative effects of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) on immobilization-induced oxidative stress in rat brain. | exposure to chronic psychological stress may be related to increased reactive oxygen species (ros) or free radicals, and thus, long-term exposure to high levels of oxidative stress may cause the accumulation of oxidative damage and eventually lead to many neurodegenerative diseases. compared with other organs, the brain appears especially susceptible to excessive oxidative stress due to its high demand for oxygen. in the case of excessive ros production, endogenous defense mechanisms against ros ... | 2014 | 24466326 |
| reduced testosterone production in tm3 leydig cells treated with aspalathus linearis (rooibos) or camellia sinensis (tea). | flavonoids are major compounds of aspalathus linearis and camellia sinensis. they are classified as endocrine disruptors and some have been shown to inhibit testosterone production. tm3 leydig cell cultures were treated with 250-5000 μg ml(-1) a. linearis (unfermented or fermented rooibos) or camellia sinensis (green or black tea) for 24 h in the absence or presence of 6 miu/200 μl human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg). under nonstimulated conditions, all teas tend to decrease testosterone producti ... | 2015 | 24387279 |
| concise and scalable synthesis of aspalathin, a powerful plasma sugar-lowering natural product. | aspalathin (1), a dihydrochalcone c-glucoside, exhibits powerful plasma sugar-lowering properties and thus potentially could be used to treat diabetes. small quantities occur in rooibos tea, manufactured via fermentation of the leaves of aspalathus linearis, hence necessitating the need for an efficient and concise synthesis. efforts to synthesize aspalathin (1) via coupling of a glucose donor to the nucleophilic phloroglucinol ring of the dihydrochalcone moiety have invariably failed, presumabl ... | 2014 | 24354397 |
| lipid and protein stability and sensory evaluation of ostrich (struthio camelus) droëwors with the addition of rooibos tea extract (aspalathus linearis) as a natural antioxidant. | the effect of rooibos tea extract (rbte 0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%) as a natural antioxidant on the lipid and protein stability of ostrich droëwors (traditional south african dried sausage) after a 15 day drying period was investigated. the lipid stability of the droëwors increased with 0.25% rbte having lower tbars. the protein stability of the droëwors did not differ (p≥0.05) between treatments. the heme-iron content did not differ (p≥0.05) between the treatments and increased from day 0 to day 1 ... | 2014 | 24334052 |
| the cardioprotective effect of an aqueous extract of fermented rooibos (aspalathus linearis) on cultured cardiomyocytes derived from diabetic rats. | diabetic cardiomyopathy (dcm) is a disorder of the heart muscle that contributes to cardiovascular deaths in the diabetic population. excessive generation of free radicals has been directly implicated in the pathogenesis of dcm. the use of antioxidants, through dietary supplementation, to combat increased cellular oxidative stress has gained popularity worldwide. aspalathus linearis (rooibos) is a popular herbal tea that contains a novel antioxidant, aspalathin. literature has reported on the an ... | 2014 | 24268738 |
| effects of fermented rooibos (aspalathus linearis) on adipocyte differentiation. | rooibos (aspalathus linearis) contains a rich complement of polyphenols, including flavonoids, considered to be largely responsible for its health promoting effects, including combatting obesity. the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of fermented rooibos hot water soluble solids on in vitro adipocyte differentiation by using differentiating 3t3-l1 adipocytes. hot water soluble solids were obtained when preparing an infusion of fermented rooibos at "cup-of-tea" strength. the major p ... | 2014 | 24060217 |
| rooibos influences glucocorticoid levels and steroid ratios in vivo and in vitro: a natural approach in the management of stress and metabolic disorders? | to determine the effect of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) on glucocorticoid biosynthesis and inactivation in vivo and in vitro. | 2014 | 24022885 |
| in vivo effects of aspalathus linearis (rooibos) on male rat reproductive functions. | aspalathus linearis (rooibos tea) may improve sperm function owing to its antioxidant properties. to test this hypothesis, male rats were given 2% or 5% rooibos tea for 52 days. no significant alterations were observed in body and reproductive organs weight, serum antioxidant capacity and testosterone level. seminiferous tubules displayed complete spermatogenesis. however, a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in tubule diameter and germinal epithelial height was observed. epithelial height of caput ... | 2014 | 24007336 |
| z-2-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, an α-hydroxy acid from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) with hypoglycemic activity. | the rare enolic phenylpyruvic acid-2-o-glucoside, (ppag:z-2-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid), is one of the major constituents of fermented rooibos infusions. 3-phenylpyruvic acid (2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid), without the sugar moiety and with a keto form instead of an enolic arrangement, has been shown to enhance insulin release and glucose uptake in muscle cells. the purpose of this study was to assess if ppag has similar activity on glucose metabolism. | 2013 | 23943314 |
| pythium cederbergense sp. nov. and related taxa from pythium clade g associated with the south african indigenous plant aspalathus linearis (rooibos). | the genus pythium consists of more than 120 species and is subdivided into 11 phylogenetic clades (a-k) based on internal transcribed spacer (its) region sequence data. pythium clade g contains only seven known species, with most not being well described. our study characterized 12 pythium isolates from aspalathus linearis (rooibos) that fit into clade g. phylogenetic analyses of the its region and a combined phylogeny of four gene regions (its, β-tubulin, cox1 and cox2 [cytochrome c oxidase sub ... | 2015 | 23709523 |
| protective effects of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and/or red palm oil (elaeis guineensis) supplementation on tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in wistar rats. | the possible protective effects of an aqueous rooibos extract (aspalathus linearis), red palm oil (rpo) (elaeis guineensis), or their combination on tert-butyl-hydroperoxide-(t-bhp-)induced oxidative hepatotoxicity in wistar rats were investigated. tert-butyl hydroperoxide caused a significant (p < 0.05) elevation in conjugated dienes (cd) and malondialdehyde (mda) levels, significantly (p < 0.05) decreased reduced glutathione (gsh) and gsh : gssg ratio, and induced varying changes in activities ... | 2013 | 23690869 |
| first evaluation of unfermented and fermented rooibos (aspalathus linearis) in preventing lipid oxidation in meat products. | this study consisted of two trials aiming to evaluate, for the first time, the antioxidant potential of rooibos in meat products. with this purpose, the first trial evaluated three unfermented (green) rooibos forms (dried leaves, water extract, freeze-dried extract) added at 2% inclusion level to ostrich meat patties on an 8-day shelf-life trial. a control group without green rooibos inclusion was also considered. the second trial evaluated the addition of different concentrations (0%, 0.25%, 0. ... | 2013 | 23659927 |
| insights on the formulation of herbal beverages with medicinal claims according with their antioxidant properties. | several herbal beverages claim medicinal benefits due to their antioxidant properties. however, operational factors such as the extracted herbal component, preparation method or concentration levels, might influence their biological activity. to assess this effect, the antioxidant activity of beverages prepared with camellia sinensis, aspalathus linearis or cochlospermum angolensis, used solely or mixed with different fruit, plant or algae extracts, was studied using different formulations (bags ... | 2013 | 23459297 |
| ameliorative effect of aspalathin from rooibos (aspalathus linearis) on acute oxidative stress in caenorhabditis elegans. | rooibos leaves and fine stems (aspalathus linearis; fabaceae) are increasingly enjoyed as herbal tea, largely in fermented (oxidised) red-brown form, but also in unfermented (unoxidised) green form. rooibos is rich in antioxidant polyphenols, with the dihydrochalcone, aspalathin, as a major active ingredient. we used caenorhabditis elegans as model organism to investigate the effect of rooibos extracts against oxidative stress in vivo. in a high glucose environment, c. elegans treated with rooib ... | 2013 | 23218401 |
| occurrence and sensory perception of z-2-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid in rooibos (aspalathus linearis). | z-2-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid (ppag), a compound postulated to contribute to the taste and mouthfeel of fermented rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis), was isolated from unfermented rooibos plant material. its structure was unequivocally confirmed by lc-ms, -ms(2), ft-ir and nmr of the underivatised natural product, and optical rotation measurements of the hydrolysed sugar moiety. a similar compound, postulated to be e-2-(β-d-glucopyranosyloxy)-3-phenylpropenoic acid, was also ... | 2013 | 23122165 |
| acute assessment of an aspalathin-enriched green rooibos (aspalathus linearis) extract with hypoglycemic potential. | rooibos, an endemic south african plant, known for its use as herbal tea, has potential as an antidiabetic herbal product, following recent demonstration of the glucose lowering effect of its major flavonoid, the dihydrochalcone c-glucoside aspalathin. the purpose of this study was to confirm antidiabetic activity for rooibos extract high in aspalathin content. an extract (sb1) was selected after screening for high aspalathin content and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. on-line hplc-biochemica ... | 2012 | 23083813 |
| comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatographic analysis of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) phenolics. | rooibos tea is an unique beverage prepared from unfermented and fermented plant material of the endemic cape fynbos plant, aspalathus linearis. the well-known health-promoting benefits of rooibos are partly attributed to its phenolic composition. detailed investigation of the minor phenolic constituents of rooibos is, however, hampered by the limitations associated with conventional hplc methods used for its analysis. in this study, the applicability of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chrom ... | 2012 | 22807363 |
| chemistry of color formation during rooibos fermentation. | nonenzymatic oxidative degradation of aspalathin, a dihydrochalcone unique to green rooibos (aspalathus linearis), resulted in formation of the characteristic red-brown color of processed rooibos tea. as recently reported, two colorless dimers were formed by oxidative coupling. incubations of aspalathin showed further distinct signals. isolation by multilayer countercurrent chromatography (mlccc) followed by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) led to pure substances. subseq ... | 2012 | 22571468 |
| the effects of rooibos (aspalathus linearis), green tea (camellia sinensis) and commercial rooibos and green tea supplements on epididymal sperm in oxidative stress-induced rats. | reactive oxygen species (ros) are involved in many physiological functions of mammalian sperm. numerous endogenous antioxidants belonging to both enzymatic and non-enzymatic groups can remove excess ros and prevent oxidative stress (os). this study compares the modulation of os by rooibos, chinese green tea and commercial rooibos and green tea supplements in rat sperm. male wistar rats (n = 60) were supplemented with fermented rooibos, 'green' rooibos, chinese green tea, rooibos supplement, gree ... | 2012 | 22228422 |
| kinetic optimisation of the reversed phase liquid chromatographic separation of rooibos tea (aspalathus linearis) phenolics on conventional high performance liquid chromatographic instrumentation. | rooibos tea, produced from the endemic south african shrub aspalathus linearis, has various health-promoting benefits which are attributed to its phenolic composition. generating reliable, quantitative data on these phenolic constituents is the first step towards documenting the protective effects associated with rooibos tea consumption. reversed phase liquid chromatographic (rp-lc) methods currently employed in the quantitative analysis of rooibos are, however, hampered by limited resolution an ... | 2012 | 22153205 |
| the pharmacological mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition by green tea, rooibos and enalaprilat - a study on enzyme kinetics. | green tea (camellia sinensis l.) and rooibos (aspalathus linearis dahlg.) inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) in vitro and in vivo. the ace inhibitor enalaprilat has been described previously as a competitive inhibitor and sometimes as a non-competitive inhibitor. the aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of ace inhibition of green tea and rooibos by enzyme kinetics, and to compare this with enalaprilat. a michaelis-menten kinetics and lineweaver-burk graph s ... | 2012 | 22095883 |
| bioavailability and antioxidant potential of rooibos flavonoids in humans following the consumption of different rooibos formulations. | in a complete crossover design, a human study with twelve healthy male volunteers has been conducted using a placebo and different rooibos drinks (rooibos tea and an isolated active fraction) from unfermented rooibos (aspalathus linearis). blood and urine samples were collected before and up to 24h after consumption of the drinks. by hplc-ms/ms, seven metabolites of aspalathin and nothofagin were identified in urine samples, as well as intact aspalathin and nothofagin. moreover, sulphated, glucu ... | 2011 | 25212140 |
| enhancing aspalathin stability in rooibos (aspalathus linearis) ready-to-drink iced teas during storage: the role of nano-emulsification and beverage ingredients, citric and ascorbic acids. | the effects of citric and ascorbic acids on the stability of aspalathin in rooibos (aspalathus linearis) ready-to-drink (rtd) formulations containing fermented rooibos extract (fr), aspalathin-enriched green rooibos extract (gr) and aspalathin-enriched green rooibos extract ascorbic acid solubilisate (gr-solubilisate) were investigated during storage (12 weeks at 25 °c). | 2012 | 21780136 |
| identification of phenolic compounds in aqueous and ethanolic rooibos extracts (aspalathus linearis) by hplc-esi-ms (tof/it). | rooibos (aspalathus linearis) is a rich source of polyphenols and used to make a mild-tasting tea containing no caffeine, is low in tannins compared to green or black teas, and has antioxidant and antimutagenic/antitumoral properties. in vivo results show that rooibos has beneficial effects upon the lipid profile by decreasing serum triglycerides and cholesterol. in this sense, we have developed a simple and rapid method to separate and characterize simultaneously the polyphenolic compounds in a ... | 2011 | 21509483 |