| in vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin against feline calicivirus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, and canine parainfluenza virus. | ribavirin had marked in vitro activity against feline calcivirus, strain 255, and canine parainfluenza virus, but showed only slight antiviral effect on feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. antiviral activity was manifested by partial to complete suppression of viral cytopathic effect and of viral replication, depending on concentration of ribavirin in the culture medium and dosage of viral inoculum. concentrations of ribavirin as small as 3.2 microgram/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml showed some activit ... | 1978 | 204229 |
| the canine contagious respiratory disease complex (kennel cough). | several infectious agents are involved in the kennel cough complex in dogs. they include canine parainfluenza virus (sv5), canine adenovirus 2, bordetella bronchiseptica, and possibly several mycoplasma species. the importance of each of these agents in the disease syndrome is discussed as well as possible prevention or treatment. | 1978 | 204455 |
| a study of dogs with kennel cough. | a detailed study of a population of dogs with kennel cough was undertaken. twenty-seven (77 per cent) of a total of 35 dogs had pathological evidence of respiratory disease in the form of tracheobronchitis with, in some animals, exudative pneumonia. a variety of viral and bacterial agents were isolated from the respiratory tract of diseased dogs but bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus sv-5 appeared to be the most significant organisms recovered. | 1978 | 207006 |
| an alternative method for evaluating potency of modified live canine parainfluenza virus vaccine. | | 1978 | 226552 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology reflects airway inflammation in beagle puppies with acute bronchiolitis. | beagle puppies infected with both canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (cpi2) and bordetella bronchiseptica (bb) develop more severe acute bronchiolitis and airways hyperresponsiveness than do those infected with cpi2 or bb alone. the aim of our study was to characterize the inflammatory response associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, and to determine whether the inflammatory cell response of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) reflected changes in the bronchioles in this model. we investigate ... | 1992 | 1319565 |
| diseases, parasites and survival of coyotes in south-central georgia. | serologic testing, radio-telemetry and post-mortem diagnostic evaluations were used to investigate survival and causes of mortality among 17 coyotes (canis latrans) in south-central georgia (usa). prevalence of canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis) microfilariae was lower (p = 0.057) among fall-captured (22%) than among winter-captured (75%) coyotes. prevalence of heartworm was higher among adults than juveniles in the fall, but no significant difference was detected between animals captured in ... | 1992 | 1474655 |
| diseases and parasites of red foxes, gray foxes, and coyotes from commercial sources selling to fox-chasing enclosures. | fifty-six red foxes (vulpes vulpes), 18 gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus), and 13 coyotes (canis latrans) obtained by the south carolina wildlife and marine resources department during an investigation of suspected illegal wildlife translocation were examined for diseases and parasites. red foxes and coyotes were confiscated from an animal dealer based in ohio (usa), and gray foxes were purchased from an animal dealer in indiana (usa). emphasis was placed on detection of pathogens representi ... | 1992 | 1474656 |
| in vitro cytopathogenicity and in vivo virulence of two strains of canine parainfluenza virus. | in vivo and in vitro properties of two strains of canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) were investigated. one strain, designated cpiv(+), induced syncytial giant cell formation and cytolysis in vitro, whereas the second strain, cpiv(-), caused only a mild strand-forming cytopathic effect with few, small syncytial giant cells. vero cells infected with cpiv(+) or cpiv(-) were 100% positive for cpiv antigen as determined by immunofluorescent staining; however, 100% of cpiv(+) and less than 10% of cpiv ... | 1991 | 1659020 |
| intranasal infection of ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with canine parainfluenza virus. | immunocompetent and cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed ferrets were intranasally infected with canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) and observed for clinical signs, histopathologic lesions, the immunocytochemical demonstration of cpiv antigen in the respiratory tract and scanning electron microscopic alterations of the tracheal epithelium until 36 days post infection (p.i.). in both groups, clinical signs were minimal, restricted to the upper respiratory tract and consisted of cough elicited by trac ... | 1991 | 1663681 |
| canine parainfluenza type 2 and bordetella bronchiseptica infection produces increased bronchoalveolar lavage thromboxane concentrations in beagle puppies. | acute infections in beagle puppies with canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (cp12), and cp12 in combination with bordetella bronchiseptica (bb) produce bronchiolitis and increased airways responsiveness to aerosolized histamine during the acute infection. in order to determine whether these observations were associated with increased levels of eicosanoids, the stable metabolites of thromboxane a2 and prostacylin, thromboxane b2 (txb2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin f1 alpha (6-keto-pgf 1 alpha) respecti ... | 1991 | 1667042 |
| changes in lung mechanics and reactivity with age after viral bronchiolitis in beagle puppies. | we measured changes with growth in lung function and airway reactivity after acute canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (cpi2, n = 5), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav2, n = 7), and sequential cav2-cpi2 (n = 6) infections or no infection (controls, n = 6) in beagle puppies (age approximately 79 days). in the cpi2 and cav2 groups, a lower respiratory illness developed by day 3 postinfection with clinical recovery by day 14. in the cav2-cpi2 group, puppies were inoculated initially with cav2 and 12 days ... | 1990 | 1963888 |
| serological, bacteriological and clinical observations on an outbreak of canine infectious tracheobronchitis in norway. | during the autumn of 1988 an outbreak of canine infectious tracheobronchitis, which seemed to be more infectious than usual, occurred throughout scandinavia. paired serum samples and bacterial swabs were collected from 52 dogs with clinical signs of infectious tracheobronchitis in three districts of norway. the results revealed a fourfold or greater rise in the titre of antibodies against canine parainfluenza virus in 79 per cent of the cases, strongly suggesting that the virus was of aetiologic ... | 1990 | 2161580 |
| dysfunction of sense of smell caused by canine parainfluenza virus infection in dogs. | olfactory function of 5 dogs that were naturally infected with canine parainfluenza virus and of 4 dogs that were inoculated with the c958 strain of canine parainfluenza virus was evaluated. except for one dog that was inoculated, the threshold for detection of benzaldehyde and/or eugenol was found to be excessively high during the course of the disease, as determined by electroencephalographic and behavioral olfactometry. in experimentally infected dogs, an increase in threshold developed in th ... | 1988 | 2831762 |
| fixation procedures for retention of cellular morphologic features and for preservation of immunoreactivity of canine paramyxovirus antigens. | the effectiveness of 1% saponin at 55 c (sap), glutaraldehyde-borohydride-saponin (gbs), and modified gbs (mgbs) as fixatives for preserving cellular morphologic features, as well as antigenicity of intracellular and membrane-bound viral proteins of canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) was studied. use of the same fixatives for light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical examination also was investigated. by light microscopy, cdv inclusions were readily detect ... | 1988 | 2837114 |
| genome analysis of virulent and attenuated strains of canine parainfluenza virus. | | 1985 | 2986758 |
| evolution of in vitro persistence of two strains of canine parainfluenza virus. brief report. | lytic stock virus (cpi+) exhibited prominent cpe in vero cell monolayers. the non-syncytial giant cell forming strain (cpi-) was isolated from brain tissues of a dog after experimental infection with syncytial giant cell-forming (cpi+) virus. in mixed infection experiments, cpi(-) virus interfered with the replication of cpi(+) virus in that simultaneously infected cells showed strand-forming cpe typical of cpi(-) and reduction of cpi(+) yield. the cpi(-) virus established immediate in vitro per ... | 1987 | 3028342 |
| infection of dogs and cats with a canine parainfluenza virus and the application of a conglutinating-complement-absorption test on cat serums. | | 1970 | 4313976 |
| role of canine parainfluenza virus and bordetella bronchiseptica in kennel cough. | the effect of bordetella bronchiseptica upper airway colonization on the clinical, radiographic, serologic, pathologic, and pulmonary function changes caused by canine parainfluenza-2 virus (cpiv-2) infection was studied in 24 purebred beagle pups (10.5 +/- 1.4 weeks old). eight control dogs (group i) were not colonized or inoculated with cpiv-2. of the 12 noncolonized dogs inoculated with cpiv-2 (group ii), 9 developed antibody titers to cpiv-2 and 10 had clinical signs of infectious canine tra ... | 1984 | 6093651 |
| properties of an encephalitogenic canine parainfluenza virus. | an isolate of canine parainfluenza (cpi) virus from the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog with neurological dysfunction was characterized in vitro in comparison to a prototype strain of cpi virus, d008. the virus, designated 78-238 was found to be antigenically related to cpi virus (manhatten strain) and simian virus 5 (sv5), but not to mumps virus (enders strain). ultrastructural observation of gradient-purified 78-238 virus revealed enveloped pleomorphic virions with helical nucleocapsid symmetry. ... | 1981 | 6168243 |
| establishment of a canine cell line: derivation, characterization, and viral spectrum. | a cell line, designated a-72, for virus studies was established from a tumor surgically removed from a female, 8-year-old golden retriever dog. following explant culture, the cells were serially passaged 135 times. the a-72 cells maintained a fibroblastic appearance and, at the 123rd passage, had a population doubling time of approximately 27 hours. karyotypic analysis of the high passage cells showed the modal 2n chromosome number was 92 to 93. using starch gel electrophoresis for enzyme charac ... | 1980 | 6254399 |
| isolation of a paramyxovirus from the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog with posterior paresis. | a paramyxovirus was isolated from cerebrospinal fluid of a dog with a history of incoordination and posterior paresis. the virus apparently was not related to canine distemper virus (cdv), considering the lack of virus neutralization with cdv-specific antibody, negative immunofluorescence with cdv-specific conjugate, and avirulence for ferrets. the virus was antigenically related to a prototype strain of canine parainfluenza virus, as determined by positive immunofluorescence with canine parainf ... | 1980 | 6254938 |
| evidence of prior infection with influenza a/texas/77 (h3n2( virus in dogs with clinical parainfluenza. | eighty dogs exhibiting clinical signs of respiratory disease were sampled for influenza virus isolation and serologically tested for hemagglutination inhibiting antibody to influenza a/hong kong/68, a/victoria/75, a/texas/77 and a/ussr/77. forty-one animals without clinical signs of respiratory disease were also examined serologically. hemagglutinating agents were isolated from nasal and/or pharyngeal swabs taken from 21 of the 80 dogs with clinical respiratory disease. twenty of these 21 isolat ... | 1980 | 6256039 |
| canine viruses and multiple sclerosis. | serum and cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis (ms) patients and control subjects were tested and compared for presence and titer of neutralizing antibody against the most common canine viruses. canine viruses included canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus 1 (cav-1), canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine herpesvirus (chv), canine coronavirus (ccv), and canine parvovirus (cpv). neutralizing titers against measles virus (mv) and human adenovirus 8 (ha8) were also tested. signi ... | 1981 | 6267515 |
| viral antibody studies of laboratory dogs with diarrheal disease. | viral antibody studies were done on laboratory dogs in an epizootic of gastrointestinal disease. increased hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers to a parvovirus (pv) antigenically related to feline panleukopenia virus were found in convalescent serum specimens of 78% (20/26) of the affected dogs and in 83% (5/6) of apparently healthy dogs. with one exception, all dogs tested had significant levels of hemagglutination-inhibition antibody to this pv. similar increased antibody titers were fo ... | 1981 | 6275746 |
| acute encephalitis and hydrocephalus in dogs caused by canine parainfluenza virus. | gnotobiotic puppies were inoculated intracerebrally with a strain of canine parainfluenza virus (cpi-78-238). four of eight dogs developed histological evidence of acute encephalitis. clinical signs of encephalitis were seen in two of these four dogs; one had signs and lesions of interstitial pneumonia. of six inoculated dogs observed for six months after infection, five developed internal hydrocephalus. virus was reisolated from two dogs with acute encephalitis but not from dogs with hydrocepha ... | 1982 | 6280361 |
| ultrastructural evaluation of the acute encephalitis and hydrocephalus in dogs caused by canine parainfluenza virus. | intracranial infection of neonatal dogs with canine parainfluenza virus (strain 78-238) progressed from an acute phase of encephalitis to a chronic phase of internal hydrocephalus. acute encephalitis was characterized ultrastructurally by laminar cortical necrosis, neuronal degeneration, neocapillary formation, reactive gliosis, and ependymitis. viral nucleocapsids were seen in the cytoplasm of neurons. ultrastructural lesions in hydrocephalic dogs were restricted to ventricular surfaces. the ea ... | 1982 | 6280365 |
| in vitro identification and characterization of a virus isolated from a dog with neurological dysfunction. | a virus, 78-238, isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog with neurological dysfunction, was characterized as a paramyxovirus. this conclusion was supported by viral cytopathic effects and morphological appearance of virions and nucleocapsids in infected cells. nucleocapsids were found in the cytoplasm of all infected cells and in the nuclei of 0.001% of these cells. growth curves revealed that a high percentage (>/=76%) of infectious progeny virus was cell released. persistent infection o ... | 1981 | 7228400 |
| [detection of distemper virus n protein rna in the brain of dogs with spontaneous distemper encephalitis using a digoxigenin-labeled, double-stranded dna probe for in situ hybridization]. | a digoxigenin-labelled dsdna-probe of 287 basepairs length complementary to the nucleoprotein-gene of canine distemper virus (cdv) was generated by the polymerase-chain-reaction. the dsdna-probe hybridized specifically with base sequences of 8 different cdv strains, whereas no hybridization was observed with a porpoise and a canine parainfluenza virus and only a weak signal was obtained with measles virus. in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain sections of 35 immunohistologically cdv antigen ... | 1995 | 7786277 |
| protection of dogs against canine distemper by vaccination with a canarypox virus recombinant expressing canine distemper virus fusion and hemagglutinin glycoproteins. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a live canarypox virus recombinant-canine distemper virus (cdv) combination vaccine against virulent cdv challenge exposure, and to document lack of interference among the other modified-live virus (mlv) components. | 1997 | 9256965 |
| serologic survey of selected viral agents in recently captured wild north american river otters (lontra canadensis). | blood samples were collected from 64 wild north american river otters (lontra [lutra] canadensis) from northern and eastern new york state and analyzed for serologic evidence of exposure to selected viral agents during a 1995 1996 translocation program. no clinical signs of disease nor lesions suggestive of prior viral exposure were seen. titers were detected for antibodies against canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine parvovirus-2 but not for antibodies against canine adenovi ... | 2000 | 10982127 |
| antibody testing against canine coronavirus by immunoperoxidase plaque staining. | the application of the immunoperoxidase (ip) plaque staining procedure (ip test) to the diagnosis of canine coronavirus (ccv) infection was investigated. the ip test did not react with sera from either 15 specific pathogen-free (spf) dogs or 7 spf dogs immunized with a multivalent vaccine, including canine parvovirus type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, and canine parainfluenza virus. to compare the ip test with the neutralizing test (nt), sera from 240 healthy dogs and from ... | 2001 | 11432433 |
| simian virus 5 is a poor inducer of chemokine secretion from human lung epithelial cells: identification of viral mutants that activate interleukin-8 secretion by distinct mechanisms. | we have compared chemokine secretion from human lung a549 cells infected with simian virus 5 (sv5) with other members of the rubulavirus genus of paramyxoviruses. high levels of the chemokines interleukin-8 (il-8) and macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (mcp-1) were secreted from a549 cells infected with human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv-2) but not from cells infected with wild-type (wt) sv5. the lack of il-8 secretion from sv5-infected cells was not due to a global block in all signal tra ... | 2003 | 12768033 |
| duration of serologic response to five viral antigens in dogs. | to determine whether vaccinated dogs either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination for 5 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination. | 2004 | 14710876 |
| clinical and microbiologic characterization of hemorrhagic pneumonia due to extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli in four young dogs. | over a 21-month period, three beagle dogs and one mixed-breed dog at our facility developed fatal pneumonia. the four dogs, all purpose bred, came from three vendors and had received the standard canine vaccines prior to shipment. in each instance, the affected dog had been shipped to our facility within the past 10 days. three cases presented as a peracute clinical syndrome, and all had gross and microscopic findings consistent with hemorrhagic pneumonia. escherichia coli was isolated from the ... | 2003 | 14727816 |
| a placebo-controlled trial of two intranasal vaccines to prevent tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) in dogs entering a humane shelter. | a placebo-controlled field trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of intranasal (in) vaccines containing bordetella bronchiseptica and canine-parainfluenza virus, with (in-bpa) or without (in-bp) canine-adenovirus type 2, for prevention of kennel cough at a humane shelter. dogs were examined on admission to the shelter and those without respiratory signs of disease were assigned daily, on a rotating basis, to receive one of three vaccines. we enrolled 972 healthy dogs. dogs were monito ... | 2004 | 15156996 |
| longitudinal study of viruses associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. | in this investigation a population of dogs at a rehoming center was monitored over a period of 2 years. despite regular vaccination of incoming dogs against distemper, canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), respiratory disease was endemic. tissue samples from the respiratory tract as well as paired serum samples were collected for analysis. the development of pcr assays for the detection of cpiv, canine adenovirus types 1 and 2, and canine herpesvirus (chv) is d ... | 2004 | 15472304 |
| evaluation of the efficacy and duration of immunity of a canine combination vaccine against virulent parvovirus, infectious canine hepatitis virus, and distemper virus experimental challenges. | the results of this study confirmed that dogs vaccinated subcutaneously with a commercially available multivalent vaccine containing modified-live canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 2, canine parvovirus type 2b, and canine parainfluenza virus antigens were protected against sequential experimental challenge 55 to 57 months after initial vaccination given at 7 to 8 weeks of age. all 10 vaccinates were protected against clinical diseases and mortality following parvovirus and infectiou ... | 2004 | 15578450 |
| investigation into the causes of canine infectious respiratory disease: antibody responses to canine respiratory coronavirus and canine herpesvirus in two kennelled dog populations. | two training centres for working dogs were monitored for one year to determine the presence of viruses and viral antibodies and their association with canine infectious respiratory disease (cird). tonsillar swabs and serum were obtained from dogs on entry into the kennels and in regular intervals thereafter. additional samples were collected during outbreaks of cird. the swabs were examined by virus culture and pcr for canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus, canine herpesvirus (chv) and c ... | 2005 | 15841339 |
| protection of dogs for 13 months against bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus with a modified live vaccine. | twelve specific pathogen-free (spf) puppies were vaccinated intranasally with a bivalent, modified live vaccine against infectious tracheobronchitis (group 1) and six puppies of the same age and from the same source served as unvaccinated controls (group 2). both groups were challenged with wild-type bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus by the aerosol route 56 weeks after group 1 had been vaccinated, and at the same time six 10-week-old spf puppies from the same source (group ... | 2005 | 15995238 |
| immunohistochemical detection of antigens of distemper, adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses in domestic dogs with pneumonia. | the lungs of 35 dogs that died in mexico from acute or subacute pneumonia were examined immunohistochemically for canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus (cav) and canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), to determine their frequency and occurrence and possible associations. cdv was identified in 27 (77%) cases, cav in 20 (57%) and cpiv in 18 (51%). the most frequent dual association was that between cdv and cpiv (five cases; 14%). all three viruses, however, were identified in the same lung i ... | 2005 | 16202422 |
| growth characteristics of canine pathogenic viruses in mdck cells cultured in rpmi 1640 medium without animal protein. | madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were adapted to serum-free rpmi 1640 medium and used for cultivation of canine viruses. rpmi 1640 medium was supplemented with a soybean peptone, l-glutamine and antibiotics, so that the protein concentration was less than 5 microg/ml (rpmi/sp medium). the resulting adapted mdck-sp cells showed steady growth after the twenty-eighth passage in rpmi/sp medium (mdck-sp cell culture). canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, canine adenoviruses and canine par ... | 2006 | 16271422 |
| compatibility of a bivalent modified-live vaccine against bordetella bronchiseptica and cpiv, and a trivalent modified-live vaccine against cpv, cdv and cav-2. | eight puppies (group 1) were vaccinated once with a bivalent modified-live vaccine against infectious tracheobronchitis by the intranasal route and at the same time with an injectable trivalent vaccine against canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus; a second group of eight puppies (group 2) was vaccinated only with the intranasal bivalent vaccine, and a further eight puppies (group 3) were vaccinated only with the injectable trivalent vaccine. three weeks later they were ... | 2007 | 17220520 |
| non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in cats and dogs: an immunohistochemical study. | non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown cause is a frequent finding in dogs and cats. fifty-three dogs and 33 cats with non-suppurative meningoencephalitis of unknown aetiology were examined immunohistochemically for 18 different infectious agents, including viruses, bacteria and prion protein(sc). in 14 (26%) of the dogs and 13 (39%) of the cats a causative agent was identified in the central nervous system (cns), two dogs and one cat giving positive results for two infectious agents sim ... | 2007 | 17275833 |
| canine respiratory viruses. | acute contagious respiratory disease (kennel cough) is commonly described in dogs worldwide. the disease appears to be multifactorial and a number of viral and bacterial pathogens have been reported as potential aetiological agents, including canine parainfluenza virus, canine adenovirus and bordetella bronchiseptica, as well as mycoplasmas, streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, canine herpesvirus and reovirus-1,-2 and -3. enhancement of pathogenicity by multiple infections can result in more ... | 2007 | 17296161 |
| three-year serologic immunity against canine parvovirus type 2 and canine adenovirus type 2 in dogs vaccinated with a canine combination vaccine. | a group of client-owned dogs and a group of dogs at a commercial kennel were evaluated for duration of antibody responses against canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) after receiving a combination vaccine containing recombinant canarypox-vectored canine distemper virus (cdv) and modified-live cpv-2, cav-2, and canine parainfluenza virus, with (c6) or without (c4) two serovars of leptospira (recombitek c4 or c6, merial). duration of antibody, which correlates with ... | 2007 | 18183549 |
| serosurvey of ex situ giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and red pandas (ailurus fulgens) in china with implications for species conservation. | conservation strategies for the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) include the development of a self-sustaining ex situ population. this study examined the potential significance of infectious pathogens in giant pandas ex situ. serologic antibody titers against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus (cav), canine coronavirus (ccv), canine herpesvirus, canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and leptospira interrogans were measur ... | 2007 | 18229861 |
| etiologic study of upper respiratory infections of household dogs. | infectious tracheobronchitis (itb), also known as the kennel cough, is a respiratory syndrome of dogs and usually appears to be contagious among dogs housed in groups. etiologic agent of itb is multiple and sometimes complex. in the present study, 68 household dogs showing clinical signs of respiratory infection were examined, and 20 dogs (29.4%) were found to be positive for either of following agents. bordetella bronchiseptica (b.b.) was most frequently detected from nasal and oropharynx sites ... | 2008 | 18628596 |
| a hyperfusogenic f protein enhances the oncolytic potency of a paramyxovirus simian virus 5 p/v mutant without compromising sensitivity to type i interferon. | viral fusogenic membrane proteins have been proposed as tools to increase the potency of oncolytic viruses, but there is a need for mechanisms to control the spread of fusogenic viruses in normal versus tumor cells. we have previously shown that a mutant of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (sv5) that harbors mutations in the p/v gene from the canine parainfluenza virus (p/v-cpi(-)) is a potent inducer of type i interferon (ifn) and apoptosis and is restricted for spread through normal but not tu ... | 2008 | 18667520 |
| serologic survey for selected viral pathogens in free-ranging endangered european mink (mustela lutreola) and other mustelids from south-western france. | to investigate the possible role of selected pathogens in the decline of endangered european mink (mustela lutreola) populations and the potential for these pathogens to affect mink survival, a serologic survey was conducted using serum samples collected from march 1996 to march 2003 in eight departments of south-western france. in total, 481 free-ranging individuals of five mustelid species (including the european mink) were tested. sympatric mustelids can serve as sentinels to determine the pr ... | 2008 | 18957635 |
| demonstration of 1-year duration of immunity for attenuated bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines in dogs. | three groups of healthy dogs with low antibody titers to bordetella bronchiseptica (bb), canine parainfluenza virus (cpi), and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) were used in this study. one group was vaccinated with a single dose of monovalent attenuated bb vaccine and one group with a trivalent vaccine containing attenuated bb, cpi, and cav-2; dogs were vaccinated intranasally with a single dose of the respective vaccines. the third group served as unvaccinated controls. all vaccinated dogs subs ... | 2008 | 19177330 |
| serosurvey of selected viruses in captive giant pandas (ailuropoda melanoleuca) in china. | serum samples from 92 giant pandas in three captive facilities were tested for antibodies against five viruses of carnivores. antibody titers against canine distemper virus (cdv) in two facilities in which giant pandas were vaccinated were variable. the canine adenovirus (cav-1) and canine parvovirus (cpv) titers in vaccinated group were both positive, but titers were not high and varied among individual except one vaccinated panda had extremely high cav-1 titer, indicating infection with the fi ... | 2010 | 19913371 |
| expression of beta-defensins in the canine respiratory tract and antimicrobial activity against bordetella bronchiseptica. | beta-defensins are cationic peptides which form part of the innate immune response of the respiratory epithelium. due to their antimicrobial properties and immunostimulatory activity, beta-defensins are potential tools for the treatment and prevention of respiratory disease. in dogs, infectious respiratory disease is a common problem, particularly in housed animals. this study aimed to assess the presence of four beta-defensins in the canine respiratory tract and to use quantitative real-time pc ... | 2010 | 19931188 |
| simultaneous analysis of the nasal shedding kinetics of field and vaccine strains of bordetella bronchiseptica. | groups of four two-week-old puppies were administered serial dilutions of an intranasal vaccine containing live bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza virus vaccine and housed individually in isolator cages. three vaccinated groups and one unvaccinated control group were exposed to virulent b bronchiseptica four weeks after vaccination and evaluated. nasal swabs for bacterial culture and sera for agglutination tests were taken from all the dogs every week for four weeks. the bacteria ... | 2009 | 20023279 |
| pharmacovigilance in veterinary medicine in chile: a pilot study. | irag++en, d., urcelay, s., san mart+¡n, b. pharmacovigilance in veterinary medicine in chile: a pilot study. j. vet. pharmacol. therap.34, 108-115. in chile, there is no present government policy to survey and analyse adverse drug reactions (adrs) in the field of veterinary medicine. the intent of this study is to assess, for the first time, adr frequency in treated animals. to this purpose, a 6-month period pilot study based on who recommendations was conducted to monitor adrs in cats and dogs ... | 2011 | 21395600 |
| the antiviral activity of six south african plants traditionally used against infections in ethnoveterinary medicine. | viral infections remain a major threat to humans and animals and there is a crucial need for new antiviral agents especially with the development of resistant viruses. the hexane, dichloromethane, acetone and methanol extracts of six plant species selected for their traditional use against infections were tested for in vitro antiviral activity against canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parainfluenza virus-2 (cpiv-2), feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and lumpy skin disease virus (lsdv). all extract ... | 2011 | 21982126 |
| a review of canine parainfluenza virus infection in dogs. | | 2012 | 22256842 |
| seroepidemiology of respiratory (group 2) canine coronavirus, canine parainfluenza virus, and bordetella bronchiseptica infections in urban dogs in a humane shelter and in rural dogs in small communities. | this prospective study evaluated seroepidemiologic features of canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), and bordetella bronchiseptica infections in dogs in an urban humane shelter and in rural/small community dog populations in western canada. seroprevalence of crcov and cpiv was low compared with other countries; seroprevalence of b. bronchiseptica was moderate to high in most populations examined. rural dogs were 0.421 times (p ≤ 0.0001) less likely to be posi ... | 2011 | 22294792 |
| respiratory disease outbreak in a veterinary hospital associated with canine parainfluenza virus infection. | a cluster of canine parainfluenza virus infections was identified in a veterinary referral hospital. while hospital-associated outbreaks of canine parainfluenza virus infection have not been previously reported, veterinary hospitals possess some of the same risk factors that may be present in traditional high-risk sites such as kennels. hospital-associated transmission of canine respiratory pathogens, therefore, must be considered. | 2013 | 23814307 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of canine distemper virus by one-tube reverse transcription-insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction. | canine distemper virus (cdv) has been associated with outbreaks of canine infectious respiratory disease in shelters and boarding kennel environments. pockittm nucleic acid analyzer is a field-deployable device capable of generating automatically interpreted insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iipcr) results from extracted nucleic acid within one hour. in this study, reverse transcription iipcr (rt-iipcr) was developed to facilitate point-of-need diagnosis of cdv infection. | 2014 | 25200113 |
| co-infections with respiratory viruses in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. | bacterial pneumonia (bp) is an inflammation of the lower airways and lung parenchyma secondary to bacterial infection. the pathogenesis of bp in dogs is complex and the role of canine respiratory viruses has not been fully evaluated. | 2015 | 25818209 |
| development and application of multiplex pcr assays for detection of virus-induced respiratory disease complex in dogs. | canine infectious respiratory disease complex (cirdc) viruses have been detected in dogs with respiratory illness. canine influenza virus (civ), canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), canine adenovirus type 2 (cadv-2) and canine herpesvirus 1 (cahv-1), are all associated with the cirdc. to allow diagnosis, two conventional multiplex polymerase chain reactions (pcr) were developed to simultaneously identify four rna and two dna vir ... | 2016 | 27628592 |
| serum antibody responses to vaccinal antigens in lean and obese geriatric dogs. | the immune responses in control dogs [1 to 4 years of age, body condition score (bcs): 4 to 5 out of 9] were compared to those of aging dogs (based on breed and body size) either categorized as lean (bcs: 4 to 5 out of 9) or obese (bcs: 8 to 9 out of 9). of interest were the serum titers to the following common agents found in vaccines, canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), and bordetella bronchiseptica. ... | 2016 | 27152043 |
| factors associated with development of canine infectious respiratory disease complex (cirdc) in dogs in 5 canadian small animal clinics. | this study investigated the association between presence of respiratory pathogens and development of canine infectious respiratory disease complex (cirdc) in dogs in 5 canadian small animal clinics. in total, 86 dogs were tested using a commercial pcr respiratory panel; 64 dogs were considered as cases and 22 were control dogs matched by veterinary clinic. no control animals (0/22) were positive for canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), whereas 27/64 (42%) cirdc cases were positive. furthermore, 81 ... | 2016 | 26740697 |
| molecular surveillance of traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease. | a molecular survey for traditional and emerging pathogens associated with canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) was conducted in italy between 2011 and 2013 on a total of 138 dogs, including 78 early acute clinically ill cird animals, 22 non-clinical but exposed to clinically ill cird dogs and 38 cird convalescent dogs. the results showed that canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) was the most commonly detected cird pathogen, followed by canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), bordetella bron ... | 2016 | 27527760 |
| prevalence of canine infectious respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at us animal shelters. | to determine the prevalence of nine canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) pathogens in asymptomatic dogs presented at animal shelters across the united states. | 2015 | 26199194 |
| detection of respiratory viruses and bordetella bronchiseptica in dogs with acute respiratory tract infections. | canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) is an acute, highly contagious disease complex caused by a variety of infectious agents. at present, the role of viral and bacterial components as primary or secondary pathogens in cird is not fully understood. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2), canine influenza virus (civ), canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov), canine herpes virus-1 (chv-1), canine distempe ... | 2014 | 24980809 |
| detection of respiratory viruses in shelter dogs maintained under varying environmental conditions. | three dog shelters in rio grande do sul were investigated for associations between the occurrence of respiratory viruses and shelter environmental conditions. nasal secretions randomly collected during the cold season were tested via pcr, and this data collection was followed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplicons. in shelter #1 (poor sanitary and nutritional conditions, high animal density and constant contact between dogs), 78% (58/74) of the nasal samples were positive, 35% (26/74) of whic ... | 2017 | 27522932 |
| fatal canid herpesvirus 1 respiratory infections in 4 clinically healthy adult dogs. | four healthy adult dogs (golden retrievers aged 6 years and 9 years, dalmatian aged 13 years, and mastiff aged 5 years) developed clinical signs of acute respiratory disease and died within 2 to 7 days of onset of clinical signs. the lungs of the 3 dogs submitted for necropsy were diffusely and severely reddened due to hyperemia and hemorrhage. microscopic lesions in all dogs were suggestive of acute viral or toxic respiratory damage and varied from acute severe fibrinonecrotic or hemorrhagic br ... | 2015 | 25358536 |
| establishment of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection and differentiation of canine distemper virus infected and vaccinated animals. | although widespread vaccination against canine distemper virus (cdv) has been conducted for many decades, several canine distemper outbreaks in vaccinated animals have been reported frequently. in order to detect and differentiate the wild-type and vaccine strains of the cdv from the vaccinated animals, a novel reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method was developed. a set of four primers-two internal and two external-were designed to target the h gene for the ... | 2015 | 25769803 |
| canine adenovirus type 1 in a fennec fox (vulpes zerda). | a 10-mo-old female fennec fox (vulpes zerda) with drooling suddenly died and was examined postmortem. histologic examination of different tissue samples was performed. vacuolar degeneration and diffuse fatty change were observed in the liver. several diagnostic methods were used to screen for canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus, canine influenza virus, canine coronavirus, canine parainfluenza virus, and canine adenovirus (cadv). only cadv type 1 (cadv-1) was detected in several organs (liv ... | 2014 | 25632689 |
| pathogens of wild maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) in brazil. | the maned wolf, chrysocyon brachyurus, is an endangered neotropical canid that survives at low population densities. diseases are a potential threat for its conservation but to date have been poorly studied. we performed clinical evaluations and investigated the presence of infectious diseases through serology and coprologic tests on maned wolves from galheiro natural private reserve, perdizes city, minas gerais state, southeastern brazil. fifteen wolves were captured between 2003 and 2008. we f ... | 2012 | 23060508 |
| duration of serological response to canine parvovirus-type 2, canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type 1 and canine parainfluenza virus in client-owned dogs in australia. | to determine whether client-owned dogs in australia, last vaccinated with canvac(®) vaccines containing canine parvovirus-type 2 (cpv-2), canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) ± canine parainfluenza virus (cpiv) at least 18 months ago, were seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination. | 2012 | 23186088 |
| evaluating a parainfluenza virus 5-based vaccine in a host with pre-existing immunity against parainfluenza virus 5. | parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5), formerly known as simian virus 5 (sv5), is a paramyxovirus often referred to as canine parainfluenza virus (cpi) in the veterinary field. piv5 is thought to be a contributing factor to kennel cough. kennel cough vaccines containing live piv5 have been used in dogs for many decades. piv5 is not known to cause any diseases in humans or other animals. piv5 has been used as a vector for vaccine development for humans and animals. one critical question concerning the use ... | 2012 | 23185558 |
| canine parainfluenza virus-induced encephalitis in ferrets. | young seronegative ferrets were intracerebrally inoculated with a neurotropic strain of canine parainfluenza (cpi) virus and serially killed at intervals after infection for subsequent viral immuno-peroxidase, light microscopical and scanning electron microscopical evaluation. the cpi virus infection resulted in a self-limiting non-suppurative ependymitis and choroiditis with associated ependymal cell degeneration. these changes were accompanied by paraventricular and perivascular cellular infil ... | 1989 | 2537347 |
| isolation and genomic characterization of a canine parainfluenza virus type 5 strain in china. | a canine parainfluenza virus type 5 strain was isolated from a lung sample from a diseased dog. the genome sequene of this isolate, named hen0718, was determined and compared tho those of other previously reported canine parainfluenza viruses. unlike previously reported viruses, the hen0718 strain contained several nucleotide mutations in the sh gene that led to a frame shift in the open reading frame. phylogenetic analysis based on the complete virus genome and the p, f, and hn genes showed tha ... | 2017 | 28455668 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of canine distemper virus by real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification. | canine distemper, caused by canine distemper virus (cdv), is a highly contagious and fatal systemic disease in free-living and captive carnivores worldwide. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa), as an isothermal gene amplification technique, has been explored for the molecular detection of diverse pathogens. | 2017 | 28810858 |
| surveillance for antibodies against six canine viruses in wild raccoons (procyon lotor) in japan. | raccoons (procyon lotor) are found worldwide. they are frequently seen in crowded inner cities as well as in forests or wooded areas, often living in proximity to humans and their pets. we examined sera from 100 wild raccoons in japan for antibodies to six canine viruses with veterinary significance to assess their potential as reservoirs. we also aimed to understand the distribution of potentially infected wildlife. we found that 7% of samples were seropositive for canine distemper virus (cdv), ... | 2017 | 28715293 |