| social structure and relatedness in the fringe-lipped bat (trachops cirrhosus). | general insights into the causes and effects of social structure can be gained from comparative analyses across socially and ecologically diverse taxa, such as bats, but long-term data are lacking for most species. in the neotropical fringe-lipped bat, trachops cirrhosus, social transmission of foraging behaviour is clearly demonstrated in captivity, yet its social structure in the wild remains unclear. here, we used microsatellite-based estimates of relatedness and records of 157 individually m ... | 2020 | 32431896 |
| co-occurrence of ectoparasites (insecta and arachnida) on bats (chiroptera) in an atlantic forest remnant, southeastern brazil. | neotropical bats are infested by multiple ectoparasites (like bat fly and mite species) and investigations on these invertebrates on their hosts are crucial to better understand the ectoparasite-ectoparasite and ectoparasite-host associations. the goal of this study was to report ectoparasites species (bat flies and mites) on bats, emphasizing ectoparasite co-occurrences and host-ectoparasite associations. we also test if there is relationship between bat flies and mites on their hosts. | 2020 | 32436052 |
| first record of pigmentation disorder in the fringe-lipped bat trachops cirrhosus (spix, 1823) (chiroptera: phyllostomidae) from southeast brazil. | piebaldism is a genetic pigmentation disorder, which is caused by absence of melanocytes in parts of the skin and/or hair follicles, with eyes and claws normally pigmented. the occurrence of piebaldism in natural populations is rare and the effects on fitness are still unknown. this article reports the first case of pigmentation disorders in the fringe-lipped bat trachops cirrhosus (spix, 1823) (chiroptera: phyllostomidae) caught in barra do triunfo, city of joão neiva, northeastern state of esp ... | 2019 | 31534412 |
| bats without borders: predators learn novel prey cues from other predatory species. | learning from others allows individuals to adapt rapidly to environmental change. although conspecifics tend to be reliable models, heterospecifics with similar resource requirements may be suitable surrogates when conspecifics are few or unfamiliar with recent changes in resource availability. we tested whether trachops cirrhosus, a gleaning bat that localizes prey using their mating calls, can learn about novel prey from conspecifics and the sympatric bat lophostoma silvicolum. specifically, w ... | 2018 | 29568801 |
| male-biased dispersal and the potential impact of human-induced habitat modifications on the neotropical bat trachops cirrhosus. | gene flow, maintained through natal dispersal and subsequent mating events, is one of the most important processes in both ecology and population genetics. among mammalian populations, gene flow is strongly affected by a variety of factors, including the species' ability to disperse, and the composition of the environment which can limit dispersal. information on dispersal patterns is thus crucial both for conservation management and for understanding the social system of a species. we used 16 p ... | 2018 | 29988406 |
| trypanosoma madeirae sp. n.: a species of the clade t. cruzi associated with the neotropical common vampire bat desmodus rotundus. | molecular phylogenetic studies have revealed the growing diversity of bat trypanosomes. here, 14 isolates from blood samples of the vampire bat desmodus rotundus (phyllostomidae) from rio de janeiro, southeast brazil, were cultivated, and morphologically and molecularly characterized. all isolates represent a novel species named trypanosoma madeirae n. sp. positioned in the neobat lineage of the clade t. cruzi. the neobat lineage also comprises closely related trypanosomes of clades neotropic 1, ... | 2019 | 30671342 |
| hematological survey of common neotropical bat species from costa rica. | although bats are one of the largest groups within the class mammalia and may carry several zoonotic diseases, basic information about their hematology is limited. in this study, hematocrit (hct), total white blood cell counts (twbc; leukocytes), and differential white blood cell counts (dwbc) of free-ranging neotropical bats were quantified. blood samples from 255 bats representing 26 species from the families of emballonuridae (3 species; 33 individuals), molossidae (2 species; 26 individuals) ... | 2011 | 22950309 |
| ear morphology of the frog-eating bat (trachops cirrhosus, family: phyllostomidae): apparent specializations for low-freqency hearing. | the frog-eating bat (trachops cirrhosus) is unusual among bats studied because of its reliance on low-frequency (<5 khz) sounds emitted by frogs for prey localization. we investigated the ear of this bat in order to identify anatomical features that might serve as adaptations for low-frequency hearing. trachops cirrhosus has a variety of anatomical features that might enhance low-frequency hearing, either by increasing sensitivity to low-frequency sounds or expanding the total frequency range to ... | 1989 | 29865623 |
| new records of mites (acari: spinturnicidae) associated with bats (mammalia, chiroptera) in two brazilian biomes: pantanal and caatinga. | a first survey of mite species that ectoparasitize bats in the states of ceará and mato grosso was conducted. the specimens of bats and their mites were collected in areas of the caatinga and pantanal biomes. a total of 450 spinturnicids representing two genera and ten species was collected from 15 bat species in the private reserve of the natural patrimony serra das almas, ceará state, northeast brazil and 138 spinturnicids represented by two genera and four species were found in seven bats spe ... | 2016 | 26982558 |
| records of bat flies (diptera: nycteribiidae and streblidae) in the semi-arid caatinga in the state of paraíba, northeastern brazil. | one of the largest gaps in the knowledge of ectoparasitic flies of the families nycteribiidae and streblidae in brazil is the northeastern region, where most states do not have any record. here, we present the first records of those two bat fly families for the state of paraíba. we recorded a total of 10 species of five genera parasitizing eight bat species of four families. trichobius diphyllae wenzel (streblidae) was the most abundant species, found parasitizing diphylla ecaudata (phyllostomid ... | 2016 | 27562845 |
| animal behavior: who will croak next? | a recent study with the predatory bat trachops cirrhosus has shown the importance for this species of social learning about novel prey using auditory, rather than visual or olfactory, cues. | 2006 | 16781999 |
| auditory-based defence against gleaning bats in neotropical katydids (orthoptera: tettigoniidae). | neotropical katydids (orthoptera: tettigoniidae) are preyed on by gleaning bats, which are known to use male calling songs to locate them. at least one katydid species has been reported to stop singing in response to bat echolocation calls. to investigate the relationship between this behavioural defence and ecological and sensory factors, we surveyed calling song characteristics, song cessation in response to the echolocation calls of a sympatric gleaning bat (trachops cirrhosus), and t-cell re ... | 2010 | 20237786 |
| signal perception in frogs and bats and the evolution of mating signals. | psychophysics measures the relationship between a stimulus's physical magnitude and its perceived magnitude. because decisions are based on perception of stimuli, this relationship is critical to understanding decision-making. we tested whether psychophysical laws explain how female túngara frogs (physalaemus pustulosus) and frog-eating bats (trachops cirrhosus) compare male frog calls, and how this imposes selection on call evolution. although both frogs and bats prefer more elaborate calls, th ... | 2011 | 21817052 |
| sequential assessment of prey through the use of multiple sensory cues by an eavesdropping bat. | predators are often confronted with a broad diversity of potential prey. they rely on cues associated with prey quality and palatability to optimize their hunting success and to avoid consuming toxic prey. here, we investigate a predator's ability to assess prey cues during capture, handling, and consumption when confronted with conflicting information about prey quality. we used advertisement calls of a preferred prey item (the túngara frog) to attract fringe-lipped bats, trachops cirrhosus, th ... | 2012 | 22592417 |
| do frog-eating bats perceptually bind the complex components of frog calls? | the mating calls of male túngara frogs, physalaemus pustulosus, attract intended (conspecific females) and unintended (eavesdropping predators and parasites) receivers. the calls are complex, having two components: a frequency-modulated "whine" followed by 0-7 harmonic bursts or "chucks". the whine is necessary and sufficient to elicit phonotaxis from females and the chuck enhances call attractiveness when it follows a whine. although chucks are never made alone, females perceptually bind the wh ... | 2013 | 23322446 |
| echolocation intensity and directionality of perching and flying fringe-lipped bats, trachops cirrhosus (phyllostomidae). | the neotropical frog-eating bat, trachops cirrhosus, primarily hunts stationary prey, either by gleaning on the wing, or in a sit-and-wait mode hanging from a perch. it listens passively for prey-generated sounds, but uses echolocation in all stages of the hunt. like other bats in the family phyllostomidae, t. cirrhosus has a conspicuous nose leaf, hypothesized to direct and focus echolocation calls emitted from the nostrils. t. cirrhosus is highly flexible in its cognitive abilities and its use ... | 2013 | 23825459 |
| when to approach novel prey cues? social learning strategies in frog-eating bats. | animals can use different sources of information when making decisions. foraging animals often have access to both self-acquired and socially acquired information about prey. the fringe-lipped bat, trachops cirrhosus, hunts frogs by approaching the calls that frogs produce to attract mates. we examined how the reliability of self-acquired prey cues affects social learning of novel prey cues. we trained bats to associate an artificial acoustic cue (mobile phone ringtone) with food rewards. bats w ... | 2013 | 24266035 |
| risky ripples allow bats and frogs to eavesdrop on a multisensory sexual display. | animal displays are often perceived by intended and unintended receivers in more than one sensory system. in addition, cues that are an incidental consequence of signal production can also be perceived by different receivers, even when the receivers use different sensory systems to perceive them. here we show that the vocal responses of male túngara frogs (physalaemus pustulosus) increase twofold when call-induced water ripples are added to the acoustic component of a rival's call. hunting bats ... | 2014 | 24458640 |
| risks of multimodal signaling: bat predators attend to dynamic motion in frog sexual displays. | many sexual displays contain multiple components that are received through a variety of sensory modalities. primary and secondary signal components can interact to induce novel receiver responses and become targets of sexual selection as complex signals. however, predators can also use these complex signals for prey assessment, which may limit the evolution of elaborate sexual signals. we tested whether a multimodal sexual display of the male túngara frog (physalaemus pustulosus) increases preda ... | 2014 | 25165134 |
| multimodal cues improve prey localization under complex environmental conditions. | predators often eavesdrop on sexual displays of their prey. these displays can provide multimodal cues that aid predators, but the benefits in attending to them should depend on the environmental sensory conditions under which they forage. we assessed whether bats hunting for frogs use multimodal cues to locate their prey and whether their use varies with ambient conditions. we used a robotic set-up mimicking the sexual display of a male túngara frog (physalaemus pustulosus) to test prey assessm ... | 2015 | 26336176 |
| collateral damage or a shadow of safety? the effects of signalling heterospecific neighbours on the risks of parasitism and predation. | although males often display from mixed-species aggregations, the influence of nearby heterospecifics on risks associated with sexual signalling has not been previously examined. we tested whether predation and parasitism risks depend on proximity to heterospecific signallers. using field playback experiments with calls of two species that often display from the same ponds, túngara frogs and hourglass treefrogs, we tested two hypotheses: (1) calling near heterospecific signallers attractive to e ... | 2016 | 27194694 |
| flexibility in assessment of prey cues: frog-eating bats and frog calls. | predators use cues associated with their prey to assess prey quality and to avoid consuming poisonous prey. considerable attention has been given to predators' use of aposematic cues to assess prey quality, but little is known about predators that eavesdrop on prey cues that are not intended for them. here we investigate the prey-cue/prey-quality associations of a predator that eavesdrops on the sexual advertisement signals of its prey. stability is expected in prey-cue/prey-quality associations ... | 2005 | 15888417 |
| ultrastructure of the unusual accessory submandibular gland in the fringe-lipped bat, trachops cirrhosus. | the phyllostomid fringe-lipped bat, trachops cirrhosus, is sui generis (in a family of ca. 138 species) in that it subsists in part on tropical frogs. these amphibians frequently possess highly toxic integument. we examined the salivary glands of this bat to determine if these glands could be the source of protective factors that permit consumption of seemingly unsavory prey. the parotid and principal salivary glands of this bat are similar to homologous glands in other phyllostomids, but the ac ... | 1997 | 9185982 |
| social transmission of novel foraging behavior in bats: frog calls and their referents. | the fringe-lipped bat, trachops cirrhosus, uses prey-emitted acoustic cues (frog calls) to assess prey palatability . previous experiments show that wild t. cirrhosus brought into the laboratory are flexible in their ability to reverse the associations they form between prey cues and prey quality . here we asked how this flexibility can be achieved in nature. we quantified the rate at which bats learned to associate the calls of a poisonous toad species with palatable prey by placing bats in thr ... | 2006 | 16782010 |
| cryptic species? patterns of maternal and paternal gene flow in eight neotropical bats. | levels of sequence divergence at mitochondrial loci are frequently used in phylogeographic analysis and species delimitation though single marker systems cannot assess bi-parental gene flow. in this investigation i compare the phylogeographic patterns revealed through the maternally inherited mitochondrial coi region and the paternally inherited 7(th) intron region of the dby gene on the y-chromosome in eight common neotropical bat species. these species are diverse and include members of two fa ... | 2011 | 21814545 |
| modeling sexual selection in túngara frog and rationality of mate choice. | the males of the species of frogs engystomops pustulosus produce simple and complex calls to lure females, as a way of intersexual selection. complex calls lead males to a greater reproductive success than what simple calls do. however, the complex calls are also more attractive to their main predator, the bat trachops cirrhosus. therefore, as m. ryan suggests in (the túngara frog: a study in sexual selection and communication. university of chicago press, chicago, 1985), the complexity of the c ... | 2017 | 28983864 |
| comparative cytogenetic analysis between lonchorhina aurita and trachops cirrhosus (chiroptera, phyllostomidae). | phyllostomidae comprises the most diverse family of neotropical bats, its wide range of morphological features leading to uncertainty regarding phylogenetic relationships. seeing that cytogenetics is one of the fields capable of providing support for currently adopted classifications through the use of several markers, a comparative analysis between two phyllostomidae species was undertaken in the present study, with a view to supplying datasets for the further establishment of phyllostomidae ev ... | 2009 | 21637449 |