| ultrastructural biology of leishmania (viannia) panamensis (=leishmania braziliensis panamensis) in lutzomyia gomezi (diptera: psychodidae): a natural host-parasite association. | the development of leishmania (viannia) panamensis in a natural sand fly host, lutzomyia gomezi, was studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. new aspects of peripylarian parasite behavior and morphology in the sand fly gut, early bloodmeal stages, and ultrastructural development in the anterior gut were documented. eight distinct morphological forms were observed in the life cycle of the parasite within the insect. in the bloodmeal, amastigotes (1) transformed into stumpy promastig ... | 1989 | 2916730 |
| biology of arboledas virus, a new phlebotomus fever serogroup virus (bunyaviridae: phlebovirus) isolated from sand flies in colombia. | six isolates of a new phlebotomus fever serogroup virus, designated arboledas virus, were obtained from sand flies (lutzomyia spp.) collected in northeastern colombia. one of the isolates was made from a pool of male sand flies. by immunofluorescence, arboledas virus is related to caimito and pacui viruses; by neutralization test, it is distinct. arboledas virus neutralizing antibodies were found in the sera of opossums (didelphis marsupialis) and humans living in the study area. d. marsupialis ... | 1986 | 3024516 |
| vector competence of some neotropical sandflies for the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis complex. | to evaluate the vector competence of some lutzomyia spp. (diptera: psychodidae) for leishmania (viannia) spp. (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), experimental infections of anthropophilic sandflies from the colombian pacific coast were performed, through membrane feeding and xenodiagnosis on hamsters infected with le. (v.)braziliensis or le. (v.)panamensis. wild-caught or f1 generation females of lutzomyia gomezi, lu. hartmanni, lu.panamensis and lu.trapidoi were allowed to feed on hamster lesio ... | 1994 | 8161835 |
| leishmania differentiation in natural and unnatural sand fly hosts. | leishmania differentiation in the gut of phlebotomine sand flies was evaluated based on five light and electron microscopic studies of natural (leishmania panamensis/lutzomyia gomezi, leishmania chagasi/lutzomyia longipalpis) and unnatural (leishmania mexicana/lutzomyia abonnenci, leishmania panamensis/phlebotomus papatasi, leishmania major/lutzomyia longipalpis) life cycles. in the bloodmeal, transformation of amastigotes into stumpy promastigotes occurred before or during division. further div ... | 1993 | 8461893 |
| man-vector contact of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) in north-central venezuela as assessed by blood meal identification using dot-elisa. | human bait is traditionally used to assess man-vector contact, which is a key point in the study of the epidemiology of vector-borne diseases. however, in highly endemic foci, where this method should be avoided, this information could be obtained by blood meal analysis of engorged insects. in the village el ingenio, miranda state, venezuela, lutzomyia ovallesi and lutzomyia gomezi are vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). from june 1994 to march 1995, sand flies were collected inside houses ... | 1998 | 9599320 |
| abundance of lutzomyia ovallesi but not lu. gomezi (diptera: psychodidae) correlated with cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in north-central venezuela. | in north-central venezuela lutzomyia gomezi and lu. ovallesi are the main endophilic/anthropophilic species of phlebotomine sandflies implicated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl). lutzomyia ovallesi has been found infected with leishmania braziliensis (1.2%) and less often with le. mexicana (0.07%), while le. braziliensis infections have also been found in lu. gomezi (0.47%). we investigated population densities of these sandflies using two sampling methods with four series of collectio ... | 1998 | 9622364 |
| detection of leishmania braziliensis in naturally infected individual sandflies by the polymerase chain reaction. | the natural infection of sandflies by leishmania in wild-caught specimens was studied, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-hybridization technique. the pcr was carried out using 2 oligonucleotides (primers 3j1 and 3j2) derived from a repetitive nuclear dna sequence. the primers support the enzymatic amplification of a fragment of approximately 500 bp, present in the nuclear dna of leishmania braziliensis. the expected band was observed in 5 of 65 sandflies containing flagellates. after hyb ... | 1999 | 10492789 |
| leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection in two colombian dogs: a note on infectivity for sand flies and response to treatment. | although canine cutaneous leishmaniasis has been reported in several foci of south america, no published information from colombia is available. | 2006 | 17361862 |
| [analysis of the primary and secondary structure of the mitochondrial serine transfer rna in seven species of lutzomyia]. | lutzomyia sand flies are involved in the transmission of the parasite leishmania spp. in america. the taxonomy of these vectors is traditionally based on morphological features of the adult stage, particularly the paired structures of the head and genitalia. although these characters are useful to distinguish most species of lutzomyia, morphological identification may be complicated by the similarities within subgenera and species group. | 2007 | 18320108 |
| molecular epidemiology of american tegumentary leishmaniasis in panama. | american tegumentary leishmaniasis is an increasing public health problem in panama. this study describes the clinical characteristics and the molecular epidemiology of leishmaniasis in panama over a 5-year period (2004-2008). additionally, we applied a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp)-based assay to identify leishmania species in clinical isolates, skin scrapings, and sandflies specimens. whereas 60.3% of cases were detected with conventional paras ... | 2009 | 19815867 |
| lutzomyia sand fly diversity and rates of infection by wolbachia and an exotic leishmania species on barro colorado island, panama. | sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in the genus lutzomyia are the predominant vectors of the protozoan disease leishmaniasis in the new world. within the watershed of the panama canal, the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is a continuous health threat for residents, tourists and members of an international research community. here we report the results of screening a tropical forest assemblage of sand fly species for infection by both leishmania and a microbe that can potentially se ... | 2010 | 20231892 |
| current knowledge of leishmania vectors in mexico: how geographic distributions of species relate to transmission areas. | leishmaniases are a group of vector-borne diseases with different clinical manifestations caused by parasites transmitted by sand fly vectors. in mexico, the sand fly lutzomyia olmeca olmeca is the only vector proven to transmit the parasite leishmania mexicana to humans, which causes leishmaniasis. other vector species with potential medical importance have been obtained, but their geographic distributions and relation to transmission areas have never been assessed. we modeled the ecological ni ... | 2011 | 22049037 |
| anthropogenic influence on the distribution, abundance and diversity of sandfly species (diptera: phlebotominae: psychodidae), vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in panama. | in panama, species of the genus lutzomyia are vectors of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl). there is no recent ecological information that may be used to develop tools for the control of this disease. thus, the goal of this study was to determine the composition, distribution and diversity of lutzomyia species that serve as vectors of acl. sandfly sampling was conducted in forests, fragmented forests and rural environments, in locations with records of acl. lutzomyia gomezi, lutzomyia panam ... | 2011 | 22241128 |
| dna barcoding for the identification of sand fly species (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) in colombia. | sand flies include a group of insects that are of medical importance and that vary in geographic distribution, ecology, and pathogen transmission. approximately 163 species of sand flies have been reported in colombia. surveillance of the presence of sand fly species and the actualization of species distribution are important for predicting risks for and monitoring the expansion of diseases which sand flies can transmit. currently, the identification of phlebotomine sand flies is based on morpho ... | 2014 | 24454877 |
| phlebotomines (diptera: psychodidae) in a hydroelectric system affected area from northern amazonian brazil: further insights into the effects of environmental changes on vector ecology. | during 2012-2015, an entomological survey was conducted as part of a phlebotomine (diptera: psychodidae) monitoring program in an area influenced by the santo antônio do jari hydroelectric system (amapá state, brazil). the purpose was to study aspects of amazon/guianan american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) vectors subjected to stresses by anthropogenic environmental changes. for sampling, cdc light traps were positioned 0.5, 1, and 20 m above ground at five capture locations along the jari rive ... | 2016 | 28042300 |
| geographic distribution of phlebotomine sandfly species (diptera: psychodidae) in central-west brazil. | this study updates the geographic distributions of phlebotomine species in central-west brazil and analyses the climatic factors associated with their occurrence. the data were obtained from the entomology services of the state departments of health in central-west brazil, scientific collections and a literature review of articles from 1962-2014. ecological niche models were produced for sandfly species with more than 20 occurrences using the maxent algorithm and eight climate variables. in all, ... | 2015 | 26018450 |
| the sandfly fauna, anthropophily and the seasonal activities of pintomyia spinicrassa (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae) in a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern colombia. | this study was conducted to identify the sandfly fauna and the anthropophilic species in a coffee-growing area of villanueva, norte de santander, colombia, a focus of american cutaneous leishmaniasis, and to analyse the relationship between the most frequent species and rainfall, relative humidity and temperature, with the aim of contributing to epidemiological surveillance in the area. sandfly collections were performed fortnightly between february 2006-september 2007 using automatic light trap ... | 0 | 23778653 |
| paraphyly of the subgenus sintonius (diptera, psychodidae, sergentomyia): status of the malagasy species. creation of a new subgenus and description of a new species. | during an inventory of phlebotomine sand flies carried out in madagascar, we have identified some specimens showing morphological characters related to the subgenus sintonius of the genus sergentomyia. we started a molecular study based on cytochrome b mtdna and on d1-d2 and d8 domains of the rdna. the sampling includes all the sergentomyia species available and also s. (sergentomyia) schwetzi, s. (parrotomyia) magna, and the following species belonging to the subgenus sintonius: s. clydei, s. c ... | 2014 | 24893009 |
| declining prevalence of disease vectors under climate change. | more than half of the world population is at risk of vector-borne diseases including dengue fever, chikungunya, zika, yellow fever, leishmaniasis, chagas disease, and malaria, with highest incidences in tropical regions. in ecuador, vector-borne diseases are present from coastal and amazonian regions to the andes mountains; however, a detailed characterization of the distribution of their vectors has never been carried out. we estimate the distribution of 14 vectors of the above vector-borne dis ... | 2016 | 27982119 |
| taxonomy, diversity, temporal and geographical distribution of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia: a retrospective study. | leishmaniases are tropical zoonotic diseases, caused by kinetoplastid parasites from the genus leishmania. new world (nw) species are related to sylvatic cycles although urbanization processes have been reported in some south american countries such as colombia. currently, few studies show the relative distribution of leishmania species related to cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in south america due to the lack of accurate surveillance and public health systems. herein, we conducted a systematic es ... | 2016 | 27328969 |
| natural leishmania (viannia) spp. infections in phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from the brazilian amazon region reveal new putative transmission cycles of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | in amazonian brazil the etiological agents of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) belong to at least seven leishmania species but little is known about the putative phlebotomine sand fly vectors in different biomes. in 2002-2003 a survey of the phlebotomine fauna was undertaken in the "floresta nacional do tapajós", belterra municipality, in the lower amazon region, western pará state, brazil, where we recently confirmed the presence of a putative hybrid parasite, l. (v.) guyanensis × l. (v.) ... | 2016 | 27235194 |
| dna barcoding of neotropical sand flies (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae): species identification and discovery within brazil. | dna barcoding has been an effective tool for species identification in several animal groups. here, we used dna barcoding to discriminate between 47 morphologically distinct species of brazilian sand flies. dna barcodes correctly identified approximately 90% of the sampled taxa (42 morphologically distinct species) using clustering based on neighbor-joining distance, of which four species showed comparatively higher maximum values of divergence (range 4.23-19.04%), indicating cryptic diversity. ... | 2015 | 26506007 |
| spatial distribution of sand fly vectors and eco-epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis transmission in colombia. | leishmania is transmitted by phlebotominae insects that maintain the enzootic cycle by circulating between sylvatic and domestic mammals; humans enter the cycles as accidental hosts due to the vector's search for blood source. in colombia, leishmaniasis is an endemic disease and 95% of all cases are cutaneous (cl), these cases have been reported in several regions of the country where the intervention of sylvatic areas by the introduction of agriculture seem to have an impact on the rearrangemen ... | 2015 | 26431546 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis and sand fly fluctuations are associated with el niño in panamá. | cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) is a neglected tropical vector-borne disease. sand fly vectors (sf) and leishmania spp parasites are sensitive to changes in weather conditions, rendering disease transmission susceptible to changes in local and global scale climatic patterns. nevertheless, it is unclear how sf abundance is impacted by el niño southern oscillation (enso) and how these changes might relate to changes in cl transmission. | 2014 | 25275503 |
| exposure to phlebotomus argentipes (diptera, psychodidae, phlebotominae) sand flies in rural areas of bihar, india: the role of housing conditions. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a vector-borne infectious disease, caused by the protozoan leishmania donovani, which is transmitted by phlebotomine sand flies. in an earlier study in bihar, india, we found an association between incidence of vl and housing conditions. in the current study we investigated the influence of housing structure and conditions in and around the house on the indoor abundance of phlebotomus argentipes, the vector of vl in this area. | 2014 | 25184542 |
| effect of environmental disturbance on the population of sandflies and leishmania transmission in an endemic area of venezuela. | the exploitation of new wilderness areas with crops is increasing and traditional crop substitution has been modified by new more productive crops. the results show the anthropogenic disturbance effect on the sandflies population and leishmania transmission in endemic areas of venezuela. three agroecosystems with variable degrees of ecological disturbance, forest (conserved), cacao (fragmented), and orangery (disturbed), were selected. four methods to sandfly capture were used; the specimens wer ... | 2014 | 24949018 |
| phylogeography of the lutzomyia gomezi (diptera: phlebotominae) on the panama isthmus. | lutzomyia gomezi (nitzulescu, 1931) is one of the main leishmania (vianna) panamensis vectors in panama, and despite its medical significance, there are no population genetic studies regarding this species. in this study, we used the sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b/start of nadh1 and the nuclear elongation gene α-1 in order to analyze genetic variation and phylogeographic structure of the lu. gomezi populations. | 2014 | 24398187 |
| leishmaniasis sand fly vector density reduction is less marked in destitute housing after insecticide thermal fogging. | insecticide thermal fogging (itf) is a tool to control vector borne diseases. insecticide application success for vector control has been associated with housing materials and architecture. vector abundance is correlated with weather changes. nevertheless, housing quality and weather impacts on vector abundance have been unaccounted for in most new world insecticide control trials for leishmaniasis vectors. | 2013 | 23742709 |
| seasonal variation and natural infection of lutzomyia antunesi (diptera: psychodidae: phlebotominae), an endemic species in the orinoquia region of colombia. | lutzomyia antunesi has been commonly reported in outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in the orinoquia region of colombia. the bionomics of this species were studied in the municipality of villavicencio (meta, colombia). sandflies were captured over the course of one week per month for one year in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary and extradomiciliary housing areas. the captures were performed from 06:00 pm-06:00 am using cdc light traps and the females were processed for polymerase chain r ... | 0 | 23828011 |
| clinical cutaneous leishmaniasis rates are associated with household lutzomyia gomezi, lu. panamensis, and lu. trapidoi abundance in trinidad de las minas, western panama. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) transmission patterns have been increasingly associated with domestic and peridomestic environments. here, we present results from an epidemiological survey of 94 people from 24 households in trinidad de las minas, western panama. we studied the role of sand fly abundance, housing quality, peridomicile landscape matrix, and vegetation structure on shaping household clinical acl rate patterns at trinidad de las minas. we found that sand fly abundance was sig ... | 2013 | 23339202 |
| a study of a population of nyssomyia trapidoi (diptera: psychodidae) caught on the pacific coast of ecuador. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic to the pacific coast of ecuador, and nyssomyia trapidoi is considered to be its main vector. dujardin et al. [1] recorded some differences in body pigmentation and isoenzymatic profiles in sympatric populations of ny. trapidoi from the pacific coast of ecuador and suggested the existence of two cryptic species. | 2012 | 22824472 |
| the role of leishmania proteophosphoglycans in sand fly transmission and infection of the mammalian host. | leishmania are transmitted by the bite of their sand fly vector and this has a significant influence on the virulence of the resulting infection. from our studies into the interaction between parasite, vector, and host we have uncovered an important missing ingredient during leishmania transmission. leishmania actively adapt their sand fly hosts into efficient vectors by secreting promastigote secretory gel (psg), a proteophosphoglycan (ppg)-rich, mucin-like gel which accumulates in sand fly gut ... | 2012 | 22754550 |
| an epidemic outbreak of canine cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia caused by leishmania braziliensis and leishmania panamensis. | the largest recorded outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in colombia's history occurred during 2005-2009 in soldiers of the colombian army, with ~40,000 cases. this outbreak was caused by the influx of military personnel into the jungle with the mission of combat illicit crops and the guerrilla. the soldiers remain for long periods within the rainforest and are exposed to the bite of infected sand flies. during the military activities, soldiers work with dogs specially trained to detect landmine ... | 0 | 22556078 |
| new records of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from ecuador. | the number of recorded phlebotomine sand fly species in ecuador has nearly doubled during the past 20 years as a result of surveys. in 2005, a sand fly survey of two localities, tiputini in the amazon rain forest and paraiso escondido in the pacific coastal lowland forest, resulted in the capture of 25 species. new records for ecuador consisted of five species from the amazonian region and one from paraiso escondido. the amazonian species were nyssomyia richardwardi (ready and fraiha), psathyrom ... | 0 | 22628901 |
| lutzomyia adiketis sp. n. (diptera: phlebotomidae), a vector of paleoleishmania neotropicum sp. n. (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae) in dominican amber. | | 2008 | 18627624 |
| evidence for anthropophily in five species of phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) from northern colombia, revealed by molecular identification of bloodmeals. | identification of the bloodmeal sources of phlebotomine sand flies is fundamental to determining which species are anthropophilic and understanding the transmission of leishmania parasites in natural epidemiological settings. the objective of this study was to identify sand fly bloodmeals in the mixed leishmaniasis focus of the department of sucre, northern colombia. in all 141 engorged female sand flies were analyzed, after being captured in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary and extradomiciliar ... | 2016 | 26464046 |
| nestedness patterns of sand fly (diptera: psychodidae) species in a neotropical semi-arid environment. | a common pattern in neotropical leishmania spp. transmission is the co-occurrence of several sand fly (sf) species at endemic foci. we collected 13 sf spp. by direct aspiration in natural resting places (nrp) and 10 sf spp. with shannon traps (st), totaling 15 spp. with both methods, at 6 locations within a semi-arid region with endemic visceral leishmaniasis transmission in falcón state, northwestern venezuela. we used null model testing of species co-occurrence and nestedness metrics estimated ... | 2016 | 26456179 |
| man-biting sand fly species and natural infection with the leishmania promastigote in leishmaniasis-endemic areas of ecuador. | a countrywide surveillance of sand flies was performed to obtain information on their geographical distribution and natural infection by leishmania protozoa in ecuador. a total of 18,119 sand flies were collected by human landing collections during 32 years from 1982 to 2014, and 29 species were recognized. the most prevalent 10 species were lutzomyia gomezi, lu. robusta, lu. hartmanni, lu. shannoni, lu. trapidoi, lu. panamensis, lu. maranonensis, lu. ayacuchensis, lu. tortura and lu. yuilli yui ... | 2014 | 25063388 |