| expression of bt-cry3a in transgenic populus alba × p. glandulosa and its effects on target and non-target pests and the arthropod community. | during the growing seasons of 2006-2008, feeding tests and field studies were conducted in beijing, china, to investigate the effects of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) poplar (bga-5) expressing the cry3a protein (0.0264-0.0326% of the total soluble protein) on target and non-target pests and the arthropod community. the effects of bga-5 on the target pest plagiodera versicolora (coleoptera, chrysomelidae) and a non-target pest clostera anachoreta (lepidoptera, notodontidae), were assesse ... | 2011 | 20703808 |
| construction of an environmental safe bacillus thuringiensis engineered strain against coleoptera. | cloning of new toxic genes from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) and construction of bt engineered strains are two key strategies for bio-control of coleopteran pests in agriculture and forestry. in this study, we cloned a new cry3aa-type gene, cry3aa8, from wild bt strain yc-03 against coleopteran, and constructed a bt engineered strain, ace-38, containing insecticidal protein-encoding gene cry3aa8. the engineered strain, with almost four times of cry3aa yield compared with strain yc-03, was an anti ... | 2016 | 26767987 |
| culturable bacterial microbiota of plagiodera versicolora (l.) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) and virulence of the isolated strains. | plagiodera versicolora (laicharting, 1781) (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) is an important forest pest which damages many trees such as willow, poplar, and hazelnut. in order to find new microbes that can be utilized as a possible microbial control agent against this pest, we investigated the culturable bacterial flora of it and tested the isolated bacteria against p. versicolora larvae and adults. we were able to isolate nine bacteria from larvae and adults. the isolates were characterized using a ... | 2013 | 23054688 |
| transepithelial transport of salicylate by the malpighian tubules of insects from different orders. | the organic anion salicylate is a plant secondary metabolite that protects plants against phytophagous insects. in this study, a combination of salicylate-selective microelectrodes and a radioisotope tracer technique was used to study the transepithelial transport of salicylate by the malpighian tubules of 10 species of insects from five orders. our results show that salicylate is transported into the lumen of the malpighian tubules in all the species evaluated, except rhodnius prolixus. the tra ... | 2007 | 17640663 |
| genetic transformation and expression of transgenic lines of populus x euramericana with insect-resistance and salt-tolerance genes. | we characterized new transgenic varieties of poplar with multiple insect-resistant and salt stress tolerant genes. two insect-resistant bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes, cry1ac and cry3a, and a salt-tolerant gene, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) were inserted into a vector, p209-cry1ac-cry3a-badh. the clone of populus x euramericana was transformed by the vector using the agrobacterium-mediated method. three transgenic lines were assessed using genetic detection and resistance expression ... | 2016 | 27173305 |
| new methylcyclopentanoid terpenes from the larval defensive secretion of a chrysomelid beetle (plagiodera versicolora). | the defensive secretion of larvae of the chrysomelid beetle plagiodera versicolora contains two unstable, volatile methylcyclopentanoid terpenes: a dialdehyde (chrysomelidial) isomeric with dolichodial and anisomorphal, and a closely related enol lactone (plagiolactone). chrysomelidial and plagiolactone are shown to have structures iii and iv on the basis of a detailed analysis of their spectra, coupled with chemical transformations to products of known structure. | 1990 | 267917 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of the transgenic populus alba x populus glandulosa expressing double coleopteran-resistance genes. | expression of the two coleopteran-resistant proteins (bt-cry3a and oryzacystatin i) was detected in the leaves of field-grown transgenic poplar (boga-5) in two or three subsequent years. the boga-5 contained ∼10 μg g(-1) of cry3a over the individual years with no detection in the control, and protein extracts from boga-5 displayed a higher reduction in papain activity (∼42%) compared with ∼21% in the control. laboratory feeding experiments showed that the total mortality of the target pes ... | 2011 | 21561923 |
| positive and negative effects of leaf shelters on herbivorous insects: linking multiple herbivore species on a willow. | we experimentally examined the effects on other herbivorous insects of leaf shelters constructed by lepidopteran larvae on a willow, salix miyabeana. several insect species occupied the vacant leaf shelters. our experiment using artificial leaf shelters showed that the number of aphids increased with the number of artificial leaf shelters on a shoot, as did the numbers of three ant species ( camponotus japonicus, lasius hayashi, and myrmica jessensis) that entered leaf shelters to collect aphid ... | 2003 | 12768405 |
| coleopterancidal delta-endotoxin and constructing its genomic library. | the composition of crystal proteins and plasmid patterns in five new coleopterancidal strains of bacillus thuringiensis were investigated. larvae of plagiodera versicolora were chosen as a model insect in bioassay. strain ym-03 had the highest toxicity. plasmid patterns were detected by rapid agarose gel electrophoresis. it was demonstrated that plasmid patterns of five bt strains were quite different. the partial amino acid sequences of the n-terminal of crystal protein from ym-03 were analyzed ... | 1994 | 7803692 |
| phenolic glycosides govern the food selection pattern of willow feeding leaf beetles. | the relationship between the food selection of four leaf beetle species (phratora vitellinae, plagiodera versicolora, lochmaea capreae, galerucella lineola) and the phenolic glycosides of willow (salix spp.) leaves was tested in laboratory food choice experiments. four willow species native to the study area (eastern finland) and four introduced, cultivated willows were tested.the willow species exhibited profound differences in their phenolic glycoside composition and total concentration. the f ... | 1985 | 28309845 |
| salix transect of europe: patterns in the most abundant chrysomelid beetle (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) herbivores of willow from greece to arctic norway. | chrysomelid beetles associated with willow (salix spp.) were surveyed at 41 sites across europe, from greece (lat. 38.8 °n) to arctic norway (lat. 69.7 °n). | 2016 | 27956853 |
| factors affecting population dynamics of leaf beetles in a subarctic region: the interplay between climate warming and pollution decline. | understanding the mechanisms by which abiotic drivers, such as climate and pollution, influence population dynamics of animals is important for our ability to predict the population trajectories of individual species under different global change scenarios. we monitored four leaf beetle species (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) feeding on willows (salix spp.) in 13 sites along a pollution gradient in subarctic forests of north-western russia from 1993 to 2014. during a subset of years, we also measure ... | 2016 | 27266523 |
| specificity of phenolic glycoside induction in willow seedlings (salix sericea) in response to herbivory. | salix sericea (marsh.) (salicaceae) seedlings were used to investigate phytochemical induction of phenolic glycosides following beetle herbivory. seven-week-old full-sibling seedlings were subjected to one of three damage treatments: plagiodera versicolora adults, p. versicolora larvae, or calligrapha multipunctata bigsbyana adults. salicylate concentrations were measured locally (within damaged leaves) and systemically (above and below damaged leaves) 4 d later. herbivory caused differential sa ... | 2006 | 17131187 |
| how slug herbivory of juvenile hybrid willows alters chemistry, growth and subsequent susceptibility to diverse plant enemies. | selective feeding by herbivores, especially at the seedling or juvenile phase, has the potential to change plant traits and ultimately the susceptibility of surviving plants to other enemies. moreover, since hybridization is important to speciation and can lead to introgression of traits between plant species, differential feeding (herbivore-induced mortality) can influence the expression of resistance traits of hybrids and ultimately determine the consequences of hybridization. while it would b ... | 2013 | 23475954 |
| plant stress and insect behavior: cottonwood, ozone and the feeding and oviposition preference of a beetle. | adults and larvae of the beetle plagiodera versicolora preferred to feed on and consumed more of cottonwood, populus deltoides, plant material that had been previously exposed to an acute dose of ozone (0.20 ppm, 5 h), compared to controls in choice experiments. however, females preferred to oviposit on the unexposed controls. results were consistent for 2 cottonwood clones over 3 years in disc, leaf and whole-plant choice tests. the differential feeding and oviposition response of this insect t ... | 1988 | 28312378 |
| behavioral responses of a leaf beetle to injury-related changes in its salicaceous host. | adults of the leaf beetle plagiodera versicolora laich, avoided previously injured shoots of salix alba 'tristis' in favor of nearby uninjured ones. the response was rapid and persisted for five days of study. during brief periods of observation, the vast majority of beetles engaged in behaviors other than locomotion such as feeding and resting. furthermore, the proportions of beetles walking were similar on injured and uninjured shoots. it appears that under these experimental conditions previo ... | 1989 | 28313100 |
| control of systemically induced herbivore resistance by plant vascular architecture. | patterns of systemically induced resistance (sir) in eastern cottonwood, populus deltoides, measured by reduced feeding of the leaf-chewing beetle, plagiodera versicolora, were shown to be directly related to the distribution of the plant vasculature. mechanical damage to single leaves resulted in sir in non-adjacent, orthostichous leaves (vertically aligned on the stem) with direct vascular connections, both up and down the shoot; but no sir in adjacent, non-orthostichous leaves with less direc ... | 1993 | 28313449 |
| secondary metabolites as stimulants and antifeedants of salix integra for the leaf beetle plagiodera versicolora. | plagiodera versicolora, a willow beetle living on s. sachalinensis, is found on s. integra during early june in hokkaido island, japan. this insect selects several species of willows (salix), including s. integra as host plant in honshu island of japan. to determine the reasons for the limited distribution of this beetle on the willows of hokkaido, the feeding preference of the insect to leaves of s. integra and its constituents was performed. feeding-bioassay guided fractionation of an 80% aque ... | 2017 | 12939047 |
| evolution of feeding preference in a leaf beetle: the importance of phenotypic plasticity of a host plant. | much attention has been paid to ecology and evolution of damage-induced plant responses. recently, it has been emphasized that phenotypic plasticity, such as induced plant responses, has the potential to lead to evolutionary changes of interacting partners. here, we report that induced plant regrowth promotes a locally adaptive feeding preference of a leaf beetle, plagiodera versicolora. we found that there was among-population variation in the strength of the feeding preference of the leaf beet ... | 2009 | 19624705 |
| expression of multiple resistance genes enhances tolerance to environmental stressors in transgenic poplar (populus × euramericana 'guariento'). | commercial and non-commercial plants face a variety of environmental stressors that often cannot be controlled. in this study, transgenic hybrid poplar (populus × euramericana 'guariento') harboring five effector genes (vgb, sacb, jerf36, btcry3a and oc-i) were subjected to drought, salinity, waterlogging and insect stressors in greenhouse or laboratory conditions. field trials were also conducted to investigate long-term effects of transgenic trees on insects and salt tolerance in the transform ... | 2011 | 21931776 |
| herbivore community promotes trait evolution in a leaf beetle via induced plant response. | several recent studies have emphasised that community composition alters species trait evolution. here, we demonstrate that differences in composition of local herbivore communities lead to divergent trait evolution of the leaf beetle plagiodera versicolora through plant-mediated indirect interactions. our field surveys, genetic analyses and community-manipulation experiments show that herbivore community composition determines the degree of herbivore-induced regrowth of willows (salicaceae), wh ... | 2013 | 23279602 |
| de novo biosynthesis versus sequestration: a network of transport systems supports in iridoid producing leaf beetle larvae both modes of defense. | in the larval chrysomelines the de novo synthesis of monoterpenoids (iridoids) is believed to represent the ancestral state in the evolution of chemical defenses. here we demonstrate that the iridoid producing larvae of plagiodera versicolora and phratora laticollis have the potential to sequester precursors from food. in nature, iridoids may even have a dual origin, namely plant-derived and de novo produced. the ability to sequester plant-derived precursors was proved by (i) (13)c-labelling of ... | 2008 | 18687400 |
| methylcyclopentanoid monoterpenes mediate interactions among insect herbivores. | beetles secrete an array of chemicals generally believed to mitigate attack by predators. methylcyclopentanoid monoterpenes secreted by larvae of the willow leaf beetle, plagiodera versicolora, deter feeding by conspecific adults. furthermore, the secretion elicits a strong repugnancy response in larvae of another willow herbivore, nymphalis antiopa. leaves bearing beetle larvae are less likely than leaves not bearing beetles to be frequented and consumed by nymphalis larvae. predator defense ma ... | 1986 | 17828917 |
| spatial and temporal variation in group relatedness: evidence from the imported willow leaf beetle. | the distribution of genetic variance within and among socially interacting groups, often quantified as the average relatedness or r̄, is an important determinant of the evolution of social behaviors. models of social evolution often treat this average as a constant characteristic of a species. in this paper, we present data documenting the degree of temporal and spatial variation in the average relatedness of larval groups of imported willow leaf beetles, a species whose immatures display severa ... | 1988 | 28563852 |
| plant stress and insect performance: cottonwood, ozone and a leaf beetle. | leaf area consumption rates, development rates, survivorship, and fecundity of the imported willow leaf beetle (plagiodera versicolora laich) were examined on two clones of eastern cottonwood which were previously exposed to ozone or charcoal-filtered air. p. versicolora consumed more ozone treated foliage, but were more fecund when reared on charcoal-filtered air treated plants. beetle development rates and survivorship were not significantly different on treated and control cottonwoods. we con ... | 1988 | 28312379 |
| preference and performance of a willow-feeding leaf beetle: soil nutrient and flooding effects on host quality. | the distribution and abundance of herbivores on plants growing under different environmental conditions may depend upon preference and/or performance. soil nutrients and water availability are key determinants of herbivore distribution, as both influence plant growth and tissue quality. however, the effects of water on plant quality may depend upon the availability of nutrients and vice versa. surprisingly few studies have examined the interactions between the two. we investigated the effects of ... | 2003 | 12756526 |
| specialist leaf beetle larvae use volatiles from willow leaves infested by conspecifics for reaggregation in a tree. | young, gregariously living larvae of the willow leaf beetles plagiodera versicolora are known to exhibit characteristic aggregation-dispersion-reaggregation behavior and local fidelity to a host tree. in this study, we investigated whether plant volatiles induced by feeding p. versicolora larvae were involved in the reaggregation behavior. under laboratory conditions, we conducted dual-choice bioassays and found that the first and second instars discriminated between volatiles from leaves infest ... | 2010 | 20544261 |
| an apparent trade-off between direct and signal-based induced indirect defence against herbivores in willow trees. | signal-based induced indirect defence refers to herbivore-induced production of plant volatiles that attract carnivorous natural enemies of herbivores. relationships between direct and indirect defence strategies were studied using tritrophic systems consisting of six sympatric willow species, willow leaf beetles (plagiodera versicolora), and their natural predators, ladybeetles (aiolocaria hexaspilota). relative preferences of ladybeetles for prey-infested willow plant volatiles, indicating lev ... | 2012 | 23251559 |