| morphologic and genetic characterization of onchocerca lupi infecting dogs. | in the past decades, sporadic cases of ocular onchocerca infection have been reported in canids in us and europe. the present study was undertaken to provide a detailed description of the morphologic characteristics of adults and microfilariae and to characterize the 5s ribosomal rrna gene (5s rdna) spacer sequences of onchocerca lupi causing canine onchocercosis. the morphology of o. lupi is unique within the genus, and morphology based cluster analysis indicates that o. lupi is not closely rel ... | 2001 | 11731074 |
| electron microscopic and molecular identification of wolbachia endosymbionts from onchocerca lupi: implications for therapy. | it was recently demonstrated that wolbachia intracellular bacteria (alpha 2 proteobacteria, rickettsiales) living in filarial nematodes are obligatory symbionts of their hosts. herein, we report the electron microscopic and 16s ribosomal dna-based (16s rdna) identification of the endobacteria harboring in onchocerca lupi. the worm nodules containing the nematodes were removed from three hungarian dogs naturally infected with o. lupi. wolbachia-like endobacteria were detected by electron microsco ... | 2002 | 11992713 |
| subconjunctival zoonotic onchocerciasis in man: aberrant infection with onchocerca lupi? | in the past few decades, 10 cases of cryptic, zoonotic onchocerciasis, including two subconjunctival infections, have been reported in man. in the majority of cases, onchocerca cervicalis, o. gutturosa or o. dewittei, which normally infect horses, cattle and wild boar, respectively, were responsible for the lesions. however, the taxonomic status of the parasites involved in the two subconjunctival infections, both of which were european, has never been unambiguously determined. in such infection ... | 2002 | 12194710 |
| molecular phylogenetic analysis of onchocerca lupi and its wolbachia endosymbiont. | the morphology of onchocerca lupi, responsible for canine ocular onchocercosis, is unique within the genus. earlier analyses of the 5s ribosomal rna gene spacer region sequence of the parasite and the 16s ribosomal rna gene sequence of its wolbachia endosymbiotic bacteria (rickettsiales) supported the morphological and biological arguments that o. lupi is a distinct species. however, the exact phylogenetic position of o. lupi and its endosymbiont could not be unambiguously determined. herein we ... | 2002 | 12208043 |
| onchocercosis: a newly recognized disease in dogs. | in the past 15 years, onchocercosis has been reported with increasing frequency in dogs in europe and the united states, and 64 cases have been described so far. according to some authors, the onchocerca sp. responsible for canine cases spills over from domestic or wild ungulates into dogs. however, canine onchocerca does not match any of the descriptions for species of onchocerca reported from domesticated and wild animals in europe or north america. the nucleotide sequences of canine onchocerc ... | 2008 | 17951007 |
| a case of canine ocular onchocercosis in portugal. | onchocercosis is a newly recognized disease in dogs that has been reported with higher frequency in europe and in the united states. we report a case of a 3-year-old male mongrel stray dog from the algarve region (south portugal) who had a retrobulbar granuloma containing a filaroid nematode of the genus onchocerca. a gravid adult female parasite was embedded in a granulomatous inflammation adjacent to the sclera beyond the retina. the parasite was 191 to 267 mum in diameter (mean = 225 mum), su ... | 2010 | 20447031 |
| case report: first evidence of human zoonotic infection by onchocerca lupi (spirurida, onchocercidae). | in the past decades, cases of canine ocular onchocercosis have been reported worldwide, particularly in the united states and europe. onchocerca lupi, originally described from a wolf, has been implicated in some of these cases, and its zoonotic role has been hypothesized on the basis of the reexamination of two cases of human ocular onchocerciasis. in the present study, we describe, for the first time, the occurrence of o. lupi in the subconjunctival region of the human eye in a patient from tu ... | 2011 | 21212202 |
| Onchocerca lupi causing ocular disease in two cats. | Although canine ocular onchocerciasis has been well described as an emerging pathogen of dogs in Europe and North America over the past 20 years, there are no previous reports of feline ocular onchocerciasis. This report details the clinical, histopathologic, and molecular diagnosis of two domestic short hair cats residing in the United States infected with Onchocerca lupi causing episcleritis and orbital cellulitis. The results of this report suggest that O. lupi is a newly recognized disease o ... | 2011 | 21923832 |
| canine ocular onchocercosis in the united states is associated with onchocerca lupi. | canine ocular onchocerciasis has a worldwide distribution and has been associated in europe with onchocerca lupi based on morphologic and molecular analysis. in the united states, canine ocular onchocerciasis is reportedly associated with onchocerca lienalis. this association is based solely on histopathologic examination of ocular tissues. the purpose of this study was to use molecular analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded canine ocular tissue to determine the genetic identity of onchoc ... | 2012 | 23276598 |
| vector-borne helminths of dogs and humans in europe. | presently, 45% of the total human population of europe, as well as their domestic and companion animals, are exposed to the risk of vector-borne helminths (vbh) causing diseases. a plethora of intrinsic biological and extrinsic factors affect the relationship among helminths, vectors and animal hosts, in a constantly changing environment. although canine dirofilarioses by dirofilaria immitis and dirofilaria repens are key examples of the success of vbh spreading into non-endemic areas, another e ... | 2013 | 23324440 |
| tracking the vector of onchocerca lupi in a rural area of greece. | during a hot mediterranean summer, an expedition brought parasitologists from brazil, france, greece, italy, and serbia to a wooded area near xanthi, thrace, northeastern greece, near the turkish border, on the track of the vector of the little-known nematode onchocerca lupi. the scientific purposes of the expedition blended then with stories of humans, animals, and parasites in this rural area. | 0 | 22709878 |
| cutaneous distribution and circadian rhythm of onchocerca lupi microfilariae in dogs. | among the arthropod-borne nematodes infesting dogs, onchocerca lupi (spirurida: onchocercidae) is of increasing zoonotic concern, with new human cases of infection diagnosed in turkey, tunisia, iran and the usa. knowledge of the biology of this nematode is meagre. this study aimed at assessing the distribution and periodicity of o. lupi microfilariae from different body regions in naturally infested dogs. | 2013 | 24349594 |
| paramyosin of canine onchocerca lupi: usefulness for the diagnosis of a neglected zoonotic disease. | of increasing importance to the medical and veterinary communities is the zoonotic filarioid nematode onchocerca lupi. onchocercosis, thus far found in wolves, dogs, cats and humans, is diagnosed via skin snips to detect microfilariae and surgical removal of adults from the eye of the host. these methods are time-consuming, laborious and invasive, highlighting the need for new tools for the diagnosis of o. lupi in susceptible hosts. symptoms related to the presence of the adults in the eye can r ... | 2016 | 27604904 |
| filarioids infecting dogs in northeastern brazil. | species of filarial nematodes belonging to the genera dirofilaria and acanthocheilonema are recognised as common parasites of dogs throughout the world. recently, other filarioids featured by the presence of dermal microfilariae (e.g., onchocerca lupi and cercopithifilaria spp.) have been recognised in europe. in brazil, reports of filarioids in dogs are limited to dirofilaria immitis, acanthocheilonema reconditum and cercopithifilaria bainae. to investigate the distribution of filarial infectio ... | 2016 | 27514878 |
| the role of wild canids and felids in spreading parasites to dogs and cats in europe. part ii: helminths and arthropods. | over the last few decades, ecological factors, combined with everchanging landscapes mainly linked to human activities (e.g. encroachment and tourism) have contributed to modifications in the transmission of parasitic diseases from domestic to wildlife carnivores and vice versa. in the first of this two-part review article, we have provided an account of diseases caused by protozoan parasites characterised by a two-way transmission route between domestic and wild carnivore species. in this secon ... | 2015 | 26049678 |
| ocular filariasis in us residents, returning travelers, and expatriates. | several factors acting in concert now place us residents, returning travelers, and expatriates at risks of contracting ocular filariasis including increasing seroprevalence rates of zoonotic filariasis, international travel bringing tourists to and expatriates from filariasis-endemic regions, and warming temperatures extending distribution ranges of arthropod vectors. to describe the epidemiology and outcomes of ocular filariasis and to recommend strategies for the diagnosis, management, and pre ... | 2016 | 27159510 |
| human ocular filariasis: further evidence on the zoonotic role of onchocerca lupi. | among ocular vector-borne pathogens, onchocerca volvulus, the agent of the so-called "river blindness", affects about 37 million people globally. other onchocerca spp. have been sporadically reported as zoonotic agents. cases of canine onchocerciasis caused by onchocerca lupi are on the rise in the united states and europe. its zoonotic role has been suspected but only recently ascertained in a single case from turkey. the present study provides further evidence on the occurrence of o. lupi infe ... | 2012 | 22541132 |
| whence river blindness? the domestication of mammals and host-parasite co-evolution in the nematode genus onchocerca. | the genus onchocerca includes 34 described species and represents one of the largest genera of the filarial nematodes within the family onchocercidae. representative members of this genus are mainly parasites of ungulates, with some exceptions such as onchocerca lupi and onchocerca volvulus, infecting carnivores and/or humans. for a long time, the evolutionary relationships amongst onchocercids remained poorly studied, as the systematics of this genus was impaired by the high morphological varia ... | 2017 | 28344097 |
| filarial infection caused by onchocerca boehmi (supperer, 1953) in a horse from italy. | equids can be infected by a range of skin-dwelling filarial nematodes, including four species of the genus onchocerca. current literature on equine onchocercosis is fragmentary and often limited to isolated case reports. the present study aimed to describe a clinical case of equine onchocercosis caused by onchocerca boehmi (supperer, 1953) (syn. elaeophora boehmi) in an 8-year-old gelding belgian show jumper from northern italy. the horse was presented with a firm and painless mass on the proxim ... | 2017 | 27761717 |
| canine ocular onchocerciasis: a retrospective review of the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of 16 cases in new mexico (2011-2015). | to describe the clinical exam findings, treatment and outcomes of 16 dogs diagnosed with ocular onchocerciasis in new mexico. | 2016 | 27624855 |
| onchocerca lupi nematodes in dogs exported from the united states into canada. | the onchocerca lupi nematode is an emerging helminth capable of infecting pets and humans. we detected this parasite in 2 dogs that were imported into canada from the southwestern united states, a region to which this nematode is endemic. we discuss risk for establishment of o. lupi in canada. | 2016 | 27434170 |
| first detection of onchocerca lupi infection in dogs in southern spain. | onchocerca lupi causes ocular pathology of varying severity in dogs from south-western united states, western europe and northern asia. this filarioid has also been recognized as a zoonotic agent in tunisia, turkey, iran and the usa, though the information about the biology and epidemiology of this infection is largely unknown. in europe, o. lupi has been reported in dogs from germany, greece, hungary, portugal and romania and in a cat from portugal. the present study was designed to establish t ... | 2016 | 27193758 |
| aberrant laryngeal location of onchocerca lupi in a dog. | onchocerca lupi (spirurida, onchocercidae) is an emerging vector-borne helminth that causes nodular lesions associated with acute or chronic ocular disease in dogs and cats. since its first description in dogs in 1991, this zoonotic filarioid has been increasingly reported in europe and the united states. an 8-year-old outdoor mixed-breed female dog from the algarve (southern portugal) was presented with a history of severe dyspnoea. cervical and thoracic radiographs revealed a slight reduction ... | 2016 | 26732654 |
| the emergence of zoonotic onchocerca lupi infection in the united states--a case-series. | this case-series describes the 6 human infections with onchocerca lupi, a parasite known to infect cats and dogs, that have been identified in the united states since 2013. unlike cases reported outside the country, the american patients have not had subconjunctival nodules but have manifested more invasive disease (eg, spinal, orbital, and subdermal nodules). diagnosis remains challenging in the absence of a serologic test. treatment should be guided by what is done for onchocerca volvulus as t ... | 2016 | 26611778 |
| onchocerca lupi nematode in cat, portugal. | | 2015 | 26584050 |
| zoonotic ocular onchocercosis caused by onchocerca lupi in dogs in romania. | onchocerca lupi is a filarial nematode, which infects the scleral conjunctival tissue of dogs, wolves and cats. whilst adult nematodes localize in the conjunctive tissue of sclera or in the retrobulbar, microfilariae are found in the skin, and they are rarely diagnosed in asymptomatic animals. since the first report of human ocular infection 5 years ago, up to 10 zoonotic cases have been identified in patients worldwide. we report, for the first time in romania, three cases of canine ocular onch ... | 2016 | 26561013 |
| letter to the editor: onchocerca lupi infection. | | 2016 | 26451719 |
| onchocerciasis caused by onchocerca lupi: an emerging zoonotic infection. systematic review. | globalization has increased circulation of people, their food, livestock and pets in the world, and changes in the environment, climate and human behaviour have led to the rapid expansion of emerging infections throughout the world. one of the reasons of a new pathogen affecting humans is the passage from an animal to a human being. onchocerca (o.) lupi, a filarial worm first described in a wolf in 1967, is an emerging pathogen which has been incriminated as the etiological agent for 205 canine, ... | 2015 | 25990062 |
| human case of onchocerca lupi infection, germany, august 2014. | onchocerca lupi, a nematode parasite infecting dogs and cats with a hitherto unknown arthropod vector, is also being recognised as a parasite also responsible for human eye infections. here we describe a case of human eye infection diagnosed molecularly by nematode 12s rdna pcr in a german patient who had travelled to tunisia and turkey. the patient recovered after treatment with antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy. | 2015 | 25953271 |
| case report of an epidural cervical onchocerca lupi infection in a 13-year-old boy. | a 13-year-old boy presented with fever and neck pain and stiffness, which was initially misdiagnosed as culture-negative meningitis. magnetic resonance images of the brain and cervical spine demonstrated what appeared to be an intradural extramedullary mass at the c1-3 level, resulting in moderate cord compression, and a chiari type i malformation. the patient underwent a suboccipital craniectomy and a c1-3 laminectomy with intradural exploration for excisional biopsy and resection. the lesion c ... | 2015 | 25932778 |
| intraocular localization of onchocerca lupi adult worm in a dog with anterior uveitis: a case report. | canine ocular onchocercosis may represent an important ocular disease with zoonotic potential and widespread geographical distribution. an uncommon localization of onchocerca lupi adult worm in the anterior chamber of the eye is described for the first time. | 2016 | 25929486 |
| isolation of onchocerca lupi in dogs and black flies, california, usa. | in southern california, ocular infections caused by onchocerca lupi were diagnosed in 3 dogs (1 in 2006, 2 in 2012). the infectious agent was confirmed through morphologic analysis of fixed parasites in tissues and by pcr and sequencing of amplicons derived from 2 mitochondrially encoded genes and 1 nuclear-encoded gene. a nested pcr based on the sequence of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene of the parasite was developed and used to screen simulium black flies collected from southern califor ... | 2015 | 25897954 |
| canine infections with onchocerca lupi nematodes, united states, 2011-2014. | infections with onchocerca lupi nematodes are diagnosed sporadically in the united states. we report 8 cases of canine onchocercosis in minnesota, new mexico, colorado, and florida. identification of 1 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene haplotype identical to 1 of 5 from europe suggests recent introduction of this nematode into the united states. | 2015 | 25897859 |
| clinical case presentation and a review of the literature of canine onchocercosis by onchocerca lupi in the united states. | onchocerca lupi, a filarioid of zoonotic concern, infects dogs and cats causing ocular lesions of different degrees, from minor to severe. however, infected animals do not always display overt clinical signs, rendering the diagnosis of the infection obscure to the majority of veterinarians. canine onchocercosis has been reported in the old world and the information on its occurrence in the united states, as well as its pathogenesis and clinical management is still meagre. this study reports on t ... | 2015 | 25884672 |
| a cervical spine mass caused by onchocerca lupi. | | 2015 | 25843892 |
| image diagnosis of zoonotic onchocercosis by onchocerca lupi. | onchocerca lupi, a zoonotic nematode infecting the eyes of carnivores, has been increasingly reported in dogs from europe and the usa. in order to improve the current status of knowledge on this neglected filarioid, diagnostic imaging tools (i.e., ultrasound scan, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) are herein used to diagnose canine onchocercosis in two dogs, which scored positive for o. lupi microfilariae at the skin snip test and to assess the anatomical location of the nemato ... | 2014 | 24685021 |
| a preliminary investigation of serological tools for the detection of onchocerca lupi infection in dogs. | onchocerca lupi is a neglected filarioid causing nodular lesions associated with acute or chronic ocular disease in dogs. despite the recent appraisal of its zoonotic potential, human cases are increasingly reported in the old and new worlds. therefore, the development of accurate tools for the rapid diagnosis of o. lupi infections in dogs is becoming a priority. in this study, we conducted a preliminary investigation aimed at evaluating the usefulness of a commercially available elisa test for ... | 2014 | 24647986 |
| redescription of onchocerca lupi (spirurida: onchocercidae) with histopathological observations. | onchocerca lupi is a dog parasite of increasing zoonotic concern, with new human cases diagnosed in turkey, tunisia, iran, and the united states. information about the morphology of this nematode is scant and a detailed re-description of this species is overdue. in addition, histopathological data of potential usefulness for the identification of o. lupi infections are provided. | 2013 | 24499611 |
| zoonotic onchocerca lupi infection in dogs, greece and portugal, 2011-2012. | onchocerca lupi infection is reported primarily in symptomatic dogs. we aimed to determine the infection in dogs from areas of greece and portugal with reported cases. of 107 dogs, 9 (8%) were skin snip-positive for the parasite. dna sequences of parasites in specimens from distinct dog populations differed genetically from those in genbank. | 2013 | 24274145 |
| onchocerca lupi infection in turkey: a unique case of a rare human parasite. | onchocerpa lupi was first isolated from a wolf in russia. since then, canine ocular onchocercosis has been increasingly reported, particularly in europe and the united states. it is thought that blackflies and midges are the vectors of transmission, and it is possible that these vectors could transmit the parasite to humans. the first human case of o. lupi in turkey was reported in 2011. in this report we present the third human case of o. lupi infection in turkey. our patient was a 28-year-old ... | 2013 | 23990437 |
| human ocular onchocerciasis caused by onchocerca lupi (spirurida, onchocercidae) in iran. | cases of canine onchocerciasis caused by onchocerca lupi are increasingly reported from europe and the western united states of america. the zoonotic role of this parasite had already been suspected in europe as the clinical signs and histopathology seen in two ocular cases from albania and the crimean region were very similar to those of canine ocular onchocerciasis. in the most recent reports of human onchocerciasis, o. lupi has been morphologically and molecularly identified as the causative ... | 2014 | 23388686 |
| zoonotic onchocerca lupi infection in a 22-month-old child in arizona: first report in the united states and a review of the literature. | a 22-month-old girl presented with neck pain and stiffness and magnetic resonance imaging showed an extradural mass extending from c2 through the c4 level with moderate to severe compression of the cord. a left unilateral c2-c4 laminectomy was performed revealing an extradural rubbery tumor; a small biopsy was obtained. examination of stained tissue revealed the presence of a parasitic worm that was identified as a gravid female onchocerca lupi. a magnetic resonance imaging at 7 weeks follow-up ... | 2013 | 23382171 |
| [new details on the morphology of onchocerca lupi (nematoda, filarioidea)]. | basing on the fragments of typical specimens new details of morphology of o. lupi females are given. the presence of cuticular thickenings in the form of half rings, with the bifurcated or turned ends is stated. on the surface of cuticula of microfilariae there is very delicate regular transversal striation. the morphometrical features of o. lupi with descriptions of close species were compared. | 1991 | 1840402 |