| detection of htlv-i in clinical specimens. | the american red cross, which collects 50% of blood for transfusion in the united states, now tests all prospective blood donors for htlv-i and htlv-ii antibodies. it will therefore be important to recognize the significance and clinical spectrum of diseases associated with these viruses, and to become familiar with the current methods used to diagnose infection. this review summarizes the techniques currently in use to screen for htlv-i/ii antibodies, as well as methods to detect viral genome a ... | 1992 | 1280639 |
| humoral responses to the immunodominant gag and env epitopes of human t-lymphotropic virus type i among melanesians. | the immune responsiveness to the immunodominant b-cell epitopes of human t-lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i), derived from the external envelope glycoprotein (recombinant mta-1(162-209), synthetic env-1(194-214), and env-5(242-257)) and the gag-encoded matrix protein (gag-1a(102-117)), was analyzed in 19 htlv-i-seropositive and 51 htlv i-seroindeterminate melanesians from papua new guinea and the solomon islands. the reactivities of seropositive melanesian specimens to mta-1 (100%), env-5 (89%) ... | 1992 | 1282011 |
| production of monoclonal antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type-2. | the rod strain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) was used to produce monoclonal antibodies. virus grown in cem cells was partially purified by ultracentrifugation and solubilized in a buffer containing triton x-100. balb/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 50 micrograms of solubilized virus preparations mixed 1:1 with complete freund's adjuvant. animals were boosted on day 28 and sacrificed on day 31. spleen cells from the immunized animals were fused with sp20/ag 14 m ... | 1992 | 1282263 |
| workshop on cancer epidemiology in latin america and the caribbean. | | 1992 | 1312175 |
| hiv-1 ancestry primordial expansions of rre and rre related sequences. | the human t-lymphotropic retroviruses htlv-i and hiv-1/-2 share a complementary patchwork homology in which the rre regions of hiv-1 and -2 cover 78.1% of a 169 nucleotide (nt) region (px1,2) positioned precisely between open reading frames px i and px ii of atlv (htlv-i). the sequence character of the px1,2 region is shown to be influenced by a primordial expansion, ctc2t, originating several hundred nucleotides upstream. a second primordial expansion, agcu(u/c), is identified and shown to repr ... | 1992 | 1317486 |
| health care worker exposure to hiv-1 and htlv i-ii in critically ill, resuscitated emergency department patients. | exposure to hiv-1 is of profound concern to health care workers. htlv-i and htlv-ii, retroviruses with similar modes of transmission as hiv-1, also cause disease in human beings. emergency department resuscitations are high-risk situations for such exposure. the purpose was to determine the seroprevalence of hiv-1 and htlv i-ii in patients undergoing ed resuscitations, the magnitude of health care worker exposure, and risk factors associated with infection. | 1992 | 1329584 |
| absence of htlv-i/ii infection in blood donors with positive and inconclusive htlv-i/ii serology. | the pathogenetic potential and the true extent of human t leukemia/lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) and type ii (htlv-ii) infection are unknown. to find out more about htlv-i/ii seroepidemiology and the risks of iatrogenic transmission, we performed a serological study, screening 4086 healthy blood donors. a surprisingly high percentage of serum reactivity to htlv-i/ii antigens was observed by commercial elisa (2.08%) and immunoblotting (ib) (0.85%) analysis, although none of the samples satis ... | 1992 | 1331713 |
| mechanisms of human t-cell leukemia virus-induced leukemogenesis. | | 1992 | 1333808 |
| establishment of a human t-cell line constitutively producing several eosinophil chemotactic lymphokines and their functional heterogeneity on eosinophils. | we established a t-cell line, sto-2, by human t-cell lymphoma-leukemia virus-induced transformation of normal human t cells. partial purification with isoelectric electrophoresis revealed that sto-2 liberated several eosinophil chemotactic factors (ecf) for eosinophils from healthy individuals with different isoelectric point of pi5, pi6, pi7, pi8, and pi9. molecular weight of all the ecf was about 30,000 to 45,000. none of the ecf except ecf-pi5 was suppressed when they were incubated with mono ... | 1992 | 1335763 |
| human foamy virus: an underestimated neuropathogen? | human foamy virus (hfv) is a recently characterized retrovirus which was originally isolated from patients with various neoplastic and degenerative diseases. however, until today it has not been possible to identify hfv as the causative agent of any disease and little is known about its prevalence in human populations. like htlv and hiv, hfv encodes the three structural retroviral genes, gag, pol and env, and an additional region containing three open reading frames, bel-1 to bel-3. bel-1 activa ... | 1992 | 1341948 |
| comparative biological responses of rabbits infected with human t-lymphotropic virus type i isolates from patients with lymphoproliferative and neurodegenerative disease. | an experimental rabbit model was used to determine host responses to infection by various human t-lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i) strains. seven groups of 4 to 5 rabbits each were inoculated with lethally-irradiated htlv-i-infected cell lines derived from patients with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma or from patients with htlv-i-associated myelopathy. four separate control groups of 2 rabbits each were inoculated with similarly prepared htlv-i-negative cells derived from rabbits or humans. ant ... | 1992 | 1345820 |
| prevalence of hiv-1, hiv-2, and htlv-i/ii in spanish seamen. | | 1992 | 1346808 |
| sexual transmission of htlv infections in southern india. | | 1992 | 1346809 |
| sensitivity and specificity of a recombinant transmembrane glycoprotein (rgp21)-spiked western immunoblot for serological confirmation of human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and type ii infections. | serum specimens (n = 2,712) obtained from individuals residing in diverse geographic regions and categorized as seropositive (n = 122), seroindeterminate (n = 523), or seronegative (n = 2,067) for human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) infection in accordance with u.s. public health service guidelines were retested by recombinant transmembrane protein (rgp21)-spiked western immunoblotting. of the 122 htlv-positive specimens, those from 85 of 85 (100%) u.s. blood donors, 2 of 2 (100%) brazilians, ... | 1992 | 1347047 |
| reappraisal of human retroviral infection in venezuela. | | 1992 | 1347225 |
| prevalence of htlv infection in the dominican republic: association with neurological disease. | the presence of the human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv) in dominican blood donors and patients with tropical spastic paraparesis (tsp) was first detected in 1987. to define further the seroprevalence in the country, nearly 4,000 samples from high- and low-risk populations, as well as patients with neurological disease and with leukemia or lymphoma were tested for htlv antibodies. a 1-2% seropositivity rate was found among the low-risk population, a 2-5% in the high-risk, and at least 87% in those ... | 1992 | 1347226 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv)-related endogenous sequence, hres-1, encodes a 28-kda protein: a possible autoantigen for htlv-i gag-reactive autoantibodies. | the presence of a human t-cell lymphotropic virus (htlv)-related endogenous sequence, hres-1, in the human genome has been documented. the hres-1 genomic locus is transcriptionally active and contains open reading frames. antibodies 232 and 233, specific for synthetic peptides pep14-24 and pep117-127, corresponding to two nonoverlapping htlv-related regions in the longer open reading frame of hres-1, recognize an identical 28-kda protein in h9 human t cells. thus, hres-1 is a human endogenous re ... | 1992 | 1347429 |
| [adult t-cell leukemia with ki-1 expression]. | a 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever and edema in february, 1990. lymph node biopsy revealed diffuse lymphoma pleomorphic type according to the lsg classification. on hematological examination, leukocyte count was 23,500/microliters, of which 36% abnormal lymphocytes expressing cd2, cd3, cd4 and cd25 as same as the lymph node cells. anti-htlv-i antibody in serum was positive. from these data, the diagnosis of adult t-cell leukemia (atl) was made. atl cells in the b ... | 1992 | 1347577 |
| multiple isolates and characteristics of human t-cell leukemia virus type ii. | human t-cell leukemia (or lymphotropic) virus type ii (htlv-ii) was isolated from eight htlv-seropositive patients, six of whom were also infected with human immunodeficiency virus, by cocultivation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) with bjab, a continuous b-cell line. restriction endonuclease mapping of the proviruses demonstrated consistent differences among isolates, and two distinct physical map patterns were observed. the results suggest the existence of two closely related mole ... | 1992 | 1347796 |
| immunoglobulin prophylaxis against htlv-i in a rabbit model. | we have investigated the protective effect of human t-cell leukemia virus i (htlv-i) immune globulin (htlvig) against htlv-i in rabbits. htlvig containing 77 mg/ml of igg was prepared from pooled plasma from seropositive healthy persons. in the first experiment, four groups (a, b, c, and d) of three rabbits were transfused with 5 ml blood from an htlv-i-infected rabbit. groups a, b, and c were infused 24 h later with 10, 5, and 2 ml htlvig, respectively, while group d was infused with 10 ml htlv ... | 1992 | 1347800 |
| the significance of t lymphocytes in transfusion medicine. | | 1992 | 1348007 |
| [kidney diseases associated with virus infections]. | | 1992 | 1348265 |
| expression of alternatively spliced human t-lymphotropic virus type i px mrna in infected cell lines and in primary uncultured cells from patients with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma and healthy carriers. | although human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) is the etiologic agent of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atl), the role of viral gene expression in the progression to and maintenance of the leukemic state in vivo is unclear because of the inability of most previous studies to readily detect htlv-i rna in infected individuals. by using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we detected spliced messages for the htlv-i px regulatory genes in primary uncultured cells from atl ... | 1992 | 1348363 |
| application of screening and confirmatory assays for anti-htlv-i/ii in u.k. populations. | during an epidemiological study of a low risk u.k. population diverse screening and confirmatory assays for the detection of anti-htlv-i/ii were assessed. sera from 2,900 antenatal patients were tested for anti-htlv-i/ii by gelatin particle agglutination assay (gpa). all reactive sera, and 133 randomly selected unreactive sera, were further tested by abbott and dupont elisas, "in house" competitive and igg capture radioimmunoassays (rias), and western blot (wb). sera which reacted with any htlv- ... | 1992 | 1348782 |
| htlv-i and uveitis. | | 1992 | 1349119 |
| serologic confirmation of simian t-lymphotropic virus type i infection by using immunoassays developed for human t-lymphotropic virus antibody detection. | serum specimens from diverse species of old world monkeys, categorized as seropositive (n = 97) or seronegative (n = 23) for human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) infection, were tested by using recombinant env-spiked western immunoblot assays and synthetic peptide assays for simultaneous detection and discrimination of simian t-lymphotropic virus (stlv) infection. of the 97 seropositive specimens, 93 reacted with the recombinant transmembrane (r21env) protein and 90 reacted with a recombinant, mta- ... | 1992 | 1349306 |
| hiv-1 and hiv-2 in spain. | | 1992 | 1349876 |
| viruses in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: absence of candidate viral genomes in muscle. | there is indirect evidence that various viruses have aetiological roles in the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. by means of a sensitive and specific method based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), we sought direct evidence for the presence in affected muscle of nucleic acid sequences from coxsackie virus, mumps virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, adenovirus, human t-lymphotropic virus types i and ii, and human immunodeficiency virus. rna was extracted from muscle biopsy samples obtained f ... | 1992 | 1349938 |
| apparent ineffectiveness of natural killer cells vis-à-vis retrovirus-infected targets. | the role of nk cells in the defense against retroviral infections is ill defined. the discovery of the pathogenic human retroviruses and their epidemic spread have made more urgent a better understanding of how such infections may be naturally controlled. therefore, a systematic study was undertaken to determine whether nk cells obtained from healthy individuals are able to recognize and lyse target cells that have been infected with htlv-i, htlv-ii, or hiv. the studies demonstrated that nk cell ... | 1992 | 1350295 |
| seroprevalence of htlv-i and htlv-ii. | | 1992 | 1350658 |
| seroprevalence of htlv-i and htlv-ii. | | 1992 | 1350659 |
| chronic leukaemias. | in recent years many subtypes of cll and some cml variants have been recognized throughout the world by means of careful clinical, epidemiological, immunological, molecular biological and viral studies. most striking has been the establishment of a close association between certain immunophenotypical subtypes of cll and infection with htlv-i and possibly htlv-ii. cll has consistently been shown to have a strong genetic component and a low incidence among asians, but a growing body of evidence al ... | 1992 | 1350742 |
| [epidemiological characteristics of hiv-2 infection in africa]. | hiv-2 infection has been found to be centered around west africa and more common in larger cities and among an older age group, with prostitutes and patients with sexually transmitted diseases (std) constituting a high-risk group. some members of the high-risk group are confirmed to be infected with hiv-1 and hiv-2 concurrently. the prevalence of the hiv-2 pathogen is lower than that of hiv-1. among west african countries, a higher rate of hiv-2 infection is seen in the former portuguese and ... | 1992 | 1351765 |
| [clinical manifestations of htlv-i infection]. | | 1992 | 1351892 |
| primary sjögren's syndrome with antibodies to htlv-i: clinical and laboratory features. | the prevalence of antibodies to human t lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) was studied in patients with primary sjögren's syndrome. thirteen of 36 serum samples were positive by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and particle agglutination assay for antibodies to htlv-i and were confirmed by western blotting. the presence of antibodies to htlv-i may signify an htlv-i carrier state. these patients had a high occurrence of extraglandular manifestations such as uveitis, myopathy, and recurre ... | 1992 | 1352097 |
| hiv and htlv infections in 1305 transfusion-dependent thalassemics in italy. the cooleycare cooperative group. | to evaluate the prevalence of antibodies to hiv-1/2 and htlv-i/ii in 1305 transfusion-dependent beta-thalassemics treated in 36 centres in italy. | 1992 | 1352107 |
| evolution of hiv in africa. | | 1992 | 1352412 |
| high level of htlv-i specific protein expression in a patient with adult t-cell leukemia, chronic progressive myelopathy and kaposi's sarcoma. | analysis was made of serum anti-htlv-i antibodies, virus-specific proteins in peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and proviruses in lymphocyte dna of a patient with adult t-cell leukemia (atl), kaposi's sarcoma, and chronic myelopathy. using western blot and pcr (with hiv-1 specific primers), it was shown that kaposi's sarcoma was not linked to hiv infection. western blot analysis of serum revealed antibodies against p19, p24 and pr 53 of htlv-i. examination of proteins in fresh pbl by western bl ... | 1992 | 1352562 |
| does human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coinfection accelerate acquired immunodeficiency syndrome? the jury is still out. | | 1992 | 1352674 |
| the impact of human t-lymphotrophic virus type i/ii infection on the prognosis of sexually acquired cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | twenty (18%) of 111 peruvian men with sexually acquired human immunodeficiency virus infection were found also to be infected with human t-lymphotrophic virus type i or ii in a retrospective study. at the time of data evaluation, 75 patients had reached centers for disease control stage iv (clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and had not received antiviral medication; mortality in this group was 63.3% (38/60) among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus alone and 80% (12/15 ... | 1992 | 1352675 |
| detection of human retroviruses by pcr. | | 1992 | 1352689 |
| absence of markers for htlv infection among australian injecting drug users. | | 1992 | 1353605 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus type i or a related retrovirus in patients with mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome and kaposi's sarcoma. | antibodies reactive with human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i) proteins p19, p24, gp46, p56, and gp68 were detected in four of 27 patients with mycosis fungoides/sézary syndrome (mf/ss) and one patient with kaposi's sarcoma using radioimmunoprecipitation and western blot analysis. seroreactivity patterns to htlv-i proteins of mf/ss sera were indeterminate or limited in comparison with sera of patients with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma. htlv-i gag- and tax/rex-specific dna was demonstrate ... | 1992 | 1353704 |
| novel complications with htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis: interstitial cystitis and persistent prostatitis. | lower urinary symptoms associated with htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (ham/tsp) are common, but have been regarded as 'neurogenic' due to spinal involvements. however, in some cases, these symptoms are persistent, progressive, and not directly correlated with the severity of other neurologic symptoms of the lower spinal cord. these findings prompted us to locate organic lesions in the lower urinary tract and to correlate them with htlv-1 infection. among 35 ham patient ... | 1992 | 1353753 |
| possibility of htlv-i transmission from wife with atl to husband. | | 1992 | 1353993 |
| a seroepidemiological survey of antibodies to htlv-i/htlv-ii in selected population groups in paraguay. | between march 1987 and november 1989 a cross-sectional serological survey was conducted on 884 residents of paraguay to obtain data on the prevalence of antibodies to human t-cell leukemia virus type i/ii (htlv-i/ii). sera from 8/884 individuals (0.9%) were positive, confirmed by western blotting and radioimmunoprecipitation (ripa). this study shows that htlv-i/ii is very rare (or absent) among the general (healthy) population (0/338) and ethnic japanese (0/227) in paraguay. however, it can be d ... | 1992 | 1354886 |
| a seroepidemiological study of htlv-1 infection in nepal. | a seroepidemiological survey of antibodies to human t-lymphotropic retrovirus type-1 (htlv-1) was carried out among 413 residents of chitwan, dhapakhel and katmandu in nepal. donor screening was first carried out by the gelatin particle agglutination (pa) tests and positive sera were retested by an improved pa test, indirect immunofluorescence (if) and western blotting (wb). nine sera showed positive reaction in the first pa screening. among these positive sera, 1 serum was positive in the impro ... | 1992 | 1354887 |
| immunopathogenesis of htlv. | | 1992 | 1355347 |
| detection of human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, type ii, in a patient with large granular lymphocyte leukemia. | we studied a patient with large granular lymphocyte (lgl) leukemia for evidence of human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (htlv) infection. serum from this patient was positive for htlv-i/ii antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and was confirmed positive in western blot and radioimmunoprecipitation assays. results of a synthetic peptide-based elisa showed that the seropositivity was caused by htlv-ii and not htlv-i infection. analyses of enzymatic amplification of dna from bone ... | 1992 | 1355373 |
| [significance of anti-htlv-i antibody in cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis of htlv-i associated myelopathy (ham)]. | anti-htlv-i antibody was measured in 69 cerebrospinal fluids (csfs) of cases with typical htlv-i associated myelopathy (ham) and other disorders whose symptoms were similar to ham in order to evaluate the diagnostic significance of anti-htlv-i antibody in csf. both gelatin particle agglutination (pa; serodia-atla) method and recombinant gag-env hybrid protein coated elisa were employed simultaneously. antibody titers of both methods showed linear correlation. cases with typical ham (24 cases) an ... | 1992 | 1355573 |
| prevention of hiv-2 and siv infections in cynomolgus macaques by prophylactic treatment with 3'-fluorothymidine. | the aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) for in vivo evaluation of antiviral drugs in monkeys and to study if prophylactic treatment with 3'-fluorothymidine (flt) could prevent infection against a low challenge dose of hiv-2 or simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). protection against infection was assessed by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) on monkey peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) as well as by antibody and ... | 1992 | 1355658 |
| htlv-i antibody study in normal individuals and unselected hospital patients in malaysia. | a serological investigation for human t cell leukemia virus i (htlv-i) infection was carried out at the university hospital, kuala lumpur. a total of 626 sera from a non-patient population and 1,038 sera from unselected in-patients were screened for htlv-i antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). 27/1664 (1.6%) were found to be reactive. however, on western blotting, only 2 sera were confirmed positive, both showing reactions for the major core (p19 and p24) and the envelop ... | 1992 | 1355930 |
| detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in brain tissue. | infection due to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) type 2 is believed to cause a clinical picture similar to that of hiv-1, although extensive data are not available. in 2 patients with west african exposure and neurologic symptoms, hiv-2 was detected in the central nervous system using dna and rna polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistology. in the first patient, the neurologic disease was most likely due to productive infection with hiv-2. in the second, a combinatio ... | 1992 | 1356128 |
| evaluation of a new generation synthetic peptide combination assay for detection of antibodies to hiv-1, hiv-2, htlv-i, and htlv-ii simultaneously. | a new generation combination test (detect-plus, iaf biochem, montreal, canada) based on synthetic peptides for hiv-1, hiv-2, htlv-i, and htlv-ii was compared with three routine commercial screening assays and confirmatory assays to determine its sensitivity and specificity and to evaluate it as a substitute screening method. samples from 356 sexually transmitted disease (std) patients were tested by the four screening tests. all initially reactive samples were retested in duplicate by the corres ... | 1992 | 1357083 |
| chromosomal localization of htlv-1 viral integration sites using in situ hybridization: detection of a novel il2r fragment. | the presence of human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv-1) in patients with adult t-cell leukemia (atl) was investigated by southern blotting and in situ hybridization. in all seven patients, htlv-1 provirus was detected. a large and variable number of labeled restriction fragments were observed, indicating multiple integrations. two of the patients analyzed by in situ hybridization had two, while the third patient had three, sites of viral integration on six different chromosomes, suggesting random i ... | 1992 | 1357540 |
| hiv-2 prevalence in three rural regions of sénégal: low levels and heterogeneous distribution. | | 1992 | 1357787 |
| a case of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma, histologically presenting cd30-positive large cell lymphoma. | a 48-year-old japanese woman with adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma (atll), histologically presenting cd30-positive large cell lymphoma is reported. the patient, who was from an atll endemic area in japan, had cutaneous nodules in the head, trunk, and extremities, and cervical lymph node swelling; these had been found three months before her admission to our hospital. a biopsy specimen of a skin lesion showed diffuse large cell lymphoma; the lymphoma cells were positively stained with cd30 (ki-1/be ... | 1992 | 1357917 |
| retrovirus infections in the south of cameroon. | the results of a national hiv seroprevalence survey carried out in 1986/87 showed a 1% hiv seroprevalence in the south of cameroon, which is higher than in the other regions of the country. we here demonstrate the presence of htlv-i infections in the south of cameroon with possible clustering of infection in some villages. some evidence suggestive of the presence of htlv-ii was obtained. sera from patients with onchocerciasis did not react on htlv testing. no htlv associated haematological or ne ... | 1992 | 1358039 |
| retroviruses and nervous system disease. | during the past decade retroviruses have been recognized as causes of human neurological disease. a wide clinical spectrum of neurological and neuromuscular diseases have been reported with hiv infections, and studies of these diseases have raised novel and exciting hypotheses of pathogenesis. as yet the full clinical spectrum of diseases associated with htlv-1 has yet to be defined, and the pathogenesis of the chronic spastic paraparesis remains a mystery. chronic neurological diseases in anima ... | 1992 | 1358298 |
| human t cell leukemia virus-i carriers and gonarthrosis. a preliminary report. | gonarthrosis in 11 human t cell leukemia virus-1 (htlv-i) carriers were studied for sera, synovial fluids (sf) and cerebrospinal fluids (csf). atypical lymphocytes similar to adult t cell leukemia cells were noticed in the sf of all the htlv-i carriers and ranged from 19 to 1%, while those of peripheral white blood cells ranged from 3 to 0%. anti-htlv-i antibodies in the sf were equal to or lower than those in the sera. the csf from 7 of them demonstrated positive titers of anti-htlv-i antibodie ... | 1992 | 1359138 |
| htlv-i and htlv-ii tax trans-activate the human egr-1 promoter through different cis-acting sequences. | the immediate-early response gene, egr-1, encodes a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that is involved in growth and differentiation of a variety of cell types. egr-1 is induced in normal t cells following mitogenic stimulation and has recently been shown to be constitutively expressed in human t-cell leukemia virus type i (htlv-i)- and type ii (htlv-ii)-transformed t-cell lines. the trans-activating protein of htlv-i, tax, has been demonstrated to trans-activate promoters of a number ... | 1992 | 1359492 |
| [detection of antibodies against t-cell lymphotropic virus htlv-i/ii in cuban patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis]. | | 1992 | 1359655 |
| characterization of a b-cell immunodominant epitope of human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-i) envelope gp46. | the immune response elicited by a synthetic peptide derived from an immunodominant external envelope region (env-5, amino acids 242-257) of human t-lymphotropic virus type 1 (htlv-i) was tested in a rabbit model of htlv-i infection. the synthetic peptide elicited a strong antibody response to the htlv-i envelope protein gp46; however, these antibodies failed to inhibit htlv-i-mediated cell fusion. immunized rabbits were not protected from htlv-i infection as determined by seroconversion to viral ... | 1992 | 1360328 |
| [polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in microbiology. value and practical applications]. | the gene amplification reaction (pcr) developed in 1985 is a molecular biology instrument which is used to amplify genomic restriction fragment lengths of micro-organisms found in biological samples. at the moment, its applications to direct microbiological diagnosis remain to be determined precisely, and its strict technique is awaiting standardization. however, it is a powerful tool for molecular typing used to follow up an antiviral therapy or to analyse retrospectively paraffin-embedded tiss ... | 1992 | 1360661 |
| differential diagnosis of htlv-i-associated myelopathy and multiple sclerosis in iranian patients. | two iranian patients with chronic progressive spastic paraparesis and urinary dysfunction were referred to our hospital with the presumptive diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (ms). routine csf analysis and magnetic resonance imaging of the two patients were only partially characteristic of ms. testing for antibodies to human t-cell leukemia virus type i [htlv-i] in serum using a radioimmune precipitation assay revealed antibodies to htlv-i in both patients. the infection with htlv-i was confirmed ... | 1992 | 1361867 |
| negative seroactivity to htlv-1 in sephardic jews and arabs with behçet's disease. | | 1992 | 1362780 |
| a sero-epidemiological study on mother-to-child transmission of htlv-i in southern kyushu, japan. | in vertical transmission of htlv-i the duration of breast-feeding seems to be an important risk factor. in this study, we made prospective and retrospective surveys on the rate of vertical transmission of htlv-i in infants and their siblings born to htlv-i seropositive mothers. the results obtained were as follows. (1) in the prospective study, 885 of the 16,283 pregnant women examined were htlv-i seropositive, and the seropositive rate was 5.4%. the seroconversion rates of short-term (< 7 month ... | 1992 | 1362873 |
| demonstration of htlv-related proviral dna sequences and antibodies reactive with htlv internal proteins in an hungarian patient with sézary syndrome. | dna sequences distantly related to the proviral dna of htlv-i were found in the leukemic cells of a hungarian patient suffering from sézary syndrome. serum samples from the patient contained antibodies reactive with the internal core polypeptides of htlv-i and htlv-ii, but not with the env gene encoded type-specific htlv antigens. the husband and daughter of the patient also had antibodies of the same specificity. these findings suggest the presence of a virus distantly related to htlv-i and htl ... | 1992 | 1362917 |
| [recent advances in the etiopathology of chronic b-lymphocytic leukemia]. | considerations to multistep development of b-lymphocytic chronic leukaemia are presented under the following aspects: experimental in vitro cultures of bone marrows b lymphocyte precursors, polyclonal nature of proliferating b lymphocytes in the early stage of cll, especially in the autoimmune status, the role of viruses, the effect of nonrandom chromosome abnormalities and associated alterations in gene functions, clonal evolution during terminal stages of cll. | 1992 | 1363442 |
| viral contamination of therapeutic proteins: a challenge for downstream processing. | | 1991 | 1369328 |
| segregation of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i and ii infections by antibody reactivity to unique viral epitopes. | a recombinant protein of the human t cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) gp46 outer membrane envelope, mta-4 (residues 129-203), reacted by western blot with sera from htlv-i-infected individuals from the united states and jamaica but not with 24 (10%) of 242 japanese sera. a related gp46 recombinant protein, mta-1 (residues 162-209), reacted with all 58 sera from htlv-i-infected us and jamaican individuals and 238 of 242 sera from infected japanese (combined sensitivity of 99%). neither rec ... | 1992 | 1370526 |
| concomitant augmentation of cd4+ cd29+ helper inducer and diminution of cd4+ cd45ra+ suppressor inducer subset in patients infected with human t cell lymphotropic virus types i or ii. | to examine the immunomodulatory effects of htlv infection, lymphocyte subset analysis was performed on patients infected with human t cell lymphotropic virus type-i (htlv-i, n = 6) or -ii (htlv-ii, n = 12) and on normal blood donors (n = 16). the percentages of total b lymphocytes (cd19), natural killer (nk) cells (cd16), t lymphocytes and their subsets (cd2, cd3, cd4, cd5, cd7, cd8), and il-2r (cd25) were found to be within the range found in normal donors. however, the expression of cd8+ hla-d ... | 1992 | 1370929 |
| monoclonal antibodies and chemiluminescence immunoassay for detection of the surface protein of human t-cell lymphotropic virus. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against human t-cell lymphotropic virus type i (htlv-i) recognized five distinct antigenic domains of viral env gene-encoded proteins. by using recombinant env proteins and synthetic peptides as mapping antigens, it was determined that the most immunogenic region represented a central portion of the retroviral surface protein (domain 2; amino acids 165 to 191). however, only a single mab was able to react strongly with native viral proteins. this antibody (clo ... | 1992 | 1371516 |
| human t lymphotropic virus types i- and ii-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity: strain specificity and epitope mapping. | antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (adcc) against human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) types i and ii was investigated using sera obtained from infected individuals or from rabbits immunized with htlv-i or -ii envelope peptides. target cells included an htlv-i-transformed cell line (c91/pl), an htlv-ii-transformed cell line (729ph6neo), and epstein barr virus (ebv)-transformed b lymphocytes expressing htlv-i or -ii env or gag gene products after infection with vaccinia/htlv recombinants. adcc ... | 1992 | 1373751 |
| detection of viral surface antigens on hiv-2ben infected human tumor cell lines by flow cytometry. | the human monocytic cell line u-937 clone 2 and two t-cell lines cem and molt-4 clone 8 were infected with hiv-2ben, a recent isolate of hiv-2. infection and subsequent antigen expression on the cell surface was monitored by flow cytometry using a rabbit-anti-serum against tween-ether-treated hiv-2ben and a fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated igg against rabbit-igg. the sensitivity of the three cell lines to infection with hiv-2ben correlated with the percentages of cd4-expressing cells but no ... | 1992 | 1374306 |
| identification of new epitopes recognized by human monoclonal antibodies with neutralizing and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities specific for human t cell leukemia virus type 1. | we have generated a number of ebv-transformed b cell lines producing human mab against human t cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) from the peripheral blood b lymphocytes obtained from patients with htlv-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. various synthetic peptides corresponding to antigenic regions of htlv-1 gag and env proteins were used for the screening of antibodies in elisa. in our study, four igg mab to the gag p19 amino acids 100 to 130, and 5 igg mab to the env p46 am ... | 1992 | 1378869 |
| the first decade of human retroviruses: a nomenclature for the clinician. | the decade of the 1980s has provided at least 10 terms for human retroviruses, of which five are currently recognized as defining distinct human infectious disease agents. of these five, three are human t-cell lymphotropic viruses (htlv-i, htlv-ii, htlv-v) and two are human immunodeficiency viruses (hiv-1, hiv-2). hiv-1 and hiv-2 can cause the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), whereas htlv-i, htlv-ii, and htlv-v do not. htlv-i can cause a t-cell leukemia/lymphoma as well as a progressiv ... | 1991 | 1660967 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus infection among blood donors in south florida. the transfusion safety study group. | knowledge of the epidemiologic pattern of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) in the united states is being enlarged by blood donor screening. we tested stored sera from 29,937 donations made in south florida in 1984-1985. twenty-three donors were confirmed as seropositive, a prevalence of 0.8 per 1,000 donations. specificity was supported by serologic retesting and virus culture of 11 donors located for follow-up. sex- and age-specific prevalences did not differ significantly; blacks, however, ac ... | 1991 | 1670589 |
| antibody to human retroviruses among drug users in three east coast american cities, 1972-1976. | between 1972 and 1976, 585 persons attending methadone maintenance clinics at east coast veterans hospitals were enrolled in a survey of hepatitis antibody prevalence. sera were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and human t lymphotropic virus (htlv) using both htlv-i and htlv-ii immunoblots. clinical and death records were also reviewed. none of the sera had hiv antibodies (upper 95% confidence limit, 0.5%); however, 103 (18%) had reactivity to htlv. the profile of reactivity suggest ... | 1991 | 1670608 |
| leukaemia of novel gastrointestinal t-lymphocyte population infected with htlv-i. | in a 72-year-old man with watery diarrhoea and leukocytosis the proliferation of abnormal cells was studied in specimens obtained by endoscopic biopsy of the gastrointestinal tract. flow cytometry of leukaemia cells revealed a monoclonal expansion of "double-negative" (cd4-, cd8-) cells bearing t-cell receptor (tcr) alpha beta products. southern blotting confirmed monoclonal integration of htlv-i. a novel t-cell subset of double-negative tcr alpha beta cells in the gastrointestinal tract in adul ... | 1991 | 1670727 |
| the role of htlv in hiv-1 neurologic disease. | we performed a serologic survey for antibodies to htlv-i/ii in the course of a longitudinal study of the neurologic complications of hiv-1 infection. nine (3.7%) of 242 hiv-1 seropositive subjects and none of 60 hiv-1 seronegative control subjects had antibodies to htlv-i/ii by elisa. western blot and polymerase chain reaction confirmed the presence of htlv-i in 2 subjects and htlv-ii infection in 2 others. both hiv-1/htlv-i coinfected subjects and 1 hiv-1/htlv-ii coinfected subject had a slowly ... | 1991 | 1671529 |
| immune function and anti-htlv-i/ii status in anti-hiv-1-negative intravenous drug users receiving methadone. | the study objective was to evaluate the effects of long-term methadone use and human t-cell leukemia virus (htlv) types i and ii seropositivity on the distribution of lymphocyte subsets and on lymphocyte function as measured in vitro in intravenous drug users seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). | 1991 | 1671730 |
| retroviral sequences related to human t-lymphotropic virus type ii in patients with chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome. | chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (cfids) is a recently recognized illness characterized by debilitating fatigue as well as immunological and neurological abnormalities [straus, s.e. (1988) j. inf. dis. 157, 405-412]. once thought to be caused by epstein-barr virus, it is now thought to have a different but unknown etiology. we evaluated 30 adult and pediatric cfids patients from six eastern states for the presence of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv) types i and ii by western immunobl ... | 1991 | 1672770 |
| the donation and sale of blood by intravenous drug users. | in spite of efforts to dissuade intravenous drug users (ivdus) from donating or selling blood, some continue to do so. as part of a longitudinal study, 915 ivdus in south florida were interviewed concerning their history of donation or sale of blood and tested for antibodies to hiv-1 and htlv-i/ii. approximately 17 percent had either donated or sold blood during 1985 through 1988; most contributors (80.4 percent) sold to commercial blood services. ivdus who had donated/sold blood were more likel ... | 1991 | 1673049 |
| human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma viruses. life cycle, pathogenicity, epidemiology, and diagnosis. | human t-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type i (htlv-i) was discovered in 1980, and it subsequently was found to be the cause of adult t-cell leukemia/lymphoma. a progressive neurologic disease known as tropical spastic paraparesis, or htlv-i-associated myelopathy, has also been linked to infection with htlv-i. a related virus, htlv type ii (htlv-ii), has been isolated from patients with hairy-cell leukemia, but it has not been proved to be the cause of any disease. in late 1988, us blood banks beg ... | 1991 | 1673595 |
| [hiv infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. i]. | this is the first of three articles on aids, in which the story of hiv infection, its etiology and pathogenesis, its pathology and clinical features, and finally its hygienic-prophylactic measures will be reviewed in the light of our present knowledge. although the subject has been amply illustrated by many writers, it has been deemed useful to review it in this journal in order to present readers with an account of what is known so far and what must be the subject of further rapidly evolving re ... | 1991 | 1675167 |
| rheumatic manifestations in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus type 2 infection. | | 1991 | 1675851 |
| [possible long-term prognosis in epidemiologically significant virus infections]. | the long-range prognosis of viral diseases must be assessed differently according to their geographical occurrence. the genetic disposition, environmental factors and additional infectious diseases play a decisive part here. vaccinations are the most important measures in the prevention of these infections. the spectrum of possible chemotherapeutic intervention for viral infectious diseases is very small, which usually makes specific treatment impossible. the most important infective viruses epi ... | 1991 | 1676199 |
| hiv-2 infection in hospitalized patients in bissau, guinea-bissau. | during 11 months in 1989-1990, 1009 consecutive hospitalized adult patients admitted to the medical wards of the national hospital in bissau were interviewed, examined clinically, and tested for antibodies to hiv-1 and hiv-2. the prevalence of hiv-2 infection was 20.4% (206 out of 1009) and of hiv-2-associated aids 4.4% (44 out of 1009). hiv-2 infection was more frequent in women (25%, 110 out of 440) than in men (16.9%, 96 out of 569). hiv-1 infection was diagnosed in one patient only, and one ... | 1991 | 1676277 |
| a study of adult t-cell leukemia virus (atlv) infection in the field of obstetrics: its epidemiology, vertical transmission and familial clustering. | nine hundred and seventy-one healthy individuals in iwate prefecture, 659 pregnant women in ishigaki island, 487 pregnant women in chiba prefecture and 108 familial members of the atla-ab-positive pregnant women (pregnant carrier women) were tested for atla-ab by the pa, eia and wb tests. 1) the rate of agreement of eia with the pa test was 88.4% and there were no false negative sera by both examinations. these results indicate the both tests are available for mass screening. 2) in iwate and chi ... | 1991 | 1676586 |
| human t-cell leukemia virus infection in non-intravenous drug using hiv seropositive men in los angeles. | sera from 634 homosexual men with western blot-confirmed human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection were subjected to radioimmunoprecipation assay (ripa) using an htlv-i-infected human t-cell line (slb-i). sera obtained from japanese adult t-cell leukemia patients, noninfected healthy individuals served as positive and negative controls. hiv-infected groups were comprised of asymptomatic homosexuals (n = 131), aids-related complex (n = 115), kaposi's sarcoma (n = 300), aids-defining opportunis ... | 1991 | 1676593 |
| immunologic correlates of spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation in human t-lymphotropic virus infection. | previously we showed that mononuclear cells from about half of human t-lymphotropic virus (htlv)-seropositive persons exhibit spontaneous proliferation in vitro. we sought to determine if proliferation was associated with other immunologic changes characteristic of htlv infection. the parameters assessed were (1) percentages of lymphocytes expressing cd4 and/or cd25 (interleukin-2 receptor), (2) serum levels of soluble cd25, (3) serostatus for other viruses, (4) anti-htlv antibody levels, and (5 ... | 1991 | 1676916 |
| human retroviruses: a decade of discovery and link with human disease. | | 1991 | 1677372 |
| constitutive production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha from spontaneously proliferating t cells in patients with human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-i/ii. | the human t-cell lymphotropic viruses (htlv) type i and type ii are capable of inducing a variety of cellular genes, including many of the cytokines that regulate cell proliferation. to determine if the spontaneous proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients infected with htlv-i and htlv-ii was related to coordinate expression of cytokines, we analyzed the levels of interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta), il-2, il-3, il-4, il-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and interfero ... | 1991 | 1677595 |
| prevention of hiv-2 and sivsm infection by passive immunization in cynomolgus monkeys. | infection of macaques with simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) and human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) are useful models for studies of immunotherapy and vaccination against hiv as well as for testing of antiviral drugs. vaccine research showing protective immunity in immunized monkeys has indicated that it will be possible to develop a vaccine for prevention of human hiv infection, although many hurdles remain. the design of an hiv vaccine would be helped if the basis of the protective ... | 1991 | 1677743 |
| persistent infection of baboons and rhesus monkeys with different strains of hiv-2. | hiv-2 infection of eight rhesus macaques and two baboons was studied. most animals were preselected for hiv-2 inoculation by testing their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) for susceptibility to virus isolates from the ivory coast. the virus strains used (hiv-2uc2, hiv-2uc3, and hiv-2uc7) were also chosen by in vitro screening in pbmc for high replicating ability and cytopathicity. all the animals seroconverted within 2-4 weeks of infection and remained seropositive throughout the durati ... | 1991 | 1678564 |
| laboratory diagnosis of retroviral infections. | the molecular biology techniques that were once the exclusive domain of the basic researcher are now becoming apparent within the diagnostic laboratory. techniques that can detect and quantify the specific genes of retroviruses without the need for radioactive compounds are becoming a reality. in addition, they are rapidly being applied to other viral and nonviral infectious diseases. for the present, techniques that detect the presence of antiretroviral antibodies are the front-line tests for s ... | 1991 | 1678688 |
| nf-kappa b activity in t cells stably expressing the tax protein of human t cell lymphotropic virus type i. | the effect of constitutive tax expression on the interaction of nf-kappa b with its recognition sequence and on nf-kappa b-dependent gene expression was examined in t lymphoid jurkat cell lines (19d and 9j) stably transformed with a tax expression vector. tax expressing t cell lines contained a constitutive level of nf-kappa b binding activity, detectable by mobility shift assay and uv cross-linking using a palindromic nf-kappa b probe homologous to the interferon beta prdii site. in jurkat and ... | 1991 | 1679576 |
| specific synthetic peptides for detection of and discrimination between hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection. | a panel of highly purified synthetic oligopeptides representing defined parts of the gag and env proteins of hiv-1 and hiv-2 were used as antigens in elisa for serodiagnosis of hiv-1 and hiv-2 infection. the analysis included sera from 321 hiv-infected patients and 201 healthy controls from the ivory coast, where the prevalence is high for both hiv-1 and hiv-2, and sera from european hiv-1-infected individuals. all sera from hiv-1-infected individuals reacted with a 20 amino acid (a.a.) peptide ... | 1991 | 1679844 |
| human retroviruses in nhl. | | 1991 | 1679859 |