| isolation of influenza a viruses from migratory waterfowls in san-in district, western japan in winters of 1980-1982. | in the two winters of 1980-1982, we surveyed migratory waterfowl of some species staying in san-in district, western japan for influenza virus at a few stations. from november 1980 to april 1981, only two strains of influenza virus, h13n1 and h11n6 subtypes, were isolated from 465 fecal samples from pintails but none from 255 samples from whistling swans nor from 625 black-tailed gulls. from november 1981 to march 1982, 17 viruses were isolated from 1156 fecal samples. fourteen viruses, 10 h7n3, ... | 1987 | 3673333 |
| prevalence of avian influenza viruses, borrelia garinii, mycobacterium avium, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in waterfowl and terrestrial birds in slovakia, 2006. | the prevalence of borrelia, mycobacteria and avian influenza virus (aiv) infections, together with the distribution of different aiv subtypes, was studied in migratory waterfowl and terrestrial birds trapped in three localities in slovakia during 2006. samples obtained from waterfowl captured in the senianske ponds area of eastern slovakia showed the highest diversity of aiv isolates. a total of 13 different subtypes were detected in 19 samples from this location (h1n2, h2n2, h3n2, h6n6, h7n6, h ... | 2008 | 18798030 |
| [circulation of the influenza a virus of h13 serosubtype among seagulls in the northern caspian (1979-1985)]. | the results of seven-year ecologo-virological studies (1979-1985) of laridae colonies on the island zhemchuzhnyi, northern kaspian sea, showed annual isolation of influenza a viruses. altogether, 95 hemagglutinating agent have been isolated. strains with 4 different combinations of surface antigens were identified: h5n2, h13n2, h13n3, h13n6. the possibility of transovarial transmission is confirmed by the fact of isolation of an influenza virus strain a/black-headed herring gull/astrakhan/458/85 ... | 1989 | 2531497 |
| development and application of monoclonal antibodies against avian influenza virus nucleoprotein. | rapid and accurate diagnosis of avian influenza (ai) infection is important for an understanding epidemiology. in order to develop rapid tests for ai antigen and antibody detection, two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against influenza nucleoprotein (np) were produced. these mabs are designated as f26-9 and f28-73 and able to recognize whole ai virus particles as well as the recombinant np. both of the mabs were tested in a slot blot for their reactivity against 15 subtypes of influenza virus; f28- ... | 2008 | 18006085 |
| characterization of a novel haemagglutinin subtype (h13) of influenza a viruses from gulls. | influenza a virus strains isolated in the united states of america from ring-billed and franklin gulls (larus delawarensis, l. pipixcan) were found to possess a haemagglutinin (ha) antigen distinct from those of the twelve previously designated haemagglutinin subtypes of influenza a virus. serological assays with antisera to reference strains representing the ha subtypes 1-12 and to a gull isolate, a/gull/maryland/704/77, showed that the haemagglutinin of the gull virus was not related antigenic ... | 1983 | 6194911 |
| isolation of influenza a viruses from migratory waterfowl in san-in district, western japan in the winter of 1983-1984. | certain species of winter migratory waterfowl in san-in district, western japan, were surveyed for influenza virus from november 1983 to march 1984. faeces of the waterfowl were collected regularly at five stations. eleven influenza a viruses including h5n3 and h10n4 subtypes were isolated from 450 faecal samples from whistling swans, 28 viruses including h2n2 and h10n4 subtypes were isolated from 362 faecal samples from pintails; and subtype h13n6 was isolated from 240 faecal samples of black-t ... | 1987 | 3685630 |
| [antigenic variability of avian influenza virus a/h13, isolated in the ussr]. | the antigenic structure of influenza h13 viruses isolated from wild birds in the ussr in 1976-1985 was studied. antiserum against the reference a/gull/maryland/704/77 (h13n6) strain was used to demonstrate the antigenic variations among the viruses. the homology of nucleotide sequences in the region 99-215 for the two a/h13n6 strains, a/gull/maryland/704/77 and a/great black-headed gull/astrakhan/227/84, were 75% and 86%, respectively. the 9-base segment deletion in a/grey black-headed gull/astr ... | 1989 | 2609643 |
| influenza viruses in birds of the atlantic flyway. | isolation of type a influenza viruses from the feces of 5013 birds of 16 species was attempted during a 33-month study (1977-79). seventy viruses were isolated from the feces of 3403 ring-billed gulls in baltimore, md., during 16 months of sampling. six hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes and seven neuraminidase (na) subtypes in 15 combinations were found. the h13n6 virus was the only subtype found each year and accounted for 40% of the isolates. the rate of isolation from gulls was 0.26% in the cold mo ... | 1992 | 1567297 |
| replication of 2 subtypes of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus of duck and gull origins in experimentally infected mallard ducks. | many subtypes of low-pathogenicity avian influenza (lpai) virus circulate in wild bird reservoirs, but their prevalence may vary among species. we aimed to compare by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, histology, and immunohistochemistry the distribution and pathogenicity of 2 such subtypes of markedly different origins in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos): h2n3 isolated from a mallard duck and h13n6 isolated from a ring-billed gull (larus delawarensis). ... | 2013 | 23242805 |
| surveillance of influenza a viruses in wild birds in slovenia from 2006 to 2010. | within the framework of the surveillance program for the early detection of h5 and h7 subtypes of avian influenza (ai) viruses, samples from 2547 wild birds of different species that were collected between 2006 and 2010 were examined by pcr-based methods. ai viruses of various subtypes were detected in 4.4% of birds from four different orders: anseriformes, ciconiiformes, charadriiformes, and pelecaniformes. highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 viruses were detected only in 2006. hpai h ... | 2012 | 23402126 |
| structure and receptor binding specificity of hemagglutinin h13 from avian influenza a virus h13n6. | interspecies transmission (host switching/jumping) of influenza viruses is a key scientific question that must be addressed. in addition to the vigorous research on highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs), studies of the mechanism of interspecies transmission of low-pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) could also provide insights into host tropism and virulence evolution. influenza a viruses harboring hemagglutinin (ha) h13 (e.g., h13n6) are lpaivs. in this study, soluble h13 h ... | 2013 | 23760233 |
| evolution of a reassortant north american gull influenza virus lineage: drift, shift and stability. | the role of gulls in the ecology of avian influenza (ai) is different than that of waterfowl. different constellations of subtypes circulate within the two groups of birds and ai viruses isolated from north american gulls frequently possess reassortant genomes with genetic elements from both north america and eurasian lineages. a 2008 isolate from a newfoundland great black-backed gull contained a mix of north american waterfowl, north american gull and eurasian lineage genes. | 2013 | 23742717 |
| avian influenza virus h13 circulating in ring-billed gulls (larus delawarensis) in southern ontario, canada. | avian influenza virus (aiv) was studied in ring-billed gulls (larus delawarensis) in one breeding colony on lake erie in 2000, and two on lake ontario in both 2000 and 2004. antibodies to h13 aiv were detected in 92% of adults in 2000 and 82% in 2004. antibody prevalence in 3-wk-old chicks was 5%-30% (overall 15%) in 2000 and 21% and 76% (overall 48%) in 2004. in 5-wk-old chicks, antibody prevalence was 23%-75% (overall 53%) in 2000 and 53% and 79% (overall 66%) in 2004. geometric mean antibody ... | 2010 | 20521671 |
| characterization of low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses isolated from wild birds in mongolia 2005 through 2007. | since the emergence of h5n1 high pathogenicity (hp) avian influenza virus (aiv) in asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in virus dissemination. in accordance with this a surveillance program for aiv in wild birds was conducted in mongolia from 2005-2007. an important feature of mongolia is that there is little domestic poultry production in the country, therefore aiv detection in wild birds would not likely be ... | 2009 | 19891786 |
| factors responsible for plaque formation of a/duck/siberia/272/1998 (h13n6) influenza virus on mdck cells. | many influenza a viruses form plaques on madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells in the presence of trypsin. a/duck/siberia/272/1998 (h13n6) (sib272), however, does not form plaque on mdck cells. after three blind passages of the strain on mdck cells, plaque-forming variant was obtained and designated as a/duck/siberia/272pf/1998 (h13n6) (sib272pf). genetic and functional analyses of sib272 and sib272pf revealed that amino acid substitutions, f3l of the ha2 subunit and t379k of the pb1, were resp ... | 2009 | 19146891 |